CN105722601B - 高效/低压催化裂化喷雾喷嘴组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种气体辅助的液体喷雾喷嘴组件,包括:限定混合区的喷嘴主体;从一端与混合区连通的液体入口;以及从上游侧与混合腔室连通的加压气体入口。液体入口包括延伸到喷嘴主体内的液体喷射器,液体喷射器具有液体入口延伸通道和邻近于封闭的下游端部的多个排放孔口,该封闭的下游端部限定撞击表面以便将液体以与混合区的中心轴线成横向的方式引导到混合区内。喷嘴主体和液体喷射器在喷射器液体的排放孔口的相应位置处限定多个集中气体排放通道,以便使得各个加压气体与被横向引导到混合区内的液体直接相互作用,以便增强雾化和最终从下游喷嘴端头排放。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
该专利申请要求于2013年9月20日提交的申请号为61/880,320的美国临时专利申请的权益,现通过引用将该美国临时专利申请并入本文。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及液体喷雾喷嘴,且更具体地涉及特别适于将液体进料雾化和喷射到流体化的催化裂化立管反应器的喷雾喷嘴组件。
背景技术
在专利号为5,921,472的美国专利中示出并描述了上述类型的喷雾喷嘴组件,现通过引用将该美国专利公开的内容并入本文。这种喷雾喷嘴组件通常包括限定混合腔室的喷嘴主体,液态烃和压缩气体(诸如蒸汽)被引入到混合腔室内,并且液态烃在混合腔室内被雾化。为了增强在混合腔室内的液体雾化,撞击销延伸到腔室内,并且在混合腔室的中心线上限定与液体入口径向相对的液体撞击表面,加压液体流撞击到该液体撞击表面上并横向分散,以及来自气体入口的加压蒸汽流横跨液体撞击表面被引导以便进一步相互作用以及将液体剪切成细小的液滴。混合腔室内的雾化液体在加压蒸汽的力的作用下被引导通过细长的管状筒体,该管状筒体通常设置在催化反应器立管的壁内,以便从其在立管内的下游端部处的喷嘴端头排放。尽管通过细长的管状筒体传递,液体必须以非常细小的液体颗粒喷雾排放以实现最佳的性能。为了有效地破碎并传送液态烃,蒸汽横流必须在高的体积和压力(大约110 psi)下,而液体压力必须被保持在大体相同的或更大的压力下。
在这样的喷雾喷嘴组件中,液态烃流动流必须在其碰撞到撞击销之前经过混合腔室直径的一半。特别地,在具有相对大直径混合腔室的喷雾喷嘴组件中(诸如具有4英寸和更大直径的混合腔室的那些喷雾喷嘴组件中),可能存在一种倾向:被引入到混合腔室内液态烃流动的流仅部分地碰撞撞击销的撞击表面。这是因为液体流动流在碰撞到撞击表面之前必须通过混合腔室行进一个显著距离,而在混合腔室内该液体流动的流经受蒸汽的重的横流。这倾向于使得液体流动流远离撞击表面的中心移位,该移位的大小取决于适于特定设置中的加压蒸汽和液体流动流的速度。该移位防止液态烃流动流的一部分与撞击销接触而被细碎,从而导致喷雾体积的一部分液滴尺寸显著增加,其对喷雾性能产生不利的影响。为了克服被引入到混合腔室内的液体流动流的这种移位,到目前为止一直需要靠更多地增加液体压力来便克服蒸汽横流的影响。这使得必需使用更大和更高压力的处理泵,这些泵的操作成本较高且更容易出现故障。另一方面,这种喷雾喷嘴在较低压力下的操作显著影响喷雾性能并且会形成堵塞,特别是当喷射较重的原油(诸如残油和石油残渣)时尤为如此。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种液态烃喷雾喷嘴组件,其适于在催化裂化反应器中实现更加有效和更精细的液体雾化以及改进的喷雾性能。
另一个目的是提供具有如上所述特征的喷雾喷嘴组件,其可用较少的昂贵处理设备在较低的液体压力下(为常规催化裂化喷雾喷嘴组件的液体压力的将近一半)有效地操作。
进一步的目的是提供一种上述类型的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中被引入到喷雾喷嘴主体的混合腔室内的液态烃流动流在接触撞击表面(该撞击表面粉碎并横向地引导混合区内的液体)之前不受到加压蒸汽的不利影响。
另一个目的是提供上述类型的喷雾喷嘴组件,其减少用于有效地将液体雾化所需的蒸汽量。
还有另一个目的是提供一种上述类型的喷雾喷嘴组件,其有效地用于高效地雾化相对重的原油,诸如残油和石油残渣,而不堵塞或阻塞喷雾喷嘴组件。
另一个目的是提供这样的喷雾喷嘴组件,其具有相对简单和耐用的设计,使其可被经济地制造。
附图说明
在阅读了以下的详细描述并参照附图之后,本发明的其它目的和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
图1是根据本发明安装在催化裂化反应器的立管壁内的喷雾喷嘴组件的示意图;
图2是图1所示的喷雾喷嘴组件的放大纵向截面视图;
图3是沿图2的线3-3的平面截取的放大横截面视图;
图4是所示喷雾喷嘴组件的上游端部的放大透视图;以及
图5是所示喷雾喷嘴组件的液体喷射器和相关联的蒸汽孔口环形子组件的侧视图。
虽然本发明可具有各种变型和替代性的结构,但在附图中示出了并在下文中详细描述了其特定的示例性实施例。然而,应当理解的是,在这里并不旨在将本发明限制到所公开的具体形式。相反,在这里旨在涵盖落入本发明的精神和范围之内的所有变型、替代构造和等同物。在这一点上,虽然所示的喷雾喷嘴组件特别适于在催化裂化***中雾化和喷射液态烃,但是应当理解的是,喷嘴组件的实用性并不局限于该用途。
具体实施方式
现在更具体的参照附图,其示出根据本发明的示例性喷雾喷嘴组件10,其以传统的方式安装在流体化催化反应器的立管的绝缘壁11(以虚线示出)内。喷雾喷嘴组件10被支撑在管状套筒12内,并以与垂直方向成一锐角的方式被固定在壁11内,以用于将雾化液态烃向上排放到立管内。在这种情况下,管状套筒12具有向外延伸的凸缘14。固定到喷雾喷嘴组件10的支撑凸缘15可固定到凸缘14。
如在图2中最好的显示那样,所示的喷雾喷嘴组件10基本上包括为细长管状构件17形式的喷嘴主体,其限定邻近于上游端部的混合区20和与混合区20连通的细长筒体延伸区24。混合区20具有加压蒸汽入口21和设置在立管壁11外侧上的液态烃入口22。细长筒体延伸区24设置在喷嘴支撑套筒12和立管壁11内且在下游延伸通过喷嘴支撑套筒12和立管壁11。具有一个或多个排放孔口26的喷嘴端头25被支撑在立管内的管状构件17的下游端部处,以用于排放和引导雾化的液体喷雾。管状构件17可以是一个或多个长度的管,诸如Schedule 80钢管,其具有在约2英寸至8英寸之间的内径。
根据本发明,喷雾喷嘴组件可操作成在将液态烃雾化成更细小的液体颗粒排放物以达到更有效的喷雾性能的同时在显著较低的液体压力下操作。为此,液态烃入口22设置在喷嘴主体的管状构件17的上游端部处,以及蒸汽入口21通过管状构件17的侧壁与其连通。在所示的实施例中,蒸汽入口21包括装配件30,其具有安装夹具31和下游端部。安装夹具31用于固定到耦联到蒸汽或其它气体供给的供给管线32,而下游端部具有装配在管状构件17的开口35内的埋头孔部段34,在这种情况下其形成有向内渐缩的圆锥形侧壁,以便于由适当的环形焊接件将装配件30固定到管状构件17。蒸汽入口装配件30具有中央流动通道36,其具有通过管状构件17连通的蒸汽入口通道部段36a。
液体入口22(类似于蒸汽入口21)包括装配件40,其具有安装凸缘41和下游圆柱形部段44。安装凸缘41用于固定到耦联到适当液态烃供给的液态烃供给管线42,而下游圆柱形部段44用于固定到管状构件17的上游轴向端。液体入口装配件40和管状构件17的端部被倒角以便通过焊接件固定。液体入口装配件40包括孔口构件45,孔口构件45用于限定预定直径的液体入口通道46,进料液体通过液体入口通道46被加速。在这种情况下,孔口构件45具有锥形入口部段,以用于引导加压液体流动流进入并通过孔口构件通道46。
在实施该实施例的过程中,液体入口22包括细长的封闭端部的液体喷射器50,液体喷射器50沿着其中心轴线51延伸到混合区20内,液体喷射器50具有在孔口构件45和多个排放孔口54(邻近延伸通道52的下游端部)之间连通的液体延伸通道52,其将液体以垂直于中心轴线51的方式横向引导到混合区20内。在这种情况下,液体喷射器50是具有封闭的下游端部的单独的管状构件,该下游端部以与液体孔口构件45的下游端部抵接的方式与上游端部固定地安装。液体喷射器50具有上游的向外延伸的环形凸缘55,其被夹持在由装配件40的环形端部38限定的肩部和孔口构件45的下游端部之间,其中孔口构件45通过螺纹安装在装配件40内。应当理解的是,备选地,孔口构件45与液体喷射器50可被制成单一部件。在这种情况下,液体喷射器50的中央延伸通道52具有上游通道部段52a,其直径比孔口构件通道46大,以允许液态烃畅通无阻地流动到喷射器50,该液态烃然后被引导到较小的下游通道部段52b内。
进一步根据该实施例,液体喷射器50具有封闭的下游末端58,其具有液体排放孔口54的“x”配置。在这种情况下,排放孔口54由圆柱形通道限定,该圆柱形通道以与中心轴线51垂直的方式径向向外延伸,并限定垂直于中心轴线51的平坦的内部撞击表面60,通过延伸通道52的加压液态烃撞击到内部撞击表面60上且被横向地引导并分散到混合区20内。
在进一步实施该实施例的过程中,环形蒸汽壁64和孔口环形件65邻近于液体喷射器50的下游端部设置在管状构件17内,其支撑液体喷射器50并在每个喷射器排放孔口54的特定位置处限定多个集中蒸汽排放孔口66,以用于使蒸汽与从液体喷射器50排放的液体流动流直接相互作用并雾化该液体流动流。在这种情况下,环形蒸汽壁64是板状的壁构件,其被焊接在管状主体构件17内以便限定围绕在液体排放孔口54的上游的液体喷射器50的环形蒸汽腔室68,来自蒸汽入口21的蒸汽被引导到其内。在这种情况下,孔口环形件65设置在环形蒸汽壁64内,并具有为壁64的宽度的大约两倍的轴向长度,这样,孔口环形件65的一部分在环形蒸汽壁64的上游延伸一定的长度。
为了限定集中蒸汽排放孔口66,液体喷射器50的下游端部部段形成有横跨液体排放孔口54的外部平台70以及连接平台70的成角度的或倒圆的角部71。孔口环形件65具有大体矩形的内部开口,其相对两侧形成有用于支撑液体喷射器50的角部71的凹部74并形成有邻近于液体喷射器平台70的倒圆的角部75,以便以与液体排放孔口54对准的方式限定在平台70和倒圆的角部75之间的蒸汽排放孔口66。在这种情况下,由蒸汽孔口环形件65和液体喷射器平台70所限定的蒸汽排放孔口66与每个液体喷射器排放孔口54对准并部分地重叠。优选地,蒸汽孔口环形件65的下游端部定中在液体排放孔口54或在液体排放孔口54的稍微上游。
可以看出的是,由于集中蒸汽排放孔口66与液体喷射器50的液体排放孔口54精确地对准,因此它们将把蒸汽引导到液体排放孔口54的上方,以便在液体烃流出液体喷射器50的精确位置处剪切并雾化液体流。由于所有的蒸汽能量被集中在该位置处,液体可被雾化成非常细小的液体颗粒,以用于传输到喷嘴端头25。由于集中蒸汽孔口66相对较小,因此蒸汽入口通道36a可相对较大,诸如为蒸汽腔室直径的一半或更大,以便实现通过孔口66的蒸汽的所需速度。
已经发现的是,雾化液体的液滴尺寸可通过改变蒸汽孔口66的面积来进一步改变。为了实现更小的雾化液滴,集中蒸汽排放孔口66可诸如通过改变喷射器平台70相对于孔口环形件65的内部开口的尺寸而被扩大。此外,可通过使得环形件65的外周边形成有平台80而围绕蒸汽孔口环形件65的外周设置辅助蒸汽排放孔口66a,如图3中所示的那样。优选地,平台80被设置在液体喷射器50的角部71的径向外侧,以便将辅助蒸汽排放孔口66a在内部蒸汽排放孔口66之间周向间隔开。
蒸汽孔口环形件65优选被焊接到液体喷射器50的角部71,以保持环形件65相对于喷射器50的正确取向。这进一步使得能够将液体喷射器50和蒸汽孔口环形件65或子组件容易地装配到喷嘴主体的管状构件17和蒸汽腔室壁64的中央开口内。液体喷射器50的下游端部58和蒸汽孔口环形件65可在组装过程中通过滑动配合安装到蒸汽腔室壁64的中央开口内,这将允许喷射器50和孔口环形件65组件热膨胀或收缩而不受到限制。在这种情况下,液体喷射器50的突出通过蒸汽孔口环形件65和腔室壁64的端部58被倒圆以便促进将雾化液体向下游引导到喷嘴主体的筒体区24内。
在操作中,可以看到的是,被引导到蒸汽入口21内的蒸汽将进入被限定在蒸汽腔室壁64上游的蒸汽腔室68内,并在液体喷射器50的精确位置处被引导通过四个周向间隔开的集中蒸汽排放孔口66,以便增强从液体喷射器50所排放的液体在撞击到液体喷射器50的内部撞击表面60之后的相互作用和雾化。所得到的提高的雾化效率使得喷雾喷嘴组件可在低至60 psi的液体压力或常规催化裂化喷嘴组件的压力要求的几乎一半下操作。从孔口环形件65的蒸汽的集中引导也减少了进行有效雾化所必需的蒸汽量。液态烃的更有效的加压空气雾化进一步有效地用于破碎更重的原油,例如残油和石油残渣,而不堵塞或阻塞喷嘴部件。然而,喷雾喷嘴组件仍具有非常简单和耐用的设计,使其本身可被经济地制造和被可靠地使用。
Claims (14)
1.一种催化裂化***,其包括:
立管;
喷雾喷嘴组件,所述喷雾喷嘴组件具有喷嘴主体,所述喷嘴主体支撑在立管壁内以将雾化液体烃排入所述立管内;
所述喷嘴主体限定了混合区和筒体延伸区,所述筒体延伸区是细长的并且向下游延伸并且与延伸通过所述立管壁的所述混合区连通;
液体烃入口,其设置在所述立管壁的连接到液体烃供给的外侧上以引导加压液体烃到所述混合区内;
蒸汽入口,其设置在所述立管壁的连接到加压蒸汽供给的外侧上以引导加压蒸汽到所述混合区内;
所述液体烃入口与液体喷射器连通,所述液体喷射器是细长的并且设置在所述筒体延伸区上游并沿着所述混合区的中心轴线延伸到所述混合区内;
所述喷嘴主体限定了蒸汽腔室,所述蒸汽腔室是环形的并且在所述筒体延伸区的上游且与所述蒸汽入口连通并且围绕所述液体喷射器;
所述液体喷射器具有液体入口延伸通道和邻近于所述液体入口延伸通道的下游端部的多个液体排放孔口,以便将液体烃从所述液体入口延伸通道以与所述混合区的所述中心轴线成横向的方式引导到所述混合区内;
所述喷嘴主体和所述液体喷射器限定了位于所述蒸汽腔室的下游端部处的多个单独的集中蒸汽排放通道,每个集中气体排放通道都在相应的液体排放孔口的位置处并与相应的所述排放孔口对准,以便使得各个加压蒸汽流与从液体排放孔口横向引导到所述混合区内的液体烃直接相互作用并且引导雾化液体烃通过所述筒体延伸区;以及
安装在所述筒体延伸区的下游端部处的喷嘴端头,所述喷嘴端头具有排放孔口,被引导通过所述筒体延伸区的雾化液体烃以预定的喷雾模式通过所述排放孔口排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化***,其中所述蒸汽入口通过喷嘴主体的侧壁与所述混合区连通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化***,其中所述液体喷射器具有封闭的下游端部,其限定内部撞击表面,被引导通过所述液体入口的延伸通道的液体烃撞击到所述内部撞击表面上并且通过所述液体排放孔口被横向向外引导。
4.根据权利要求3所述的催化裂化***,其中所述内部撞击表面由邻近于液体喷射器的下游端部的、通过液体喷射器横向地延伸的多个所述液体排放孔口限定。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化***,其中所述液体烃入口包括限定预定尺寸的液体入口通道的孔口构件,并且所述液体喷射器是安装在所述孔口构件下游的单独管状构件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化***,其中所述多个集中蒸汽排放通道在所述液体喷射器和一个环形件之间限定,所述环形件在所述蒸汽腔室的下游端部处围绕所述液体喷射器地设置在所述喷嘴主体内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的催化裂化***,其中所述液体喷射器形成为带有横跨所述液体排放孔口的外部平台,并且所述集中蒸汽排放通道限定在所述液体喷射器的所述外部平台和所述环形件的内部之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化***,其中所述液体喷射器在下游端部处由环形壁支撑在所述喷嘴主体内,所述环形壁限定所述蒸汽腔室的下游端部,并且所述多个集中蒸汽排放通道在所述蒸汽腔室和所述细长筒体延伸区之间连通。
9.根据权利要求8所述的催化裂化***,包括支撑在所述环形壁内的环形件,并且所述多个集中蒸汽排放通道限定在所述环形件和所述液体喷射器的下游端部之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的催化裂化***,其中所述环形件在所述环形壁的上游延伸。
11.根据权利要求9所述的催化裂化***,其中所述液体喷射器形成为带有横跨所述液体排放孔口的外部平台,并且所述集中蒸汽排放通道限定在所述外部平台和所述环形件之间。
12.根据权利要求3所述的催化裂化***,其中所述内部撞击表面由所述液体排放孔口的x配置限定。
13.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化***,其中所述液体排放孔口限定垂直于所述混合区的所述中心轴线的平坦的内部撞击表面,被引导通过所述液体入口延伸通道的加压液体烃碰撞到所述内部撞击表面上并被横向引导。
14.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化***,其中所述喷嘴主体是一件中空圆柱体筒状构件的形式。
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2014
- 2014-09-18 EP EP14845461.4A patent/EP3046677B1/en active Active
- 2014-09-18 RU RU2016111967A patent/RU2671748C2/ru active
- 2014-09-18 US US15/023,472 patent/US10201794B2/en active Active
- 2014-09-18 WO PCT/US2014/056346 patent/WO2015042283A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-18 CN CN201480063304.0A patent/CN105722601B/zh active Active
- 2014-09-18 ES ES14845461T patent/ES2939293T3/es active Active
-
2019
- 2019-02-08 US US16/271,500 patent/US20190176120A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5921472A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1999-07-13 | Spraying Systems Co. | Enhanced efficiency nozzle for use in fluidized catalytic cracking |
CN102947007A (zh) * | 2010-04-19 | 2013-02-27 | 喷雾***公司 | 外部混合空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2015042283A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
RU2016111967A3 (zh) | 2018-05-17 |
RU2671748C2 (ru) | 2018-11-06 |
EP3046677A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
RU2016111967A (ru) | 2017-10-25 |
US20190176120A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
US20160199805A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
EP3046677B1 (en) | 2023-02-15 |
EP3046677A4 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
US10201794B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
CN105722601A (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
ES2939293T3 (es) | 2023-04-20 |
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