CN105667464A - 基于云存储的电动汽车换电***和方法 - Google Patents

基于云存储的电动汽车换电***和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105667464A
CN105667464A CN201610158141.5A CN201610158141A CN105667464A CN 105667464 A CN105667464 A CN 105667464A CN 201610158141 A CN201610158141 A CN 201610158141A CN 105667464 A CN105667464 A CN 105667464A
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China
Prior art keywords
power brick
information
electromobile
station
power
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Pending
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CN201610158141.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
陈飞
李世敬
邓小嘉
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NIO Nextev Ltd
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NIO Nextev Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to CN201610158141.5A priority Critical patent/CN105667464A/zh
Publication of CN105667464A publication Critical patent/CN105667464A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/076219 priority patent/WO2017157245A1/zh
Priority to EP17765787.1A priority patent/EP3431324B1/en
Priority to US16/086,125 priority patent/US11084365B2/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电动汽车，具体提供一种基于云存储的电动汽车换电***和方法，旨在解决现有电动汽车能量补给***使用不方便以及电池包个体差异过大、成本过高等问题。为此目的，本发明提供一种基于云存储的电动汽车换电***。该***包括：电池包信息存储装置，其用于存储电动汽车的电池包信息；电池包调配站，其用于存储电池包和对电池包进行充电；以及换电站，其用于给电动汽车更换电池包以及与电池包信息存储装置通讯以便将电池包的信息传输给电池包信息存储装置。此外，电池包的电池管理***设置在电动汽车上，位于电池包外部。本发明的***不但使电动汽车的能够补给变得更加方便，而且还降低了电池包供给成本，使换电站的规模化建设成为可能。

Description

基于云存储的电动汽车换电***和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车，具体提供一种基于云存储的电动汽车换电***和方法。
背景技术
目前，随着新能源汽车特别是纯电动汽车在全球特别是中国的迅速推广普及，充电速度慢，充电站(充电桩)数量少，换电慢，换电站少，分布不合理、用户对电池包差异性的担忧等问题，成为制约电动汽车日常使用便利性和进一步普及的最大瓶颈。
一般来讲，充电速度受电池本身电化学特性和电网节点功率制约，换电是比较理想的选择，更符合传统汽车用户的使用习惯。但是，电池本身，由于厂家、标准、使用时间、使用环境的不同，以及汽车电池包的电气、机械接口，电池管理***接口的不同，而个体差异巨大。因此，由一家或几家联合的整车厂，而不是电池企业，主导换电站的建设，是当下的主流。
由于车辆的换电频次和位置存在不确定性，为提高客户满意度，换电站备用的电池包数量需要大大高于电动汽车的数量。因此，降低电池包本身的成本，是企业或组织迅速扩大换电站规模，推广电动汽车应用的必由之路。同时，减少换电接口(电气、机械、通信)的复杂度，也是降低换电站普及的技术难度，降低成本的有效手段。
另外，电池包何时更换，在多少使用寿命，多少容量残余时更换，应随取决于用户的需求。因此，如何计算换电费用，如何更方便地付费，如何确保用户放心大胆地换包而不用担心换上的电池包存在质量问题，对电池包参数在其整个生命周期内的追踪管理，都是推广换电的必要条件。
综上所述，现有的电动汽车补给***存在下述问题：电池包本身信息存储于包内的电池管理***中，增加了电池包供给成本；电池管理***中的信息只与汽车本身交互，不能与换电***交互；电池包信息未联网，影响电池包的合理调配和管理；付费不能与电池包寿命、容量等信息紧密联系；用户不能实时了解电池包分布供应情况，不能对何时换电、何处换电进行预测；电池包接口复杂，影响换电速度。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的电动汽车换电***和方法来解决这些问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决现有技术中的上述问题，即，旨在解决现有电动汽车补给***使用不方便以及电池包个体差异过大、成本过高等问题。为此目的，本发明提供了下列技术方案。
方案1、一种基于云存储的电动汽车换电***，包括：电池包信息存储装置，其用于存储电动汽车的电池包信息；电池包调配站，其与所述电池包信息存储装置通讯以便实时获取所述电池包信息存储装置中的电池包信息；以及换电站，其用于物理存储电池包、对电池包进行充电以及给电动汽车更换电池包，所述换电站还与所述电池包信息存储装置通讯以便将所述换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息存储装置。
方案2、根据方案1所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包信息存储装置能够与电动汽车通讯以便从电动汽车处接收车载电池包的信息。
方案3、根据方案2所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包调配站还与电动汽车的用户通讯，以便用户实时了解电池包分布情况。
方案4、根据方案3所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包信息存储装置是电池包信息云服务器。
方案5、根据方案4所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述换电站进一步包括换电站电池包数据服务器，所述换电站电池包数据服务器与所述电池包信息云服务器通讯以便将所述换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息云服务器。
方案6、根据方案1至5中任一项所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，每个电池包的电池管理***独立地设置在电动汽车的车身上，位于电池包外部。
方案7、根据方案6所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，在更换电池包时，所述换电站中的换电装置与电池包的电池管理***通信。
方案8、根据方案7所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述换电站中的换电装置与电池包的电池管理***通过CAN总线通信。
方案9、根据方案6至8中任一项所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池管理***与电池包内部的高压控制器和模组控制器通过CAN通信，用于保存电池包信息。
方案10、根据方案1至9中任一项所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包信息包括电压、充电状态、健康状态、功能状态、继电器开合次数、使用寿命、工况、出厂信息、保存运输历史。
方案11、一种基于云存储的电动汽车换电方法，包括：使用电池包信息存储装置来存储电动汽车的电池包信息；使电池包调配站与所述电池包信息存储装置通讯以便实时获取所述电池包信息存储装置中的电池包信息；以及使用换电站来物理存储电池包、对电池包进行充电以及给电动汽车更换电池包，所述换电站还与所述电池包信息存储装置通讯以便将所述换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息存储装置。
方案12、根据方案11所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于进一步包括使所述电池包信息存储装置与电动汽车通讯以便从电动汽车处接收车载电池包的信息。
方案13、根据方案12所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于进一步包括使所述电池包调配站与电动汽车的用户通讯，以便用户实时了解电池包分布情况。
方案14、根据方案13所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于，所述电池包信息存储装置是电池包信息云服务器。
方案15、根据方案14所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于，所述换电站进一步包括换电站电池包数据服务器，所述换电站电池包数据服务器与所述电池包信息云服务器通讯以便将所述换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息云服务器。
方案16、根据方案11至15中任一项所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于，每个电池包的电池管理***独立地设置在电动汽车的车身上，位于电池包外部。
方案17、根据方案16所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于，在更换电池包时，所述换电站中的换电装置与电池包的电池管理***通信。
方案18、根据方案17所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于，所述换电站中的换电装置与电池包的电池管理***通过CAN通信。
方案19、根据方案16至18中任一项所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于，所述电池管理***与电池包内部的高压控制器和模组控制器通过CAN通信，用于保存电池包信息。
方案20、根据方案11至19中任一项所述的电动汽车换电方法，其特征在于，所述电池包信息包括电压、充电状态、健康状态、功能状态、继电器开合次数、使用寿命、工况、出厂信息、保存运输历史。
本领域技术人员容易理解的是，在采用本发明的技术方案的情况下，用户可以通过车联网与电池包调配站或电池包信息云服务器通讯，了解电池包分布信息，从而根据自身需求，前瞻性地选择不同价格、容量、使用寿命的电池包。此外，由于电池管理***BMS的硬件设置在车身上，本发明能避免电池包使用更换过程中造成的BMS硬件损坏、软件失效和信息泄露等问题。同时，将电池管理***BMS硬件设置在车身上还降低了电池包自身的成本，简化了换电接口，使换电站的规模化建设成为可能。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电动汽车换电***的信息传输示意图。
图2是本发明的电动汽车换电***的调配***的示意图。
图3是本发明的电动汽车换电***的换电接口的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅用于解释本发明的基本原理，并非用于限制本发明的保护范围。例如，尽管本申请中按照特定顺序描述了电动汽车换电方法，但是本领域技术人员容易理解的是，在不偏离本发明的基本原理的情况下，本发明的方法显然能够以不同于所述顺序的顺序来执行。
首先参照图1，该图示出了本发明的电动汽车换电***的信息传输示意图。如图1所示，本发明的基于云存储的电动汽车换电***包括：电池包信息云服务器，其用于存储电动汽车的电池包信息；电池包调配站，其与电池包信息云服务器通讯以便实时获取电池包信息；以及换电站，其用于物理存储电池包、对电池包进行充电以及给电动汽车更换电池包，所述换电站还与所述电池包信息云服务器通讯以便将换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息云服务器。
优选地，如图1所示，电池包信息云服务器还能够与电动汽车通讯以便从电动汽车处接收车载电池包A的信息。此外，电池包调配站能与电动汽车的用户通讯，以便用户实时了解电池包的分布情况。再者，如图1所示，换电站进一步包括换电站电池包数据服务器，所述换电站电池包数据服务器与电池包信息云服务器通讯以便将换下来的电池包B的信息传输给电池包信息云服务器。
现在参阅图3，在本发明的技术方案中，每个电池包的电池管理***BMS在硬件上独立地定位在电动汽车的车身上，位于电池包的外部。这样一来，不但降低了每个电池包的成本，而且还消除了电池包更换过程中对电池管理***BMS硬件造成的损坏。相应地，如图3所示，所述电池管理***BMS与电池包内部的高压控制单元和模组控制器1-4通过CAN通信，用于获取和保存电池包信息，例如电压、电流、继电器状态、温度等。在换电站换电时，换电装置将换电站服务器与车载BMS通过CAN相连，进行电池包信息交互，即换电站服务器获取换下的旧电池包的信息并且将要换上的新电池包的信息传输给电池管理***BMS，并且在对换下的电池包B进行充放电等维护时，换电站服务器会更新电池包信息并上传到电池包信息云服务器。
本领域技术人员容易理解的是，上述电池包信息包括但不限于电压、充电状态SOC、健康状态SOH、功能状态SOF、继电器开合次数、使用寿命、工况、出厂信息、保存运输历史等。
在另一个方面，本发明还提供一种基于云存储的电动汽车换电方法。该方法包括：使用电池包信息云服务器来存储电动汽车的电池包信息；使电池包调配站与电池包信息云服务器通讯以便实时获取电池包信息；以及使用换电站物理存储电池包、对电池包进行充电、给电动汽车更换电池包以及与所述电池包信息云服务器通讯以便将换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息云服务器。与上述***方案类似，所述使用电池包信息云服务器存储电动汽车的电池包信息的步骤进一步包括使所述电池包信息云服务器与电动汽车通讯以便将车载电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息云服务器。所述方法还包括使所述电池包调配站与电动汽车的用户通讯，以便用户实时了解电池包的分布情况。此外，所述换电站进一步包括换电站电池包数据服务器，所述方法进一步包括使所述换电站电池包数据服务器与所述电池包信息云服务器通讯以便将换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息云服务器。所述方法还包括将每个所述电池包的电池管理***在硬件上独立地设置在所述电动汽车的车身上，位于电池包外部，并且所述电池管理***与电池包内部的高压控制器和模组控制器通过CAN通信，用于保存电池包信息。
综上所述，本发明提供了一整套换电软硬件方案，整体***包含电池包、电池管理***BMS、云存储***、换电站接口***等。每个电池包有唯一的出厂号(ID)，保存在电池包信息云服务器中，电池包信息云服务器对电池包的各项参数进行存储追踪。在车上，电池包与电池管理***BMS硬件物理分离。具体地，电池管理***(BMS)的硬件设置在车身上，位于电池包外部。电池管理***BMS与电池包内部的高压控制器和模组控制器通过CAN通信，保存电池包信息，包括电压、SOC、SOH、SOF、继电器开合次数、使用寿命及工况、出厂信息、保存运输历史等，并且电池管理***BMS可以通过车联网与电池包信息服务器进行交互。在换电站换电时，换电装置通过CAN与车载BMS进行电池包信息交互，并在对换下的电池包进行充放电等维护时，更新电池包信息并上传到电池包信息云服务器。
此外，如图2所示，用户可以通过车联网与电池包调配站或电池包信息云服务器通讯，了解电池包分布信息，从而根据自身需求，选择不同价格、容量、使用寿命的电池包。用户也可以主动提出换电要求上传到云服务器进行预约换电，由电池包调配站作出物流响应，指定换电站1-3中任一个为客户提供电池包更换服务。
最后，本发明的电池包不包含电池管理***BMS硬件，避免了电池包使用更换过程中容易造成的硬件损坏、软件失效和信息泄露等问题。同时，将电池管理***BMS硬件设置在车身上还降低了电池包的成本，简化了换电接口，使换电站的规模化建设成为可能。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的修改或替换，这些修改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于云存储的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于包括：
电池包信息存储装置，其用于存储电动汽车的电池包信息；
电池包调配站，其与所述电池包信息存储装置通讯以便实时获取所述电池包信息存储装置中的电池包信息；以及
换电站，其用于物理存储电池包、对电池包进行充电以及给电动汽车更换电池包，所述换电站还与所述电池包信息存储装置通讯以便将所述换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息存储装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包信息存储装置能够与电动汽车通讯以便从电动汽车处接收车载电池包的信息。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包调配站还与电动汽车的用户通讯，以便用户实时了解电池包分布情况。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包信息存储装置是电池包信息云服务器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述换电站进一步包括换电站电池包数据服务器，所述换电站电池包数据服务器与所述电池包信息云服务器通讯以便将所述换电站中的电池包的信息传输给所述电池包信息云服务器。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，每个电池包的电池管理***独立地设置在电动汽车的车身上，位于电池包外部。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，在更换电池包时，所述换电站中的换电装置与电池包的电池管理***通信。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述换电站中的换电装置与电池包的电池管理***通过CAN总线通信。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池管理***与电池包内部的高压控制器和模组控制器通过CAN通信，用于保存电池包信息。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电动汽车换电***，其特征在于，所述电池包信息包括电压、充电状态、健康状态、功能状态、继电器开合次数、使用寿命、工况、出厂信息、保存运输历史。
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