CN105651168A - Method for measuring outline dimension of wheel - Google Patents
Method for measuring outline dimension of wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105651168A CN105651168A CN201511030426.2A CN201511030426A CN105651168A CN 105651168 A CN105651168 A CN 105651168A CN 201511030426 A CN201511030426 A CN 201511030426A CN 105651168 A CN105651168 A CN 105651168A
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- wheel
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- intersection point
- wheel rim
- axial line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a wheel outline dimension measuring method, which comprises the following steps: illuminating the wheel with at least three line light sources; shooting a light section line formed on the wheel by each linear light source; calculating the axis of the wheel by using at least three light sectional lines which are complete along the width direction of the wheel; and determining the outline dimension parameter of the wheel according to the axis and the light section line. Because the wheel is irradiated by at least three line light sources, and the axis of the wheel is calculated by at least three complete light sectional lines, wherein each light sectional line is positioned on the wheel and the position relation of each light sectional line relative to the wheel is determined, the system error caused by rail deformation and snake-shaped movement of the wheel along the rail when the axis of the wheel is calculated by two light sectional lines and the third line of contact between the wheel and the rail in the prior art is avoided, the reliability of calculation of the axis of the wheel is improved, and the accuracy of measurement of the outline dimension of the wheel is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rolling stock wheel to Automatic Measurement Technique field, particularly to a kind of method measuring wheel profile size.
Background technology
Taking turns the critical component being locomotive walking, profile critical size is directly connected to traffic safety by wheel. Therefore how fast and effectively wheelset profile accurately to be measured, detection wheel to attrition, determine a need for change wheel right, to ensure safety of railway traffic significant.
At present, method overall dimensions detected by wheel mainly has contact measuring method, image measuring method. Wherein, image measurement method is used widely for untouchable detection because of it.
It is right that existing noncontact Wheel set detecting method adopts line laser to irradiate wheel, by camera capture light wheel on light transversal, realize the wheel measurement to profile physical dimension, its measuring principle is as follows: two line sources irradiate wheel respectively and obtained the coordinate position of two light transversals by camera from both sides, in conjunction with the axial line position of the contact wire calculating wheel of wheel tread and rail, then determine wheel profile size further according to light transversal and axial line. But in locomotive driving process, rail can deform, wheel also can do serpentine locomotion along rail, cause the position of actual contact wire to be continually changing, and when calculating, the coordinate position of contact wire is fixed, therefore bring systematic error to measurement.
Summary of the invention
For solving to adopt two light transversals to coordinate the overall dimensions that the contact wire of wheel tread and rail calculates wheel to introduce the problem of systematic error in prior art, the present invention provides a kind of new wheel profile dimension measurement method.
The present invention provides a kind of wheel profile dimension measurement method, comprises the following steps:
At least three line source is adopted to irradiate wheel;
Shoot the light transversal that each described line source is formed on wheel;
Calculate the axial line of described wheel along the described smooth transversal that wheel width is complete with at least three;
The overall dimensions parameter of wheel is determined according to described axial line and described smooth transversal.
Optionally, calculate the axial line of described wheel particularly as follows:
Obtain the wheel rim apex coordinate that every described smooth transversal intersects with the wheel rim summit of wheel, described wheel rim apex coordinate determine wheel rim vertex plane;
Cross section to be parallel to described wheel rim vertex plane is cut wheel, is obtained each described cross section and the first intersection point of each described smooth transversal;
Coordinate according to described first intersection point of each on each described cross section calculates the center of circle of the first intersection point place circumference described in each described cross section, calculates the center of circle of place, described wheel rim summit circumference according to described wheel rim apex coordinate;
Described axial line is determined in the center of circle and the center of circle of place, described wheel rim summit circumference according to the described first intersection point place circumference of each on each described cross section.
Optionally, according to the center of circle of the center of circle of the described first intersection point place circumference of each on each described cross section and place, described wheel rim summit circumference and the axial line determining described wheel particularly as follows:
The center of circle arbitrarily connecting the described first intersection point place circumference on the center of circle of place, wheel rim summit circumference, same described cross section obtains connecting line, it is thus achieved that the second intersection point of all described connecting lines and described wheel rim vertex plane;
Crossing the highest described second intersection point of registration, it is perpendicular to the vertical line of described wheel rim vertex plane for described axial line.
Optionally, move, according to setting step pitch, the described cross section obtaining parallel described wheel rim vertex plane.
Optionally, the described step pitch that sets is as 0.1mm.
Optionally, the overall dimensions of wheel is determined according to described axial line and described smooth transversal particularly as follows: calculate described second intersection point of described smooth transversal and the overall dimensions profile of described axial line distance, drawing wheel;
Described overall dimensions parameter is obtained according to described overall dimensions profile.
Optionally, the distance of described second intersection point on average each described smooth transversal and described axial line, draw described overall dimensions profile.
Optionally, get rid of described line source according to the possible size range of wheel and be irradiated to the described smooth transversal that the foreign material sticking on wheel are formed.
Wheel profile dimension measurement method provided by the invention, utilize at least 3 line sources to irradiate wheels, obtain at least 3 along the complete light transversal of wheel width, utilize the light transversal that these are complete to calculate the axial line of wheel, and utilize axial line and light transversal to determine the overall dimensions of wheel. Owing to adopting at least three line source to irradiate wheel, and adopt the light transversal that at least three is complete to calculate the axial line of wheel, wherein each smooth transversal is respectively positioned on wheel and the position relationship of relative wheel is determined, adopt thus without such as prior art and introduce rail during the axial line of Article 3 line computation wheel that two light transversals, wheels contacts with rail and deform and wheel does the systematic error of serpentine locomotion generation along rail, improve the reliability of axis wheel line computation, and then improve the accuracy of wheel profile dimensional measurement.
In the embodiment of the invention, utilize place, wheel rim summit plane as datum plane, adopt the cross section being parallel to wheel rim vertex plane and light transversal to intersect and obtain the first intersection point, and utilize the first intersection point on each cross section to determine corresponding central coordinate of circle, the central coordinate of circle corresponding by the first intersection point and the central coordinate of circle of wheel rim vertex correspondence carry out the calculating of axis wheel line so that it is more accurate that the axial line of wheel calculates. Meanwhile, such computational methods can get rid of the Computing Principle angle of intersection requirement to line source and wheel in prior art, reduces debugging difficulty and the maintenance workload of equipment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the center of circle arbitrarily connecting the first intersection point place circumference on the center of circle of place, wheel rim summit circumference, same described cross section obtains connecting line, it is thus achieved that the second intersection point of all connecting lines and wheel rim vertex plane; Crossing the highest the second intersection point of registration, it is perpendicular to the vertical line of wheel rim vertex plane for described axial line. Such method, it is possible to get rid of a certain smooth transversal that on wheel, foreign body causes and the problem of assorted point occurs, reduce the impact on final wheel profile set size, improve the accuracy of test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1 is the specific embodiment of the invention one center line light source irradiation wheel schematic diagram;
The line source that Fig. 2 is in shooting Fig. 1 forms light transversal schematic diagram on wheel;
Fig. 3 is the specific embodiment of the invention two center line light source irradiation wheel schematic diagram;
The line source that Fig. 4 is in shooting Fig. 3 forms light transversal schematic diagram on wheel;
Fig. 5 is wheel profile dimension measurement method schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the method schematic diagram calculating axis wheel line according to light transversal;
Fig. 7 is the overall dimensions profile according to light transversal Yu the distance drawing wheel of axial line.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the specific embodiment of the invention one center line light source irradiation wheel schematic diagram, the line source that Fig. 2 is in shooting Fig. 1 forms light transversal schematic diagram on wheel, Fig. 3 is the specific embodiment of the invention two center line light source irradiation wheel schematic diagram, the line source that Fig. 4 is in shooting Fig. 3 forms light transversal schematic diagram on wheel, Fig. 5 is wheel profile dimension measurement method schematic diagram of the present invention, Fig. 6 is the method schematic diagram calculating axis wheel line according to light transversal, and Fig. 7 is the overall dimensions profile according to light transversal Yu the distance drawing wheel of axial line. Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of wheel profile dimension measurement method provided by the invention, such as Fig. 5, it comprises the following steps:
S101: adopt at least three line source to irradiate wheel,
S102: shoot the light transversal that each line source is formed on wheel,
S103: calculate the axial line of wheel with at least three along the light transversal that wheel width is complete,
S104: determine the overall dimensions parameter of wheel according to axial line and light transversal.
Owing to adopting at least three line source to irradiate wheel, and adopt at least three light transversal to calculate the axial line of wheel, wherein each smooth transversal is respectively positioned on wheel and the position relationship of relative wheel is determined, as introduced rail deformation when prior art adopts the axial line of the Article 3 line computation wheel that two light transversals, wheel contact with rail and wheel does, along rail, the systematic error that serpentine locomotion produces, the accuracy of axis wheel line computation will not be improved.
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the specific embodiment of the invention one center line light source irradiation wheel schematic diagram, this detailed description of the invention has 3 line sources and irradiates wheel, and the light transversal that 3 line sources are radiated on wheel is complete light transversal and is completely gathered by image collecting device, obtain light transversal schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.
Concrete, such as Fig. 6, in the present invention, the step of the axial line calculating wheels according at least three complete light transversals can be as follows:
S1031: obtain the wheel rim apex coordinate that every light transversal intersects with the wheel rim summit of wheel, wheel rim apex coordinate determine wheel rim vertex plane;
In locomotive driving process, due to the wheel rim restriction of two wheels on axletree, it is without departing from rail, and the wheel rim summit of two wheel rims will not come in contact with rail and wear and tear, therefore wheel rim summit is determined relatively, and wheel rim summit adds in the plane being in being perpendicular to axis wheel line man-hour at wheel, therefore can using the plane at place, wheel rim summit as the benchmark of subsequent calculations axial line.
And (prevent from impacting locomotive is properly functioning) owing to the image capture device of pickup light transversal is positioned on the downside of rail, therefore the peak in corresponding image capture device pickup light transversal is wheel rim summit, can very easily determine the coordinate on wheel rim summit.
Such as Fig. 2, for convenience, wheel rim vertex plane is labeled as 1, when having 3 light transversals, the first intersection point respectively A on each light transversal and wheel rim summit1��B1��C1, determine a circle principle according to 3, adopt A1��B1��C1, determine that a plane is wheel rim vertex plane.
S1032: after wheel rim vertex plane to be determined, wheel is cut in the cross section to be parallel to wheel rim vertex plane, obtains first intersection point in each cross section and each light transversal;
Equally, from wheel rim vertex plane to wheel tread, 2-N will be respectively labeled as in each cross section, the first intersection point respectively A that the n-th cross section is intersected with each smooth transversaln��Bn��Cn, wherein n is any number in 2-N.
S1033: calculate the center of circle of the first intersection point place circumference in each cross section according to the coordinate of each the first intersection point on each cross section, calculate the center of circle of place, wheel rim summit circumference according to wheel rim apex coordinate;
For the 2nd cross section, its first intersection point respectively A intersected with each smooth transversal2��B2��C2, A2��B2��C2It is located parallel on wheel rim vertex plane, and 3 points are positioned in theory with axial line and cross section joining for the circumference in the center of circle, therefore, adopt A2��B2��C23 can determine that a corresponding center of circle O (2); The first intersection point respectively A that the n-th cross section in like manner obtained is intersected with each smooth transversaln��Bn��CnThe corresponding center of circle is O (n).
Same, according to each light transversal Yu wheel rim summit the first intersection point A1��B1��C1Can determine that the center of circle O (1) of place, wheel rim summit circumference.
In being embodied as, can move from wheel rim vertex plane to the tread of wheel as translation step pitch according to the 0.1mm set, obtain the first intersecting point coordinate that the cross section being numbered 2-N is intersected with light transversal, certainly, may be used without other setting step pitches or additive method determines each cross section distance relative to wheel rim vertex plane, it is determined that corresponding cross section.
S1034: determine axial line according to the center of circle in the center of circle of each the first intersection point place circumference on each cross section and place, wheel rim summit circumference;
Under theoretical case, centre point O (2)-O (N) on the center of circle O (1) on wheel rim summit, each cross section, all on axial line, therefore adopts the center of circle of the centre point on each cross section and place, wheel rim summit circumference just to can determine that the axial line of wheel.
Concrete, according to O (1), O (2) ... O (N) determines that axial line can adopt following methods:
Arbitrarily connect 2 in O (1) to O (N) and obtain connecting line, obtain the second intersection point of all connecting lines and described wheel rim vertex plane, crossing the highest the second intersection point of registration, be perpendicular to the vertical line of wheel rim vertex plane for described axial line.
Arbitrarily connect 2 centers of circle in O (1)-O (N), obtain N* (N-1)/2 straight line, these straight lines all intersect at the second corresponding intersection point with wheel rim vertex plane, and owing to these the second intersection point major parts are all on the axial line of wheel, therefore major part can overlap with the intersection point of wheel rim vertex plane is 1 O, and the axial line of wheel necessarily passes through the highest some O of this registration (accordingly, other are possibly due to the interference on light transversal not past O point), can determine that the perpendicular intersection of the axial line that O point is wheel rim vertex plane and wheel, cross O point and be perpendicular to the axial line that the straight line that the vertical line of wheel rim vertex plane is exactly axis wheel line place is exactly wheel. certainly, it is possible to directly adopt the such as principle of least square, O (1), O (2) are utilized ... O (N) matching obtains axial line.Adopt such as the computational methods of upper type, it is possible to get rid of foreign body on vehicle as far as possible by the statistics of the connection of multiple spot and cause light transversal that the problem of assorted point occurs, arrange impurity point to the wheel profile impact in conjunction with Size calculation result.
After the axial line that above method determines wheel, so that it may determine the overall dimensions of wheel according to axial line and light transversal, particularly as follows: calculate each second intersection point and axial line distance on three light transversals, draw such as the wheel profile size profile of Fig. 7. Wherein X-axis represents axis wheel line, and on wheel profile size profile, each point represents the radius along each cross section, axis wheel direction. Can read wheel width from two ends distance, can read wheel diameter from wheel zone line position; Such as Fig. 7, owing to wheel width is 140mm, then represent the radius of wheel at the Y-direction coordinate at X=70mm place; Because the Y-direction coordinate at X=16mm place is the highest, this point represents the wheel rim summit of wheel, can determine flange height according to the point of the point of X=16mm place curve and X=70mm place; From the point of X=70mm, move 10mm, be parallel to X-axis straight line with two intersection points of wheel profile size profile determine flange thickness.
In reality, in three light transversals can be adopted to make corresponding wheel profile size profile, it is possible to utilize three light transversals to make wheel profile size profile to the distance average of axial line.
It is contemplated that, owing to adopting above method, as long as determining wheel rim apex coordinate, determine the physical dimension coordinate of wheel rim accordingly, therefore the Gesture of each light transversal does not have requirement, decrease the Intersection requirement of line source and wheel relative to the method for two light transversals calculating wheel rim overall dimensions of existing employing, decrease equipment debugging difficulty and maintenance workload, improve the convenience of test.
Fig. 3 is the specific embodiment of the invention two center line light source irradiation wheel schematic diagram, this detailed description of the invention have employed 4 line sources and irradiate wheel, but the restriction due to wheel side sand pipe, gear-box, middle two line sources do not have wheel width and irradiate completely, make two, the centre light transversal of formation and imperfect, such as Fig. 4. But, because wherein 3 light transversals have intersection point (respectively A with wheel rim summit1��B1��D1), therefore still may determine that wheel rim vertex plane, be namely determined perpendicular to the datum plane of axis wheel line. And owing to middle two light transversals become along the complete light transversal of wheel width at wheel width still split, the calculating that above method carries out axial line still can be adopted to obtain wheel profile dimensional parameters (by A2��B2��C2��D2Ask for O (2), by An��Cn��DnAsk for O (n)). It is contemplated that such method also can get rid of the problem of partial dot place light source fails on line source, reduce the requirement to light source.
Additionally, in reality is tested, owing to wheel being likely to the foreign material having adhesion, and what the possible size range of wheel determined that, therefore it is radiated at according to the possible size range eliminating line source of wheel and sticks to the light transversal that on wheel, foreign material are formed.
Above the method measuring wheel profile size in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. Apply specific case herein principles of the invention and embodiment are set forth; the explanation of above example is only intended to help to understand the core concept of the present invention; without departing from the principles of the present invention; the present invention also can carry out some improvement and modification, and these improve and modification also falls in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a wheel profile dimension measurement method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
At least three line source is adopted to irradiate wheel;
Shoot the light transversal that each described line source is formed on wheel;
Calculate the axial line of described wheel along the described smooth transversal that wheel width is complete with at least three;
The overall dimensions parameter of wheel is determined according to described axial line and described smooth transversal.
2. wheel profile dimension measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that calculate the axial line of described wheel particularly as follows:
Obtain the wheel rim apex coordinate in described smooth transversal, described wheel rim apex coordinate determine wheel rim vertex plane;
Cross section to be parallel to described wheel rim vertex plane is cut wheel, is obtained each described cross section and the first intersection point of each described smooth transversal;
Coordinate according to described first intersection point of each on each described cross section calculates the center of circle of the first intersection point place circumference described in each described cross section, calculates the center of circle of place, described wheel rim summit circumference according to described wheel rim apex coordinate;
Described axial line is determined in the center of circle and the center of circle of place, described wheel rim summit circumference according to the described first intersection point place circumference of each on each described cross section.
3. wheel profile dimension measurement method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, according to the center of circle of the center of circle of the described first intersection point place circumference of each on each described cross section and place, described wheel rim summit circumference and the axial line determining described wheel particularly as follows:
The center of circle arbitrarily connecting the described first intersection point place circumference on the center of circle of place, wheel rim summit circumference, same described cross section obtains connecting line, it is thus achieved that the second intersection point of all described connecting lines and described wheel rim vertex plane;
Crossing the highest described second intersection point of registration, it is perpendicular to the vertical line of described wheel rim vertex plane for described axial line.
4. wheel profile dimension measurement method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: move, according to setting step pitch, the described cross section obtaining parallel described wheel rim vertex plane.
5. wheel profile dimension measurement method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the described step pitch that sets is as 0.1mm.
6. wheel profile dimension measurement method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, determine the overall dimensions of wheel according to described axial line and described smooth transversal particularly as follows: calculate described second intersection point of described smooth transversal and the overall dimensions profile of described axial line distance, drawing wheel;
Described overall dimensions parameter is obtained according to described overall dimensions profile.
7. wheel profile dimension measurement method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described second intersection point on average each described smooth transversal and the distance of described axial line, draw described overall dimensions profile.
8. the wheel profile dimension measurement method according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that: get rid of described line source according to the possible size range of wheel and be irradiated to the described smooth transversal that the foreign material sticking on wheel are formed.
9. wheel profile dimension measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: there are 4 described line sources.
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| CN201511030426.2A CN105651168B (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2015-12-31 | Method for measuring outline dimension of wheel |
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| CN105651168B (en) | 2019-03-05 |
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