CN105703719A - Method and apparatus for correcting inconvenient power amplifier load characteristics in an envelope tracking based system - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for correcting inconvenient power amplifier load characteristics in an envelope tracking based system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105703719A
CN105703719A CN201510763259.6A CN201510763259A CN105703719A CN 105703719 A CN105703719 A CN 105703719A CN 201510763259 A CN201510763259 A CN 201510763259A CN 105703719 A CN105703719 A CN 105703719A
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power amplifier
characteristic
frequency
subband
match network
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CN105703719B (en
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安德瑞斯·兰格
西蒙·休斯
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Apple Inc
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Intel Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0211—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
    • H03F1/0216—Continuous control
    • H03F1/0222—Continuous control by using a signal derived from the input signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/30—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage or other physical parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/195—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
    • H03F3/245—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/102—A non-specified detector of a signal envelope being used in an amplifying circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/171—A filter circuit coupled to the output of an amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/336—A I/Q, i.e. phase quadrature, modulator or demodulator being used in an amplifying circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/387—A circuit being added at the output of an amplifier to adapt the output impedance of the amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/447—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being protected to temperature influence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/28—Impedance matching networks
    • H03H11/30—Automatic matching of source impedance to load impedance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • H03H7/40—Automatic matching of load impedance to source impedance

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for correcting inconvenient power amplifier load characteristics in an envelope tracking based system. A tunable matching network is configured to couple at least one filter with a power amplifier that is configured to operate in an envelope tracking (ET) mode of operation over a transmit band. A control component is configured to detect a present set of operating conditions of the power amplifier when the power amplifier operates in the ET mode of operation. The present set of operating conditions comprises a present frequency of operation, and the control component is further configured to transmit a control signal to the tunable matching network in response to the detected present set of operating conditions. The tunable matching network is further configured to adjust an impedance of the tunable matching network in response to the transmitted control signal such that one or more ET characteristics are optimized based at least in part on the present set of operating conditions.

Description

The method and apparatus of correction envelope tracking system intermediate power amplifier load characteristic
Technical field
It relates to envelope tracking (envelopetracking), optimize envelope tracking characteristic more particularly, to by optimization power amplifier (PA) load characteristic。
Background technology
The effective ways of the current drain of a kind of PA optimized in whole output power range in wireless system are to use the next PA service voltage variable to PA offer of dc-dc。According to RF output, for instance, dc-dc is regulated to the output voltage of PA。Along with output reduces, result is also to reduce to the PA service voltage of PA。Voltage owing to dropping to relatively low PA service voltage from cell voltage is changed, and battery current reduces。Alternately, the output voltage of expected in subsequent time period dc-dc can based target RF power (average RF power) and fix。This process is sometimes referred to as mean power and follows the trail of (APT), and wherein constant voltage is provided to PA。
Envelope tracking DC-DC (ETDC-DC) transducer or envelope tracking manipulator have the ability of envelope tracking to reduce battery current further。Envelope tracking describes the method for RF amplifier operations, for instance, the service voltage being applied to power amplifier wherein is constantly adjusted to ensure that amplifier works with given or close to the requirement of instantaneous output peak efficiencies。
Envelope tracking is characterised by, the service voltage of power amplifier is not constant。The service voltage of power amplifier depends on that the modulating baseband signal being imported into PA or radio frequency (RF) input the instantaneous envelope of signal。Such as, ETDC-DC transducer is followed the instantaneous envelope of RF signal, which obviate voltage margin and further increase the efficiency (combined efficiency of power amplifier and dc-dc) of system。Relative to standard dc-dc (it only follows mean power or firm power supply), ETDC-DC transducer such as can reduce about 20+% of the peak power output of the battery current of Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal。
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of this disclosure, provide a kind of system for assisting envelope tracking, including: tunable match network, being configured to couple at least one wave filter and be couple at least one amplifier, this at least one amplifier is configured on emission band to operate with envelope tracking (ET) operator scheme；And control assembly, it is configured as detecting when power amplifier operates one group of current operational conditions of power amplifier with ET operator scheme, wherein this group current operational conditions includes current operating frequency, wherein controls assembly and is also configured to send control signal to tunable match network in response to one group of detected current operational conditions；Wherein tunable match network is additionally configured in response to the control signal sent to adjust the impedance of tunable match network so that one or more ET characteristic to be based at least partially on one group of current operational conditions optimised。
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, it is provided that a kind of for assisting the system of envelope tracking, including: power amplifier, it is configured on emission band and operates with envelope tracking (ET) operator scheme；At least one wave filter, is configured to the output signal of power amplifier is filtered；First tunable match network, is configured to couple to power amplifier and is couple at least one wave filter；And control assembly, it is configured as detecting when power amplifier operates one group of current operational conditions of power amplifier with ET operator scheme, wherein this group current operational conditions includes current operating frequency, wherein control assembly to be additionally configured to send control signal to the first tunable match network in response to one group of detected operating condition, first tunable match network is additionally configured to adjust the impedance of the first tunable match network in response to the control signal sent, so that one or more ET characteristics to be based at least partially on one group of current operational conditions optimised。
Another aspect according to the disclosure, provide a kind of method assisting envelope tracking, comprise determining that the first state of the tunable match network being coupled to power amplifier, wherein this rate amplifier of merit is configured to operate in emission band with envelope tracking (ET) operator scheme, and wherein the first state optimizes one or more ET characteristics at first group of operating condition place of power amplifier；And determine the second state of the tunable match network being coupled to power amplifier, its intermediate power amplifier is configured to operate in emission band with ET operator scheme, and wherein the second state optimizes one or more ET characteristics at second group of operating condition place of power amplifier。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary envelope tracking (ET) system or equipment。
Fig. 2 show according to various aspects described herein, assist ET and include the block diagram of another system or equipment of feed back receiver。
Fig. 3 show according to various aspects described herein, assist ET and include the block diagram of another system or equipment of power amplifier (PA) and at least one wave filter。
Fig. 4 show according to various aspects described herein, assist ET and include the block diagram of another system or equipment of PA, at least one wave filter and feed back receiver。
Fig. 5 shows according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET and provide the block diagram of another system or equipment of additional impedance matching。
Fig. 6 shows the block diagram of the example embodiment according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET system or equipment。
Fig. 7 shows the block diagram of the example embodiment of the system or equipment according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET replacement。
Fig. 8 shows the block diagram of example embodiment according to another system or equipment various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET and non-ET pattern。
Fig. 9 shows the flow chart according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET method。
Figure 10 shows the flow chart according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET alternative。
Figure 11 show according to various aspects described herein, optimize before and after as frequency function optimize ET postpone diagram。
Figure 12 shows amplitude-amplitude distortion (AMAM) according to various aspects described herein, at 887MHz place and amplitude-phase distortion (AMPM) responds the diagram of cloud (clouding)。
Figure 13 show according to various aspects described herein, by optimizing the diagram of AMAM and the AMPM response of the cloud at 991MHz place with reduction。
Figure 14 shows the block diagram of the exemplary user equipment used in combinations with various aspects described herein。
Figure 15 shows the block diagram of the power amplifier (PA) that can operate in ET pattern in conjunction with various aspects described herein。
Detailed description of the invention
Describing the disclosure referring now to accompanying drawing, wherein similar label is all the time in order to refer to similar components, and the structure that there is shown and equipment are not drawn necessarily to scale。As it is used herein, term " assembly ", " system ", " interface " etc. are intended to refer to the entity relevant to computer, hardware, (such as executory) software and/or firmware。Such as, assembly can be have the process, controller, object, executable code, program, storage device, computer, flat board PC and/or the mobile phone that run on the processor (such as microprocessor, controller or other process equipment) of process equipment, processor。By the mode illustrated, the application and service device run on the server can also be assembly。One or more assemblies may reside within in-process, and assembly may be located on computer and/or is distributed between two or more computers。Can being described herein as a set of pieces or one group of other assembly, term therein " a group " can be interpreted " one or more "。
Additionally, the various computer-readable recording mediums that these assemblies can store various data structure (such as storing with module) from it perform。Assembly can be communicated by locally and/or remotely process, such as according to have one or more packet signal (such as, from via signal and other component interaction in local system, distributed system and/or across a network (such as the Internet, LAN, wide area network or similar network) or with the data of an assembly of other system interaction)。
As another example, assembly can be have the specific concrete device provided by the mechanical component passing through electrically or electronically circuit operation, and wherein electrically or electronically circuit can be operated by software application or the firmware application performed by one or more processors。One or more processors at device interiorly or exteriorly, and can perform at least some of of software or firmware application。As another example, assembly can be through electronic component provides specific function without the device of mechanical component；Electronic component can include one or more processor wherein to perform to give at least in part software and/or the firmware of the function of electronic component。
Exemplary word is used to be intended to present in a concrete fashion concept。As used in this application, term "or" is intended to mean that inclusive "or" rather than exclusiveness "or"。It is to say, unless otherwise specified or can know from context and learn, " X adopts A or B " is intended to indicate that any natural inclusive arranges。If it is to say, X adopts A；X adopts B；Or X adopts both A and B, then " X adopts A or B " what above example in office is satisfied。Additionally, article " " and " one " are used in the application and appended claims generally should be interpreted to represent " one or more ", clearly learn that it is directed to singulative unless otherwise specified or from the context。Additionally, when term " including ", " comprising ", " having ", " having ", " with " or when its variant uses in detail specifications or claim, such term is intended in the way of being similar to term " including " to represent include。
A significant challenge in envelope tracking (ET) is radio frequency (RF) envelope and the strict time synchronization of instantaneous power amplifier (PA) service voltage (it is instantaneous RF envelope function)。Such as, for Long Term Evolution frequency band 20 (LTE-20), postpone precision and be about 1ns。If violating delay precision, then adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) hydraulic performance decline and memory effect can be introduced in chain。
Many factors are depended in delay between RF envelope and instantaneous PA service voltage, for instance, the delay etc. in the delay in RF signal path, the delay in ET signal path, ETDC-DC conversion (or tracker)。These factors can be caught sample variation and temperature-compensating are described by factory calibrated, to explain the delay drift varied with temperature。
Delay between RF envelope and instantaneous PA service voltage is referred to herein as " ET delay "。ET postpones to be different from RF group delay, and it is to be caused by the phase shift (～Δ (phase place)/Δ (frequency)) of frequency dependence, introduces offset delay in RF envelope。
PA behavior in ET system is had appreciable impact by the interaction between wave filter (such as, the emission filter of duplexer) and PA。Duplexer is substantially the implementation of multiple wave filter: at least one combining in the way of the phase shifter receives (RX) wave filter and at least one launches (TX) wave filter。Each in these wave filter can include multiple resonator to realize suitable filter characteristic。
But, if PA is loaded by with providing the duplexer or the like (band filter etc. such as used) that have across the fast-changing phase place of frequency and the load impedance of amplitude in conjunction with time division duplex (TDD) transmission mode, then multiple ET characteristics are affected。Such as, ET postpones and gain will depend upon which tranmitting frequency, and amplitude-amplitude distortion (AMAM) and amplitude-phase distortion (AMPM) respond cloud (clouding), it means that AMAM and AMPM response will be divided into multiple response according to envelope instantaneous frequency。It addition, it is also possible that these ET characteristics (such as ET delay etc.) are changed in modulation bandwidth, this causes the ACLR deterioration that cannot be corrected easily by traditional method and device。
ET based on frequency postpones to postpone dispersion (similarly, being also referred to herein as the change in gain with frequency or gain dispersion based on the gain of frequency) referred to herein as ET delay variation or the ET with frequency。It is caused by the harmful interaction between ET system (it can include power amplifier and ETDC-DC transducer) and at least one wave filter coupled (the TX wave filter etc. of such as duplexer) that ET postpones dispersion。At least one wave filter coupled (the TX wave filter etc. of such as duplexer), on the basic effect (it not yet can not desired by conventional ET method and apparatus) that the impact of multiple ET characteristics (such as ET postpones dispersion, gain disperses, AMAM and AMPM responds cloud, ACLR etc.) is in ET, still hinders further ET to develop。It addition, ET characteristic can be subject to the impact of other operating condition (such as temperature, to the nearness of user of antenna etc., other material, etc.) in the way of conventional ET technology is not solved by。
Some subscriber equipmenies have employed the PA with integrated duplexer (PAD model)。To a certain extent, the duplexer negative effect to ET characteristic can be alleviated including PAD model, but compare various aspect described herein and want more expensive and efficiency is lower。The manufacturer of the integrated permission PAD of duplexer is optimized the interface between PA and duplexer relative to ET performance。But, traditional optimization is task consuming time, it is necessary to the profound understanding to the interaction between PA and duplexer。Due to cost, PAD module is only with in high-end user equipment。
In addition, many subscriber equipmenies are (such as, lower-cost subscriber equipment etc.) manufacturer generally adopt outside, the duplexer that separates to be as far as possible to reduce cost, this is owing to duplexer is that main cost driver in a user device is (in multiband equipment, the quantity of duplexer increases with the quantity of the frequency band supported and increases, and is easy to exceed the price of RF transceiver and PA)。But, discrete duplexer is adopted in applying at ET, unless the interface between duplexer and power amplifier is optimised, the performance of ET system (such as in current drain, ACLR etc.) will be deteriorated, and be likely to be not better than succedaneum (such as APT)。This optimization can complete via the matching network on printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB)。But as discussed above, conventional optimization is probably consuming time and needs the profound understanding to ET system。
Additionally, traditional optimisation technique initial optimization PA and duplexer interface, and apply identical static matching when all operations, for instance for whole emission band。Just because of this, although the performance under some operating condition (part for such as emission band, temperature etc.) is acceptable, under other operating condition, (other parts of such as emission band, temperature reduction etc.) ET characteristic is likely to be deteriorated。In broadband connections pattern, the feature of the ET of deterioration becomes apparent from。
There is discussed herein and come by the interface optimizing between PA and at least one wave filter to assist the system of envelope tracking, method and apparatus based on one group of current operational conditions (it can include, for instance one or more in current operating frequency, Current Temperatures etc.)。
With reference to Fig. 1, thus it is shown that the block diagram according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary envelope tracking (ET) system 100。System 100 includes tunable (tunable) matching network 102 and controls assembly 104。Tunable match network 102 can include inductance element and adjustable or tunable capacity cell, it may for example comprise multiple switchable capacitors or or the switched capacitor network of one or more varactor。The PA that can operate in ET pattern can be coupled with at least one wave filter by tunable match network 102 via input 106 and output 108。Alternately, tunable match network 102 can pass through to be inserted at least one wave filter sent in path and be couple to PA and at least one wave filter later, and substitute be coupled at least one wave filter via input 106。Similarly, although there is tunable match network between and the embodiment discussed PA and at least one wave filter in a transmission path shown in conjunction with Fig. 2-8 and Figure 15, it is possible to adopt wherein tunable match network 102 or 1517 to be arranged the alternate embodiment after at least one wave filter in a transmission path。
Control assembly 104 can detect the PA that is couple to tunable match network 102 when previous group operating condition。When previous group operating condition can include one or more current operating frequency, temperature or affects the other factors of impedance matching between PA and at least one wave filter, including the condition of the input impedance (such as touching antenna etc.) affecting target PA load or at least one wave filter。Based on when previous group operating condition, control the impedance that the tunable match network 102 of the characteristic optimizing one or more ET determined by assembly 104, it can include ET delay variation along with frequency (ET postpones dispersion), respond cloud, ACLR etc. along with the change in gain (gain dispersion) of frequency, AMAM and AMPM。
Based on determined impedance, control assembly 104 can send control signal (such as control word etc.) 110 and arrive tunable match network 102。In response to receiving control signal 110, tunable match network 102 can adjust its impedance to mate determined impedance。In determined impedance place, tunable match network 102 maps the input impedance of at least one wave filter (such as, the emission filter of duplexer in FDD (FDD) embodiment, the duplexer in time division duplex (TDD) embodiment band filter) to target PA load impedance, with by minimizing the phase place along with frequency or amplitude variations based on the amplitude of the signal by the reflection caused from the mismatch between PA and at least one wave filter, thus optimizing one or more ET characteristic。The amplitude of reflected signal is more high, reflected signal tolerable, along with phase place or the amplitude variations of frequency will be more low。Minimize the phase place along with frequency or amplitude variations to be reached by following in both one: minimize reflection (if there's almost no reflection, then the phase place along with frequency of reflected signal changes unimportant), or minimize in the phase place along with frequency or amplitude variations。In aspects herein described, according to one group of current operational conditions, the impedance of tunable match network can change to minimize this phase place along with frequency or amplitude variations。In contrast, in the conventional system with static matching, then it is difficult to even not be likely to mate the multiple input impedance of wave filter with the multiple resonance in broader frequency range。
Generally, the determined impedance of tunable match network 102 is different from and will be optimized the linearity of PA performance or the conventional sense of efficiency or the PA performance when operating in non-ET pattern by himself。But, by optimizing one or more ET characteristic, determined state can have bigger overall efficiency, and this is due to the efficiency gain of improvement from ET pattern when one or more ET characteristics operation to optimize。Such as, postpone (such as with the ET of frequency by optimizing in the PA current frequency range (or other condition) operated wherein, by making ET postpone dispersion to being smooth or linear when previous group operating condition), the tracking (adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) etc. such as improved) with better linear characteristic is provided, maximize the efficiency gain from ET, and increase the whole efficiency of its combination。On the contrary, when there is no optimization as discussed in this article, if ET postpones have skew or display along with the strong variations of modulation bandwidth relative to optimal delay, then follow the trail of quality will deteriorate, cause such as higher ACLR value, up to the level violating 3GPP (third generation partner program) specification。Although in some respects, ET Optimized Matching as described herein is likely to the peak efficiencies of deterioration power amplifier, and it will improve ET system linearity characteristic, thus obtaining better ACLR etc.。Owing to PA is still operating near its peak efficiencies, but effectively can operate in whole emission band in ET pattern, compared with the PA (there is a large amount of surplus (headroom) relative to its saturation power) operated in APT pattern, gain will be there is in system effectiveness, the Figure 11 being discussed in more detail below, it is shown that according to described herein various in optimization before (grey data Points And lines figure) and according to described herein various in optimization after (solid black lines and phantom line segments) frequency function example ET postpone。If be clear that from Figure 11, after the optimization, along with having less variance before the optimization ET retardation ratio optimization of frequency, and linear with each indicated subband。
In conjunction with other example ET characteristic, strong change in gain or high-gain gradient (such as every 5MHz1dB etc.) with frequency indicate owing to the PA of filter impedance (emission filter etc. of such as duplexer) pulls (pulling)。This will cause the memory effect in broadband signal, and it may be regarded as the cloud of AMAM and AMPM response。AMAM and the AMPM increased responds Yun Huake and causes the Signal Degrade in the bit error rate and analogue signal increased in asymmetric ACLR characteristic, digital signal。Therefore, by optimizing the change in gain with frequency (such as, by gain dispersion to being smooth or linear when previous group operating condition) or respond cloud (such as with AMAM and the AMPM of frequency, by tightening up cloudization to such as opening etc. less than 1dB), memory effect can reduce and performance is improved (such as, the relatively low bit error rate etc.)。Figure 12 and Figure 13 being discussed in more detail below, it is shown that AMAM and AMPM response cloud (Figure 12) not optimized as discussed herein and AMAM and the AMPM with optimization as discussed herein responds the example of cloud (Figure 13)。Such as what can find out from the comparison of Figure 12 and Figure 13, optimize as discussed in this article and can be substantially improved AMAM and AMPM response cloud。
Along with the change of one group of current operational conditions, optimize that the impedance of one or more ET characteristic is equally possible to be changed potentially。By providing the tunable matched filter 102 (as by controlling detected by assembly 104 and in response to control signal 110) that can regulate its impedance based on one group of current operational conditions, contrary with legacy system, system 100 can optimize one or more ET characteristics in possible operation condition and range (such as first-class at the whole emission band of PA)。
On the one hand, the emission band of PA can be divided into two or more subband, thus each subband in two or more subbands can be associated with unique impedance of the tunable match network 102 of the one or more ET characteristics optimized on subband。In these areas, once control assembly 104 detect in the first subband in two or more subband or basic in the first subband (such as, more than 50% etc.) PA operation, control assembly 104 and just can send the first control signal, and adjustable matching network 102 just can adjust its impedance to the first impedance, the first impedance optimizes the one or more ET characteristics on the first subband。Similarly, once control assembly 104 detect or basic the first subband in two or more subbands in PA operation, control assembly 104 and just can send the second control signal, and adjustable matching network 102 just can adjust its impedance to the second impedance, the first impedance optimizes the one or more ET characteristics on the second subband。In certain, additional subband, control signal and impedance can also (such as, the three, the 4th etc.) adopt in a similar fashion。
How the size of each subband (and in certain, the number of subband) can change as the function of frequency based on the input impedance of at least one wave filter and therefore how one or more ET characteristics vary with frequency and determine。Because each at least one wave filter includes one or more resonator, the input impedance of wave filter can change with frequency, and ET characteristic (such as ET delay etc.) can change rapider than in other frequency range in some frequency ranges。ET characteristic change wherein in more rapid frequency range, it is possible to use less subband improves the optimization in these frequency ranges。One or both in many aspects, the mid frequency of subband and size can be based at least partially on one or more ET characteristic and how change according to frequency and select。In in other respects, it is also possible to be based at least partially on how one or more ET characteristic changes the quantity selecting subband according to frequency。
System 100 (and other system of auxiliary ET discussed herein and equipment), can with various subscriber equipmenies, assembly, or any in communication standard adopts together, such as with any PA technology (such as, GaAs, CMOS (CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) can adopt quasiconductor), SOI (silicon-on-insulator) etc.) adopt together, configure (such as with various assemblies, independent PA and (one or more) wave filter, PAD module, it is integrated in all or the duplexer etc. that separates) with antenna, single band or multiband and/or multi-mode configuration adopt together, or with any communication standard or agreement (such as, FDD or TDD, any wireless standard, such as 3G, CDMA (CDMA), LTE (Long Term Evolution) etc.) adopt together。
With reference to Fig. 2, it is shown that according to various aspects described herein, assist ET and include the block diagram of another system 200 of feed back receiver 202。Except tunable match network 102 and control assembly 104, system 200 can include feed back receiver 202 and ET analytic unit 206。
Feed back receiver 202 can via at least one wave filter or via from least one wave filter accept filter output signal other assembly (such as, antenna port, coupler, antenna etc.) receive transmitting signal 204。ET analytic unit 206 can be analyzed transmission signal and determine at least one in one or more ET characteristics。
In many aspects, one or more test signals can provide via tunable match network 102, and receives at feed back receiver 202 (being come by least one wave filter etc.)。For the operating condition organized (such as more, frequency or frequency range, temperature etc.) in each, being chosen of the different impedances of tunable match network 102, and ET analytic unit 206 can analyze the one or more test signals received, which impedance to determine the operating condition tunable match network 102 given for a group optimizes one or more ET characteristics。In many aspects, one or more searching algorithms (such as binary search etc.) may be utilized and promote the efficiency of the impedance determining the optimization of operating condition one or more ET characteristic given for a group。Impedance for the one or more ET characteristic of optimization of operating condition one group given can be stored in control assembly 104 or in the memorizer (such as look-up table etc.) being associated。This can be repeated for many group operating conditions, until impedance is determined for the often group operating condition in many group operating conditions。Once when previous group operating condition is mated with a group in many group operating conditions, control assembly 104 and just can send corresponding control signal 110 to tunable match network 102 correspondingly to adjust its impedance。
In each side adopting subband, subband (and size and mid frequency) can be determined in a similar fashion, as tunable match network 102 optimizes the frequency range of the first impedance of the one or more ET characteristics being associated with the first subband by it。Tunable match network 102 optimizes the frequency range of the second impedance of the one or more ET characteristics being associated with the first subband by it。
In some respects, determine that for operating condition one group given (such as, in the factory, as a part for initial optimization etc.) can only occur once to optimize one or more ET characteristics, tunable match network 102 impedance。But in other side, this can occur repeatedly, for instance, as a part for the startup of subscriber equipment or (powerup) sequence that powers on that include system 200, or occur termly。In the embodiment not including feed back receiver 202 and ET analytic unit 206, it is possible to use external testing assembly adopts the similar procedure determining the impedance optimizing one or more ET characteristics。
With reference to Fig. 3, it is shown that according to various aspects described herein, assist ET and include the block diagram of another system 300 of power amplifier (PA) 302 and at least one wave filter 310。Except assembly described above, system 300 can include PA302, ET system 306 and at least one wave filter 310。RF signal 304 is provided to PA302 and ET system 306。According to ET aspect described herein, the PA302 of the variable service voltage 308 instantaneous envelope to following the trail of RF signal 304 can be provided based on RF signal 304, ET system, to remove voltage margin and to improve the efficiency of system 300。In discussed in this article, wave filter 310 the filtered output signal 312 exported can be analyzed, to determine the impedance of the tunable match network 102 for each group of one or more ET characteristic of optimization of operating condition。In certain embodiments, such analysis can perform via externally measured or test equipment, as being used for controlling the disposable calibration (such as, at first in factory etc.) of assembly 104。In other embodiments, internal measurement or test equipment can perform this analysis (such as, feed back receiver 202 and ET analytic unit 204 etc.), or based on disposable, or by based on multiple occasions。The determined impedance for one or more ET characteristics of each group of optimization of operating condition can be stored in control assembly 104 (such as, in look-up table, algorithm etc.)。It addition, RF signal 304 is provided to control assembly 104, it can analyze RF signal 304, and be based at least partially on the analysis for RF signal 304 and determine when previous group operating condition。
PA302 discussed in this article or other power amplifier can be such as the assemblies of radiofrequency launcher/receptor or other communication equipment。These power amplifiers can be configured to receive envelope service voltage or modulation service voltage based on envelope tracking path, to guarantee that operation is able to continuous adjustment, thus requiring power amplifier to be operated in peak efficiency for given instantaneous output or vicinity work。These power amplifiers, for instance the first input being couple to envelope tracking path can be included, and be couple to the second input that main signal processes path, that be different from the first input。Second input, for instance may be used for receiving the upper conversion obtained from the signal processing of the one or more input signals (such as radio frequency (RF) signal, acoustical signal or other communications input signal) to system or lower conversion signal。
In one aspect, envelope tracking path (path by ET system 306) includes the delay being configured to regulate described envelope tracking path to process, with main signal, the variable delay assembly (it can be the sub-component of ET system 306) that path is corresponding。Arrange or calibration when postponing generally during manufacture or manufacturing。But, change can such as from envelope tracking path relative to main signal process path delay initially calibrate generation, for instance aging, path interference, technique, voltage or temperature (PVT) dependency etc.。In many aspects, Delay Element dynamically can be calibrated or recalibration during the activity pattern when when the work operated after manufacturing calibration or field condition, or can be calibrated as initial calibration the during manufacturing。
With reference to Fig. 4, it is shown that according to various aspects described herein, assist ET and include the block diagram of another system 400 of PA302, at least one wave filter 310 and feed back receiver 202。Except assembly described above, system 400 can also include the duplexer 402 being couple at least one wave filter 310, and can to provide, to feed back receiver 202 and antenna (not shown), the coupler 404 launching signal 204 via the antenna port (not shown) being configured to be couple to antenna。Feed back receiver 202 can receive transmitting signal 204, and provides it to ET analytic unit 206。ET analytic unit 206 can analyze the transmitting signal 204 received to determine one or more ET characteristic。By analyzing one or more ET characteristic, ET analytic unit 206 may determine that how one or more ET characteristic changes based on the change of the change in current operational conditions or the impedance of tunable match network 102。In all fields, feed back receiver 202 and ET analytic unit 206 may be determined for that organizes current operational conditions (such as more, all, or in desired extent (one or more) frequency range of operating condition, (one or more) temperature range etc.), in other set of many groups etc.) optimize the impedance of the tunable match network 102 of one or more ET characteristic。Such as, for first group of current operational conditions, the impedance of tunable match network 102 can change, and the transmitting signal 204 generated can be received by feed back receiver 202 and be analyzed by ET analytic unit 206, until the impedance of tunable match network 102 is found to be the current operating state for given first group and optimizes one or more ET characteristics。This process can for second group of current operational conditions (such as, and the potential the 3rd, the fourth class) be repeated, until each in the front operating condition group of abundant quantity is associated with the impedance of tunable match network 102 optimizing one or more ET characteristics。
With reference to Fig. 5, it is shown that according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET and provide the block diagram of another system 500 of additional impedance matching。Except assembly described above, system 500 can also include the second tunable match network 502。In in every respect, second tunable match network 502 such as, can minimize the impedance mismatching between at least one wave filter 310 and antenna by the impedance of antenna is mapped to reference impedance (its reference impedance that can be used for optimizing with tunable match network 102 one or more ET characteristic is similar or identical) in the input of antenna tuner。In other side, the second tunable match network 502 can be set to maximize the impedance via tunable match network 502 and the power of the final signal sent by antenna。
With reference to Fig. 6, it is shown that the block diagram according to the example embodiment of various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET system 600。Except assembly described above, system 600 also include transceiver ic 602, RF signal generator 604, ET system 306 ET control assembly 606 and ET assembly 608, base band (BB) IC610 and antenna 612。System 600 can include Base-Band Processing (BB) integrated circuit (IC) 610, antenna 612 and RF front end (including the assembly except BBIC610 and antenna 612 of system 600)。In example embodiment shown in figure 6, transceiver ic 602 can include controlling assembly 104, feed back receiver 202, ET analytic unit 206, RF signal generator 604 and ET and control assembly 606, but in various embodiments, these assemblies need not on transceiver ic 602 or co-located with it。
Except performing the Base-Band Processing to lower converted received signal, baseband I C610 can generate and coded baseband signal is for follow-up upper conversion and the transmission via system 600。The assembly except BBIC610 and antenna 612 of system 600 can include RF front end, and baseband signal is carried out upper conversion and amplifies to transmit via antenna 612 by it。RF signal generator 604 can to being modulated from the baseband I C610 baseband signal received or upper conversion is to generate RF signal 304。ET system 306 can provide variable supply voltage V to the PA302 of the instantaneous envelope following the trail of RF signal 304CC308。ET controls assembly 606 and analyzes RF signal 304, and determines and to provide the ET control signal (V to ET assembly 608_control)。Based on the ET control signal V received_control, ET assembly 608 generates the variable service voltage (V of the instantaneous envelope following the trail of RF signal 304CC) 308。As discussed above, the input impedance of at least one wave filter 310 has across the fast-changing phase place of frequency and amplitude, owing to PA302 amplifies RF signal in multiple parts of transmission band, affect the performance of the combination of ET system 306 and PA302 in many ways, and change the load characteristic of PA302。Just because of this, tunable match network 102 can be included, it can selectively change the load characteristic of PA302 by adjusting the impedance of tunable match network 102, to optimize one or more ET characteristic (such as, ET postpones dispersion, gain dispersion etc.)。Controlling assembly 104 can based on the suitable impedance determining tunable match network 102 when previous group operating condition (its can include in the frequency range of RF signal 304, temperature etc. one or more)。Based on such analysis, controlling assembly 104 may determine that the suitable impedance of tunable match network 102 and send control signal (Control_Tuner_Bus) 110 to tunable match network 102, its impedance can be adjusted to suitable value by tunable match network 102 subsequently。By optimizing one or more ET characteristic, system (can be transmitted even for broadband) on its whole emission band and realize the whole efficiency gain from ET system。Antenna 612 can to one or more wireless devices (such as access point, access terminal, radio port, router etc., it can work in radio access network or other communication network generated via the network equipment) send signal, and receive signal from one or more wireless devices。
With reference to Fig. 7, it is shown that the block diagram according to system 700 example embodiment of various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET replacement。System 700 is the embodiment similar to system 600, but additionally comprises antenna tuner or the second matching network 502, as mentioned above。
With reference to Fig. 8, it is shown that the block diagram according to the example embodiment of another system 800 various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET and non-ET pattern。Except assembly described above, system 800 can also include non-ET system 802, for providing non-ET service voltage 804 according to different operator schemes (such as, different electrical power management technique (such as APT) etc.) to PA302。Model selection assembly 806 includes one or more switch, for instance transistor switch or other switch element, for instance can be used for the single-pole double throw of switching, double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.), DPDT between ET system 306 or non-ET system 802 or other similar switch module。Control assembly 104 and can receive the mode select signal of instruction current mode (such as, ET pattern, non-ET pattern etc.) from model selection assembly 806。When system operates in ET pattern, control assembly 104 can substantially operate as described elsewhere herein, analyze one group of current operational conditions to determine a suitable impedance, and send control signals to tunable match network 102 to regulate its impedance, optimize the one or more ET characteristics for given one group of current operational conditions with suitable impedance。In addition, but once the operation of non-ET pattern be detected, what control that assembly 104 can send replacement controls signal to tunable match network 102 to regulate its impedance, thus regulating its impedance to optimize the load characteristic of PA302 for constant service voltage, rather than optimizes one or more ET characteristic。Once the operation (such as, subsequently etc.) of ET pattern be detected, controlling assembly 104 and just can return one group of current operational conditions of analysis, it is determined that suitable impedance is to optimize the characteristic of one or more ET, and sends control signal based on this。
Although the method described in the disclosure is illustrated and is described herein as a series of actions or event, but it is to be understood that shown such action or the sequence of event should do not explained with restrictive meaning。Such as, some actions can by with those illustrate and/or describe different order occur and/or occur with other action or the event independent of those actions illustrated and described herein or event simultaneously。Additionally, also the action shown in not all is required for realizing one or more embodiments described herein or aspect。Additionally, one or more action described herein can in one or more independent actions and/or carry out in the stage。
With reference now to Fig. 9, it is shown that the flow chart according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET method 900。Method 900 starts from 902, wherein determine the first state of tunable match network (such as, impedance etc.), the first state of tunable match network optimizes one or more ET characteristic for running first group of operating condition (frequency such as operated or in frequency range, temperature etc. one or more) of the PA coupled in transmission band in ET pattern。
At 904 places, method 900 may include that the second state of the tunable match network determining the one or more ET characteristic of second group of optimization of operating condition for the PA coupled。Alternatively, additional state (such as, the 3rd, the fourth class) can be determined, to optimize one or more ET characteristic for many group additional operations conditions (such as, the 3rd, the fourth class)。
In many aspects, the emission band of the PA coupled can be subdivided into two or more subband, and organize operating condition more and can include to the operation in stator strip。In this case, first state can be the state optimizing the one or more ET characteristics in the first subband in two or more subbands, and the second state can be the state optimizing the one or more ET characteristics in the second subband in two or more subbands。Optimize one or more ET characteristic may include that variance so that ET characteristic linearly or smooth (or determining the state minimizing variance for given one group of operating condition)。In this case, first state can for first group of operating condition (such as, it can include the operation in the first subsegment) minimize the variance of ET characteristic, and the second state can minimize (such as, it can include the operation in the second subsegment) variance of ET characteristic for second group of operating condition。
With reference to Figure 10, it is shown that the flow chart according to various aspects described herein, auxiliary ET other method 1000。Method 1000 starts from 1002, wherein determines the first state of tunable match network, to optimize one or more ET characteristics of the PA coupled under the first of the operation included in the first subband group of PA operating condition。
1004, it is determined that the second state of tunable match network, to optimize one or more ET characteristics of the PA coupled under the second of the operation included in the second subband group of PA operating condition。
1006, it is based at least partially on the frequency association of one or more ET characteristic and determines the mid frequency of the first and second subbands and size (such as, based on ET postpone dispersion, gain dispersion etc.)。
With reference to Figure 11, it is shown that according to various aspects described herein, before and after optimizing, optimize the ET diagram postponed as the function of frequency。As it has been described above, a significant challenge of conventional ET system is filter characteristic, and the harmful interaction between PA He (one or more) wave filter (such as, the TX wave filter etc. of duplexer)。(one or more) wave filter introduces the PA load impedance with frequency height correlation, the change of its notable impedance being characterized in that in amplitude and phase place, and the frequency of filter resonance particularly occurs at this place。It is likely to from its effect caused be that the ET of optimization postpones to be likely to largely change with emission band, or the upper quickly change of relatively small part (such as, close to one or more filter resonance places) even at emission band。
In Figure 11, Grey Numbers strong point and curve chart illustrate each optimization ET delay recording frequency place when not optimizing as discussed in this article across transmission band。In the example depicted in fig. 11, based on the measurement to the ET system including PA and duplexer, there is the notable ET delay variation in the span of a few MHz。This good performance made on whole emission band in ET pattern is difficult to or is not even likely to realize。The reason of delay variation is the mismatch of the input impedance with duplexer。The PA load impedance that this ET delay variation better can mate with generation by changing the coupling between PA and duplexer for ET characteristic is reduced, for instance have the PA load impedance of the less phase with frequency。
Figure 11 also show according to various aspects described herein, example division that emission band is divided into subband。Segmentation can based on the ET delay variation with frequency, and it is caused by least one wave filter (in the example of fig. 11, for the emission filter of duplexer)。ET postpones in the frequency range sharply changed with frequency wherein, it is possible to use less subband size (such as, having more subband etc. in those frequency ranges)。
In the embodiment adopting subband, tunable match can be used for the coupling between the PA output optimizing at least one wave filter (such as, the emission filter etc. of duplexer) and each subband。Less frequency range is covered, it is easier to optimize the ET characteristic in each subband owing to comparing each subband of whole emission band。In ET delay is scattered, this will reduce ET delay variation, and produce substantially flat ET lag characteristic (such as, the ET in each subband postpones, and the minimum ET delay variation etc. between subband)。Equally, other ET characteristic (such as, gain disperses, and AMAM and AMPM responds Yun Hua etc.) also will be optimised on whole emission band。
The solid black lines of Figure 11 illustrates that ET after the optimization to each subband, as the function of the frequency in each subband postpones。Dotted line instruction postpones based on the ET outside each subband of the optimization to the subband being associated with solid line, if launching the bandwidth size beyond subband of signal, this is relevant。Note after optimization, be not only and postpone to be linear with the ET of frequency, and with the ET of the frequency variance postponed also significant reduction。
With reference to Figure 12, illustrate when not according to described herein various in optimization, amplitude-amplitude distortion (AMAM) (1200 place) at 887MHz place and Amplitude-Phase distortion (AMPM) (1210 place) respond the diagram of cloud。If PA is loaded by least one wave filter, then owing to the gain of the resonance PA at least one wave filter described and AMAM and AMPM characteristic can significantly change in transmission bandwidth。As it has been described above, represent owing to the PA of filter impedance pulls with the strong change in gain of frequency, this memory effect that will cause in may be regarded as the broadband signal of cloud of AMAM and AMPM response, this can cause asymmetric and the ACLR characteristic of deterioration, increase the bit error rate etc.
With reference now to Figure 13, it is shown that when based on optimization according to various aspects described herein, there is at 991MHz place the diagram that the AMAM (1300 place) and AMPM (1310 place) of the cloud of reduction respond。Responding contrary with AMAM and AMPM in Figure 12, AMAM and the AMPM response in Figure 13 illustrates compact cloud (such as, having the opening less than 1dB)。
With reference to Figure 14, it is shown that can assist and the illustrative user device utilized together with the system of envelope tracking described by various aspects, method or equipment or mobile communication equipment 1400。Subscriber equipment 1400, for instance include to be couple to data storage or the digital baseband processor 1402 of memorizer 1403, front end 1404 (such as RF front end, audio frequency front end or other similar front end) and being used for being connected to multiple antenna 14061To 1406kMultiple antenna ports 1407 of (k is positive integer)。Antenna 14061To 1406kCan receive and send from or go to the signal of one or more wireless device (it can access operation in network or other communication network in the wireless points generated via the network equipment, for instance access point, access terminal, radio port, router etc.)。Subscriber equipment 1400 could be for transmitting the RF equipment of radio frequency (RF) signal, being used for transmitting the audiofrequency apparatus of sound signal or other signal communications any, for instance is operable to the computer, personal digital assistant, mobile phone or smart phone, flat board PC, modem, notebook, router, switch, transponder, PC, the network equipment, base station or the similar devices that communicate according to one or more different communication protocols or standard with network or miscellaneous equipment。
Front end 1404 can include communications platform, multiplexer/demultiplexer assembly 1412 and modulating/demodulating assembly 1414, and wherein communications platform includes for the signal receiving via one or more receptors or transmitter 1408 or sending being processed, handles or shaping and the electronic component that provides and the circuit being associated。Front end 1404 is such as coupled to digital baseband processor 1402 and one group of antenna port 1407, wherein, and one group of antenna 14061To 1406kIt can be a part for front end。On the one hand, subscriber equipment 1400 can include the operation of PA system 1410, PA system 1410 and comes and Delay Element provides the envelope tracking path of PA and main signal to process the delay between path together。Delay can such as be calibrated by dynamically (weight) according to the feedback path from PA output。In many aspects, the load of PA system 1410 can come (such as by tunable match network as described herein) based on one group of current operational conditions and regulate to optimize ET characteristic based on this group current operational conditions。
Subscriber equipment 1400 can also include the processor 1402 or the controller that may operate to provide or control one or more assemblies of subscriber equipment 1400。The such as each side according to the disclosure, processor 102 can give function to the substantially any electronic building brick in subscriber equipment 1400 at least in part。Exemplarily, processor can be configured as multi-mode operation chipset (its based on input signal one or more characteristics, to provide different power to generate operation for the input signal of antenna port 1407, input terminal or other end), perform to control the executable instruction of the various patterns of PA system 1410 at least in part。
Processor 1402 may operate to so that subscriber equipment 1400 can process data (such as symbol, bit or chip), for using the multiplex/demultiplex of multiplex/demultiplex assembly 1412 or via the modulating/demodulating of modulating/demodulating assembly 1414, for instance perform between direct fast Flourier inverse transformation, the selection of modulation rate, the selection of data packet format, packet the time etc.。The data structure (such as metadata) of the various characteristics that memorizer 1403 can store and input signal with mark to RF for detection during generating at power, power exports or other component of signal is relevant, (one or more) code structure (such as module, object, class, process or the like) or instruction, the network of such as strategy and specification etc or the information of equipment, Additional Agreement, transmit for the code sequence of scrambling, diffusion and pilot tone (such as (one or more) reference signal), frequency shift (FS), community ID, and other data。
Processor 1402 functionally and/or communicatively coupled (such as passing through memory bus) with storage to memorizer 1403 or fetch the required information of operation and give function, thus giving function to other operating aspect substantially any of communications platform or front end 1404, PA system 1410 and PA system 1410 at least in part。In order to improve efficiency or the battery life of subscriber equipment 1400, PA system 1410 includes at least one power amplifier that can adopt envelope tracking pattern in RF front end 1404。Although the assembly in Figure 14 is diagram in the context of subscriber equipment, but such diagram is not limited to subscriber equipment but can be extended to other Wireless Telecom Equipments, such as base station, small-cell, Femto cell, macrocell, Microcell etc.。
With reference to Figure 15, it is shown that have the schematic block diagram of the envelope tracking system 1500 of power amplifier 1500 (it has be a part of input 1502 of envelope tracking path 1503 and be the signal input 1504 that generates a part for path 1510)。To be processed or that transmit input 1505 or input signal 1505 (such as, differential signal, single-ended signal, RF signal, acoustical signal or other similar signal of communication) can include, for instance in-phase component IINWith quadrature component QIN。Alternatively or additionally, input signal 1505 can include single signal or the differential signal of different-format。Input signal 1505 is generated path 1510 by signal and receives, and signal generates path 1510 and includes RF signal formation component 1512, variable gain element 1514, power amplifier (PA) 1516 and duplexer 1518。Signal formation component 1512 can be configured to perform frequency upooaversion, for instance from base band (BB) frequency range to radio-frequency region, or generates different conversion operations, for instance the digital to analogy conversion of input signal 1505。Variable gain element 1514 is configured to the output of signal formation component 1512 and variable gain (such as Krf) be multiplied, this variable gain generates the expected gain in path 1514 and arranges for realizing the whole signal to the part as power amplifier system 1500。Power amplifier 1516 amplifies the signal provided by variable gain unit 1514, and wherein the input power of PA1516 is PINAnd output is POUT。Amplified amplifier output signal (Pout) it is fed to duplexer 1518 via the tunable match network 1517 according to each side described herein subsequently, its signal separately sending and receiving in a frequency domain。At the antenna port of duplexer 1518, with the output P of power amplifier 1516OUTComparing, output signal typically somewhat microwave attenuation is to antenna power PANT。
An envelope tracking particular design target in system level is that PA1516 is relative to PA service voltage VCCAnd across smooth AMPM-and AMAM phase response (the PA service voltage V in this case of outputCCRefer to the voltage of the impact being subject to envelope tracking operation, for instance, the service voltage of 2PA level)。Abbreviation AMPM represents " amplitude arrive phase distortion " and AMAM representative of abridging " amplitude to amplitude distortion "。
Look-up table 1544 can be the part that envelope tracking path 1503 or service voltage process path, and it is depicted in main signal and generates on path 1510。Service voltage processes the part that path 1503 is also considered as the tracing system 1500 of envelope。Service voltage processes path 1503 can include vector to amplitude transducer 1532 (such as realizing cordic algorithm etc.)。The instantaneous size of input signal 1505 can be expressed as m (I, Q)=amplitude (I+JQ), and is forwarded to variable delay element 1534, and variable delay element 1534 is configured to make amplitude signal postpone TETTo help VCCIn change and signal to generate the envelope of RF signal in path 1510 Tong Bu。Service voltage processes path 1503 and also includes having variable gain KETVariable gain element 1536。Variable gain KETCan with the variable gain K of transmitter 1510rfSynchronize (clearly not figure 15 illustrates)。At summator 1542 place, input signal bias koffsetaIt was added before signal is provided to look-up table (LUT) 154。Look-up table 1544 realizes nonlinear transfer function, or the basic configuration of at least nonlinear transfer function。Service voltage processes path 1503 and also includes for applying variable gain k to the output signal of look-up table 1544VCCAnother variable gain element 1546。At another and element 1548 place, export signal bias koffsetpIt was added before signal is carried out digital to analogy conversion by envelope tracking digital-to-analog converter (ET-DAC) 1552。The analog output signal of ET-DAC1552 is provided to ET manipulator 1554 (such as the supply of ETDC-DC voltage) as variable or dynamic control signal, and makes ET manipulator 1554 provide corresponding service voltage V to envelope tracking power amplifier 1516CC, to provide output voltage or output signal with maximal efficiency。
The delay of Delay Element 1534 can such as, to processing the part in path 210 and envelope tracking path 1503 along main signal to part (part-to-part) sensitive, and to aging and PVT dependency sensitivity。Therefore, postpone to be calibrated during producing the communication equipment/transmitter/receiver/transceiver or power amplifier system 1500 including power amplifier system 1500。On the one hand, recalibration is dynamic, and in the active transmission process during the activity pattern of active transmission pattern or operation or in the active communications process of field apparatus, recalibration can be instant (on-the-fly) after the fabrication by power amplifier system 200 or assist in real time, in order to compensates aging effect, PVT dependency or other change。
In some instances, variable delay only can be calibrated once during factory calibrated, to 50ohm。But, factory's verification has following different restrictions: (1) postpones to change over, and (2) factory calibration procedure does not fully reflect the actual case (such as, antenna impedance changes relative to mobile device user position really) of mobile equipment according to mobile communication equipment。The change of antenna impedance also can affect PA behavior and (such as, for some antenna impedance PA, supply VCCMust increase to keep the output of antenna, and for other antenna impedance, PA supplies VCCNeed to reduce to reach identical output)。As a result of which it is, the actual delay of Delay Element 1534 or actual delay function are such as obeyed or deviate the target delay set up in calibration mode during factory calibrated, calibration mode is different from active transmission pattern in scene or thereafter。So, these changes such as can cause adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) or error vector magnitude (EVM) performance degradation。According to described various aspects, these conditions discussed above can pass through dynamically recanalization Delay Element TETThe delay of 1534 or delay function alleviate or avoid。
Some measures can be performed and compensate the change being likely to postpone。Power amplifier system 1500 can perform dynamic calibration or the setting to the Delay Element 1534 in envelope tracking path 1503 according to following item: the 1) recalibration during operation, in the active transmission or active power generation mode process of power amplifier；2) the instant recalibration when not disturbing mutually with the intrinsic information in the input signal 1505 (such as RF signal, acoustical signal or similar signal) received；3) when not interfering with the spectrum mask of input signal 1505, the impedance of instant recalibration or tunable match network 1517 can be adjusted to change ET and postpones and how other ET characteristic changes based on operating condition。Tunable match network 1517 can perform and tunable match network 102 identical function。Combine with the ET pattern of operation, such as tunable match network 1517 can receive control signal (such as control signal 110 etc.), and adjust its impedance to optimizing one or more ET characteristics (such as, ET delay, gain etc.) impedance, compensate the load characteristic that the height frequency of duplexer 1518 is relevant with phase place, and allow the efficiency gain of the raising from ET being with for whole transmission。
Example herein can include theme, such as method, the device of action or block for performing the method, the at least one machine readable media including executable instruction, make when being performed by machine (such as there is the processor etc. of memorizer) described machine perform according to described embodiment and example for use the device of multiple communication technology parallel communications or system or action。
Example 1 is a kind of system for envelope tracking, and it includes tunable match network and controls assembly。Tunable match network is configured to couple at least one wave filter and is couple to power amplifier, and this power amplifier is configured on emission band and operates with envelope tracking (ET) operator scheme。Control assembly and be configured as power amplifier operation when operate with ET operator scheme, detect one group of current operational conditions of power amplifier。This control assembly is also configured to send control signal to tunable match network in response to one group of detected current operational conditions。Tunable match network is also configured in response to the control signal sent to adjust the impedance of tunable match network, to be based at least partially on one group of current operational conditions to optimize one or more ET characteristic。
Example 2 includes the theme of example 1, and wherein, one group of current operational conditions includes current operating frequency。
Example 3 includes the theme any one of example 1 and 2, and wherein, one or more ET characteristics include the ET delay variation with frequency and with at least one in the change in gain of frequency。
Example 4 includes the theme any one of example 1-3, and wherein, one or more ET characteristics include: amplitude-amplitude distortion (AMAM) and the cloud of at least one in amplitude-phase distortion (AMPM)。
Example 5 includes the theme any one of example 1-4, and wherein, emission band includes two or more subbands。The first subband in two or more subbands includes ongoing frequency, and one or more ET characteristic is optimised in the first subband。
Example 6 includes any variant of the theme of example 5, including or omit optional element, wherein emission band is based at least partially on the frequency feedback of the input impedance of at least one wave filter to be divided into two or more subbands。
Example 7 includes the theme any one of example 1-6, and wherein this system also includes feed back receiver, and this feed back receiver is configured to receive the radio frequency (RF) exported via at least one wave filter and launches signal；And ET analytic unit, this ET analytic unit is configured to be based at least partially on launches the analysis of signal to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic to RF。
Example 8 includes any variant of the theme of example 7, including or omit optional element, wherein ET analytic unit be configured to be based at least partially in the one or more ET characteristic of one or more test signal at least one。
Example 9 includes any variant of the theme of example 7 or 8, including or omit optional element, wherein ET analytic unit is configured to during power-on sequence to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic。
Example 10 includes the theme any one of example 1-9, and wherein, at least one wave filter includes the emission filter of duplexer。
Example 11 includes the theme any one of example 1-10, and wherein, power amplifier is additionally configured to operate with non-ET operator scheme。Control assembly and be additionally configured to when detection power amplifier operates with non-ET operator scheme；And control assembly to be additionally configured in response to detecting that non-ET operator scheme sends the second control signal to tunable match network。Tunable match network is additionally configured in response to the second control signal sent to regulate the impedance of tunable match network, to maximize the output of power amplifier。
Example 12 includes the theme of example 1, and wherein, one or more ET characteristics include: the ET delay variation with frequency and the change in gain with frequency。
Example 13 includes the theme of example 1, and wherein, one or more ET characteristics include: amplitude-amplitude distortion (AMAM) and the cloud of at least one in amplitude-phase distortion (AMPM)。
Example 14 includes the theme of example 1, and wherein, emission band has two or more subbands。The first subband in two or more subbands includes ongoing frequency, and one or more ET characteristic is optimised in the first subband。
Example 15 includes the theme of example 14, and wherein, emission band is based at least partially on the frequency response of the input impedance of at least one wave filter to be divided into two or more subbands。
Example 16 includes the theme of example 1, and wherein, system also includes feed back receiver, and this feed back receiver is configured to receive the radio frequency (RF) exported via at least one wave filter and launches signal；And ET analytic unit, this ET analytic unit is configured to be based at least partially on launches the analysis of signal to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic to RF。
Example 17 includes the theme of example 16, and wherein, ET analytic unit is configured to be based at least partially on one or more test signal to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic。
Example 18 includes the theme of example 16, and wherein, ET analytic unit is configured to during power-on sequence to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic。
Example 19 includes the theme of example 1, and wherein, at least one wave filter includes the emission filter of duplexer。
Example 20 includes the theme of example 1, and wherein, power amplifier is configured to operate with non-ET operator scheme。Control assembly and be additionally configured to when detection power amplifier operates with non-ET operator scheme；And control assembly to be additionally configured in response to detecting that non-ET operator scheme sends the second control signal to tunable match network。Tunable match network is also configured in response to the second control signal sent to regulate the impedance of tunable match network, to maximize the output of power amplifier。
Example 21 is a kind of system for envelope tracking, and it includes power amplifier, at least one wave filter, the first tunable match network and controls assembly。Power amplifier is configured on emission band to operate with envelope tracking (ET) operator scheme。At least one wave filter is configured to the output signal of power amplifier is filtered。First tunable match network is configured to couple at least one wave filter and power amplifier。Control assembly and be configured to detect when power amplifier operates with ET operator scheme one group of current operational conditions of power amplifier。Control assembly to be also configured to send control signal to the first tunable match network in response to one group of detected operating condition。First tunable match network is additionally configured to adjust the impedance of the first tunable match network in response to the control signal sent, to be based at least partially on one group of current operational conditions to optimize one or more ET characteristic。
Example 22 includes the theme of example 21, and wherein, one group of current operational conditions includes current operating frequency。
Example 23 includes the theme of example 21, and wherein, one or more ET characteristics include: with the ET delay variation of frequency with at least one in the change in gain of frequency。
Example 24 includes the theme of example 21, and wherein, one or more ET characteristics include: amplitude-amplitude distortion (AMAM) and the cloud of at least one in amplitude-phase distortion (AMPM)。
Example 25 includes the theme any one of example 21-24, and wherein emission band includes two or more subbands。The first subband in two or more subbands includes ongoing frequency。One or more ET characteristics are optimised on the first subband。
Example 26 includes any variant of the theme of example 25, including or omit optional element, wherein, emission band is based at least partially on the frequency response of the input impedance of at least one wave filter to be divided into two or more subbands。
Example 27 includes the theme of example 21, and wherein, this system also includes the second tunable match network。Second tunable match network is configured to couple at least one wave filter and the antenna port being configured to couple to antenna mutually。The impedance mismatching that second tunable match network is additionally configured to when antenna is coupled to antenna port to minimize between at least one wave filter and antenna。
Example 28 includes the theme of example 21, and wherein, this system also includes feed back receiver, and this feed back receiver is configured to receive the radio frequency (RF) exported via at least one wave filter and launches signal；And ET analytic unit, this ET analytic unit is configured to be based at least partially on launches the analysis of signal to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic to RF。
Example 29 includes the theme of example 28, and wherein, ET analytic unit is configured to be based at least partially on one or more test signal to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic。
Example 30 includes the theme of example 28, and wherein, ET analytic unit is configured to during power-on sequence to determine at least one in one or more ET characteristic。
Example 31 includes the theme of example 21, and wherein, emission band includes two or more subbands。The first subband in two or more subbands includes ongoing frequency, and one or more ET characteristic is optimised on the first subband。
Example 32 includes the theme of example 31, and wherein, emission band is based at least partially on the frequency response of the input impedance of at least one wave filter to be divided into two or more subbands。
Example 33 is a kind of envelope tracking method。The method includes the first state determining the tunable match network being coupled to power amplifier, and its intermediate power amplifier is configured in emission band to operate with envelope tracking (ET) operator scheme。One or more ET characteristics at first group of operating condition place of the first state optimization power amplifier。The method also comprises determining that the second state of the tunable match network being coupled to power amplifier, and its intermediate power amplifier is configured to operate in emission band with ET operator scheme。One or more ET characteristics at second group of operating condition place of the second state optimization power amplifier。
Example 34 includes the theme of example 33, and wherein, emission band includes two or more subbands。First group of operating condition includes the operation in the power amplifier the first subband in two or more subbands, and second group of operating condition includes the operation in the power amplifier the second subband in two or more subbands。
Example 35 includes the theme of example 34, and wherein, the method also comprises determining that the second size of the first mid frequency of the first subband, the second mid frequency of the second subband, the first size of the first subband and the second subband。One or more ET characteristics include the ET delay variation with frequency, and the first mid frequency, the second mid frequency, the first size, the second size are at least partially based on what the frequency response that the envelope tracking on emission band postpones was determined。
Example 36 includes the theme any one of example 34 and 35, including or omit optional element, wherein at least one variance in the first subband in the first one or more ET characteristic of state minimization, and wherein at least one variance in the second subband in the second one or more ET characteristic of state minimization。
Example 37 includes the theme of example 34, wherein, and at least one variance in the first subband in the first one or more ET characteristic of state minimization, and wherein at least one variance in the second subband in the second one or more ET characteristic of state minimization。
Example 38 is a kind of system for envelope tracking, this system includes the device of the load impedance for regulating the power amplifier operated on emission band with envelope tracking (ET) operator scheme, and for detecting the device of one group of current operational conditions of power amplifier with ET operator scheme when power amplifier operates。Device for regulating is configured to couple to power amplifier and is couple at least one wave filter。Device for detecting is additionally configured to send control signal in response to one group of detected current operational conditions to the device for regulating。It addition, the device for regulating is additionally configured in response to the control signal sent to regulate the impedance of this device for regulating, to be based at least partially on one group of current operational conditions to optimize one or more ET characteristic。
The foregoing description (including summary disclosure of that) of illustrative embodiment disclosed in theme is not intended to exhaustive the disclosed embodiments or the disclosed embodiments are limited to disclosed precise forms。Although being described herein specific embodiment and embodiment for illustration purposes, but various equivalent modifications can appreciate that, it is believed that the various amendments in the scope of such embodiment and example are possible。
In this respect, although describing disclosed theme already in connection with various embodiments and corresponding accompanying drawing (in appropriate circumstances), it should be understood that other similar embodiment can be used or described enforcement can be made amendment and supplement for performing identical with disclosed theme, similar, replacement or the alternative functions scope without departing from disclosed theme。Therefore, disclosed theme should not necessarily be limited by any single embodiment herein, but should be explained range and scope according to appended claim。
Specifically, about the various functions performed by above-described assembly or structure (component, equipment, circuit, system etc.), except as otherwise noted, term for describing these assemblies is intended to (including mentioning " device ") random component or the structure (such as, functionally equivalent) of the appointment function corresponding to executive module；Even if they structures are not equal to perform the disclosed structure of the function in example implementations shown herein as。In addition, although special characteristic is likely to be disclosed only about in some implementations, but just because of any given or application-specific being probably desired or favourable, such feature can combine with one or more further features of other implementation。

Claims (25)

1. for assisting a system for envelope tracking, including:
Tunable match network, described tunable match network is configured to couple at least one wave filter and is couple at least one amplifier, and at least one amplifier described is configured on emission band to operate with envelope tracking ET operator scheme；And
Control assembly, described control assembly is configured as detecting when described power amplifier operates one group of current operational conditions of described power amplifier with described ET operator scheme, wherein said one group of current operational conditions includes current operating frequency, and wherein said control assembly is also configured to send control signal to described tunable match network in response to one group of detected current operational conditions；
Wherein said tunable match network is additionally configured in response to the control signal sent to adjust the impedance of described tunable match network so that one or more ET characteristic to be based at least partially on described one group of current operational conditions optimised。
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the one or more ET characteristic includes the ET delay variation with frequency。
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the one or more ET characteristic includes the change in gain with frequency。
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the one or more ET characteristic includes the cloud of at least one in amplitude-amplitude distortion AMAM and amplitude-phase distortion AMPM。
5. the system as according to any one of claim 1-4, wherein, described emission band includes two or more subbands, and the first subband in two or more subbands wherein said includes ongoing frequency, and wherein said one or more ET characteristic is optimised on described first subband。
6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described emission band is based at least partially on the frequency response of the input impedance of at least one wave filter described to be divided into said two or more subband。
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, also includes feed back receiver, and described feed back receiver is configured to determine that at least one in the one or more ET characteristic。
8. system as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described feed back receiver is configured to be based at least partially on one or more test signal to determine at least one in the one or more ET characteristic。
9. system as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described feed back receiver is configured to during power-on sequence to determine at least one in the one or more ET characteristic。
10. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least one wave filter described includes the emission filter of duplexer。
11. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described power amplifier is additionally configured to operate with non-ET operator scheme, wherein said control assembly is also configured to detect when described power amplifier operates with described non-ET operator scheme, wherein said control assembly is also configured in response to detecting that described non-ET operator scheme sends the second control signal to described tunable match network, and wherein said tunable match network is also configured in response to described second control signal sent to regulate the impedance of described tunable match network, to maximize the output of described power amplifier。
12. for the system assisting envelope tracking, including:
Power amplifier, described power amplifier is configured on emission band to operate with envelope tracking ET operator scheme；
At least one wave filter, at least one wave filter described is configured to the output signal of described power amplifier is filtered；
First tunable match network, described first tunable match network is configured to couple to described power amplifier and is couple at least one wave filter described；And
Control assembly, described control assembly is configured as detecting when described power amplifier operates one group of current operational conditions of described power amplifier with described ET operator scheme, wherein said one group of current operational conditions includes current operating frequency, wherein said control assembly is additionally configured to send control signal to described first tunable match network in response to one group of detected operating condition
Described first tunable match network is additionally configured in response to the control signal sent to adjust the impedance of described first tunable match network so that one or more ET characteristic to be based at least partially on described one group of current operational conditions optimised。
13. system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the one or more ET characteristic includes the ET delay variation with frequency。
14. system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the one or more ET characteristic includes the change in gain with frequency。
15. system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the one or more ET characteristic includes the cloud of at least one in amplitude-amplitude distortion AMAM and amplitude-phase distortion AMPM。
16. the system as according to any one of claim 12-15, wherein, described emission band includes two or more subbands, and the first subband in two or more subbands wherein said includes ongoing frequency, and wherein said one or more ET characteristic is optimised on described first subband。
17. system as claimed in claim 16, wherein, described emission band is based at least partially on the frequency response of the input impedance of at least one wave filter described to be divided into said two or more subband。
18. system as claimed in claim 12, described system also includes the second tunable match network, described second tunable match network is configured to couple at least one wave filter and the antenna port being configured to couple to antenna mutually, wherein said second tunable match network is additionally configured to when described antenna is coupled to described antenna port, it is desirable to minimize the impedance mismatching between at least one wave filter described and described antenna。
19. system as claimed in claim 12, also including feed back receiver, described feed back receiver is configured to determine that at least one in the one or more ET characteristic。
20. system as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described feed back receiver is configured to be based at least partially on one or more test signal to determine at least one in the one or more ET characteristic。
21. system as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described feed back receiver is configured to during power-on sequence to determine at least one in the one or more ET characteristic。
22. the method assisting envelope tracking, including:
Determine the first state of the tunable match network being couple to power amplifier, wherein said power amplifier is configured to operate in emission band with envelope tracking ET operator scheme, and wherein said first state optimizes one or more ET characteristics at first group of operating condition place of described power amplifier；And
Determine the second state of the described tunable match network being couple to described power amplifier, wherein said power amplifier is configured to operate in described emission band with described ET operator scheme, and wherein said second state optimizes the one or more ET characteristic at second group of operating condition place of described power amplifier。
23. method as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described emission band includes two or more subbands, wherein said first group of operating condition includes the operation in the described power amplifier the first subband in said two or more subband, and wherein said second group of operating condition includes the operation in the described power amplifier the second subband in said two or more subband。
24. method as claimed in claim 23, also include determining the second size of the first mid frequency of described first subband, the second mid frequency of described second subband, the first size of described first subband and described second subband, wherein said one or more ET characteristic includes: with the ET delay variation of frequency, and wherein said first mid frequency, described second mid frequency, described first size, described second size are at least partially based on what the frequency response that the envelope tracking on described emission band postpones was determined。
25. the method as according to any one of claim 23-24, wherein, at least one the ET characteristic in the one or more ET characteristic of described first state minimization variance in described first subband, and the variance that at least one the ET characteristic in the one or more ET characteristic of wherein said second state minimization is in described second subband。
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