CN105694900B - A kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner - Google Patents
A kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN105694900B CN105694900B CN201610049086.6A CN201610049086A CN105694900B CN 105694900 B CN105694900 B CN 105694900B CN 201610049086 A CN201610049086 A CN 201610049086A CN 105694900 B CN105694900 B CN 105694900B
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, which includes biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cow dung, and biology black wood charcoal therein is obtained by the castoff heat cracking charing production of production agaric fungus.Biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cow dung are applied before rice, corn seeding as soil conditioner, Soda saline and alkaline soils significant effect is improved, pH value can be more than to 9 salt-soda soil, being transformed into can be increased substantially with the farmland of farming, crop yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil conditioners, more particularly to a kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, belong to saline and alkaline
The good technical field of land reform, and belong to technical field of resource comprehensive utilization.
Background technology
China is populous nation, account for world population 20%, Asia population 33%.Although China's national territorial area occupy
Third place in the world, but 2/3 is mountainous region, and cultivated area and its limited, 18.2574 hundred million mu of cultivated area, occupancy volume per person is low.People is more
Ground less, grain it is in short supply, protection and exploitation cultivated land resource it is extremely urgent.It is influenced by natural cause and mankind's activity, China arable land
Resource is increasingly deficient.Therefore, agricultural production and the sustainable development of national economy are limited.
The salinization of soil is a kind of gradual environmental geological Hazard.There is about 100,000,000 hm of all kinds of salt-soda soils in China2.Wherein, northwest
Arid, semiarid region are with sulfate or based on chloride-sulfate saline-alkali soil；Northeast is semiarid, subhumid is with soda salt
Based on alkaline earth；Huang-Huai-Hai is semiarid, subhumid is based on chloride-sulfate or sulfate-chloride salt alkaline earth；Southeast edge
Extra large semi-moist, humid region are based on strand chloride or the salt acidic coastal saline-alkali soil of sulfuric acid.The Northeast's Saline-Sodic ground area
Up to 765.7 ten thousand hm2, account for about the 7.7% of the national salt-soda soil gross area.And song-Nen plain Saline-Sodic ground area is 233.3 ten thousand
hm2, the 15.2% of the Zhan Gai areas soil gross area, it is one of large stretch of Soda saline and alkaline soils areal concentration in the world three.Due to soil salt
Alkalization causes the hardened of soil, and land fertility declines, and has seriously affected farm land quality.Although a large amount of improvement work is carried out
Make, achieve certain effect, but salinization of soil phenomenon is still prominent.Due to the special physicochemical properties in these salt-soda soils,
Majority is not suitable for developing dry farming, so as to as the expansion most important reserve land resources of Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area.Reasonable development
With using this land resource, become resource inferior as superior resources, to ensuring that national food security is of great significance.Traditional
The ameliorative measure of saline-alkali soil generally has physically improved measure, including electric power improvement, soil moved in improve the original improvement and sands pressure alkali；Chemical modifying is arranged
It applies, alkaline earth or soda soil is improved with chemical improvement agent；Hydraulic engineering ameliorative measure is according to " salt is gone with water come, salt with water "
Rule carry out irrigating pressure salt or draining less salt；Agricultural improvement measure including leveling land, rational tillage, increases fertilizer and presses down salt, because of soil
Plantation and rice field-upland field rotation etc.；Biological control measure, including planting halophytes and salt-resistant plant, green manuring, afforestation etc..Tradition
Ameliorative measure there are the amount of labour used it is big, of high cost, time-consuming long the shortcomings that, it is impossible to be suitble to large-scale redevelopment saline-alkali soil, do not meet existing
The quick demand of generation market-oriented agricultural production.
Biomass carbon refers to biomass such as timber, agricultural waste material, plant tissue or animal skeleton etc. in complete or portion
Under point anaerobic environment and relatively low temperature (<700 DEG C) under the conditions of, a kind of solid product through pyrolysis charring formation,
Charcoal phosphorus content is enriched, and possesses larger porosity and specific surface area and has height carboxylic esterification and aromatization structure,
With very strong adsorptivity and stability.Numerous studies show that the content of soil organic matter can be improved by adding charcoal, be promoted
The formation of soil aggregate structure, contributes to plant growth；It can increase soil carbon retention using biomass carbon, reduce carbon emission, have
Effect slows down greenhouse effects.There is result of study to show that biomass carbon because of its own powerful suction-operated, can effectively absorb soil
Middle heavy metal, pesticide, herbicide etc., the accumulation being substantially reducing in crops, while agricultural non-point source pollution is effectively reduced, for me
State's grain security, food security and ecological safety are made contributions.
Black fungus originates in Northeast Forest Areas, has a long history.The early period of artificial cultivation is with segment wood cultivated for main side
Formula, for over ten years, due to forest reserves scarcity, production cost tends to cultivating in bag that is equivalent, thus turning to low cost with product,
But due to planting for a long time, part cultivation family, which lacks pollution bacterium bag processing, in addition should knowledge, cause black fungus production base ring
Border is seriously damaged, therefore develops the research for recycling waste wood in agaric fungus bags also just increasingly by the weight of society
Depending on.In recent years as the output of black fungus quickly improves, the quantity of discarded agaric fungus bags is also being continuously increased.Due to agaric
Waste wood leads to serious environmental pollution without effectively recycling in bacterium bag.
The present invention is using the sawdust the like waste in agaric fungus bags as raw material, and biology is made in progress charing process in retort
Matter charcoal adds feces of livestock and poultry as matrix using biomass carbon and improves the undesirable physicochemical property of Soda saline and alkaline soils, passes through biomass carbon
Special construction reduces the saline alkali of saline-alkali soil, reduces the saline-alkali soil soil weight, increases edaphon content and retain water and nutrients energy
Power fundamentally improves the poor physicochemical property of saline-alkali soil, for agricultural sustainable development is promoted to reach the purpose that increases production and improves productivity.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, to improve soil saline alkali and soil plate
Knot, so as to ensure the normal growth of crop.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, including following each component：Biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cow dung.
Wherein, the biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cow dung weight ratio be 5:1:1-4.
Preferably, the biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cow dung weight ratio be 5:1:4.
Wherein, the biological black wood charcoal is made after biomass carbonated product raw material is carried out thermal cracking charing under anaerobic
.
Wherein, the thermal cracking carbonization temperature is 400~700 DEG C, and thermal cracking carbonization time is 2~3 hours.
Wherein, the biomass carbonated product raw material is the waste wood in agaric fungus bags.
The present invention also provides a kind of application of above-mentioned Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner in the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil.
In use, specific method of administration is as follows：Before crop is sowed, biological black wood charcoal 0.75-15tha is weighed respectively-1、
Wood vinegar 0.15-3tha-1, cow dung 0.15-12tha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then
Depth 30-40cm is ploughed deeply, is allowed to be sufficiently mixed with soil.
The advantages of using Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner of the invention, is as follows:
(1) it ploughs deeply to mix by high-power mechanical cultivation and apply, plough deeply depth as 30-40cm, biomass carbon is directly applied
In saline and alkaline soil layer, fundamentally improve the physical behavior of saline and alkaline soil layer, improve ventilative, water-retaining property.
(2) charcoal is made as raw material using the sawdust the like waste in agaric fungus bags in the present invention, has large specific surface area, hole
The features such as gap is enriched has water, fertilizer etc. extremely strong adsorption capacity, after being manured into soil, can provide a large amount of organic matter, not only may be used
Significantly reducing the leaching loss phenomenon of fertilizer, extending fertilizer efficiency and improving utilization rate of fertilizer, while the permeable, ventilative of soil can be increased
Property, the soil weight is reduced, abundant hole can be effectively increased edaphon living environment and quantity.
(3) wood vinegar contains low molecular organic acids, neutralizes alkali with acid, efficiently presses the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, can effectively be solved after being manured into soil
Certainly and inhibit alkalization of soils phenomenon, improve the chemical property of saline and alkaline soil layer.
(4) cost of material is low, easy to operation, will not contaminated soil and environment, while organic carbon can be fixed for a long time
In the soil, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are effectively reduced.
Specific embodiment
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the present invention will be with description and
It is apparent.But these embodiments are only exemplary, do not form any restrictions to the scope of the present invention.People in the art
Member it should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form into
Row modifications or substitutions, but these modifications and replacement are each fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
It is carbonized in anaerobic, 400~700 DEG C of retort after waste wood in agaric fungus bags is air-dried or dried,
Thermal cracking carbonization time is 2~3 hours, obtains biological black wood charcoal.Utilize the biomass carbonated product improvement soda of agaric fungus waste
The method of administration of saline-alkali soil is：In salt content 0.5%, pH value is in 8.33 soil, is 5 by weight before corn seeding:
1:4 weigh biological black wood charcoal 10tha respectively-1, wood vinegar 2tha-1With cow dung 8tha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing,
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then depth 30-40cm is ploughed deeply, it is allowed to be sufficiently mixed with soil.
After biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cow dung, the salt content of soil surface can be significantly observed compared with the control
It is substantially reduced, the emergence rate and survival rate of corn have reached more than 80%, without the biological black wood charcoal of application, wood vinegar and cow dung
The emergence rate of soil corn only has 40%, and growing way is irregular.The soil weight is by the 1.29gcm that compares-3It is reduced to
1.16g·cm-3, the soluble-salt content of soil is by the 6.48gkg that compares-1It is reduced to 5.31gkg-1Reduce 18.1%,
PH value is reduced to 7.95 from 8.33 reduces 0.38, the Na of soil+Salt ions is waited also accordingly to reduce, corn yield improves
15%.
Embodiment 2
It is carbonized in anaerobic, 400~700 DEG C of retort after waste wood in agaric fungus bags is air-dried or dried,
Thermal cracking carbonization time is 2~3 hours, obtains biological black wood charcoal.Utilize the biomass carbonated product improvement soda of agaric fungus waste
The method of administration of saline-alkali soil is：In salt content 0.5%, pH value is in 8.33 soil, is 5 by weight before corn seeding:
1:1 weighs biological black wood charcoal 0.75tha respectively-1, wood vinegar 0.15tha-1With cow dung 0.15tha-1Mixing is made soil and changes
It good dose, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply depth 30-40cm, be allowed to be sufficiently mixed with soil.Apply biological black wood charcoal, wood
For the farmland corn emergence rate and survival rate of vinegar liquid and cow dung up to more than 60%, the soluble organic fraction content of soil reduces 2.3%,
PH value reduces by 0.06, and salting stain area greatly reduces.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of biological black wood charcoal is same as above.This utilizes the biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils of agaric fungus waste
Method of administration be：In salt content 0.5%, pH value is in 8.33 soil, is 5 by weight before corn seeding:1:2 difference
Weigh biological black wood charcoal 2.5tha-1, wood vinegar 0.5tha-1With cow dung 1.0tha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly
It spreads fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply depth 30-40cm, be allowed to be sufficiently mixed with soil.Apply biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cow dung
Farmland corn emergence rate and survival rate up to more than 70%, pH value reduces by 0.1, and the soluble organic fraction content of soil is reduced
7.2%.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of biological black wood charcoal is same as above.This utilizes the biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils of agaric fungus waste
Method of administration be：In salt content 0.5%, pH value is in 8.33 soil, is 5 by weight before corn seeding:1:3 difference
Weigh biological black wood charcoal 5.0tha-1, wood vinegar 1.0tha-1With cow dung 3.0tha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly
It spreads fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply depth 30-40cm, be allowed to be sufficiently mixed with soil.Apply biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cow dung
Farmland corn emergence rate and survival rate up to more than 70%, pH value reduces by 0.18, and the soluble organic fraction content of soil is reduced
12.8%, almost there is not salting stain phenomenon.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of biological black wood charcoal is same as above.This utilizes the biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils of agaric fungus waste
Method of administration be：In salt content 0.5%, pH value is in 8.33 soil, is 5 by weight before corn seeding:1:4 difference
Weigh biological black wood charcoal 7.5tha-1, wood vinegar 1.5tha-1With cow dung 6.0tha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly
It spreads fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply depth 30-40cm, be allowed to be sufficiently mixed with soil.Apply biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cow dung
Farmland corn emergence rate and survival rate up to more than 70%, pH value reduces by 0.27, and the soluble organic fraction content of soil is reduced
14.6%, almost there is not salting stain phenomenon.
The present invention is mixed with biological black wood charcoal with cow dung increases the soil organism, improves soil texture, in wood vinegar and alkali
Property, so as to improve Soda saline and alkaline soils.By using agaric fungus waste carbonizing production biology black wood charcoal, mixed with wood vinegar, cow dung,
Carry out field trial, it was demonstrated that it proposes biological black wood charcoal, wood to alkaline land soil improvement and corn growth and the good action of yield
Soil conditioner, Joint genetic improvement saline-alkali soil is made in vinegar liquid and cow dung.The soil conditioner has following several respects effect：1. it reduces
Soda alkaline land topsoil soils salt content and pH value；2. reducing the soil weight, improve soil texture, crop root health is promoted to give birth to
It is long；3. biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and the synergy of cow dung improve the emergence rate and survival rate of crop, make produce so as to improve
Amount；4. the utilization of agricultural wastes biomass circulating is realized, it is at low cost, extensive improvement and improvement Saline-Sodic can be developed into
The practical technique of soil.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner is improving corn emergence rate, raising corn survival rate, is reducing the solvable of soil
Property salt content and reduce soil pH value in application, which is characterized in that the Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner is by following
Component forms：Biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cow dung, it is described biology black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cow dung weight ratio be 5: 1: 1~4；
Wherein, the biological black wood charcoal is made after the waste wood in agaric fungus bags to be carried out to thermal cracking charing under anaerobic.
2. application according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the thermal cracking carbonization temperature is 400~700 DEG C, hot tearing
It is 2~3 hours to solve carbonization time.
3. the application of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that method of administration is as follows：
Before crop is sowed, biological black wood charcoal 0.75-15tha is weighed respectively-1, 0.15~3tha of wood vinegar-1, cow dung 0.15~
12t·ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply 30~40cm of depth, is allowed to fill with soil
Divide mixing.
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| CN108727108A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-02 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of charcoal based modifier and preparation method thereof of improvement coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN110041935A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-23 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | For the compound bio charcoal of soil improvement, soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110016355A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-16 | 南京三聚生物质新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass carbonated method and utilize soil conditioner made from this method |
| CN110663504A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Urban garden soil improvement method |
| CN111019668A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Severe soda saline-alkali soil dry farming agricultural soil conditioner |
| CN111073659A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-28 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Carbon-based soil conditioner for heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN113416550A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-21 | 南京勤丰秸杆科技有限公司 | Solid-liquid cooperative soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil and application method thereof |
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| CN102424638A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-04-25 | 商丘三利新能源有限公司 | Charcoal-base rapid curing agent for soil and production method thereof |
| CN103664388B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2017-01-25 | 东北农业大学 | Charcoal-based organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104788209A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-22 | 樊连雪 | Carbon-based bioactive ecological fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN104987216A (en) * | 2015-07-11 | 2015-10-21 | 樊连雪 | Sludge carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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