CN105712317A - Preparation method of nano-contained hollow carbon material - Google Patents
Preparation method of nano-contained hollow carbon material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105712317A CN105712317A CN201610067079.9A CN201610067079A CN105712317A CN 105712317 A CN105712317 A CN 105712317A CN 201610067079 A CN201610067079 A CN 201610067079A CN 105712317 A CN105712317 A CN 105712317A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
- C01P2004/34—Spheres hollow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/16—Pore diameter
- C01P2006/17—Pore diameter distribution
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of novel carbon materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a nano-contained hollow carbon material. The method mainly solves the problems that an existing preparation method is complex, the carbon hollow sphere purity is low, the cost is high, and the yield is low. The preparation method of the nano-contained hollow carbon material comprises the following steps that 1, a surface active agent, a metal salt, urea and an oxygen-contained organic substance are dissolved into water and added into a stainless steel reaction kettle; 2, the stainless steel reaction kettle containing the raw materials is placed into an air dry oven with the program heating function to be subjected to a reaction; 3, a reaction solution is sucked and filtered, a product is washed through deionized water and ethyl alcohol and dried; 4, the dried product is taken to be subjected to thermal treatment in the inert atmosphere; 5, the thermally-treated sample is soaked with an excessive amount of a dilute acid solution, and then suction filtering and drying are performed to obtain the nano-contained hollow carbon material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of novel carbon material, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element.Hollow carbon material prepared by the present invention can be widely applied to the every field such as electrode of super capacitor, lithium ion cell electrode, electrochemical energy storage hydrogen storage, catalyst carrier, sewage purification, absorption.
Background technology
Following nanosecond science and technology will be increasingly dependent on the synthesis of the nano material of novel different structure and functional characteristic.Material with carbon element is due to multiple one-tenth key-like formula (sp, sp of carbon2、sp3Hydridization) and show various structures form, such as CNT, Graphene, carbon nano rod etc., therefore cause the extensive concern of people.Hollow nano carbon spherical structure is special, there is low-density, a certain size cavity, high-specific surface area, its internal lar nanometric cavities can as a memory space or even a reactor, it is possible to extensively by every field such as biologic medical, catalyst carrier, absorption, energy storage hydrogen storage, ultracapacitor, lithium ion batteries.
Nowadays adopting preparation method the most widely is template, template can be divided into again hard template method and soft template method, hard template method is usually some monodispersed silicon ball, polymer drops, metal-oxides etc. of application for template, then make polymer at its surface aggregate, obtain the composite balls of polymer embedding hard template, carbonization afterwards, the method that reselection is suitable removes hard template and obtains Carbon Hollow ball.Jang etc. [JangJ, LimB.AdvancedMaterials, 2002,14 (19): 1390-1393.] utilize the SiO that surface was modified2As template, divinylbenzene is carbon source, is prepared for size and is about the hollow carbon balls of 22nm, and products therefrom ratio is more uniform, but carbon source used by it is noxious substance, and template also needs to remove with Fluohydric acid., and comparatively laborious, time-consuming, yield is relatively low.[WhiteRJ, TauerK, the AntoniettiM such as White, etal.JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety, 2010,132 (49): 17360-17363] utilize polystyrene latex as template, with glucose for carbon source, it is prepared for the hollow carbon balls of about 100nm cavity, tens nanometers of wall thickness, carbon ball prepared by this method, pattern and structure comparison are homogeneous, and method is simple, template can decompose removal in heat treatment, but is need to prepare in advance template eventually.
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) (CVD) method is another common method of synthesis carbon hollow ball, under flowing atmosphere, using organic gas as carbon source in high-temperature region pyrolysis, in the process of catalyst surface deposition growing solid carbon.Wang etc. [WangZL, YinJS.Chemicalphysicsletters, 1998,289 (1): 189-192.] adopt MnO at first2As catalyst, pass through CH4The carbon hollow ball and hollow calabash shaped carbon structure that diameter is 800nm has been synthesized 900 1050 DEG C of pyrolysis.General metal-oxide makes catalyst, how to generate with a large amount of by-products, and carbon hollow ball purity is not high.
It addition, the preparation method of carbon ball also has metal deoxidization, supercritical methanol technology, dispersion copolymerization method, laser gasification method, arc discharge method, the shortcomings such as these methods existence manufacturing cost in various degree is high, productivity is low.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is generally directed to the problem that current preparation method exists preparation method complexity, carbon hollow ball purity is low, cost is high and productivity is low, it is provided that a kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element.
The present invention solves the problems referred to above and the technical scheme taked is:
A kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is, according to mol ratio 1:(2～200): (8～800): surfactant, slaine, carbamide and oxygen-bearing organic matter are dissolved in water by the ratio of (5～500), join in stainless steel cauldron afterwards；
(2), will be equipped with the stainless steel cauldron of raw material and put in the air dry oven with temperature programming function, it is warming up to 70 DEG C with the programming rate of 1～10 DEG C/min from room temperature, it is warming up to 90 DEG C again with the programming rate of 0.1～0.5 DEG C/min, it is warming up to 160～200 DEG C again with the programming rate of 1～10 DEG C/min, and 160～200 DEG C of constant temperature 2～12 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature；
(3), the reactant liquor of sucking filtration step (2), and with deionized water and washing with alcohol product, finally product is dried at 60 DEG C；
(4) the product heat treatment in an inert atmosphere after step (3) is dried, is taken, with 5～10 DEG C/min temperature to 600～1200 DEG C, constant temperature 1～4 hour, is then cooled to 500 DEG C with 5～10 DEG C/min cooling rate, then is naturally cooling to room temperature；
(5), by the sample after step (4) heat treatment, by excessive dilute acid soln soaking and stirring 10～12 hours, then carry out sucking filtration and dry, obtain containing hollow nano material with carbon element.
Surfactant of the present invention is cationic surface active agent, anionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant；Described slaine is water-soluble inorganic salt and organic salt；Described oxygen-bearing organic matter is unitary saccharide, binary saccharide or starch.
Described dilute acid soln is concentration one or more mixture in the dilute hydrochloric acid of more than 0.5mol/L, dilute sulfuric acid, dust technology.
Described cationic surface active agent is dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate or sodium lauryl sulphate；Described anionic surfactant is cetyl trimethylammonium bromide；Described nonionic surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Described inorganic salt is hydrochlorate, nitrate or sulfate, and organic salt is oxalates or acetate, and in described slaine, metal ion is transition metal ions.
The major technique advantage of preparation hollow carbon balls method of the present invention is embodied in: 1, with surfactant and metal ion for template altogether, prepared lar nanometric cavities is less, below 50nm；2, with oxygen-bearing organic matters such as glucoses for carbon source, cost of material is low；3, preparing hollow carbon balls with the method for hydro-thermal, the response time is short；4, the medicine of severe corrosive, safety and environmental protection need not be used；5, technological process is short, and postprocessing working procedures is simple.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of product of the present invention, and wherein A and B is Sample Scan electromicroscopic photograph after gained heat treatment, and C and D is the stereoscan photograph of sample after pickling；
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope photo of product of the present invention, and wherein A is the transmission electron microscope photo of sample after heat treatment, and B is the transmission electron microscope photo of sample after pickling；
Fig. 3 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of three phases product after hydro-thermal, after heat treatment, after pickling；
Fig. 4 is after heat treatment, the nitrogen adsorption desorption curve of latter two stage product of pickling；
Fig. 5 is the graph of pore diameter distribution of pickling afterproduct.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element, comprises the following steps:
(1), weigh 1.0g dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate (SDBS), 1.666g nickel nitrate, 1.3798g carbamide, 2.5g glucose are dissolved in 35ml deionized water successively, join after mix homogeneously in 40ml stainless steel cauldron；
(2), above-mentioned stainless steel cauldron is put in the air dry oven with temperature programming function, set heating rate as 2 DEG C/min, after rising to 70 DEG C, 90 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 0.2 DEG C/min, 180 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min, constant temperature 5 hours, then turns off heating, makes reactor naturally cool to room temperature in an oven；
(3), to above-mentioned product carry out sucking filtration, and with deionized water wash 3 times, then by washing with alcohol 3 times to clarification, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 4 hours；
(4), putting in tube furnace by dried product, logical argon carries out heat treatment, per minute is warming up to 800 DEG C from room temperature with 8 DEG C, and constant temperature 2 hours is cooled to 500 DEG C with 10 DEG C/min speed, then naturally cools to room temperature；
(5), with the hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, the product after heat treatment is dissolved, and stir a whole night at 50 DEG C；
(6), to the sample sucking filtration after pickling, and be 7 with deionized water wash 3 times to pH, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 3 hours, obtain product.
In embodiment 1, after step (4) heat treatment operation, the pattern of gained sample is shown in accompanying drawing, Figure 1A, B its scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph corresponding, it can be seen that carbon adheres to a lot of nickel granule, Fig. 2 A its transmission electron microscope picture corresponding, being more clearly seen hollow carbon structure has the nickel granule much melting also globulate.Sample Scan Electronic Speculum figure after step (6) pickling processes, such as shown in Fig. 1 C, D, contrasts with calculating money laundering, and porosity is abundant a lot, and the product finally given is the pattern of carbon ball aggregation；Its transmission electron microscope picture as shown in Figure 2 B, can clearly be seen that compared with A nickel granule is removed completely, and obtain highly uniform carbon hollow structure.The x-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of three phases product after Fig. 3 show the present embodiment step (3) hydro-thermal washing dried, after step (4) heat treatment, after step (6) pickling processes, from XRD figure it can be seen that, through Overheating Treatment, the characteristic peak of nickel and substantially, and have certain graphitization, it is possible to from the diffraction curve that pickling is later, confirm the characteristic peak having graphitized carbon at about 26 degree.Fig. 4 is after heat treatment, the nitrogen adsorption desorption curve of latter two stage product of pickling, it can be verified that through overpickling, the porosity of product structure improves a lot, and the curve pattern of the two to show there is meso-hole structure in product in the majority.Fig. 5 is the graph of pore diameter distribution of pickling afterproduct, it is seen that the aperture integrated distribution in end product is at 1-5 nanometer, maximum at 3.7 nanometers pore-size distributions, shows the size of products therefrom cavity further.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element, comprises the following steps:
(1), weigh 0.01g dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate (SDBS), 1.548g ferric chloride, 1.3798g carbamide, 2.5g fructose are once dissolved in 35ml deionized water, join after mix homogeneously in 40ml stainless steel cauldron；
(2), above-mentioned stainless steel cauldron is put in the air dry oven with temperature programming function, set heating rate as 5 DEG C/min, after rising to 70 DEG C, 90 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 0.4 DEG C/min, 160 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, constant temperature 7 hours, then turns off heating, makes reactor naturally cool to room temperature in an oven；
(3), to above-mentioned product carry out sucking filtration, and with deionized water wash 4 times, then by washing with alcohol 4 times to clarification, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 5 hours；
(4), putting in tube furnace by dried product, logical argon carries out heat treatment, per minute is warming up to 1000 DEG C from room temperature with 5 DEG C, and constant temperature 3 hours is cooled to 500 DEG C with 8 DEG C/min speed, then naturally cools to room temperature；
(5), with the hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, the product after heat treatment is dissolved, and stir a whole night at 50 DEG C；
(6), to the sample sucking filtration after pickling, and be 7 with deionized water wash 4 times to pH, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 3 hours, obtain product.
The present embodiment products therefrom pattern is identical with example 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element, comprises the following steps:
(1), weigh 0.1g sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS), 1.611g cobaltous sulfate, 1.3798g carbamide, 1.25g starch are once dissolved in 35ml deionized water, join after mix homogeneously in 40ml stainless steel cauldron；
(2), above-mentioned stainless steel cauldron is put in the air dry oven with temperature programming function, set heating rate as 8 DEG C/min, after rising to 70 DEG C, 90 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 8 DEG C/min, constant temperature 3 hours, then turns off heating, makes reactor naturally cool to room temperature in an oven；
(3), to above-mentioned product carry out sucking filtration, and with deionized water wash 5 times, then by washing with alcohol 5 times to clarification, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 3 hours；
(4), putting in tube furnace by dried product, logical argon carries out heat treatment, per minute is warming up to 600 DEG C from room temperature with 10 DEG C, and constant temperature 4 hours is cooled to 500 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min speed, then naturally cools to room temperature；
(5), with the hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, the product after heat treatment is dissolved, and stir a whole night at 50 DEG C；
(6), to the sample sucking filtration after pickling, and be 7 with deionized water wash 5 times to pH, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 3 hours, obtain product.
The present embodiment products therefrom pattern is identical with example 1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element, comprises the following steps:
(1), weigh 0.1g sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS), 1.427g cobalt acetate, 1.3798g carbamide, 1.25g sucrose are once dissolved in 35ml deionized water, join after mix homogeneously in 40ml stainless steel cauldron；
(2), above-mentioned stainless steel cauldron is put in the air dry oven with temperature programming function, set heating rate as 2 DEG C/min, after rising to 70 DEG C, 80 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 0.2 DEG C/min, 160 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min, constant temperature 2.5 hours, then turns off heating, makes reactor naturally cool to room temperature in an oven；
(3), to above-mentioned product carry out sucking filtration, and with deionized water wash 3-5 time, then by washing with alcohol 3-5 time to clarification, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 5 hours；
(4), putting in tube furnace by dried product, logical argon carries out heat treatment, per minute is warming up to 800 DEG C from room temperature with 8 DEG C, and constant temperature 3 hours is cooled to 500 DEG C with 10 DEG C/min speed, then naturally cools to room temperature；
(5), with the hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, the product after heat treatment is dissolved, and stir a whole night at 50 DEG C；
(6), to the sample sucking filtration after pickling, and be 7 with deionized water wash 3-5 time to pH, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 3 hours, obtain product.
The present embodiment products therefrom pattern is identical with example 1.
Embodiment 5
A kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element, comprises the following steps:
(1), weigh 1.0g dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate (SDBS), 1.031g ferric oxalate (II) dihydrate, 1.3798g carbamide, 2.5g glucose are once dissolved in 35ml deionized water, join after mix homogeneously in 40ml stainless steel cauldron；
(2), above-mentioned stainless steel cauldron is put in the air dry oven with temperature programming function, set heating rate as 1 DEG C/min, after rising to 70 DEG C, 90 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 0.1 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C are risen to again with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, constant temperature 10 hours, then turns off heating, makes reactor naturally cool to room temperature in an oven；
(3), to above-mentioned product carry out sucking filtration, and with deionized water wash 3 times, then by washing with alcohol 3 times to clarification, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 4 hours；
(4), putting in tube furnace by dried product, logical argon carries out heat treatment, per minute is warming up to 600 DEG C from room temperature with 8 DEG C, and constant temperature 4 hours is cooled to 500 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min speed, then naturally cools to room temperature；
(5), with the hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, the product after heat treatment is dissolved, and stir a whole night at 50 DEG C；
(6), to the sample sucking filtration after pickling, and be 7 with deionized water wash 4 times to pH, finally by product 60 DEG C dry 3 hours, obtain product.
The present embodiment products therefrom pattern is identical with example 1.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1), according to the ratio that mol ratio is 1:2～200:8～800:5～500, surfactant, slaine, carbamide and oxygen-bearing organic matter are dissolved in water, join in stainless steel cauldron afterwards；
(2), will be equipped with the stainless steel cauldron of raw material and put in the air dry oven with temperature programming function, it is warming up to 70 DEG C with the programming rate of 1～10 DEG C/min from room temperature, it is warming up to 90 DEG C again with the programming rate of 0.1～0.5 DEG C/min, it is warming up to 160～200 DEG C again with the programming rate of 1～10 DEG C/min, and 160～200 DEG C of constant temperature 2～12 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature；
(3), the reactant liquor of sucking filtration step (2), and with deionized water and washing with alcohol product, finally product is dried at 60 DEG C；
(4) the product heat treatment in an inert atmosphere after step (3) is dried, is taken, with 5～10 DEG C/min temperature to 600～1200 DEG C, constant temperature 1～4 hour, is then cooled to 500 DEG C with 5～10 DEG C/min cooling rate, then is naturally cooling to room temperature；
(5), by the sample after step (4) heat treatment, by excessive dilute acid soln soaking and stirring 10～12 hours, then carry out sucking filtration and dry, obtain containing hollow nano material with carbon element.
2. a kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described surfactant is cationic surface active agent, anionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant；Described slaine is water-soluble inorganic salt and organic salt；Described oxygen-bearing organic matter is unitary saccharide, binary saccharide or starch.
3. a kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described dilute acid soln is concentration one or more mixture in the dilute hydrochloric acid of more than 0.5mol/L, dilute sulfuric acid, dust technology.
4. a kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described cationic surface active agent is dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate or sodium lauryl sulphate；Described anionic surfactant is cetyl trimethylammonium bromide；Described nonionic surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone.
5. a kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described inorganic salt is hydrochlorate, nitrate or sulfate, organic salt is oxalates or acetate, and in described slaine, metal ion is transition metal ions.
6. a kind of preparation method containing hollow nano material with carbon element according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described transition metal ions is iron ion, ferrous ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion.
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| CN109904321A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of carbon electrode material and preparation method thereof of perovskite thin film solar battery |
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| CN101177253A (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for preparing hollow micrometre carbon ball with structured size |
| CN101224883A (en) * | 2008-02-03 | 2008-07-23 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing hollow carbon balls |
| CN102951638A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-06 | 上海大学 | Hydrothermal synthesis method for hollow carbon nanomaterials |
| CN104150465A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-11-19 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing hollow carbon ball |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101177253A (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for preparing hollow micrometre carbon ball with structured size |
| CN101224883A (en) * | 2008-02-03 | 2008-07-23 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing hollow carbon balls |
| CN102951638A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-06 | 上海大学 | Hydrothermal synthesis method for hollow carbon nanomaterials |
| CN104150465A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-11-19 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing hollow carbon ball |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109904321A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of carbon electrode material and preparation method thereof of perovskite thin film solar battery |
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