CN105674304A - 园林垃圾焚烧锅炉 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1861—Waste heat boilers with supplementary firing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
- F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
- F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
- F23B30/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces that move through the combustion zone, e.g. with chain grates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
- F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
- F23G2204/101—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel solid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
- F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,包括炉膛、钢架、炉排、给料***、水平烟道和尾部烟道。所述炉膛后依次设置有水平烟道和尾部烟道,且呈“冂”型布置。所述水平烟道下部设置有灰斗和回燃管。所述炉排为倒转链条炉排。所述中温过热器最后一排管束上部布置有挡板,且挡板之间留有间隙。炉膛前部布置有给料***。所述给料***包括园林垃圾仓、备用料仓、输送设备、送风装置和给料斗。所述给料***可按炉排宽度平均布置成多线并列模式。所述给料斗分为上下两层,上层为园林垃圾料斗,下层为备用燃料料斗,且分别设置有独立的送风装置。本发明能高效地处理园林垃圾,根据园林垃圾的变化情况,灵活、方便地调节给料***,以保证锅炉的连续运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃烧园林垃圾,并产生蒸汽用于供汽、发电的园林垃圾焚烧锅炉。
背景技术
园林废弃物也称为园林垃圾,主要是指园林植物自然凋落或人工修剪所产生的枯枝、落叶、谢花、树木与灌木剪枝及其他植物残体等。随着我国城镇化速度的不断加快,人居环境的改善,城市园林绿地总量不断稳步增长,但随之而来绿化所产生的废弃物也在不断增加。现如今能源紧张、价格居高不下,园林垃圾作为一种可再生能源,不仅可以废物利用,提高经济效益;同时,由于园林垃圾相比其他城市垃圾而言,其污染少、不含重金属等有毒有害物质,烟气净化处理成本低,二次污染小。
此外,园林垃圾产生地较分散,体积大,水分含量高,不同于其他生物质燃料,受季节、收运情况、破碎机损坏维修等因素影响,园林垃圾日产量浮动巨大,夏季园林垃圾产生量约为冬季的2~3倍。普通的生物质焚烧炉无法适应这些变化,往往被迫停炉,资源利用率低。因此,迫切需要开发一种全新的、可持续运行的、能适应垃圾量变化的园林垃圾焚烧锅炉。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉。
解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,包括炉膛、钢架、炉排、给料***、水平烟道和尾部烟道,所述炉膛后依次设置有水平烟道和尾部烟道,且呈“冂”型布置,炉膛出口处折焰角的上方布置有高温过热器,水平烟道内布置中温过热器和低温过热器,水平烟道下部设置有灰斗和回燃管,炉膛前部布置有给料***,所述给料***包括园林垃圾仓、备用料仓、输送设备、送风装置和给料斗。
进一步的,所述炉排为倒转链条炉排,炉排片采用耐热铸钢。
进一步的,所述中温过热器最后一排管束上部布置有挡板,且挡板之间留有间隙。
进一步的,所述水平烟道下部设置有灰斗和回燃管。
进一步的,所述给料***包括园林垃圾仓、备用料仓、输送设备、送风装置、给料斗。
进一步的,所述给料***可按炉排宽度平均布置成多线并列模式。
进一步的,所述给料斗分为上下两层,上层为园林垃圾料斗,下层为备用燃料料斗,且分别设置有独立的送风装置。
进一步的,园林垃圾需经过破碎工序,破碎长度约为40mm。
进一步的,所述备用燃料可选用燃煤等燃料。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1.园林垃圾包括一些树木与灌木剪枝,体积庞大,不利于运输和焚烧,因此园林垃圾均需经过破碎工序,再输送至园林垃圾仓。破碎成小块的园林垃圾依靠送风装置均匀地抛送到炉排上,悬浮燃烧与层燃相结合,提高燃烧效果,燃烧充分。
2.在中温过热器最后一排管束上部布置有挡板,能有效分离烟气中的飞灰以及其它尚未完全燃烧的物质。这些物质由水平烟道下部灰斗收集,并通过回燃管送回炉膛,使其充分燃烧。挡板之间留有膨胀间隙,以防止过热器管损坏。
3.给料***根据炉排宽度布置成多线平行的形式,有利于园林垃圾和备用燃料均匀地抛送到炉排上,避免炉排局部过热烧坏。
4.料斗采用上下两层布置,可根据园林垃圾变化情况,灵活调节给料***。当园林垃圾量大的时候,单独使用上层料斗;也可在园林垃圾量少或者破碎机损坏无法破碎园林垃圾时,使用下层料斗投送备用燃料,以保证锅炉的正常运行,避免停炉。
5.通常水平烟道积灰情况较为严重,靠单纯的吹灰***清灰效果不佳,此外烟气中夹杂部分未完全燃烧物质,因此采用除灰回燃装置将飞灰以及未完全燃烧物质送回炉膛内充分燃烧。
6.在炉膛中布置前拱和折焰角,增加了烟气流程,改善炉内气流充满度,加强烟气扰动。
7.所述倒转链条炉排炉排片采用耐热铸钢,与以往炉排片所采用耐热铸铁相比,耐热铸钢韧性、强度高,耐热温度高,使用寿命长。
综上所述,采用本发明的上述结构后,能高效地处理园林垃圾,根据园林垃圾的变化情况,灵活、方便地调节给料***,以保证锅炉的连续运行。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为图1的俯视图;
图3为图1的Ⅰ处放大图;
图4为图3的俯视图。
附图标记含义:1为炉膛,2为钢架,3为炉排,4为给料***,5为水平烟道,6为尾部烟道,7为水冷前拱,8为折焰角,9为高温过热器,10为中温过热器,11为低温过热器,12为省煤器,13为空气预热器,14为灰斗,15为回燃管,41为园林垃圾仓、42为备用料仓、43为输送设备、44为送风装置、45为给料斗。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明作进一步的阐述。
如图1所示,本发明的园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,包括炉膛1、钢架2、炉排3、给料***4、水平烟道5和尾部烟道6。所述炉膛1安装于钢架2上,炉排3设置在炉膛1下方。所述炉排3为倒转链条炉排,炉排片采用耐热铸钢。所述炉膛1后依次设置有水平烟道5和尾部烟道6,且呈“冂”型布置。炉膛1前部布置有给料***4。所述炉膛1前部下方设置水冷前拱7,炉膛1出口下缘处向炉内突出形成折焰角8。所述炉膛1出口处折焰角8的上方布置有高温过热器9。所述水平烟道5内顺烟气流动方向布置有两级对流过热器,包括设置在前方的中温过热器10和设置在后方低温过热器11。所述尾部烟道6从上到下依次布置有省煤器12和空气预热器13。所述水平烟道5下部设置有灰斗14和回燃管15。
如图1、图2所示,所述给料***4包括园林垃圾仓41、备用料仓42、输送设备43、送风装置44、给料斗45。所述给料***4可按炉排宽度平均布置成多线并列模式。所述给料斗45分为上下两层,上层为园林垃圾料斗,下层为备用燃料料斗,且分别设置有独立的送风装置44。园林垃圾运输至卸料大厅后,经过破碎工序,破碎长度约为40mm,经输送机输送至园林垃圾仓41,通过上层料斗抛入炉膛1内。当园林垃圾量大的时候,无需使用备用燃料;当园林垃圾量低于锅炉设计值时,需投备用燃料,即园林垃圾与备用燃料混合燃烧,以保证锅炉正常运行。
如图3和4所示,所述中温过热器10最后一排管束上部布置有挡板16,且挡板16之间留有膨胀间隙,以防止过热器管损坏。运行过程中,烟气中掺杂飞灰、未完全燃烧物质等颗粒,经过挡板16时落入水平烟道5下方灰斗14,通过回燃管15直接送回炉膛1,充分燃烧。
Claims (6)
1.一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,包括炉膛、钢架、炉排、给料***、水平烟道和尾部烟道,其特征在于:所述炉膛后依次设置有水平烟道和尾部烟道,且呈“冂”型布置,炉膛出口处折焰角的上方布置有高温过热器,水平烟道内布置中温过热器和低温过热器,水平烟道下部设置有灰斗和回燃管,炉膛前部布置有给料***,所述给料***包括园林垃圾仓、备用料仓、输送设备、送风装置和给料斗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,其特征在于所述炉排为倒转链条炉排,炉排片采用耐热铸钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,其特征在于所述中温过热器最后一排管束上部布置有挡板,且挡板之间留有间隙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,其特征在于所述给料***按炉排宽度平均布置成多线并列模式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,其特征在于所述给料斗分为上下两层,上层为园林垃圾料斗,下层为备用燃料料斗,且分别设置有独立的送风装置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种园林垃圾焚烧锅炉,其特征在于所述园林垃圾需经过破碎工序,破碎长度约为40mm。
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CN201875680U (zh) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-06-22 | 伟明环保设备有限公司 | 燃用垃圾衍生燃料、废塑料和废木的锅炉 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106705065A (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-24 | 浙江伟明环保股份有限公司 | 工业垃圾与生活垃圾混合燃烧的锅炉 |
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