CN105675694B - The measuring system and method for flue gas composition concentration - Google Patents
The measuring system and method for flue gas composition concentration Download PDFInfo
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- CN105675694B CN105675694B CN201610031959.0A CN201610031959A CN105675694B CN 105675694 B CN105675694 B CN 105675694B CN 201610031959 A CN201610031959 A CN 201610031959A CN 105675694 B CN105675694 B CN 105675694B
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- flue gas
- ion
- absorbent solution
- concentration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/4162—Systems investigating the composition of gases, by the influence exerted on ionic conductivity in a liquid
Abstract
The invention discloses the measuring systems and method of a kind of flue gas composition concentration, after flue gas enters measuring device, successively pass through filter and volume flowmeter, enter back into absorbent solution, the correspondence ion concentration in solution is measured by signal conversion and data processing module, finally obtains the concentration of the component by the data processing system of single-chip microcontroller.The automatic feeding device of single-chip microcontroller control simultaneously is continuously added solute to guarantee the absorbability of solution.Operation of the present invention is easy, response quickly, can carry out long-time real-time measurement to multiple components of flue gas, and provide the situation of change of gas component concentrations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flue gas field of measuring technique, in particular to a kind of measurement flue gas composition concentration systems and method.
Background technique
Flue gas analysis is occupied an important position in chemical fertilizer, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, manufacture of cement and thermal power industry, different
Industry smoke components are different, but mainly contain SO2、NOX、CO、O2Deng gas.Flue gas analysis has become these industries and is used to protect
Demonstrate,prove powerful measure that is safe and stable, efficiently producing.Simultaneously because a large amount of harmful substances for being discharged of various fuel combustions at
For the main source of atmospheric pollution in the world today, thus it is particularly important to the detection of harmful substance in atmosphere, to industrial production and ring
Border protection is all of great importance.
There are mainly three types of current stack-gas analysis technologies：Formula gas analysis instrument method difficult to understand, red, orange, green, blue, yellow (ROGBY), infrared analysis
Method.Wherein, Orsat apparatus is using different solution come the successive different component absorbed in gas sample, but can only
It is single to be tested and analyzed one by one in doses, do not have multiple input and signal processing function, analysis is time-consuming, operates loaded down with trivial details, sound
Answer speed slow, low efficiency, precision is not also high, and is difficult to analyze production status in real time.Red, orange, green, blue, yellow (ROGBY) is to pass through single injected sampling
The separation of all components (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide) in flue gas is set to pass through detector and record using chromatographic column
Device measures and records entire analytic process, and the content of each component is then calculated with area normalization.Chromatography separation efficiency height,
Amount of samples is few, can carry out multicomponent analysis, analysis precision is high and scalar period is long.But price is high and sample quality requires
Height, also very high to operator's competency profiling, therefore, general small factory is difficult to bear.Infrared analysis rule simple possible, work are former
Reason is that have the characteristic of selective absorbing to the infrared radiation of different wave length based on certain gases, and degree of absorption depends on quilt
Survey the concentration of gas.This method can measure several components simultaneously, but to the nonpolarity diatomic molecule of analysis symmetrical structure and
Monoatomic molecules gas is not applicable, while moisture can interfere SO when measuring2And NOXMeasurement accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the measuring system and method for a kind of flue gas composition concentration, measurement accuracy of the present invention is high,
The concentration of flue gas various ingredients can be measured simultaneously, and provide the situation of change of concentration of component.
To achieve the above objectives, the present invention, which adopts the following technical scheme that, is achieved：
A kind of measurement method of flue gas composition concentration, includes the following steps：
(1) after flue gas removes the solid impurity in flue gas by filter, with the volume flow of volume flowmeter measurement flue gas
Amount；
(2) then flue gas is passed into several closed containers；Certain in flue gas can be absorbed by being equipped in each closed container
The absorbent solution of one component；
(3) reference electrode and a selection electrode are inserted in every kind of absorbent solution；The selection electrode is for surveying
A certain component is absorbed after solution absorbs and forms the concentration to measured ion in examination flue gas；Reference electrode and selection electrode collect
Potential difference be transferred in the conversion of signal and data processing module, to export in the absorbent solution to the dense of measured ion
Spend change information；
(4) ion concentration change information to be measured in flue gas volume flow and absorbent solution that volume flowmeter measures is led to
It crosses data transmission system to be input in single-chip microcontroller, the concentration of component to be measured in current flue gas is finally calculated by single-chip microcontroller.
Further, further comprising the steps of：
(5) corresponding solute is added into absorbent solution to guarantee the suction of absorbent solution in single-chip microcontroller control automatic feeding device
Receipts ability.
Further, reference electrode and the selection collected potential difference signal of electrode are in signal conversion and data processing module
In, A/D signal conversion circuit is passed to after Signal Regulation and amplifying circuit amplification and is converted into digital signal, passes to number later
According to processing unit, the measured value of corresponding ion concentration to be measured in absorbent solution is obtained by calculation.
Further, specific step is as follows for a certain concentration of component in single-chip microcontroller calculating flue gas：
1) the molal quantity n of X ion in absorbent solution is acquired, relational expression is n=[X] V；Wherein, [X] is the dense of X ion
Degree, V are the volume of the corresponding absorbent solution for detecting the X ion；X ion is formed to be surveyed after a certain component is absorbed solution absorption
To measured ion；
2) by the molal quantity of X ion to the derivation of time t, i.e. dn/dt；
3) concentration c=(dn/dt)/Q of component corresponding to X ion in current flue gas is found outV, unit mol/m3；
Wherein, QvFor the flue gas volume flow being passed through in step 1) in absorbent solution.
Further, specific step is as follows for single-chip microcontroller control automatic feeder addition solute：
1) single-chip microcontroller calculates the molal quantity n to measured ion；
2) when n increases a setting value m, single-chip microcontroller controls the work of automatic machine material machine, adds the solute of mM；Wherein
M is molal weight.
A kind of measuring system of flue gas composition concentration, including the conversion of air pump, filter, signal and data processing module, number
According to Transmission system and single-chip microcontroller；
Air pump connects several closed containers by filter, and can be absorbed in flue gas by being equipped in each closed container by a certain group
The absorbent solution divided；
A reference electrode and a selection electrode are inserted in every kind of absorbent solution；The selection electrode is for testing cigarette
A certain component is absorbed after solution absorbs and forms the concentration to measured ion in gas；Reference electrode and the selection collected electricity of electrode
Potential difference is transferred in a signal conversion and data processing module, passes to A/D after Signal Regulation and amplifying circuit amplification
Signal conversion circuit is converted into digital signal, passes to data processing unit later, is obtained by calculation in absorbent solution corresponding
The measured value of ion concentration to be measured.
Further, single-chip microcontroller is calculated the step of measured value of corresponding ion concentration to be measured in absorbent solution and is：
1) the molal quantity n of X ion in absorbent solution is acquired, relational expression is n=[X] V；Wherein, [X] is the dense of X ion
Degree, V are the volume of the corresponding absorbent solution for detecting the X ion；X ion is formed to be surveyed after a certain component is absorbed solution absorption
To measured ion；
2) by the molal quantity of X ion to the derivation of time t, i.e. dn/dt；
3) concentration c=(dn/dt)/Q of component corresponding to X ion in current flue gas is found outV, unit mol/m3；
Wherein, QvFor the flue gas volume flow being passed through in step 1) in absorbent solution.
Further, closed container bottom is equipped with blender；The upper space of absorbent solution in closed container is also connected to
There is the residual air collection device for absorbing residual air.
Further, single-chip microcontroller is also connected with automatic feeding device, for be added into absorbent solution corresponding solute with
Guarantee the absorbability of absorbent solution.
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has the advantages that：
1, only flue gas need to be passed through measuring system, selects suitable absorbent solution and ion electrode, can measures in flue gas
The concentration of component.It is easy to operate simple, response quickly.
2, by selecting suitable absorbent solution and ion electrode that can measure to multiple components when measuring.
3, real-time measurement can be carried out to flue gas composition concentration, provides the situation of change of gas component concentrations.
4, automatic feeding device is controlled by single-chip microcontroller and is continuously added solute to guarantee the absorbability of solution.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is measuring device schematic diagram involved by the method for the present invention.
In figure：1, air pump；2, filter；3, volume flowmeter；4, residual air collection device；5, signal conversion and data processing
Module；6, data transmission system；7, reference electrode；8, X ion-selective electrode；9, blender；10, absorbent solution；11, it gives automatically
Expect device.
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of signal conversion and data processing module in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figs.1 and 2, a kind of measuring system of flue gas composition concentration of the present invention, including：Air pump 1, filter
2, volume flowmeter 3, residual air collection device 4, signal conversion and data processing module 5, data transmission system 6 and single-chip microcontroller PLC.
Air pump connects one or more closed containers with volume flowmeter by filter, and energy is housed in each closed container
Enough absorb the absorbent solution of a certain component in flue gas；A reference electrode 7 and an X ion choosing are inserted in every kind of absorbent solution
Select electrode 8；Selection electrode is used to test a certain component in flue gas and is absorbed the concentration for forming X ion to be measured after solution absorbs；
Reference electrode and the selection collected potential difference of electrode are transferred in a signal conversion and data processing module 6, through signal
A/D signal conversion circuit is passed to after adjusting and amplifying circuit amplification and is converted into digital signal, passes through data transmission system 6 later
Single-chip microcontroller is passed to, the measured value of corresponding ion concentration to be measured in absorbent solution is calculated by single-chip microcontroller.
Closed container bottom is equipped with blender 9；The upper space of absorbent solution in closed container is also communicated with more than absorption
The residual air collection device 4 of gas.Single-chip microcontroller is also connected with automatic feeding device 11, for corresponding solute to be added into absorbent solution
To guarantee the absorbability of absorbent solution.
A kind of measurement method of flue gas composition concentration of the present invention, includes the following steps：
(1) after the multicomponent flue gas being pumped by air pump 1 removes the solid impurity in flue gas by filter 2, with one
The volume flow of the measurement flue gas of volume flowmeter 3.
(2) then flue gas is passed into the closed container equipped with fixed volume absorbent solution 10, and container bottom is equipped with stirring
Device 9 passes through the residual air that residual air collection device 4 acquires absorbent solution to guarantee the uniformity of solution's solute；Absorbent solution 10 is optional
A kind of solution of gas can be absorbed in flue gas as absorbent solution by taking；Absorbent solution in closed container needs voluntarily to configure
Certain density titer, volume are definite value V.If different component in multiple closed container measurement flue gases is arranged in the present invention
When concentration, the volume flow that multiple volume flowmeters 3 measure the flue gas being passed through in different absorbent solutions is set.
(3) it is inserted in the absorbent solution 10 of closed container there are two electrode --- X ion-selective electrode 8 and reference electrode 7, it is electric
Extremely collected potential difference is transferred in signal conversion and data processing module 5, to export the concentration of X ion in solution
The situation of change of [X]；The selection of electrode is related with flue gas composition, if to survey various ingredients only need to add corresponding X ion-conductance
Pole.
With reference to Fig. 2, the collected potential difference signal of electrode in signal conversion and data processing module, through Signal Regulation and
Amplifying circuit passes to A/D signal conversion circuit, which is converted into digital signal for the amplification electric signal received, later
Data processing unit is passed to, which received digital signal is obtained by calculation the measurement of corresponding ion concentration
Value.Its Computing Principle is as follows：
When X ion-selective electrode 8 and reference electrode 7 immerse detected solution, between the sensitive membrane and solution of X ion electrode i.e.
Certain current potential is generated, the activity a of X ion in this current potential and solutionxBetween relationship, meeting energy in electrochemical theory, this is special
Equation：
Ex=E0±lgax(positive and negative number corresponding anions and canons)
In formula：Ex：The cell emf generated by electrode system；E0：The intercept current potential of electrode system, under certain condition,
A constant can be seen as；ax：The activity of X ion, it and ion concentration CxThere is ax=fCxRelationship.F is commonly referred to as activity system
Number, it is the function of the total ionic strength of solution, and in the case that total ionic strength is constant in the solution, it is a constant.
(4) the flue gas volume flow Q for measuring volume flowmeter 3vAnd X ion concentration variation relation in absorbent solution 10
It is input in single-chip microcontroller PLC having data processing function by data transmission system 6, current time flue gas is calculated by PLC
In the component concentration.Specific step is as follows：
1) molal quantity of X ion in solution is acquired, relational expression is n=[X] V；
2) by the molal quantity of X ion to the derivation of time t, i.e. dn/dt；
3) gas component concentrations (mol/m is found out3), c=(dn/dt)/QV。
(5) suitable mole number of ions increment m to be measured is set in single-chip microcontroller.
Assuming that needing to measure the concentration of the HCl in flue gas, optional NaOH solution makes as absorbent solution 10, X ion electrode 8
With Chloride selective electrode, chemically react in the solution：
HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H2O
After choosing absorbent solution and ion-selective electrode, flue gas is passed through measuring system by air pump 1.Measurement of multi-components
It can analogize according to the above one-component method.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of measurement method of flue gas composition concentration, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) after flue gas removes the solid impurity in flue gas by filter, with the volume flow of volume flowmeter measurement flue gas；
(2) then flue gas is passed into several closed containers；Can be absorbed in flue gas by being equipped in each closed container by a certain group
The absorbent solution divided；
(3) reference electrode and a selection electrode are inserted in every kind of absorbent solution；The selection electrode is for testing cigarette
A certain component is absorbed after solution absorbs and forms the concentration to measured ion in gas；Reference electrode and the selection collected electricity of electrode
Potential difference is transferred in a signal conversion and data processing module, is become to export in the absorbent solution to the concentration of measured ion
Change information；
(4) ion concentration change information to be measured in flue gas volume flow and absorbent solution that volume flowmeter measures is passed through into number
It is input in single-chip microcontroller according to Transmission system, the concentration of component to be measured in current flue gas is finally calculated by single-chip microcontroller；
(5) corresponding solute is added into absorbent solution to guarantee the absorption energy of absorbent solution in single-chip microcontroller control automatic feeding device
Power；
Specific step is as follows for a certain concentration of component in single-chip microcontroller calculating flue gas：
1) the molal quantity n of X ion in absorbent solution is acquired, relational expression is n=[X] V；Wherein, [X] is the concentration of X ion, V
For the volume of the corresponding absorbent solution for detecting the X ion；X ion by a certain component of survey be absorbed solution absorb after formed to
Measured ion；
2) by the molal quantity of X ion to the derivation of time t, i.e. dn/dt；
3) concentration c=(dn/dt)/Q of component corresponding to X ion in current flue gas is found outV, unit mol/m3；
Wherein, QvFor the flue gas volume flow being passed through in step 1) in absorbent solution.
2. a kind of measurement method of flue gas composition concentration according to claim 1, which is characterized in that reference electrode and selection
The collected potential difference signal of electrode passes after Signal Regulation and amplifying circuit amplification in signal conversion and data processing module
It passs A/D signal conversion circuit and is converted into digital signal, pass to single-chip microcontroller later, be obtained by calculation in absorbent solution corresponding
The measured value of ion concentration to be measured.
3. a kind of measurement method of flue gas composition concentration according to claim 1, which is characterized in that single-chip microcontroller control is automatic
Charging gear adds solute, and specific step is as follows：
1) single-chip microcontroller calculates the molal quantity n to measured ion；
2) when n increases a setting value m, single-chip microcontroller controls the work of automatic machine material machine, adds the solute of mM；Wherein M is
Molal weight.
4. a kind of measurement method of flue gas composition concentration according to claim 1, which is characterized in that closed container bottom is set
There is blender；The upper space of absorbent solution in closed container is also communicated with the residual air collection device for absorbing residual air.
5. a kind of measuring system of flue gas composition concentration, which is characterized in that at air pump, filter, signal conversion and data
Manage module, data transmission system and single-chip microcontroller；
Air pump connects several closed containers by filter, and a certain component in flue gas can be absorbed by being equipped in each closed container
Absorbent solution；
A reference electrode and a selection electrode are inserted in every kind of absorbent solution；The selection electrode is for testing in flue gas
A certain component is absorbed after solution absorbs and forms the concentration to measured ion；Reference electrode and the selection collected potential difference of electrode
It is transferred in a signal conversion and data processing module, passes to A/D signal after Signal Regulation and amplifying circuit amplification
Conversion circuit is converted into digital signal, passes to single-chip microcontroller later, is obtained by calculation accordingly dense to measured ion in absorbent solution
The measured value of degree；
Single-chip microcontroller is calculated the step of measured value of corresponding ion concentration to be measured in absorbent solution and is：
1) the molal quantity n of X ion in absorbent solution is acquired, relational expression is n=[X] V；Wherein, [X] is the concentration of X ion, V
For the volume of the corresponding absorbent solution for detecting the X ion；X ion by a certain component of survey be absorbed solution absorb after formed to
Measured ion；
2) by the molal quantity of X ion to the derivation of time t, i.e. dn/dt；
3) concentration c=(dn/dt)/Q of component corresponding to X ion in current flue gas is found outV, unit mol/m3；
Wherein, QvFor the flue gas volume flow being passed through in step 1) in absorbent solution；
Single-chip microcontroller is also connected with automatic feeding device, for corresponding solute being added into absorbent solution to guarantee absorbent solution
Absorbability.
6. a kind of measuring system of flue gas composition concentration according to claim 5, which is characterized in that closed container bottom is set
There is blender；The upper space of absorbent solution in closed container is also communicated with the residual air collection device for absorbing residual air.
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| CN106596439B (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2023-08-18 | 暨南大学 | Equipment and method for simultaneously measuring nitrous acid, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in air |
| CN111610297A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-01 | 北京国电龙源环保工程有限公司 | Constant volume absorption device for ammonia escape measurement by absorption method and working method thereof |
| CN111610296A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-01 | 北京国电龙源环保工程有限公司 | Sampling absorption measurement device and method for multi-point automatic switching of ammonia in flue gas |
| CN111610717B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-07-29 | 国能龙源环保有限公司 | Control method of ammonia absorption device absorption liquid self-adaptive updating control system |
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| JP4071686B2 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2008-04-02 | 東亜ディーケーケー株式会社 | Conductivity measurement cell |
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| US4145913A (en) * | 1976-03-01 | 1979-03-27 | National Research Development Corporation | Gas detectors |
| US5098848A (en) * | 1989-09-19 | 1992-03-24 | Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh | Method and apparatus for measuring the air content of water-soluble oxidizers |
| DE19713469C1 (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1998-10-08 | Umsicht Inst Fuer Umwelt Siche | Micro-engineered multi-component gas analysis unit |
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