CN105651635B - A kind of spherical mounted point repairs the high-speed friction test method of ferrous metal friction pair in advance - Google Patents
A kind of spherical mounted point repairs the high-speed friction test method of ferrous metal friction pair in advance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of spherical mounted points to repair the secondary high-speed friction test method of ferrous metal friction in advance, belongs to tribology tester and precise and ultraprecise machining field, by the way that ferrous metal frictional disk to be fixed on electro spindle, carries out on-line dynamic balancing to the frictional disk；Then the frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using spherical mounted point, end face run-out and roughness requirements needed for reaching test；Then by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback, carry out the friction testings such as ball-looping test, pin-looping test, frictional disk is with specified revolving speed rotation, opposite grinding tool is contacted with frictional disk and pressure is constant in testing setup value between the two, test terminates to setting time, and measuring system acquires the physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signal in the process.The present invention can be realized high-speed friction test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tribology tester and precise and ultraprecise machining fields, and in particular to a kind of spherical mounted point is repaired black in advance
The secondary high-speed friction test method of non-ferrous metal friction.
Background technique
Fretting wear occur high-speed rotating machine, material machining, mechanism move back and forth etc. occasions, coefficient of friction and
Wear course is of great significance for the selection, structure design, the selection of cooling and lubricating mode etc. of part material.Wherein
High-speed friction abrasion has the feature different with general fretting wear again: the inertia that 1. high speed (linear velocity is greater than 15m/s) generates
Power will affect the adhesive ability of lubricating oil, and lubricating oil is squeezed out or thrown away from friction area, causes the increase of coefficient of friction；2. high
Speed friction reduces shearing to increase the material flowing at contact point along with the severe plastic deformation of practical contact point
Resistance, and then reduce coefficient of friction；3. the plastic deformation in high-speed friction at practical contact point result in heat generation and
The rising of temperature increases the chemical affinity interaction between friction pair, to increase coefficient of friction.In view of high-speed friction physics
The complexity of process, high-speed friction abrasion have become the hot issue of current academia's research.
The test of general fretting wear includes the various rubbing methods such as ball disk, pin disk, disk disk, four balls and its associated friction mill
It damages in testing machine, friction is secondary to generate adjustment effect at friction initial stage, and Frotteurism reaches stable after a period of time, into steady
Determine wear stage, the physical quantitys such as apparatus measures friction at this time secondary relative displacement, frictional force calculate coefficient of friction and abrasion
Rate.Test method existing for high-speed friction has the following problems: 1. rub in high speed processes the secondary item for realizing the period of adjustment
Part is more harsh, stable wear stage will not even occurs and directly reach the stage of being seriously worn；2. pair of high-speed friction process
Grinder has serious wear, even if having reached stable wear stage, the geometry of opposite grinding tool, which also has occurred that, significantly to be changed
Become, affects the precision and accuracy of test；It is seriously affected 3. high-speed friction high speed rotates generated huge inertia force
The precision of friction testing.Because of the limitation of the above problem, the maximum speed of existing business friction wear testing machine is horizontal probably
At 5000rpm (frictional disk of diameter 50mm), linear velocity is roughly equal to 7.87m/s, it is difficult to reach the test request of high-speed friction.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of spherical mounted point to repair ferrous metal in advance
Rub secondary high-speed friction test method, it is intended to reduce the period of adjustment, be carried out using spherical mounted point to ferrous metal frictional disk
Line repairs disk, guarantees friction secondary form accuracy and relative positional accuracy, while increasing the stability of friction process by dynamic balancing,
Pressure during the certifiable friction testing of device for force feedback between opposite grinding tool and frictional disk is constant, to realize that high-speed friction is surveyed
Examination.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of spherical mounted point repairs the friction testing method of ferrous metal friction pair in advance, comprising:
1) ferrous metal frictional disk is fixed on electro spindle, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；To the frictional disk into
Row on-line dynamic balancing；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using spherical mounted point, is better than IT1 to form end face run-out amount in friction panel surface
Grade, surface average roughness Ra repair disk area better than 10nm's, the specific steps are as follows:
Disk is repaired in 2-1) spherical mounted point roughing: the range of speeds of frictional disk be 3000~10000rpm, spherical mounted point with
The revolving speed rotation of 8000~20000rpm, at the same on the outside of the frictional disk with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, into
It is 0.4~1.2mm/s to velocity interval, feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
2-2) spherical mounted point finishing repair disk: the range of speeds of frictional disk be 3000~10000rpm, spherical mounted point with
The revolving speed rotation of 8000~20000rpm, at the same on the outside of the frictional disk with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, into
It is 0.1~0.3mm/s to velocity interval, feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback；
4) it carries out friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test point half in disk area where test point
Diameter R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk is rotated according to setting speed n, will be to grinder
Tool moves to right above test point, and moves down and contact with frictional disk, until pressure reaches testing setup between frictional disk and opposite grinding tool
Value carries out friction testing；Guarantee that pressure is held constant between opposite grinding tool and frictional disk by device for force feedback in test process
Testing setup value, while passing through the data during measuring system acquisition scratching.
In one embodiment: the opposite grinding tool is friction ball or friction pin.
In one embodiment: the frictional disk is disc.
In one embodiment: the measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, sound including the connection of mutual signal
Emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；The opposite grinding tool is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
In one embodiment: the intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N.
In one embodiment: the sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment: in the step 2), the feeding distance of spherical mounted point is less than frictional disk radius when repairing disk, repairs panel
Domain is circular ring shape.
In one embodiment: in the step 2), the direction of rotation phase of the direction of rotation of frictional disk and spherical mounted point when repairing disk
It is same or opposite.
In one embodiment: the spherical mounted point axis is parallel to frictional disk rotation axis.
In one embodiment: being cooled down while repairing disk to spherical mounted point and frictional disk.
In addition to being described, the connection type between the single treatment process and each device of each device according to the present invention is equal
For this field routine techniques, it is not described in detail herein.
The technical program compared with the background art, it has the following advantages:
Test method of the invention by dynamic balancing avoid substantially end face run-out in frictional disk high-speed rotation or
Circular runout, to increase the stability of friction process；Meanwhile on-line machining is carried out to frictional disk using spherical mounted point, guarantee
Rub secondary form accuracy and relative positional accuracy, to ensure that the secondary relative motion precision of friction, reduces the secondary mill of friction
Conjunction process reduces abrasion；Pressure during cooperating device for force feedback to guarantee friction testing again between opposite grinding tool and frictional disk is permanent
It is fixed, the precision and accuracy of test are further ensured, can be realized high-speed friction test.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is test method schematic illustration of the invention.
Fig. 2 repairs disk Principle of Process schematic diagram for of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the comparison of frictional disk three-dimensional surface shape before and after repairing disk in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 3 a is before repairing disk
(processing through conventional planar accurate grinding technique), Fig. 3 b are after repairing disk.
Fig. 4 is the comparison of frictional disk surface end face jerk value before and after repairing disk in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 4 a is to repair disk
Before (through conventional planar accurate grinding technique process), end face run-out amount maximum value is up to 16 μm；Fig. 4 b is end face run-out after repairing disk
Measuring maximum value is 8.9 μm.
Fig. 5 is the friction coefficient curve that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains, and wherein abscissa is fraction time, and ordinate is to rub
Wipe coefficient.
Appended drawing reference: frictional disk 1, friction ball 2 repair disk area 3, fixture 4, device for force feedback 5, spherical mounted point 6.
Specific embodiment
The contents of the present invention are illustrated below by embodiment:
Embodiment 1
A kind of spherical mounted point repairs the high-speed friction test method of ferrous metal friction pair in advance, and used device includes:
Lathe, disc ferrous metal frictional disk 1 is installed on the electro spindle of lathe, and frictional disk 1 can pass through electro spindle
Rotation；
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to frictional disk 1；
Spherical mounted point 6, for carrying out repairing disk to 1 end face of frictional disk；The spherical mounted point 6 is dismantledly installed in bracket, and
Lathe is movably installed in by bracket；6 axis of spherical mounted point is parallel to 1 rotation axis of frictional disk；
Opposite grinding tool is friction ball or friction pin, and clamping is on the fixture 4 for being connected with device for force feedback 5；The fixture 4 can fill
It is installed in bracket with tearing open, and lathe is movably installed in by bracket；Opposite grinding tool can rubbed by fixture 4 and bracket
The axial direction and move in the radial direction that disk 1 rotates, and in the positioning accuracy of both direction, the higher the better, preferable over 0.1 μ
m；The device for force feedback 5 be pressure-Displacement Feedback regulating device, can by detection opposite grinding tool and frictional disk 1 between pressure change,
Feedback the height of opposite grinding tool in the axial direction is finely adjusted by fixture 4, to guarantee opposite grinding tool and friction
1 pressure of disk can be kept constant；
Measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data including the connection of mutual signal
Capture card and signal amplifier；The opposite grinding tool is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；Data collecting card signal connection meter
Calculation machine；The intrinsic frequency of dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than
2M/s。
Air-cooler: for the opposite grinding tool during the spherical mounted point 6 and frictional disk 1 repaired during disk, and scratching
Cooling is blowed with frictional disk 1.
The specific test method is as follows:
1) the 45 steel disc frictional disks 1 of diameter 300mm are fixed on lathe with modes such as magnetic suction disc or mechanical clamps
Electro spindle on, frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the frictional disk 1 with dynamic balance instrument, to reduce
The vibration of frictional disk 1 when rotating at high speed, to guarantee that opposite grinding tool and frictional disk 1 can be contacted steadily during scratching；
2) frictional disk 1 is carried out repairing disk using spherical mounted point 6, roughing is first carried out, then finished, to rub
1 surface of disk forms 8.9 μm of end face run-out amount, and the circular ring shape of surface average roughness Ra 5.25nm repairs disk area 3, is rubbed with reducing
1 end face run-out amount of disk is wiped, surface quality is improved, is further ensured that during scratching that opposite grinding tool and frictional disk 1 can steadily connect
Touching, the specific steps are as follows:
Disk is repaired in 2-1) spherical mounted point roughing: being opened air-cooler while repairing disk, is made cold wind alignment spherical mounted point 6 and friction
Disk 1 is cooled down, and the revolving speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm when repairing disk, and spherical mounted point 6 is with the revolving speed rotation of 10000rpm, simultaneously
From the outside of frictional disk 1 with 10 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed range is 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding away from
From for 110mm；
Disk is repaired in 2-2) spherical mounted point finishing: being opened air-cooler while repairing disk, is made cold wind alignment spherical mounted point 6 and friction
Disk 1 is cooled down, and the revolving speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm when repairing disk, and spherical mounted point 6 is with the revolving speed rotation of 10000rpm, simultaneously
From 1 outside of frictional disk with 2 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed range is 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance
For 110mm；
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are shown in the comparison for repairing disk front and back 1 three-dimensional surface shape of frictional disk and end face run-out amount respectively；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture 4 for being connected with device for force feedback 5；Among the present embodiment, opposite grinding tool is straight
The aluminium oxide ceramics friction ball 2 of diameter 4mm；
4) it carries out ball-disk friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test in disk area where test point
Point radius R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk 1；Among the present embodiment, R=50mm, scratching
Speed v=15.7m/s, n=3000rpm；Frictional disk 1 is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n, and opposite grinding tool is moved to test point
Surface, and move down and contacted with frictional disk 1, until pressure reaches testing setup value 1N between frictional disk 1 and opposite grinding tool, rub
Wipe test；It is micro- to position progress of the fixture 4 on the axial direction that frictional disk 1 rotates by device for force feedback 5 in test process
It adjusts, to guarantee that pressure remains the constant survey in 1N, test by being connected with friction ball 2 between friction ball 2 and frictional disk 1
Measure the data during system acquisition scratching, and data collecting card be transmitted to by signal amplifier, then be transmitted to computer into
Row calculates, and the physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signal can be obtained；The ratio of frictional force and constant contact pressure 1N are friction system
Number, can be calculated by friction value.
Embodiment 2
1) by 45 pinion steel 42CrMoV (HRC50) the disc frictional disk magnetic suction discs or mechanical clamp of diameter 300mm
Etc. modes be fixed on the electro spindle of lathe, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；The frictional disk is carried out with dynamic balance instrument
Line dynamic balancing, to reduce the vibration of frictional disk when rotating at high speed, to guarantee opposite grinding tool and frictional disk energy during scratching
Steadily contact；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using spherical mounted point, roughing is first carried out, then finished, in frictional disk
Surface forms end face run-out amount and is better than IT1 grades, and circular ring shape of the surface average roughness Ra better than 10nm repairs disk area, is rubbed with reducing
Side surface jerk value is wiped, surface quality is improved, is further ensured that during scratching that opposite grinding tool and frictional disk can be contacted steadily,
Specific step is as follows:
Disk is repaired in 2-1) spherical mounted point roughing: being opened air-cooler while repairing disk, is made cold wind alignment spherical mounted point and friction
Disk is cooled down, and the revolving speed of frictional disk is 6000rpm when repairing disk, and spherical mounted point is with the revolving speed rotation of 15000rpm, while from rubbing
It wipes on the outside of disk with 12 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed range is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is
110mm；
Disk is repaired in 2-2) spherical mounted point finishing: being opened air-cooler while repairing disk, is made cold wind alignment spherical mounted point and friction
Disk is cooled down, and the revolving speed of frictional disk is 6000rpm when repairing disk, and spherical mounted point is with the revolving speed rotation of 15000rpm, while from rubbing
It wipes on the outside of disk with 5 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed range is 0.1~0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is
110mm；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback；Among the present embodiment, opposite grinding tool is diameter
The non-coated carbides friction ball of the P30 of 4mm；
4) it carries out ball-disk friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test in disk area where test point
Point radius R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Among the present embodiment, R=101.9mm is drawn
Wipe speed v=64m/s, n=6000rpm；Frictional disk is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n, and opposite grinding tool is being moved to test point just
Top, and move down and contacted with frictional disk, until pressure reaches testing setup value 1N between frictional disk and opposite grinding tool, carry out friction survey
Examination；Position of the fixture on the axial direction of friction disc spins is finely adjusted by device for force feedback in test process, to protect
Pressure remains constant and is drawn in 1N, test by the measuring system acquisition being connected with friction ball between card friction ball and frictional disk
Data during wiping, and data collecting card is transmitted to by signal amplifier, then be transmitted to computer and calculated, it can be obtained
The physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signal；The ratio of frictional force and constant contact pressure 1N are coefficient of friction, can pass through frictional force
Numerical value is calculated.
The friction coefficient curve that the present embodiment obtains is as shown in Figure 5.
Comparative example
This comparative example and the institute of embodiment 2 the difference is that, frictional disk is not carried out to repair disk before carrying out friction testing.Remaining
Equipment, parameter, method equivalent integers 2.
As the result is shown: not repaired disk in this comparative example in advance, the contact stabilization of the frictional disk of friction ball and opposite grinding is not
Foot, the stability of coefficient of friction is poor, and instantaneous friction velocity is even more than 1；And carried out in embodiment 2 it is pre- repair disk after, friction
Ball and the frictional disk of opposite grinding enter steady contact state quickly, and the stability of coefficient of friction is good, and test result is more accurate, repairs in advance
The feedback response speed of the instruments such as force snesor requires to significantly reduce during friction testing after disk, is easily reduced instrument cost
And reach the higher coefficient of sliding friction.
As needed, opposite grinding tool can be friction ball or friction pin, correspondingly carry out be ball-disk friction testing or
Pin-disk friction testing.
As needed, the parameter for repairing disk adjust in the following range and carry out it is one or many repair disk, can friction dish cart
Face forms end face run-out amount and is better than IT1 grades, and surface average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 10nm's:
Disk is repaired in 2-1) spherical mounted point roughing: being cooled down while repairing disk to spherical mounted point and frictional disk, is rubbed when repairing disk
The range of speeds for wiping disk is 3000~10000rpm, and spherical mounted point is with the revolving speed rotation of 8000~20000rpm, while from friction
With 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed on the outside of disk, feed speed range is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is
The 1/4~1/2 of the disk diameter that rubs；When repairing disk the direction of rotation of frictional disk and the direction of rotation of spherical mounted point can it is identical can also be with
On the contrary, speed of related movement can be increased on the contrary, processing quality is improved；
Disk is repaired in 2-2) spherical mounted point finishing: being cooled down while repairing disk to spherical mounted point and frictional disk, is rubbed when repairing disk
The range of speeds for wiping disk is 3000~10000rpm, and spherical mounted point is with the revolving speed rotation of 8000~20000rpm, while from friction
With 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed on the outside of disk, feed speed range is 0.1~0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is
The 1/4~1/2 of the disk diameter that rubs；When repairing disk the direction of rotation of frictional disk and the direction of rotation of spherical mounted point can it is identical can also
To improve processing quality on the contrary, speed of related movement can be increased on the contrary.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the range implemented of the present invention that therefore, it cannot be limited according to, i.e., according to
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the invention patent range and description, should still be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of spherical mounted point repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction in advance, it is characterised in that: include:
1) ferrous metal frictional disk is fixed on electro spindle, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；The frictional disk is carried out
Line dynamic balancing；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using spherical mounted point, is better than IT1 grades to form end face run-out amount in friction panel surface, table
Face average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 10nm's, the specific steps are as follows:
Disk is repaired in 2-1) spherical mounted point roughing: the range of speeds of frictional disk is 3000~10000rpm, spherical mounted point with 8000~
The revolving speed rotation of 20000rpm, at the same on the outside of the frictional disk with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed
Range is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
Disk is repaired in 2-2) spherical mounted point finishing: the range of speeds of frictional disk is 3000~10000rpm, spherical mounted point with 8000~
The revolving speed rotation of 20000rpm, at the same on the outside of the frictional disk with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed model
It encloses for 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance is to rub the 1/4~1/2 of disk diameter；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback；
4) it carries out friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test point radius R in disk area where test point,
Pass throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk is rotated according to setting speed n, by opposite grinding tool
It moves to right above test point, and moves down and contacted with frictional disk, until pressure reaches testing setup value between frictional disk and opposite grinding tool,
Carry out friction testing；Guarantee that pressure is held constant at test between opposite grinding tool and frictional disk by device for force feedback in test process
Setting value, while passing through the data during measuring system acquisition scratching；The measuring system includes dynamometer, the dynamometer
Intrinsic frequency be higher than 4KHz, dynamometry precision be better than 0.01N.
2. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 1 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
Be: the opposite grinding tool is friction ball or friction pin.
3. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 1 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
Be: the frictional disk is disc.
4. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 1 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
Be: the measuring system be dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including mutual signal connection the dynamometer, acoustic emission system,
Data collecting card and signal amplifier；The opposite grinding tool is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
5. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 4 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
Be: the sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
6. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 3 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
Be: in the step 2), the feeding distance of spherical mounted point is less than frictional disk radius when repairing disk, and repairing disk area is circular ring shape.
7. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 1 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
Be: in the step 2), the direction of rotation of frictional disk and the direction of rotation of spherical mounted point are identical or opposite when repairing disk.
8. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 1 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
Be: the spherical mounted point axis is parallel to frictional disk rotation axis.
9. a kind of spherical mounted point according to claim 1 repairs the secondary friction testing method of ferrous metal friction, feature in advance
It is: spherical mounted point and frictional disk is cooled down while repairing disk.
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| CN106018148B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-10-02 | 中航工业哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | A kind of high-speed friction tester |
| CN107589028A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-01-16 | 金轮针布(江苏)有限公司 | A kind of metallic card clothing service life method for rapidly testing and device |
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