CN105656383A - Full-automatic alternating-current motor electricity saving device - Google Patents

Full-automatic alternating-current motor electricity saving device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105656383A
CN105656383A CN201610152201.2A CN201610152201A CN105656383A CN 105656383 A CN105656383 A CN 105656383A CN 201610152201 A CN201610152201 A CN 201610152201A CN 105656383 A CN105656383 A CN 105656383A
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China
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motor
voltage
power factor
circuit
signal
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CN201610152201.2A
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王振铎
杨金成
郭艳军
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Fan Yanbiao
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Individual
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/26Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
    • H02P1/28Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by progressive increase of voltage applied to primary circuit of motor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the technical scheme of electricity saving of a full-automatic alternating-current motor electricity saving device. The problem that electric energy is wasted quite seriously due to the fact that an alternating-current motor is in the underload running state for a long time with low efficiency and low power factors is solved. According to the electricity saving device, power factors of the motor during operation are obtained in real time through hardware circuit processing, then the power factors are compared with a set value, a conduction angle of a bidirectional triode thyristor is controlled through a comparative result, then, the supply voltage of the motor is adjusted reasonably, the power input to the motor is adjusted in time, the alternating-current asynchronous motor has the advantage that the operation rotating speed is not largely affected by voltage and is mainly related to the frequency, so that the electric energy management function that supply is needed can be effectively achieved, and finally the purpose of saving electricity is achieved.

Description

Full-automatic AC electric motor electricity-saving device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric motor electricity-saving device, particularly relate to the energy-saving technical scheme of a kind of full-automatic AC electric motor electricity-saving device, belong to power-saving technology and electronic circuit design field.
Background technology
Starting and the energy-conservation study hotspot being always up in Motor Control Field of middle Large Copacity alternating current generator. On the one hand, when induction conductivity starts, electrical network will be produced to impact by excessive starting current, and the line drop that generation is bigger, make voltage ripple of power network excessive, affect the properly functioning of other electrical equipments in electrical network. Inertia is relatively big, and the starting time is longer or starts motor frequently, excessive starting current, and motor winding insulation will be made overheated and aging. On the other hand, along with the change of motor load, also there is large change in the operating characteristic such as motor running efficiency, power factor, especially when motor underloading, its power factor and operational efficiency are all very low.
Development along with Power Electronic Technique and Computer Control Technology; the device that ac motor soft start and synthesis energy saving control starts progressively to replace the start mode of some routines; considerably reduce the starting current impact to electrical network; motor soft stop, soft braking and the functions such as multiple protection such as the control of motor light-load energy saving and the overload of motor, phase shortage can also be realized simultaneously.
Owing to the operational efficiency of motor depends on the various losses of motor, and the operating loss of motor mainly includes iron loss, copper loss, mechanical loss, and stray loss (includes windage loss). When alternating current generator underloading, output reduces, and rotor copper loss decreases simultaneously, but iron loss, mechanical loss and stray loss are basically unchanged. Owing to exciting current is constant, stator copper loss reduces few, and now electric efficiency and power factor are greatly lowered; If but suitably reduced input voltage when underloading, then motor iron loss would almost reduce with voltage squared, and exciting current also declines because of the reduction of magnetic flux, makes stator copper loss reduce, thus reducing total losses, makes electric efficiency and power factor be improved.
Based on above analysis, the voltage of the motor running of collection, current signal are calculated by hardware and draw motor power factor with series waveform conversion by the present invention, then actual power factor is compared with setting reference value, thyristor operating angle is adjusted, it is achieved thereby that reach the purpose of motor electricity saving in the way of carrying out reasonable adjusting supply voltage according to load change by comparative result.
Summary of the invention
This invention can safe and reliable, reasonably realize full-automatic AC motor high efficiency, High Power Factor runs, thus reaching the purpose saved energy and reduce the cost. The start-up mode of this full-automatic AC electric motor electricity-saving device may be set to two kinds: is 1. temporally gradually increased voltage; 2. voltage is progressively adjusted by setting starting current. Its power saving scheme can be summarized as follows:
The program is that application simulation electronic circuit and Fundamental Digital Circuit two ways realize, and including the collection of voltage, current signal, power factor conversion, compares, and the bidirectional triode thyristor angle of flow controls, zero passage detection, and supply voltage regulates and the link such as feedback.
1. power factor is the included angle cosine value cos �� of phase voltage and phase current, therefore can obtain the operating power factor of motor by the collection of voltage, current signal in real time with processing. Wherein, precision current transformer is selected in the collection of current signal, and voltage and current signal can realize the detection of phase contrast after discharge circuit and associated gate circuit.
2. phase contrast can be converted to the virtual value of power factor by the conversion of power factor by multi-stage filter circuit or counting circuit.
3. adopt adder operation circuit or gate circuit, the valid value that is set with of power factor is compared with actually active value.
4. adopt contactless electronic beam switch-bidirectional triode thyristor to control the opening of motor, stop, thus can control the input power of motor by regulating thyristor operating angle. When load increases, power factor raises, and controls the angle of flow and moves to left, adjustment of namely boosting, and input power raises; Otherwise, load reduces, and power factor declines, then control the angle of flow and move to right, i.e. reduction regulation, input power reduces.
5., because controllable silicon can turn off naturally at zero crossing, therefore adopt zero cross detection circuit can be prevented effectively from the angle of flow and be in the voltage-regulation exception that zero crossings causes.
6. this programme adopts closed loop feedback system to realize voltage and effectively regulate in real time. In simple terms, the comparative result of power factor can affect the angle of flow of bidirectional triode thyristor, and the change of the angle of flow can regulate supply voltage, supply voltage feeds back to signals collecting end simultaneously, the power factor change situation of motor can be obtained in time, and then adjustment thyristor operating angle, so namely circulation realizes the economize on electricity purpose of " being supplied namely required ".
This beneficial effect of the invention:
1. energy-saving scheme takes hardware circuit to realize, and it is advantageous that: entrance duty is fast, good stability, capacity of resisting disturbance are strong;
2. by reasonable design circuit, choose electronic device rightly, the voltage of collection, current signal are calculated through hardware circuit and is converted to required actual power factor virtual value;
3. obtain power factor during motor runs in real time, make supply voltage follow load reasonable change, so that ac motor always works under optimum voltage, electric current and power factor state;
4. adopt electrical switch to control motor starting and stopping, it is to avoid the open and close unstability of contact switch;
5. zero cross detection circuit makes pressure regulating energy-saving more accurately, rationally, effectively;
6. take closed loop feedback control mode, it is achieved the electricity-saving function that contactless voltage dynamically regulates.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of full-automatic AC electric motor electricity-saving device.
Wherein, (1)-setting value; (2)-actual value; (3)-voltage-regulation; (4)-bidirectional triode thyristor major loop; (5)-voltage output; (6)-signals collecting;(7)-zero passage detection.
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of phase signal collection and power factor RMS-DC converter during motor runs.
Wherein OUT_L is the current signal gathered; OUT_L1 is ground signalling; T1 is current transformer; UA (L) is the line voltage signal (the operating voltage signal of motor) gathered.
Fig. 3 is voltage-regulation (scheme one) circuit theory diagrams.
Wherein Q1, Q2 are NPN type triode; Q3 is bidirectional triode thyristor; F1 is insurance.
Fig. 4 is zero cross detection circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is phase signal collection and testing circuit schematic diagram.
Wherein L is live wire; N is zero line; I1 is the current signal at motor two ends; PE is ground signalling.
Fig. 6 is power factor initialization circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is signal generator circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is storage circuit and the comparison circuit figure of power factor setting value and actual value.
Fig. 9 is voltage regulator circuit schematic diagram.
In above-mentioned accompanying drawing: RXXRepresent resistance; CXXRepresent electric capacity; DXXRepresent diode; ICXXRepresent integrated circuit. And the part that each number in the figure is consistent all represents identical signal.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 show full-automatic AC electric motor electricity-saving device theory diagram, first the electric current in motor running is gathered, voltage signal (6), convert through interlock circuit, obtain motor actual power factor virtual value (2), then compare with setting value (1), comparative result controls the bidirectional triode thyristor angle of flow, voltage-regulation (3) can be powered, controllable silicon main circuit (4) and motor in series, output voltage (5) is motor input voltage, the change of supply voltage can cause signals collecting (6) and the change of actual power factor (2) equally, motor terminal voltage change simultaneously can affect zero passage detection (7), zero passage detection signal also can feed back to thyristor operating angle and control end, namely VRM Voltage Regulator Module (3) is controlled, such complete close-loop control scheme can realize the energy-efficient of motor. illustrate two kinds of scheme below in conjunction with circuit accompanying drawing and realize process:
Scheme one: analog circuit power saving scheme
1. the collection of phase signal, the conversion of power factor virtual value with compare
T1, R1, C1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are respectively used to gather the operating electric current of motor, voltage signal, the phase contrast waveform of voltage and current signal is obtained through IC1, IC9 Zero-cross comparator, IC2, IC10, IC4 phase inverter, IC3 NOR gate circuit, then power factor virtual value signal is obtained then through tri-grades of low-pass filtering of R6, C2, R7, C3, R8, C4, the comparative result Vf of power factor actual value and setting value is obtained, as shown in Figure 2 by IC6, IC7 computing circuit, IC5, IC8 voltage follower.
2. the bidirectional triode thyristor angle of flow controls
As shown in Figure 3, the ac voltage signal of collection is converted to square-wave signal by IC11 Zero-cross comparator circuit, it is then passed through the phase-shift circuit, the IC14 XOR circuit that are made up of R24, C6, IC13, obtain narrow pulse signal, control the switch of audion Q1, and then the charge and discharge process of control electric capacity C7, the discharge and recharge speed of C7 is determined by Vf. Variable resistance R26 provides reference value, and through IC16 comparison circuit, the peaker that C8, R28 are constituted, and Vg signal phase and (IC17), the pulse signal obtained controls thyristor operating angle through audion Q2 and optocoupler IC18. When Vf reduces, namely motor actual power factor reduces, and when also load reduces, makes thyristor operating angle move to right, and reduces motor input voltage, can improve motor running efficiency and power factor;Vice versa, so achieves energy-saving and cost-reducing.
3. zero passage detection
As shown in Figure 4, gather motor two ends supply voltage, through R32, R33, D2, D3, D4, D5 rectification circuit, optocoupler IC19, IC20, the OR circuit that D6, D7, R34, R36 are constituted, obtaining zero point detection signal Vg, this signal feeds back to the controlled silicon conducting angle control circuit shown in Fig. 3, is prevented effectively from silicon controlled trigger signal and is in the pressure regulation abnormal phenomena that zero crossings causes.
Scheme two: digital circuit power saving scheme
Scheme two is consistent with the principle of scheme one, and zero passage detection part is consistent with control machines partial circuit, repeats no more herein. Below in conjunction with circuit accompanying drawing, its implementation is described.
1. phase signal collection and detection
As shown in Figure 5, R1, R2, R3, C1, IC1, IC2 are for gathering the input voltage of motor, R5, C2, IC5, IC6, for gathering the input current signal of motor, then complete the waveform conversion gathering signal and actual phase detection through D2, D3, D4, D5, IC47, IC48, IC3, IC4.
2. the setting of motor power factor
AND circuit IC18 and d type flip flop IC19 completes the ideal value of power factor and sets, as shown in Figure 6.
3. signal generator
Counting frequency dividing chip IC 7, IC9 and Phase Lock Loop IC 8 constitute signal generator, can obtain stable square-wave signal f, as shown in Figure 7.
4. the comparison of motor power factor setting value and actual value
Multiple XOR gate IC27��IC39 or door IC39��IC40 and not gate IC46 is adopted to realize the comparison of power factor setting value and actual value, namely the correspondence of signal Q0��Q9 and A0��A9 compares, tri-depositors of IC42, IC43, IC44 constitute storage circuit, as shown in Figure 8.
5. voltage regulator circuit (thyristor operating angle adjustment)
Such as Fig. 9, enumerator IC49, IC50 and associated gate IC circuit 51��IC55 obtain QA signal with Vg signal (such as Fig. 4, the output signal of zero cross detection circuit) do with computing after obtain silicon controlled trigger signal, controlled to adjust the supply voltage of motor by the change of thyristor operating angle, the program can realize being changed adjustment supply voltage by the load of motor equally and be finally reached energy-saving and cost-reducing purpose.

Claims (7)

1. a full-automatic AC electric motor electricity-saving device, mainly include the Acquisition Circuit of phase signal, phase difference detecting circuit, the setting of power factor, the comparison circuit of power factor setting value and actual value, voltage regulator circuit, zero cross detection circuit and corresponding feedback element, it is characterized in that the angle of flow utilizing power factor actual value with the comparative result control bidirectional triode thyristor of setting value, and then complete pressure regulation, and use closed-loop feedback control system to realize effective power saving scheme that supply voltage dynamically changes with motor load, improve operational efficiency and the power factor of motor.
2. phase signal Acquisition Circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that reasonable selection precision current transformer, amplifier chip and series of signals process the complete, clearly, obtain exactly of circuit realiration signal.
3. phase difference detecting circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that the calculating utilizing edge-triggered D flip-flop and series gates to complete phase contrast.
4. power factor according to claim 1 sets and comparison circuit, it is characterized in that utilizing comparative result, one is triggered signal, control the angle of flow of electrical switch-bidirectional triode thyristor, based on controllable silicon main circuit and motor in series so that different power factor comparative results can regulate the input voltage of motor in real time.
5. voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that can effectively regulate voltage input levels according to load situation of change, namely when the load increases, because actual power factor can increase, can move to left controlled silicon conducting angle and carry out boosting adjustment; On the contrary, power factor actual value reduces, and illustrates that load is reducing, so only need to regulate thyristor operating angle to move to right and can realize reduction regulation, so just achieving and changed by load, next effective, real-time carries out pressure regulation process, so that motor is in efficient running status all the time.
6. the movement of thyristor operating angle according to claim 5 realizes regulating voltage, need exist for adding zero cross detection circuit, it is characterized in that silicon controlled can be avoided to trigger signal by zero passage detection occurs near zero-crossing point, and it is abnormal to cause that pressure regulation occurs.
7. feedback element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting closed loop feedback system, collection terminal by the Voltage Feedback after adjustment to phase signal, so namely achieve both can the load of motor be changed and be supplied to Voltage Cortrol link in time, in time the input voltage optimized can be supplied to motor again so that it is realize Effec-tive Function.
CN201610152201.2A 2016-03-09 2016-03-09 Full-automatic alternating-current motor electricity saving device Pending CN105656383A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106330049A (en) * 2016-07-21 2017-01-11 王振铎 Full-automatic AC motor power saving device
CN106357199A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-25 石光峰 Energy-saving motor control system and energy-saving method
CN109193567A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-11 深圳市汇川技术股份有限公司 Shorted to earth guard method, electric machine controller and computer readable storage medium
CN110926037A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-27 中山市上航电子有限公司 Voltage regulation control method of high-power water heater compatible with EMC

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2907086Y (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-05-30 石狮市骄阳电子器材有限公司 Novel motor economizer
US20110249368A1 (en) * 2004-12-27 2011-10-13 Danfoss Drives A/S Method for detecting earth-fault conditions in a motor controller
CN203340016U (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-12-11 华南理工大学 Energy-saving controller for three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor
CN104333292A (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-02-04 柯润能(天津)科技发展有限公司 Load tracking type electricity saving device
CN204168198U (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-02-18 柯润能(天津)科技发展有限公司 Load tracking type battery saving arrangement

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110249368A1 (en) * 2004-12-27 2011-10-13 Danfoss Drives A/S Method for detecting earth-fault conditions in a motor controller
CN2907086Y (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-05-30 石狮市骄阳电子器材有限公司 Novel motor economizer
CN203340016U (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-12-11 华南理工大学 Energy-saving controller for three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor
CN104333292A (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-02-04 柯润能(天津)科技发展有限公司 Load tracking type electricity saving device
CN204168198U (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-02-18 柯润能(天津)科技发展有限公司 Load tracking type battery saving arrangement

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106330049A (en) * 2016-07-21 2017-01-11 王振铎 Full-automatic AC motor power saving device
CN106357199A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-25 石光峰 Energy-saving motor control system and energy-saving method
CN106357199B (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-09-11 石光峰 Electrical machine energy-saving control system and power-economizing method
CN109193567A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-11 深圳市汇川技术股份有限公司 Shorted to earth guard method, electric machine controller and computer readable storage medium
CN109193567B (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-10-02 深圳市汇川技术股份有限公司 Ground short circuit protection method, motor controller and computer readable storage medium
CN110926037A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-27 中山市上航电子有限公司 Voltage regulation control method of high-power water heater compatible with EMC

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Effective date of registration: 20170309

Address after: Neighborhood rent residential Dongsheng District No. 17 North Road 017000 the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region city Erdos Yi Hua No. 8 Building 1 unit 502

Applicant after: Fan Yanbiao

Address before: 017000 high tech Industrial Park, Ordos City, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region hi tech building, room 1210

Applicant before: Wang Zhenduo

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Application publication date: 20160608