CN105650032B - The diffuser of centrifugal compressor - Google Patents

The diffuser of centrifugal compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105650032B
CN105650032B CN201610189431.6A CN201610189431A CN105650032B CN 105650032 B CN105650032 B CN 105650032B CN 201610189431 A CN201610189431 A CN 201610189431A CN 105650032 B CN105650032 B CN 105650032B
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linear leaf
short blade
line
blade
trailing edge
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CN105650032A (en
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窦华书
陈兴
魏义坤
陈小平
杨徽
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Tongxiang Zhimeng Intellectual Property Operation Co ltd
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/444Bladed diffusers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/50Inlet or outlet
    • F05D2250/52Outlet

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the diffuser of centrifugal compressor.The structure of diffuser is improved, further improving its service behaviour has important application value.A piece of short blade is arranged in the runner of the adjacent two panels linear leaf of the present invention;The leading edge of linear leaf is curved surface and is obliquely installed that the angle of costa and wheel disc central axis is 6~8 °;The leading edge radius of curvature of linear leaf gradually increases along wheel disc to wheel cap direction;Linear leaf offers three through pressure face and the fold-line-shaped conduit of suction surface;The trailing edge of linear leaf is located at pressure face and is provided with trailing edge wingtip.The short blade that the present invention is located in adjacent linear leaf runner suppresses the generation of blade surface air-flow separation;Fold-line-shaped conduit reduces the pressure differential of pressure face and suction surface, reduces adverse pressure gradient, effectively blows down partial blade afterbody suction surface boundary-layer separation bubble;The parabola shaped winglet of trailing edge can suppress the growth of the wingtip vortex of the pressure differential generation of traditional airfoil trailing edge suction surface and pressure face.

Description

The diffuser of centrifugal compressor
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of ventilation equipment, it is related to centrifugal fan, and in particular to a kind of diffuser of centrifugal compressor.
Background technology
Centrifugal compressor is as a kind of energy conversion device, and it is mainly by the rotation of impeller, so that impeller runner The motion of interior gas, is converted into the mechanical energy of prime mover the energy of gas.Centrifugal compressor has high pressure, stably due to it Condition range is wide, simple in construction, it is easy to maintain the features such as, be widely used in oil, Aero-Space, metallurgy, chemical industry and mine Etc. industry, and play an important role.
In centrifugal compressor, diffuser is generally divided into two kinds of vaneless diffuser and vane diffuser.Vaneless diffuser is normal That sees constitutes circular passage by two planomurals and is constituted.Vaneless diffuser simple structure, low cost, performance curve is gentle, surely Determine operating mode wider, and it is less efficient still unobvious when Mach number is higher, but vaneless diffuser interior air-flow angle is basically unchanged, gas Stream is moved substantially along helical line, and flow path is longer, and friction loss is larger, and efficiency is less than blade under design conditions Diffuser.General vaneless diffuser is often used in the less compressor of pressure ratio.Vane diffuser has diffusion degree big, size Small the characteristics of, lose smaller than vaneless diffuser in design conditions downstream, thus efficiency is higher.Vane diffuser can pass through half Footpath increases deceleration diffusion, while radial blade can make flow angle by angular deflection is wished, makes circulation area further increase to carry High diffusion ability;And it is improving the efficiency and level pressure ratio of centrifugal compressor, changes optimal working point position, expand stable work Played a very important role as scope.
But vane diffuser, due to the presence of blade, variable working condition impact loss is larger, efficiency declines obvious.Compressor one As be all operated under low discharge state, and under low discharge, diffuser vane inlet air flow formation high incidence, when the angle of attack reaches one Serious air-flow separation easily occurs during definite value, in runner.And once suction surface boundary-layer air-flow occurrence of large-area is separated, easily Compressor is set to enter stall flutter state, so as to have a strong impact on the job stability of engine.If flow is more than design discharge, Easily occur choking phenomenon in vane diffuser throat again, vane diffuser is lost diffusion ability.
Generally for diffuser service behaviour is improved, compressor can use airfoil blade, although wing blades compare one As version type Blade Properties to get well, but be still unavoidable from angle of attack when inhomogeneities and variable working condition due to impeller outlet air-flow Become big and cause efficiency to decline, therefore, the structure of diffuser is improved on the basis of wing blades, further improve its work Performance has highly important application value and work prospect.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for there is provided one kind the problem of the diffuser intake air-flow angle of attack is excessive under low flow rate condition The diffuser of centrifugal compressor, the short blade that the diffuser is located in adjacent linear leaf runner can guide airflow direction to become Change, change the flow angle distribution in diffuser runner, more air-flows is flowed along air stream surface, suppress blade surface The generation of air-flow separation, so not only increases the operating efficiency of diffuser, also increases working range.Broken line in diffuser Shape conduit can reduce the pressure differential of pressure face and suction surface, reduce adverse pressure gradient, effectively blow down partial blade afterbody suction surface Boundary-layer separation bubble.The parabola shaped winglet of trailing edge can suppress traditional airfoil trailing edge suction surface and pressure face The growth for the wingtip vortex that pressure differential is produced, makes the position of wing tip vortex shedding successively mobile, reduces the intensity of wingtip vortex.
The present invention includes linear leaf, short blade, wheel disc and wheel cap;Described linear leaf has 12, is evenly distributed On wheel disc;A piece of short blade is arranged in the runner of adjacent two panels linear leaf, short blade is close to the suction surface side of linear leaf.It is same On cross section, to take turns radius of a circle of the disk center as the center of circle than linear leaf suction surface where the costa section of short blade suction surface Costa section where the small 15~20mm of radius of a circle, and the costa section of short blade suction surface and adjacent two panels linear leaf Central angle folded by the costa section of suction surface is respectively 5 ° and 25 °;The entrance established angle of linear leaf is 32~36 °, short blade Entrance established angle be 36~40 °.
Described linear leaf uses wing-shaped structure, and bolt is connected with the linear leaf screwed hole that linear leaf is opened up, by linear leaf It is fixed on wheel disc;The leading edge of linear leaf is curved surface and is obliquely installed that the angle of costa and wheel disc central axis is 6~8 °; The leading edge radius of curvature of linear leaf gradually increases along wheel disc to wheel cap direction.Linear leaf offers three and runs through pressure face and suction The fold-line-shaped conduit in face.The shape of three fold-line-shaped conduits is identical, is arranged side by side along the length direction of linear leaf, and three broken lines The length of shape conduit is gradually reduced by leading edge to the trailing edge direction of linear leaf.Described fold-line-shaped conduit is two-part groove, leading portion For air inlet section, back segment is air outlet section, and the groove width of air inlet section and air outlet section is equal, is 8~10mm;Three fold-line-shaped conduits enter Gas section enters camber line segment length difference shared between the center line of opening's edge linear leaf short transverse and linear leaf suction surface costa Account for 1/3,1/2 and the 2/3 of linear leaf suction surface arc length.
On the longitudinal section of linear leaf, the air inlet section center line relative vane molded line of fold-line-shaped conduit with air inlet section center The inclination angle of line point of intersection tangent line be 45 °, air outlet section center line relative vane molded line with air outlet section center line point of intersection tangent line Inclination angle is 30 °.
The upper wall surface of fold-line-shaped conduit is the 45~50% of linear leaf height with the distance of linear leaf blade root, lower wall surface and length The distance of blade root is the 5~10% of linear leaf height.
The trailing edge of linear leaf is located at pressure face and is provided with trailing edge wingtip;The side of the trailing edge wingtip is with pressure face in trailing edge Angle between the tangent plane at place is 90 °;The width value of trailing edge wingtip is close along wheel disc to wheel cap direction parabolically regular increase Wheel disc position width is 0, and Breadth Maximum is no more than the 5% of linear leaf chord length.
Described short blade uses wedge structure, and short blade is welded on wheel disc;Short blade chord length is linear leaf chord length 0.45~0.5, highly 0.6~0.7 for linear leaf;Two arc shaped wings are offered in the suction surface and pressure face of short blade Groove;Two arc shaped wing groove center lines of same side are respectively at the 1/3 and 2/3 of short blade height;The arc shaped wing groove is leaned on The end face of nearly short blade leading edge is the 1/8 of short blade chord length with the distance of short blade costa, and arc shaped wing groove is after short blade The end face of edge is the 1/6 of short blade chord length with the distance of short blade trailing edge;Described arc shaped wing groove is uiform section groove, and section is in It is semicircle.
Improved by the long and short blade inlet angle of attack, the fold-line-shaped conduit of linear leaf is designed, the trailing edge wingtip of linear leaf and short The arc shaped wing groove of blade designs to optimize the eddy airstream of interior boundary layers separation and afterbody, so as to lift diffuser efficiency.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention can improve the problem of diffuser inlet air-flow angle of attack changes under variable working condition, positioned at adjacent linear leaf stream Short blade in road can guide airflow direction to change, and change the flow angle distribution in diffuser runner, make more gas Stream can flow along air stream surface, suppress the generation of blade surface air-flow separation, prevent the generation of surge.So not only centrifuge The reasonable range of operation of ventilation blower, while the diffusion ability and operational efficiency of diffuser can be improved.The bevelled junction of linear leaf leading edge Structure makes diffuser inlet in the diverse location in the high direction of the leaf distance different from impeller outlet holding, adjusts the height come out from impeller Fast ternary air-flow, especially reduces the gasflow mach number at diffuser inlet, reduces impact loss.And the presence energy of short blade Enough improvement incident air flow angles effective in variable working condition.After air-flow enters diffuser runner, the fold-line-shaped conduit in diffuser The pressure differential of pressure face and suction surface can be reduced, reduce adverse pressure gradient, effectively blow down partial blade afterbody suction surface boundary-layer Separation bubble, so as to reduce the area of boundary-layer Disengagement zone, increases the real area size of blade path, improves compression The flow of machine.The parabola shaped winglet of trailing edge can suppress the pressure differential of traditional airfoil trailing edge suction surface and pressure face The growth of the wingtip vortex of generation, makes the position of wing tip vortex shedding successively mobile, reduces the intensity of wingtip vortex, reduce pneumatic make an uproar Sound, improves the overall performance of diffuser.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure stereogram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is distribution schematic diagram of the long and short blade on wheel disc in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a side isometric view of linear leaf in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another side isometric view of linear leaf in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is Fig. 4 partial enlarged drawing;
Fig. 6 is the fold-line-shaped conduit schematic cross-section of linear leaf in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural perspective of short blade in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the diffuser of centrifugal compressor, including linear leaf 1, short blade 2, wheel disc 3 and wheel cap;Come into leaves Piece 1 has 12, is evenly distributed on wheel disc;A piece of short blade 2 is arranged in the runner of adjacent two panels linear leaf 1, short blade 2 is leaned on The suction surface side of nearly linear leaf 1.On same cross section, where the costa section of the suction surface of short blade 2 using take turns disk center as The radius of a circle in the center of circle is than the small 15mm of radius of a circle where the costa section of the suction surface of linear leaf 1, and short blade 2 suction surface Costa section is respectively θ=5 ° and β=25 ° with central angle folded by the costa section of the adjacent suction surface of two panels linear leaf 1;It is long The entrance established angle of blade 1 is α3A1=32 °, the entrance established angle of short blade 2 is α3A2=36 °.
As shown in Fig. 3,4 and 5, linear leaf 1 uses wing-shaped structure, the linear leaf screwed hole 1-2 that bolt is opened up with linear leaf 1 Connection, linear leaf 1 is fixed on wheel disc 3;The leading edge 1-1 of linear leaf is curved surface and is obliquely installed that costa is with taking turns disk center The angle of axis is 6 °;The leading edge radius of curvature of linear leaf gradually increases along wheel disc to wheel cap direction.Linear leaf 1 offers three Through pressure face and the fold-line-shaped conduit 1-3 of suction surface.The shape of three fold-line-shaped conduits is identical, along the length side of linear leaf 1 To being arranged side by side, and the length of three fold-line-shaped conduits is gradually reduced by leading edge to the trailing edge direction of linear leaf 1.Fold-line-shaped conduit For two-part groove, leading portion is air inlet section, and back segment is air outlet section, and the groove width of air inlet section and air outlet section is 10mm;Three fold-line-shapeds The air inlet section of conduit enters arc shared between the center line of opening's edge linear leaf short transverse and linear leaf suction surface costa Length accounts for 1/3,1/2 and the 2/3 of the suction surface arc length of linear leaf 1 respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, on the longitudinal section of linear leaf 1, the air inlet section center line relative vane molded line of fold-line-shaped conduit exists Be 45 ° with the inclination angle of air inlet section center line point of intersection tangent line, air outlet section center line relative vane molded line with air outlet section center line The inclination angle of point of intersection tangent line is 30 °.
The upper wall surface of the fold-line-shaped conduit and distance of the blade root of linear leaf 1 is the height of linear leaf 1 45%, lower wall surface is with coming into leaves The distance of the blade root of piece 1 is the 5% of the height of linear leaf 1.
As shown in figure 5, the trailing edge of linear leaf, which is located at pressure face, is provided with trailing edge wingtip 1-4;Trailing edge wingtip 1-4 side with Angle of the pressure face between the tangent plane at trailing edge is 90 °;Trailing edge wingtip 1-4 width value presses parabolic along wheel disc to wheel cap direction Line regular increase, is 0 close to wheel disc position width, and Breadth Maximum is no more than the 5% of the chord length of linear leaf 1.
As shown in fig. 7, short blade 2 uses wedge structure, short blade 2 is welded on wheel disc 3.The chord length of short blade 2 is to come into leaves The 0.5 of piece chord length, highly 0.7 for linear leaf 1;Two arc shaped wing grooves are offered in the suction surface and pressure face of short blade 2 2-1;Two arc shaped wing groove center lines of same side are respectively at the 1/3 and 2/3 of the height of short blade 2;Arc shaped wing groove is close The end face of the leading edge of the short blade 2 and distance of the costa of short blade 2 is short blade chord length 1/8, arc shaped wing groove is after short blade 2 The end face of edge is the 1/6 of the chord length of short blade 2 with the distance of the trailing edge of short blade 2;Arc shaped wing groove is uiform section groove, and section is in semicircle Shape.
Improved by the long and short blade inlet angle of attack, the fold-line-shaped conduit of linear leaf is designed, the trailing edge wingtip of linear leaf and short The arc shaped wing groove of blade designs to optimize the eddy airstream of interior boundary layers separation and afterbody, so that diffuser efficiency is lifted, It is specific as follows:
1st, the long and short blade inlet angle of attack is improved:
From diffuser efficiency calculation formula, the efficiency of diffuser and the entrance of blade, exit installation angle, and blade Entrance, outlet flow angle have in close relations, are changeless after the completion of the entrance of usual blade, exit installation angle design, and Inlet air flow angle α3Then change with the change of flow rate working conditions, when flow increases, α3Increase;When the flow if reduced, α3Subtract It is small.Now, an entrance angle of attack i is there is in diffuser inlet, entrance angle of attack i is defined as follows:
I=α3A3
In formula, α3AFor the entrance established angle of blade;No matter i is just or is negative, and deviation 0 is bigger, can be sent out in blade surface Raw boundary layer separation.So in order to reduce flow separation in diffuser as far as possible, it should by entrance angle of attack i controls in certain scope It is interior.Under low flow rate condition, due to inlet air flow angle α3Very little, so entrance angle of attack i is very big, causes the border of blade suction surface Layer Disengagement zone expands rapidly, causes larger eddy loss, triggers surge phenomenon when serious.
The present invention adjusts inlet air flow angle α using the design of short blade is added in linear leaf runner3, especially in rill The lower degree for relaxing entrance angle of attack i changes of amount.Diametrically, short blade is located at before linear leaf, in the circumferential close to long diffusion Device suction surface.The entrance established angle α of linear leaf3A1Than the entrance established angle α of short blade3A2Small certain angle.
2nd, the fold-line-shaped conduit design of linear leaf:
The design of usual diffuser installation dimension can only make it keep high efficiency under Part load, when working conditions change, Especially there is substantial amounts of air-flow separation and secondary flow phenomenon, windage loss ten in nearly pumping point and nearly choke point, diffuser Divide serious, diffuser efficiency declines to a great extent.The present invention provides a kind of design slotted between linear leaf pressure face and suction surface, Conduit is imported and exported in the presence of the static pressure difference of two ends, and pressure face fraction can be inhaled into groove, after accelerating through conduit, from suction surface Channel outlet flows out, and this strand of air-flow can blow down certain blade suction surface boundary-layer separation bubble, control and delay boundary-layer The extension of Disengagement zone, conduit is shaped as broken line type, is divided into inducer and outlet section.
As shown in figs. 3 and 6, the channel structure side by side in diffuser further improves air-flow in diffuser runner Distribution situation.Conduit uses broken line type, and air inlet section is preceding, and air outlet section meets the feature that air-flow travels forward rear, and Conduit UNICOM diffuser pressure face and suction surface, are so reduced by the pressure differential of pressure face and suction surface, reduce adverse pressure gradient, no The flow of compressor is improve only, and eddy current crack can be reduced.
3rd, the arc shaped wing groove design of the trailing edge wingtip of linear leaf and short blade:
Linear leaf trailing edge wingtip:Due to airfoil fan afterbody suction surface and the differential pressure action of pressure face, the air-flow of pressure face Trailing edge wingtip can be bypassed, eddy airstream is produced in afterbody, and extends to blade surface, very big energy loss is brought.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, linear leaf trailing edge wingtip is distributed along the high parabolically type of leaf, and top is wide, narrow base, mainly Take into account exit flow also has inhomogeneities along leaf height distribution.Wingtip structure can suppress the increase of wingtip vortex, reduce the wing The intensity in sharp whirlpool, reduces resistance.And the suppression of wingtip vortex also make it that runner exit flowing is more uniform, flow losses are reduced. The present invention imitates the way of aircraft wing winglet, and trailing edge wingtip is set in linear leaf trailing edge, and trailing edge wingtip is kept with trailing edge Vertically, according to the pressure distribution feature on diffuser vane surface.
Short blade arc shaped wing groove:For the purposes of the boundary layer thickness on control short blade surface, suppress the boundary layer point on surface From reducing separation whirlpool, twice arc shaped wing groove set respectively in suction surface and the pressure face of short blade, arc shaped wing groove is shaped as Circular arc, the characteristics of more conforming to air motion, in order to prevent impacting to inlet air flow formation, makes arc shaped wing groove be placed in distance The position of short blade leading edge certain distance.
Present invention is generally directed to the problem of the diffuser inlet air-flow angle of attack is changed greatly under variable working condition state, positioned at adjacent length Short blade in blade passage can guide airflow direction to change, and change the flow angle distribution in diffuser runner, make More air-flows can flow along air stream surface, suppress the generation of blade surface air-flow separation, prevent the generation of surge.So not The reasonable range of operation of centrifugal fan is only improved, while the diffusion ability and operational efficiency of diffuser can be improved.
The incline structure that linear leaf leading edge is used makes diverse location of the diffuser inlet in the high direction of leaf be protected with impeller outlet Different distances are held, the uneven air-flow come out from impeller is have adjusted, greatly reduces the free stream Mach number at diffuser inlet, The distribution of inlet air flow is improved, the impact loss of diffuser inlet is reduced, so as to improve the operational efficiency of diffuser.

Claims (1)

1. the diffuser of centrifugal compressor, including linear leaf, short blade, wheel disc and wheel cap, it is characterised in that:Described linear leaf There are 12, be evenly distributed on wheel disc;A piece of short blade is arranged in the runner of adjacent two panels linear leaf, short blade is close to long The suction surface side of blade;On same cross section, to take turns disk center as the center of circle where the costa section of short blade suction surface Radius of a circle is than the small 15~20mm of radius of a circle, and the leading edge of short blade suction surface where the costa section of linear leaf suction surface Line section is respectively 5 ° and 25 ° with central angle folded by the costa section of adjacent two panels linear leaf suction surface;The entrance of linear leaf Established angle is 32~36 °, and the entrance established angle of short blade is 36~40 °;
Described linear leaf uses wing-shaped structure, and bolt is connected with the linear leaf screwed hole that linear leaf is opened up, linear leaf is fixed On wheel disc;The leading edge of linear leaf is curved surface and is obliquely installed that the angle of costa and wheel disc central axis is 6~8 °;Come into leaves The leading edge radius of curvature of piece gradually increases along wheel disc to wheel cap direction;Linear leaf offers three through pressure face and suction surface Fold-line-shaped conduit;The shape of three fold-line-shaped conduits is identical, is arranged side by side along the length direction of linear leaf, and three fold-line-shaped grooves The length in road is gradually reduced by leading edge to the trailing edge direction of linear leaf;Described fold-line-shaped conduit be two-part groove, leading portion be into Gas section, back segment is air outlet section, and the groove width of air inlet section and air outlet section is equal, is 8~10mm;The air inlet section of three fold-line-shaped conduits Enter camber line segment length shared between the center line of opening's edge linear leaf short transverse and linear leaf suction surface costa and account for length respectively 1/3,1/2 and the 2/3 of blade suction surface arc length;
On the longitudinal section of linear leaf, the air inlet section center line relative vane molded line of fold-line-shaped conduit is handed over air inlet section center line The inclination angle of tangent line is 45 ° at point, and air outlet section center line relative vane molded line is at the inclination angle with air outlet section center line point of intersection tangent line For 30 °;
The upper wall surface of fold-line-shaped conduit is the 45~50% of linear leaf height with the distance of linear leaf blade root, lower wall surface and linear leaf The distance of blade root is the 5~10% of linear leaf height;
The trailing edge of linear leaf is located at pressure face and is provided with trailing edge wingtip;The side of the trailing edge wingtip is with pressure face at trailing edge Angle between tangent plane is 90 °;The width value of trailing edge wingtip is along wheel disc to wheel cap direction parabolically regular increase, close to wheel disc Position width is 0, and Breadth Maximum is no more than the 5% of linear leaf chord length;
Described short blade uses wedge structure, and short blade is welded on wheel disc;Short blade chord length for linear leaf chord length 45~ 50%, highly 60~70% for linear leaf;Two arc shaped wing grooves are offered in the suction surface and pressure face of short blade;It is same Two arc shaped wing groove center lines of side are respectively at the 1/3 and 2/3 of short blade height;The arc shaped wing groove is close to short blade The end face of leading edge and the distance of short blade costa is short blade chord length 1/8, end face of the arc shaped wing groove close to short blade trailing edge Distance with short blade trailing edge is the 1/6 of short blade chord length;Described arc shaped wing groove is uiform section groove, and section semicircular in shape;
Improved by the long and short blade inlet angle of attack, the fold-line-shaped conduit of linear leaf is designed, the trailing edge wingtip and short blade of linear leaf Arc shaped wing groove design optimize interior boundary layers separation and afterbody eddy airstream, so as to lift diffuser efficiency.
CN201610189431.6A 2016-03-29 2016-03-29 The diffuser of centrifugal compressor Active CN105650032B (en)

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