CN105668612A - Preparation method of hexagonal-tube-shaped indium oxide with complex as precursor - Google Patents
Preparation method of hexagonal-tube-shaped indium oxide with complex as precursor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105668612A CN105668612A CN201610144557.1A CN201610144557A CN105668612A CN 105668612 A CN105668612 A CN 105668612A CN 201610144557 A CN201610144557 A CN 201610144557A CN 105668612 A CN105668612 A CN 105668612A
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- indium
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- terephthalic acid
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- indium oxide
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- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 indium (III)-terephthalic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sulfide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1SCC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K Indium trichloride Inorganic materials Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000593 microemulsion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G15/00—Compounds of gallium, indium or thallium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/08—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of gallium, indium or thallium
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
Abstract
The invention relates to hexagonal-tube-shaped indium oxide and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of inorganic oxide semiconductor material preparation.Indium oxide is prepared with an indium (III)-terephthalic acid complex serving as the precursor, and the appearance and size of indium oxide are controlled.The method specifically includes the following steps of firstly, mixing indium nitrate and terephthalic acid in an N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution to be heated and stirred to obtain the indium (III)-terephthalic acid complex, and further conducting centrifugal separating, washing and drying to obtain the indium (III)-terephthalic acid complex to be subjected to pyrolysis to prepare an indium oxide material.The indium oxide and the preparation method have the advantages that the preparation process is simple and easy to implement, the appearance and structure of obtained indium oxide can be effectively controlled, the obtained product has good degrading capacity for 4-chlorophenol, and good application prospects are achieved in the field of sewage treatment and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of take title complex as Indium sesquioxide six square tube and its preparation method of presoma, belongs to inorganic oxide technical field of semiconductor material preparation.
Background technology
Environmental pollution and energy shortage are the significant challenge that current mankind runs into, and effectively utilize sun power to be one of important method solving this difficult problem. Wherein using semiconductor material as photocatalyst, utilizing sun power to carry out the photocatalytic process such as the cracking of water, the degraded of organic pollutant is the important channel currently effectively utilizing sun power, receives the extensive concern of scientist. In photocatalytic process, the quality of catalyst performance is important influence factor, and thus stable, the efficient photocatalyst of exploitation preparation is a current research focus. Indium sesquioxide (In2O3) it is a kind of importantnN-type semiconductorN material, has broad stopband, optical transparence height, feature that electroconductibility is high, has important using value in fields such as gas sensing, photochemical catalysis, solar cell and solid-state light electron devices. It is well known that its character of the structures shape of material. Synthesis have different structure, shape looks, size Indium sesquioxide material be further investigation its character precondition. At present, scientist has synthesized the Indium sesquioxide material with different-shape structures such as spherical, bar-shaped, flower-shaped, cubess by methods such as hydro-thermal or solvent-thermal method, template, microemulsion methods. The general step of these synthetic methods is first by InCl3In (OH) it is converted under certain condition Deng indium salt3, then by In (OH)3At high temperature decompose and obtained In2O3. method is simple for this type of, but for effectively controlling In2O3Appearance structure still there is bigger difficulty, explore further the In with novel appearance structure2O3The preparation method of material still has important science and practice significance.
By metal ion and organic ligand by the title complex that coordination is constructed have structure Modulatory character strong, be easy to synthesis preparation and there is excellent performance and receive much concern in the many-side such as catalysis, atmosphere storage. In recent years, scientist constantly reported and becomes to have the micron of various appearance structure or the achievement in research of nano particle by the complex preparation of conventional blocks. Inspire by this, be there is by control reaction conditions synthesis title complex micron or the nano particle of specific morphology, and by high temperature pyrolysis in this, as presoma and strictly control temperature rise rate and can prepare the oxide material with specific novel shape looks. Title complex can lose the components such as hydrocarbon in pyrolytic process, but its structure and morphology can remain unchanged. The concern that thus appearance structure of material got more and more can be effectively controlled by this method.
Summary of the invention
Prior art is difficult to the appearance structure of effective controlled oxidization indium, for this defect, the present invention provides a kind of taking indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex as presoma, the method by pyrolysis preparation with the Indium sesquioxide of six square tube type structures, to improve the weak point of prior art in Indium sesquioxide material Morphological control.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions, the preparation method of a kind of six square tube type Indium sesquioxides taking title complex as presoma, comprises the following steps:
1) take five nitric hydrate indiums and it is dissolved in N, in N '-dimethyl methane amide (DMF), be mixed with the solution 10ml of 0.05-0.25 mol/L;
2) take terephthalic acid and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml of 0.05-0.25 mol/L;
3) above-mentioned steps 1 and step 2 gained solution are mixed, and 50oStir 10-30 minute under C, obtain milky turbidity liquid;
4), by milky white for gained color cloud liquid whizzer centrifugation, under rotating speed 3000-4000 rev/min of condition after centrifugal 5 minutes, move and remove colourless solution in centrifuge tube, obtain milky white precipitate product;
5) the milky white precipitate product that obtains with DMF and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning respectively and 80oDry under C, obtained indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex;
6) step 5 gained indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex is transferred in crucible, puts into retort furnace, with 1-2oThe temperature rise rate of C/ minute is slowly warming up to 400-500oC, and at corresponding temperature, lower heating obtains pale yellow powder shape product for 40-80 minute, is six square tube type Indium sesquioxides.
The useful effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of novel oxidized phosphide material, namely pyrolysis is carried out by presoma of corresponding title complex, present method, by the appearance structure of the appearance structure control oxide of regulation and control complex precursors, is conducive to preparing the Indium sesquioxide with novel shape looks;
(2) product that prepared by the present invention is the Indium sesquioxide of six square tube types, product novel in shape, and size is even;
(3) Indium sesquioxide that prepared by the present invention has good ultraviolet-visible absorption performance;
(4) 4-chlorophenol is shown good photocatalytic degradation performance by the Indium sesquioxide that prepared by the present invention;
The common equipment that the preparation of the present invention only needs laboratory conventional, does not need specific equipment, and technological process is simple and easy to do.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of shooting after the indium prepared by the inventive method (III)-Hitachi of terephthalic acid complex precursors Japan Hitachi-SU8020 field emission scanning electron microscope is observed;
Fig. 2 is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of shooting after Hitachi of the Japan of the Indium sesquioxide prepared by the inventive method Hitachi-SU8020 field emission scanning electron microscope is observed;
Fig. 3 is X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure of the Indium sesquioxide prepared by the inventive method;
Fig. 4 is the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy figure that gained tested by Japan's ShimadzuUV-3101PC type ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer of the Indium sesquioxide prepared by the inventive method (UV-Vis-NIR);
Fig. 5 is that the Indium sesquioxide prepared by the inventive method is to the photodegradation graphic representation of 4-chlorophenol.
Embodiment
Below by concrete embodiment and by reference to the accompanying drawings the content of the present invention is described in further detail, but these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
First take five nitric hydrate indiums and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml that concentration is 0.05 mole often liter. Take terephthalic acid again and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml that concentration is 0.05 mole often liter. Then it is incorporated in 50 by mixed for above-mentioned two kinds of solutionoStir 20 minutes under C, obtain the muddy liquid of oyster white. Above-mentioned turbid liquid after centrifugal 10 minutes, is moved and removes colourless solution in centrifuge tube, obtain milky white precipitate product, be indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex under 3000 revs/min of condition.Successively use precipitated product three times that DMF and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning obtain and 80oDry under C. Title complex after oven dry is transferred in crucible and puts into retort furnace. With 1oThe temperature rise rate of C/ minute is slowly warming up to 500 from room temperatureoC is also incubated 50 minutes, and Temperature fall obtains pale yellow powder to room temperature, is the Indium sesquioxide product of six square tube types.
Embodiment 2
First take five nitric hydrate indiums and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml that concentration is 0.1 mole often liter. Take terephthalic acid again and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml that concentration is 0.1 mole often liter. Then it is incorporated in 50 by mixed for above-mentioned two kinds of solutionoStir 30 minutes under C, obtain the muddy liquid of oyster white. Above-mentioned turbid liquid after centrifugal 15 minutes, is moved and removes colourless solution in centrifuge tube, obtain milky white precipitate product, be indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex under 4000 revs/min of condition. Successively use precipitated product three times that DMF and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning obtain and 80oDry under C. Title complex after oven dry is transferred in crucible and puts into retort furnace. With 2oThe temperature rise rate of C/ minute is slowly warming up to 400 from room temperatureoC is also incubated 80 minutes, and Temperature fall obtains pale yellow powder to room temperature, is the Indium sesquioxide product of six square tube types.
Embodiment 3
First take five nitric hydrate indiums and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml that concentration is 0.2 mole often liter. Take terephthalic acid again and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml that concentration is 0.2 mole often liter. Then it is incorporated in 50 by mixed for above-mentioned two kinds of solutionoStir 30 minutes under C, obtain the muddy liquid of oyster white. Above-mentioned turbid liquid after centrifugal 15 minutes, is moved and removes colourless solution in centrifuge tube, obtain milky white precipitate product, be indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex under 4000 revs/min of condition. Successively use precipitated product three times that DMF and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning obtain and 80oDry under C. Title complex after oven dry is transferred in crucible and puts into retort furnace. With 2oThe temperature rise rate of C/ minute is slowly warming up to 500 from room temperatureoC is also incubated 60 minutes, and Temperature fall obtains pale yellow powder to room temperature, is the Indium sesquioxide product of six square tube types.
Embodiment 4
The photocatalysis performance evaluation of the Indium sesquioxide prepared by the inventive method.
The catalytic performance of the indium oxide photocatalyst prepared by the inventive method is by, under simulation ultraviolet-visible, adopting the situation of sample degradation 4-chlorophenol to carry out evaluating. Concrete steps are as follows: take the Indium sesquioxide sample prepared by 50mg first respectively, join in the 4-chlorophenol solution that 100ml concentration is 25mg/L and ultrasonic 5 minutes to be uniformly dispersed. Above-mentioned mixing solutions is stirred 10 minutes under lucifuge state, then transfers in 300 watts of xenon lamp catalyticreactors, open xenon lamp and constantly stir. 1.0ml is got to, in centrifuge tube, testing its ultra-violet absorption spectrum after centrifugal with shifting liquid rifle every 30 minutes. Accompanying drawing 5 prepared by the present invention sample under simulation ultraviolet-visible to the degradation effect figure of 4-chlorophenol.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of a square tube type Indium sesquioxide, it is characterised in that the step of preparation method is as follows:
1) take five nitric hydrate indiums and it is dissolved in N, in N '-dimethyl methane amide (DMF), be mixed with the solution 10ml of 0.05-0.25 mol/L;
2) take terephthalic acid and it is dissolved in DMF, be mixed with the solution 10ml of 0.05-0.25 mol/L;
3) above-mentioned steps 1 and step 2 gained solution are mixed, and 50oStir 10-30 minute under C, obtain milky turbidity liquid;
4), by milky white for gained color cloud liquid whizzer centrifugation, under rotating speed 3000-4000 rev/min of condition after centrifugal 5 minutes, move and remove colourless solution in centrifuge tube, obtain milky white precipitate product;
5) the milky white precipitate product that obtains with DMF and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning respectively and 80oDry under C, obtained indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex;
6) step 5 gained indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex is transferred in crucible, puts into retort furnace, with 1-2oThe temperature rise rate of C/ minute is slowly warming up to 400-500oC, and at corresponding temperature, lower heating obtains pale yellow powder shape product for 40-80 minute, is six square tube type Indium sesquioxides.
2. the preparation method of Indium sesquioxide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the preparation of described Indium sesquioxide is taking indium (III)-terephthalic acid title complex as presoma.
3. the preparation method of Indium sesquioxide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, in described indium (III)-terephthalic acid complex preparation, the feed ratio of indium nitrate and terephthalic acid is 1:1, and solvent for use is N, N '-dimethyl methane amide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610144557.1A CN105668612A (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | Preparation method of hexagonal-tube-shaped indium oxide with complex as precursor |
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| CN201610144557.1A CN105668612A (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | Preparation method of hexagonal-tube-shaped indium oxide with complex as precursor |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108793228A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-13 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of synthetic method of carbon-coated indium oxide hollow bar |
| CN109019672A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 济南大学 | A kind of porous oxidation indium micro-pipe preparation method with unique morphology |
| CN109205686A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-15 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Nickel oxide based on MOF/indium sesquioxide heterojunction nanometer material preparation method and product and application |
| CN110540235A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-06 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of Ni-doped hollow indium oxide tube responsive to formaldehyde |
| CN110540234A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-06 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of chromium-modified hollow indium oxide with high response to ammonia gas |
| CN110550652A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-10 | 济南大学 | preparation method of hexagonal indium oxide hollow box with special appearance |
| CN110563026A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-13 | 济南大学 | preparation method of rGO composite indium oxide sheet with high gas-sensitive performance |
| CN110668490A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2020-01-10 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of cerium-doped indium oxide hollow box with hexagonal structure |
| CN115140759A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-10-04 | 沈阳化工大学 | In 2 O 3 Preparation and application of composite material Formaldehyde gas sensor method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108793228A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-13 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of synthetic method of carbon-coated indium oxide hollow bar |
| CN109019672A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 济南大学 | A kind of porous oxidation indium micro-pipe preparation method with unique morphology |
| CN109205686A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-15 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Nickel oxide based on MOF/indium sesquioxide heterojunction nanometer material preparation method and product and application |
| CN110550652A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-10 | 济南大学 | preparation method of hexagonal indium oxide hollow box with special appearance |
| CN110563026A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-13 | 济南大学 | preparation method of rGO composite indium oxide sheet with high gas-sensitive performance |
| CN110668490A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2020-01-10 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of cerium-doped indium oxide hollow box with hexagonal structure |
| CN110540235A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-06 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of Ni-doped hollow indium oxide tube responsive to formaldehyde |
| CN110540234A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-06 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of chromium-modified hollow indium oxide with high response to ammonia gas |
| CN115140759A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-10-04 | 沈阳化工大学 | In 2 O 3 Preparation and application of composite material Formaldehyde gas sensor method |
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