CN105693389B

CN105693389B - Special selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for winter jujubes as well as preparation method and application method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN105693389B
Application number: CN201610069155.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜振宇; 马海林; 马丙尧; 刘方春; 李丽; 王清华
Original assignee: Shandong Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Shandong Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2016-01-29
Filing date: 2016-01-29
Publication date: 2020-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2036-01-29
Also published as: CN105693389A

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes, a preparation method and an application method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sodium selenite: 0.8-1.0% of mass fraction, potassium pyrophosphate: 5.0-10.0% of mass fraction, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 0.5-1.0% of triton X-100: 1.0-2.0% of mass fraction, dodecyl betaine: 1.0-2.0% by mass, water: the mass fraction is 85.0-90.0%. By adopting the foliar fertilizer provided by the invention, the selenium content of the winter jujube fruits can reach 50-100 mug/kg, excessive selenium intake can not be caused as long as the daily consumption does not exceed 2.5kg, and the selenium intake does not exceed 1.0kg, so that the selenium supplement range is suitable. In daily life, winter jujubes are used as fresh fruits, and the daily consumption of adults is generally not more than 1.0 kg. Therefore, the selenium-rich winter jujube produced by the method is very safe to eat.

Description

Special selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for winter jujubes as well as preparation method and application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes, and a preparation method and an application method thereof.

Background

Winter jujubes are a special high-quality fresh-eating jujube variety in China, and are favored by people due to rich nutrition and good taste. The fruits are rich in selenium by applying exogenous selenium, and the selenium is absorbed by human body through a food chain, so that the immunity of the human body can be obviously improved, and the aims of resisting cancer and preventing aging are fulfilled. Because the demand range of human body for selenium is narrow, the poisoning can be caused by excessive intake, the selenium content is too small and the health care effect of selenium can not be exerted, so the selenium content of the fruits is strictly controlled in the production process of the selenium-rich winter jujubes.

According to the research result of selenium demand of residents in China, the suitable selenium supplement range for adults is 50-250 mug per day, the maximum selenium supplement range is not more than 400 mug, and the selenium supplement range is not more than 150 mug through conventional diets of grains, vegetables, meat, eggs, milk and the like. The selenium content in fruits and vegetables is generally less than 10 μ g/kg.

In the production of selenium-rich fruits, the common measures are selenium application in soil and selenium leaf surface spraying. After selenium is applied to soil, most selenium is easily fixed by the soil, mobility is deteriorated, and only a small amount of selenium can enter a tree body through a root system and is transported to fruits. After the selenium is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, selenium can rapidly enter the trees through the leaves, and the selenium enrichment efficiency is high. However, the current selenium-rich foliar fertilizer has the following disadvantages: the winter jujube leaves are small and are waxy leaf surfaces, and after the selenium solution is sprayed on the winter jujube leaves, the selenium solution can fall off from the leaves in a short time in a form of liquid beads, so that the attachment time on the leaves is short, the selenium is difficult to be fully absorbed by the leaves, and the selenium content of fruits is too low. Because the increase of the selenium content of the fruits and the concentration and the dosage of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer can not be coordinated, although the selenium content of the fruits can be greatly improved by increasing the selenium content, the phenomena of withered leaves, fallen leaves and black spots of the fruits are easy to occur, and the adverse effects are brought to the growth of trees and the commodity value of the jujube fruits. In order to avoid the damage of selenium to trees and fruits caused by overlarge selenium concentration in single fertilization, multiple times of low-concentration spraying can be adopted, but if the low-concentration selenium liquid is sprayed for multiple times in the growth period of winter jujubes, the manpower and material resource investment is increased, the operation is more complicated, and the relation between the concentration of each spraying and the spraying frequency is difficult to determine. For example, chinese patent CN103274848A discloses a preparation method and application of a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, wherein the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is prepared from sodium selenate, sodium selenite, fulvic acid, urea, compound sodium nitrophenolate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and water in balance, the sodium selenate and sodium selenite are used as selenium donors, the fulvic acid is used as a chelating agent, the plant growth regulator compound sodium nitrophenolate is added, and urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate are added for compounding. The selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer has a content of selenium increased by 128.6-275.0% compared with a control without using the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer. But the spraying is started in the middle of 5 months, is carried out once every 20 days, and is carried out 4 times in the middle of 7 months.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes, and a preparation method and an application method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sodium selenite: mass fraction (0.8% -1.0%) (preferably: 0.86%), potassium pyrophosphate: mass fraction (5.0% -10.0%) (preferably: 8.62%), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: mass fraction (0.5% -1.0%) (preferably 0.86%), triton X-100: mass fraction (1.0% -2.0%) (preferably 1.72%), dodecyl betaine: mass fraction (1.0% -2.0%) (preferably 1.72%), water: mass fraction (85.0% -90.0%) (preferably 86.22%).

Preferably: a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sodium selenite: 0.86% by mass, potassium pyrophosphate: 8.62 percent of mass fraction, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 0.86% of triton X-100: 1.72% by mass, dodecyl betaine: 1.72% by mass, water: 86.22 percent of mass fraction.

The preparation method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes can be directly mixed and dissolved.

The application method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes comprises the steps of adding water to the foliar fertilizer to dilute the foliar fertilizer by 200 times for 100 times to prepare a spray liquid before use, spraying the foliar fertilizer in a rainy and windless weather 40-50 days before harvest in the expansion period (late 8 months), spraying the foliar fertilizer after 4 pm (the spraying is selected to be favorable for transferring selenium elements into fruits in the expansion period of the fruits, and the sun radiation is relatively weak after 4 pm, so that the evaporation of water in the spray liquid can be reduced, the contact time of selenite ions with the leaf surfaces is prolonged, and the selenium can be favorable for entering the interior of the leaves from the spray liquid), and uniformly spraying the spray liquid on the front and back surfaces of the winter jujubes, wherein the spraying amount is 300 g/plant (full bearing fruit tree) or 30-50 kg/mu.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

by adopting the foliar fertilizer and the application method provided by the invention, the selenium content of the winter jujube fruits can reach 50-100 mug/kg, excessive selenium intake can not be caused as long as the daily consumption does not exceed 2.5kg, and the selenium intake does not exceed 1.0kg, so that the selenium supplement range is suitable. In daily life, winter jujubes are used as fresh fruits, and the daily consumption of adults is generally not more than 1.0 kg. Therefore, the selenium-rich winter jujube produced by the method is very safe to eat.

In the formula of the foliar fertilizer, sodium selenite is a selenium preparation and provides exogenous selenium elements for winter jujube fruits; the potassium pyrophosphate can play a role of a wetting agent, can prolong the leaf surface infiltration wetting time, and simultaneously provides certain potassium nutrition for the winter jujubes, and the potassium can promote the absorption of the winter jujubes on selenium. The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the triton X-100 are respectively an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, so that the attachment time of a liquid spray on the leaves can be increased, and the selenium absorption capacity of the leaves can be enhanced; the betaine is an amphoteric surfactant, which can increase selenium absorption of leaves and improve stress resistance of winter jujube. Through the reasonable combination of the surface active substances, the detention time of selenium on the leaf surfaces of the winter jujubes is obviously prolonged, the selenium absorption of the winter jujubes is increased, and a foundation is laid for the efficient selenium enrichment of the winter jujubes, which is specifically shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 influence of the use of different surface-active substances on the selenium content of winter jujubes

Remarking: in the treatment, B1, B2 and B3 respectively represent sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, triton X-100 and dodecyl betaine; the different letter designations after the number differ significantly at P0.05. The spraying time is 8 months and 20 days in 2014, and the spraying agent is diluted by 100 times by water before being applied.

By adopting the foliar fertilizer and the application method provided by the invention, the high-efficiency selenium enrichment of the winter jujube fruits can be realized only by spraying once, and the adverse effect on the appearance of the trees and the fruits is avoided.

The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer is simple, only simple mixing is needed, and the pH value is not required to be adjusted independently in the preparation process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the selenium content of the fruits of winter jujubes after the application of a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

A selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sodium selenite: 1.0 percent, potassium pyrophosphate: 5.0 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 1.0 percent of triton X-100 percent: 1.0% by mass, dodecyl betaine: 2.0% by mass, water: the mass fraction is 90.0%.

Example 2

A selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sodium selenite: 1.0% by mass, potassium pyrophosphate: 10.0 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 0.5 percent of triton X-100 percent: 2.0% by mass, dodecyl betaine: 1.0% by mass, water: the mass fraction is 85.0%.

Example 3

A selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sodium selenite: 0.86% by mass, potassium pyrophosphate: 8.62 percent of mass fraction, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 0.86% of triton X-100: 1.72% by mass, dodecyl betaine: 1.72% by mass, water: 86.22 percent of mass fraction.

Examples of the experiments

In order to verify the application effect of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes in winter jujube production, a foliar spraying test is carried out in a ten-year-old winter jujube orchard in a coastal urban district of Shandong province in the main winter jujube production area of China in 2015 for 8-10 months.

The test site is located in a low town King village (37 degrees 41 '37.64' N, 117 degrees 51 '10.63' E) under the staining area, and the soil type is salinized moisture soil. The tested material is a 10-year-old winter jujube tree with normal growth and similar growth vigor, the variety is stained winter jujube, the row spacing is 2 meters, and the plant spacing is 1.5 meters. The fertilizer used in the test is a self-made selenium-rich liquid fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving 10g of sodium selenite, 100g of potassium pyrophosphate fertilizer, 10g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 10g of Triton X-10020g and 20g of dodecyl betaine in 1000g of water, uniformly mixing, and filling into a plastic bottle for later use.

The test adopts a random block design, and three treatments are arranged in total: (1) CK, using tap water with the same spraying amount as a reference; (2) t1, spraying after diluting by 100 times; (3) t2, spraying after diluting by 200 times. Each treatment was performed on 10 trees, arranged in the same row, and repeated 3 times. The test is carried out at 18 days (winter jujube fruit expansion period) 8 months and 8 months in 2015, the spraying amount of each treatment is 250ml for each tree, fruit samples are collected when winter jujubes are harvested at 8 days 10 months and 8 days in the year, deionized water is used for washing, and the selenium content in the fruits is measured by adopting an atomic fluorescence method. As can be seen from figure 1, after the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the winter jujubes at one time in the fruit expanding period, the selenium content of the fruits is obviously increased by two selenium-applying treatments. After the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is diluted by 100 times and sprayed by 200 times, the selenium content of the winter jujube fruits respectively reaches 85.31 mu g/kg and 52.73 mu g/kg, and compared with the control without spraying, the increase amplitudes respectively reach 277.43 percent and 133.19 percent. In contrast, the selenium enrichment effect was better when diluted 100 times, since the dilution times were lower, and more selenium was applied to winter jujube trees at the same spray application rates. Test results show that the selenium-rich leaf fertilizer for winter jujubes shows a good selenium-rich effect in winter jujube production.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the examples, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive effort by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. The selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.86% by mass, potassium pyrophosphate: 5.0-10.0% of mass fraction, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 0.5-1.0% of triton X-100: 1.0-2.0% of mass fraction, dodecyl betaine: 1.0-2.0% by mass, water: 85.0-90.0% of mass fraction;

the preparation method comprises directly mixing and dissolving;

the application method comprises the following steps: before use, the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 100-fold with water to prepare spray liquid, the spray liquid is sprayed on the front and back surfaces of winter jujube leaves in a rainy-free and windless day 40-50 days before harvest in the expansion period of winter jujube fruits and 4 o' clock in the afternoon, and the spray amount is 300 g/plant or 30-50 kg/mu of fruit trees in the full bearing period.

2. The special selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer for winter jujubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium pyrophosphate is 8.62%.

3. The selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 0.86%.

4. The special selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer for winter jujubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the triton X-100 is 1.72%.

5. The special selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer for winter jujubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the dodecyl betaine is 1.72%.

6. The selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer special for winter jujubes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following components, by weight, 0.86% of sodium selenite, 8.62% of potassium pyrophosphate, 0.86% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1.72% of Triton X-100, 1.72% of dodecyl betaine and 86.22% of water.