CN105668845A - 以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法 - Google Patents
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- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，包括以下步骤：1)将经油水分离后的油田采出水首先输入气浮沉降罐，通过气浮、沉降，除去其中的悬浮固体和油类，得到的产水标记为处理水I；2)将所述处理水I转移至混合反应池，向其中加入碳酸钠，混合均匀，然后将其泵送至超滤装置，采用错流过滤，收集滤过液，标记为处理水II；3)将所述处理水II经过加压泵输送至纳滤装置，过滤，收集滤过液，即得回注水。该方法能显著提高油田采出水作为回注水的品质，同时降低回注水中二、三价离子的含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油开采领域，特别是涉及一种以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法。
背景技术
由于海上采油平台的寿命短、风险高，随着渤海油田的大力开发，油田产出污水量日益加大，而油田产出污水又不能平衡回注到油层,多余部分只能外排。这样做一方面会造成水资源的浪费,增加油田操作成本,另一方面会造成环境污染。采出水处理后回注是保障油田可持续性开发并减轻环境污染的一个重要途径。但油田采出水含油量、矿化度、固体悬浮物含量高，且含有腐生菌和硫酸盐还原菌，以及采油过程、油水破乳及输送过程中投加的种类繁杂的药剂，使其处理难度极大。由于油田采出水量与注入水量不平衡，需要通过打水源井或直接注入海水的方式补充水量。打水源井不仅成本很高，而且井水的矿化度一般较低，与储层水的盐度相差较大，会引起储层中粘土颗粒的迁移,致使渗流孔堵塞。
油田注入水中因含硫酸盐还原菌将硫酸盐还原为硫化氢而使储层变为酸性，从而引起采油井和地面设施受腐蚀，并产生硫化物水垢，造成设备管线的堵塞。同时部分油田注入水中的二价铁、三价铁含量超标，由于二价铁氧化后生产三价铁，三价铁易生成氢氧化铁胶体，胶体失稳最终变为氧化铁沉积，造成注入水中固体悬浮物含量上升。虽然增加聚合物的注入浓度可以提高水溶液的粘度，但相应增加了生产操作成本，使聚合物驱难以发挥应有的经济效益。因此，利用聚合物及相应配套的污水处理技术，在满足油田污水配制聚合物溶液需求的前提下可大幅度降低聚合物驱过程中聚合物用量，有利于三次采油的发展及油田的稳产增效。目前全国主要油田的注水水质标准参照石油天然气行业标准《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》(SY/T5329—1994)。该标准对水中悬浮物含量及粒径、含油量、细菌含量等几项指标有严格要求，但对注水中易致垢的二价离子则没有相应的要求。
目前，将油田采出水作为回注水的传统处理工艺为：将油田采出水经油水分离后的含油污水首先进入沉降罐，进行自然沉降，去除大部分颗粒较大的悬浮固体和油，再进入气浮、横向流或磁分离等一些高效分离器，通过加入一些絮凝剂，如聚合氯化铁、聚合氯化铝、聚磷酸钠等的一种或多种复合试剂，进一步去除污水中的悬浮固体和油，经两次净化后的污水再依次进入核桃壳过滤器、沙滤、二次沙滤进行深处理；但此时的出水只能达到A2级标准，即含油量≤8mg/L，悬浮固体含量≤3mg/L，粒径中值≤2μm。
发明内容
为了进一步提高油田采出水作为回注水的品质，同时降低回注水中二、三价离子的含量，本发明提供一种以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，具体技术方案如下：
一种以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将经油水分离后的油田采出水首先输入气浮沉降罐，通过气浮、沉降，除去其中的悬浮固体和油类，得到的产水标记为处理水I；
2)将所述处理水I转移至混合反应池，向其中加入碳酸钠，混合均匀，去除钙离子及镁离子，然后将其泵送至超滤装置，采用错流过滤，收集滤过液，标记为处理水II；
3)将所述处理水II经过加压泵输送至纳滤装置，过滤，去除处理水II中的二价阴离子，如硫酸根离子、碳酸根离子，及三价铁离子，收集滤过液，即得回注水。
优选，步骤2)中碳酸钠的投加量为3～8mg/L。
优选，步骤2)中加入碳酸钠的同时还加入分散剂，所述分散剂的投加量为0.3～8wt.‰；再优选，所述分散剂为马来酸丙烯酸共聚物或聚羧酸类阻垢分散剂。
优选，所述超滤装置中选用的超滤膜为中空纤维超滤膜或陶瓷超滤膜，其截留分子量为2～10万道尔顿，超滤的操作压力为0.03～0.3MPa。
优选，所述纳滤装置选用的纳滤膜为有机膜，操作压力范围2～4MPa，对硫酸根离子、碳酸根离子及三价铁离子的截留率高于90％。
利用本发明方法得到的产水水质达到石油天然气行业标准《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》(SY/T5329—1994)，并对易结垢的二价阳离子进行了去除，即含油量≤5mg/L，悬浮固体含量≤1mg/L，粒径中值≤1μm，SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)≤10m/L，IB(铁细菌)≤60m/L，Ca2+＝0mg/L，Mg2+＝0mg/L，Fe3+≤1mg/L。与传统技术相比具有以下优点：(1)用该方法处理油田采出废水显著提高污水配制聚合物溶液的粘度，注水可直接达回注要求，在满足油田污水配制聚合物溶液需求的前提下可大幅度降低聚合物驱过程中的聚合物用量，有利于三次采油的稳产增效。(2)该技术能有去除易结垢的二价阳离子及三价铁离子，防止了地层堵塞及铁离子对地层的伤害。(3)工艺简单，易操作，占用面积小。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。
实施例1
渤海M油田在油水分离后，含油污水首先进入气浮沉降罐进行气浮沉降，去除采油废水中的悬浮固体和油类；出水加入沉淀剂Na2CO3投加量为4mg/L，经过PVDF超滤膜，其截留分子量为2万道尔顿；采用错流过滤方式，操作压力为0.1MPa，超滤产水；将超滤产再经过纳滤膜，操作压力为2MPa，最后产水含油量为4mg/L，悬浮固体含量为0.8mg/L，粒径中值0.8μm，SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)6m/L，IB(铁细菌)40m/L，Ca2+为0mg/L，Mg2+为0mg/L，Fe3+为0.8mg/L，达到回注水标准。
实施例2
渤海N油田在油水分离后，含油污水首先进入沉降罐进行自然沉降，去除部分大的悬浮固体和油；经过前处理后的采出水注入混合反应池，向其中加入6mg/L的碳酸钠和3wt.‰的分散剂马来酸丙烯酸共聚物，混合均匀，然后将其泵送至超滤装置，超滤装置中选用的超滤膜为陶瓷超滤膜，其截留分子量为5万道尔顿；在0.05MPa压力下，采用错流过滤，收集滤过液，超滤产水，经过纳滤膜，其对硫酸根离子、碳酸根离子及三价铁离子的截留率高于90％，操作压力为3MPa，最后产水含油量为5mg/L，悬浮固体含量为0.6mg/L，粒径中值0.7μm，SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)5m/L，IB(铁细菌)55m/L，Ca2+为0mg/L，Mg2+为0mg/L，Fe3+为0.7mg/L，达到回注水标准。
Claims (6)
1.一种以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1)将经油水分离后的油田采出水首先输入气浮沉降罐，通过气浮、沉降，除去其中的悬浮固体和油类，得到的产水标记为处理水I；
2)将所述处理水I转移至混合反应池，向其中加入碳酸钠，混合均匀，然后将其泵送至超滤装置，采用错流过滤，收集滤过液，标记为处理水II；
3)将所述处理水II经过加压泵输送至纳滤装置，过滤，收集滤过液，即得回注水。
2.如权利要求1所述以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中碳酸钠的投加量为3～8mg/L。
3.如权利要求1或2所述以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中加入碳酸钠的同时还加入分散剂，所述分散剂的投加量为0.3～8wt.‰。
4.如权利要求3所述以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，其特征在于：所述分散剂为马来酸丙烯酸共聚物或聚羧酸类阻垢分散剂。
5.如权利要求1所述以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，其特征在于：所述超滤装置中选用的超滤膜为中空纤维超滤膜或陶瓷超滤膜，其截留分子量为2～10万道尔顿，超滤的操作压力为0.03～0.3MPa。
6.如权利要求1所述以油田采出水作为回注水的处理方法，其特征在于：所述纳滤装置选用的纳滤膜为有机膜，操作压力范围2～4MPa，对硫酸根离子、碳酸根离子及三价铁离子的截留率高于90％。
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| CN116239132A (zh) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-06-09 | 格尔木藏格锂业有限公司 | 一种盐湖卤水制备电池级碳酸锂过程中回收碳酸根的方法 |
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| CN101353188A (zh) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-01-28 | 安徽普朗膜技术有限公司 | 去除含聚驱三次采油废水杂质的方法 |
| CN105060582A (zh) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-18 | 波鹰(厦门)科技有限公司 | 一种采油废水处理及其循环利用方法 |
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| CN101353188A (zh) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-01-28 | 安徽普朗膜技术有限公司 | 去除含聚驱三次采油废水杂质的方法 |
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| CN114394691B (zh) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-21 | 太原理工大学 | 一种无药剂高效洁净处理洗煤水的装置 |
| CN116239132A (zh) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-06-09 | 格尔木藏格锂业有限公司 | 一种盐湖卤水制备电池级碳酸锂过程中回收碳酸根的方法 |
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