CN105731444A - Preparation method of graphene easy to disperse - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphene easy to disperse Download PDFInfo
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- CN105731444A CN105731444A CN201610257259.3A CN201610257259A CN105731444A CN 105731444 A CN105731444 A CN 105731444A CN 201610257259 A CN201610257259 A CN 201610257259A CN 105731444 A CN105731444 A CN 105731444A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/02—Single layer graphene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of graphene easy to disperse. The method specifically includes the steps of dispersing graphite oxide in deionized water through ultrasonic waves to obtain graphene oxide dispersing liquid, adding a naphthalene non-ionic surface active agent to the dispersing liquid to be evenly mixed, heating to 80-90 DEG C, adding a reducing agent to react for 9-12 hours, cooling to the room temperature, and conducting after-treatment to obtain the graphene easy to disperse. The prepared graphene can be dispersed in various types of solvent due to the single-layer structure, is high in stability and can reach a quite high concentration; the naphthalene non-ionic surface active agent is not influenced by the acid and alkali chemical environment in the graphene preparation process, the solubility of the agent is little influenced by pH, and therefore the prepared single-layer graphene can stably exist in different pH environments.
Description
Technical field
The preparation method that the present invention relates to a kind of easy scattered Graphene.
Background technology
2004, AndreK.Geim of Univ Manchester UK et al. was prepared for Graphene first with stripping method, and Graphene just causes global sensation once coming out.Graphene has the character such as perfect lattice structure and unique mechanics, optics, electricity and calorifics so that it is have broad application prospects in fields such as electronic device, energy storage device, thin-film material and composites.
At present, the preparation of Graphene has mechanical stripping method, oxidation-reduction method, crystal epitaxy method, chemical vapour deposition technique, organic synthesis method and CNT stripping method etc., wherein oxidation-reduction method preparation cost is cheap and easily realize, and becomes the best approach preparing Graphene.But owing to Graphene has high specific surface area so that it is be easy to reunite in reduction, it is therefore desirable to improve its dispersibility.
At present, covalent bond and the modified two kinds of methods of non-covalent bond are had for the dispersibility of Graphene is modified, covalent modification is usually and utilizes graphene oxide and the substance reaction such as diazol, polyvinyl alcohol, then gained material carries out reduction again and prepares the good Graphene of dispersibility；But not covalent modification is to utilize Graphene and modified material (sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone, poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) etc.) to carry out non-covalent interaction (ionic bond, hydrogen bond and π-π interaction etc.) to prepare the good Graphene of dispersibility.Relative to covalent modification, the modified structure not destroying Graphene of non-covalent bond, more can retain the performance that Graphene is excellent, be conducive to preparing high performance Graphene, therefore enjoy favor.
At present, utilize non-covalent bond to modifiy the material improving graphene dispersion and be generally ionic surfactant material (dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, sodium cholate, sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone, 1-pyrene butanoic acid etc.), owing to their own is subject to, with electric charge, stability, the impact that solution ph changes, therefore the dispersion stabilization of Graphene is also subject to the impact of solution ph change by them, and the Graphene concentration that they are prepared simultaneously is generally relatively low.Therefore, the single-layer graphene that preparation is easily dispersed and dispersity is stable, dispersion concentration is high is the urgent needs of people.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is for above shortcomings in prior art, a kind of method adopting naphthalene system nonionic surfactant to prepare easy scattered Graphene is provided, this surfactant HLB value is moderate, synthesis technique is simple, with low cost, the Graphene that this surfactant prepares is adopted to be easily dispersed in multi-solvents, and it is in 4～12 scopes at pH value, remains to be well soluble in water.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, present invention provide the technical scheme that
The preparation method that a kind of easy scattered Graphene is provided: graphite oxide ultrasonic disperse is obtained graphene oxide dispersion in deionized water, naphthalene system nonionic surfactant mix homogeneously is added again in described dispersion liquid, it is subsequently heated to 80～90 DEG C, add reducing agent reaction 9～12h, being cooled to room temperature, post processing (sucking filtration, washing, dry) obtains easy scattered Graphene.
Nonionic surfactant is not exist with ionic condition in the solution, is susceptible to the impact that strong electrolyte exists, and is not easy to be subject to the impact of acid, alkali, and therefore its stability is high, and the compatibility is good.
By such scheme, described graphite oxide adopts the Hummers method improved to prepare.By such scheme, described naphthalene system nonionic surfactant structural formula is:
Wherein n is 16 or 22, the HLB value of corresponding naphthalene system nonionic surfactant respectively 16.7,17.5.
By such scheme, described graphene oxide dispersion concentration is 1～1.5mg/mL, and the mass volume ratio of described naphthalene system nonionic surfactant and dispersion liquid is 0.02～0.04g/mL.
Preferably, described reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate and sodium borohydride, and reducing agent and graphite oxide mass ratio are 10～30:7.
Present invention additionally comprises easy the to be scattered Graphene obtained according to said method, described Graphene is easily dispersed in aqueous solvent, N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N, one in dinethylformamide (DMF), and it is in 4～12 scopes at pH value, remains to be well soluble in water.
If the HLB value of naphthalene system nonionic surfactant is too little, interacting between surfactant hydrophobic part naphthalene nucleus and Graphene is too big relative to the interaction between hydrophilic segment and water, and the interaction between hydrophilic segment and water is not provided that enough active forces make Graphene well be dispersed in water；Only HLB value is suitable, and the interaction between surfactant and Graphene, water can be only achieved balance, so that Graphene is well dispersed in water.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: the present invention adopts the dispersibility of the naphthalene system nonionic surfactant modified graphene that preparation technology is simple, with low cost, HLB value is moderate, described surfactant interacts with π-π and is adsorbed onto graphenic surface, the Graphene making preparation can be scattered in water or organic solvent with single layer structure, good stability and can reach significantly high concentration (up to 1mg/mL)；Further, since the impact of acid and alkali alkali chemical environment in the preparation process of Graphene of naphthalene system nonionic surfactant, its dissolubility is affected only small by pH simultaneously, this make preparation single-layer graphene can under difference pH environment stable existence in water.The inventive method preparation technology is simple, with low cost, is suitable for large-scale production single-layer graphene.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the photo in water of the graphene dispersion prepared by comparative example 1 of the present invention and embodiment 1-3；
Fig. 2 is the photo in the aqueous solution that pH value is 4～12 of the graphene dispersion prepared by embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the photo in different solvents of the graphene dispersion prepared by embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is the XRD figure of the Graphene prepared by embodiment 2；
Fig. 5 is the AFM figure in water of the graphene dispersion prepared by embodiment 3.
Detailed description of the invention
For making those skilled in the art be more fully understood that technical scheme, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Comparative example 1
At 3 DEG C, 1g graphite powder is dissolved in the mixed liquor of 81mL concentrated sulphuric acid (98wt%) and 9mL strong phosphoric acid (85wt%), keeping temperature is 3 DEG C, stirring 30min, is then slowly added thereto 5g potassium permanganate, and the joining day is 30min, control temperature less than 5 DEG C, continue stirring 1h after adding, then raise temperature to 35 DEG C and continue stirring 6h, add the H of 100mL deionized water and 4mL2O2(30wt%), then being stood by gained mixture, utilize bag filter (molecular cut off 8000～14000) to remove manganese ion and the acid ion of the inside after repeatedly changing water, last sucking filtration and vacuum drying obtain the graphite oxide of purification.
The graphite oxide taking the above-mentioned preparation of 25mg is scattered in 25mL distilled water, ultrasonic disperse obtains the graphene oxide aqueous dispersions (GO aqueous dispersions) that concentration is 1mg/mL, it is added thereto to the hydrazine hydrate (concentration 85wt%) of 20 μ L, heat to 90 DEG C of reaction 9h, product is used microporous filter membrane sucking filtration, and use a large amount of distilled water wash, final drying obtains Graphene.By gained graphene dispersion in water, photo is such as shown in Fig. 1 (a), it can be seen that this Graphene is reunited, it is impossible to be well dispersed in water.
Embodiment 1
Prepare naphthalene system nonionic surfactant:
null1) p-toluenesulfonic esters (n=16) is prepared: take 0.02mol poly glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG750) and mix with 40mL sodium hydroxide solution (mass fraction 24%)，Adopting ice-water bath to control temperature is 0～5 DEG C，The paratoluensulfonyl chloride (Tscl) of 0.1mol is dissolved in 40mL oxolane (THF) and is slowly added dropwise in above-mentioned mixed liquor，Continue after dripping off to react 9h at normal temperatures，Evaporating organic solvent subsequently，Residue chloroform and distilled water carry out extracting (saturated common salt washing organic layer)，Collected organic layer also dries with anhydrous magnesium sulfate，Sucking filtration、Collect filtrate，Then the organic solvent in filtrate is steamed，Obtain crude product，Crude product utilizes Diethyl ether recrystallization，The product that crystallization obtains is p-toluenesulfonic esters，Its structural formula is as follows:
2) naphthalene system nonionic surfactant is prepared:
At N2Under protection; 0.06mol Anhydrous potassium carbonate and 0.03mol Potassium borofluoride are added in 100mL anhydrous acetonitrile (dewatering with calcium hydride in advance) and are heated to 90 DEG C of backflows; the beta naphthal of the p-toluenesulfonic esters synthesized by 0.02mol Yu 0.02mol is joined in 40mL anhydrous acetonitrile; it is slowly added dropwise in above-mentioned backflow after stirring and dissolving, at N after dripping2Protection is lower continues heating reflux reaction 3d; sucking filtration after cooling; collecting filtrate, decompression steams anhydrous acetonitrile, adds dichloromethane and distilled water carries out extracting (saturated common salt washing organic layer) in gains; collected organic layer also dries with anhydrous magnesium sulfate; steaming the organic solvent in filtrate after sucking filtration, collection filtrate, obtain crude product, crude product utilizes Diethyl ether recrystallization; the product that crystallization obtains is naphthalene system nonionic surfactant, and its structural formula is as follows:
The method identical with comparative example 1 is adopted to prepare graphite oxide.
Taking the graphite oxide prepared by 25mg and be scattered in 25mL distilled water, ultrasonic disperse obtains the GO aqueous dispersions that concentration is 1mg/mL, is added thereto to the naphthalene system nonionic surfactant (C of the above-mentioned preparation of 0.5g43H74O17, HLB=16.7) and the hydrazine hydrate (concentration 85%) of 60 μ L, heat to 90 DEG C and react 9h, obtain polymolecularity Graphene, product is used microporous filter membrane sucking filtration, and uses a large amount of distilled water wash, final drying obtains Graphene.
By the graphene dispersion prepared by the present embodiment in water, photo is such as shown in Fig. 1 (b), and this Graphene can be well dispersed in water as can be seen from Figure；Fig. 2 is this graphene dispersion photo in the aqueous solution that pH value is 4～12, it can be seen that this Graphene can be well dispersed in the aqueous solution that pH value is 4～12；Graphene dispersion photo in different solvents is as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen from the figure this Graphene can well be scattered in the multiple organic solvents such as N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMF (DMF).
Embodiment 2
The method identical with comparative example 1 is adopted to prepare graphite oxide.
Taking the graphite oxide prepared by 37.5mg and be scattered in 25mL distilled water, ultrasonic disperse obtains the GO aqueous dispersions that concentration is 1.5mg/mL, is charged with the naphthalene system nonionic surfactant (C synthesized by 1.0g embodiment 143H74O17, HLB=16.7) and 1.125g sodium borohydride, heat to 80 DEG C and react 12h, obtain polymolecularity Graphene, product is used microporous filter membrane sucking filtration, and uses a large amount of distilled water wash, final drying obtains Graphene.Fig. 1 (c) is the present embodiment gained graphene dispersion photo in water, it can be seen that this graphene dispersion is good.Fig. 4 is the XRD figure of the present embodiment gained Graphene, does not have the diffraction maximum of graphene oxide in spectrogram, it was demonstrated that graphene oxide fully reacts and is converted into Graphene.
Embodiment 3
Prepare naphthalene system nonionic surfactant:
1) p-toluenesulfonic esters (n=22) is prepared: take 0.02mol poly glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG1000) and mix with 40mL sodium hydroxide solution (mass fraction 24%), ice-water bath controls temperature at 0～5 DEG C, the paratoluensulfonyl chloride of 0.1mol is dissolved in 40mL oxolane and is slowly added dropwise in above-mentioned mixed liquor, continue after dripping off to react 9h at normal temperatures, evaporating organic solvent after stopped reaction, residue chloroform and distilled water carry out extracting (saturated common salt washing organic layer), collected organic layer also dries with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, sucking filtration, collect filtrate, then the organic solvent in filtrate is steamed, obtain crude product, crude product utilizes Diethyl ether recrystallization, the product that crystallization obtains is p-toluenesulfonic esters, its structural formula is as follows:
2) naphthalene system nonionic surfactant is prepared:
At N2Under protection; 0.06mol Anhydrous potassium carbonate and 0.03mol Potassium borofluoride are added in 100mL anhydrous acetonitrile (dewatering with calcium hydride in advance) and are heated to 90 DEG C of backflows; the beta naphthal of 0.02mol is joined in 40mL anhydrous acetonitrile with the p-toluenesulfonic esters synthesized by 0.02mol; it is slowly added dropwise in above-mentioned backflow after stirring and dissolving, at N after dripping2Protection is lower continues heating reflux reaction 3d; sucking filtration after cooling; collecting filtrate, decompression steams anhydrous acetonitrile, adds dichloromethane and distilled water carries out extracting (saturated common salt washing organic layer) in gains; collected organic layer also dries with anhydrous magnesium sulfate; steaming the organic solvent in filtrate after sucking filtration, collection filtrate, obtain crude product, crude product utilizes Diethyl ether recrystallization; the product that crystallization obtains is naphthalene system nonionic surfactant, and its structural formula is as follows:
The method identical with comparative example 1 is adopted to prepare graphite oxide.
Taking the graphite oxide prepared by 25mg and be scattered in 25mL distilled water, ultrasonic disperse obtains the GO aqueous dispersions that concentration is 1mg/mL, is charged with the naphthalene system nonionic surfactant (C synthesized by 1.0g the present embodiment55H98O23, HLB=17.5) and the hydrazine hydrate (85wt%) of 20 μ L, heat to 90 DEG C and react 9h, obtain polymolecularity Graphene, product is used microporous filter membrane sucking filtration, and uses a large amount of distilled water wash, final drying obtains Graphene.Fig. 1 (d) is the present embodiment gained graphene dispersion photo in water, it is seen that this graphene dispersion is good.This dispersion liquid is carried out AFM (atomic force microscope) and characterizes the result obtaining in Fig. 5, as can be seen from the figure prepared Graphene pattern is lamella, size is approximately hundreds of nanometers, thickness is about 1.5nm, after this Graphene two sides all adsorbent with bibliographical information, the thickness of single-layer graphene is close, therefore shows that the Graphene in dispersion liquid is to exist with single layer structure.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of an easy scattered Graphene, it is characterized in that: graphite oxide ultrasonic disperse is obtained graphene oxide dispersion in deionized water, naphthalene system nonionic surfactant mix homogeneously is added again in described dispersion liquid, it is subsequently heated to 80～90 DEG C, add reducing agent reaction 9～12h, being cooled to room temperature, post processing obtains easy scattered Graphene.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described graphite oxide adopts the Hummers method improved to prepare.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described naphthalene system nonionic surfactant has following structural formula:
Wherein n is 16 or 22, the HLB value of corresponding naphthalene system nonionic surfactant respectively 16.7,17.5.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described graphene oxide dispersion concentration is 1～1.5mg/mL, and the mass volume ratio of described naphthalene system nonionic surfactant and dispersion liquid is 0.02～0.04g/mL.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate or sodium borohydride, and reducing agent and graphite oxide mass ratio are 10～30:7.
6. the Graphene obtained according to the arbitrary described method of entitlement requests 1-5, it is characterized in that: described Graphene is easily dispersed in aqueous solvent, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, one in dinethylformamide, and it is in 4～12 scopes at pH value, remains to be well soluble in water.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107353417A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-11-17 | 西安交通大学 | The preparation method of polymer nano material |
| CN107963624A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-04-27 | 葛彬斌 | A kind of preparation method of toughness reduced graphene |
| CN109796011A (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2019-05-24 | 任国峰 | A kind of grapheme material and preparation method thereof prepared by oxidation-reduction method |
| CN114772586A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江南烯科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-conductivity sulfonated graphene by graphite reduction |
| CN115196629A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-18 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Purification method of graphite oxide stock solution |
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| CN104058392A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-24 | 同济大学 | Method for preparing graphene colloid dispersion liquid |
| CN104576078A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-29 | 西北师范大学 | Preparation for 1-naphthol and reductive oxidation graphene composite as well as application of composite as supercapacitor electrode material |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107353417A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-11-17 | 西安交通大学 | The preparation method of polymer nano material |
| CN107353417B (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2020-03-13 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of polymer nano material |
| CN107963624A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-04-27 | 葛彬斌 | A kind of preparation method of toughness reduced graphene |
| CN109796011A (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2019-05-24 | 任国峰 | A kind of grapheme material and preparation method thereof prepared by oxidation-reduction method |
| CN114772586A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江南烯科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-conductivity sulfonated graphene by graphite reduction |
| CN115196629A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-18 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Purification method of graphite oxide stock solution |
| CN115196629B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-07-07 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Purification method of graphite oxide stock solution |
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