CN105638745A - 一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用 - Google Patents
一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，根据桃树流胶病的病原特征和发病规律，在栽种地土壤的处理、树干创伤处理以及休眠时期的处理三个阶段分别设计了相应的生物农药进行防治，***的提出了专门针对桃树的流胶病的防治，不仅从源头上对土壤进行理化性质的改善以及土壤肥力的提高，其次对病原体侵入源头树干的创伤进行了药剂保护和治疗、最后辅以休眠时期的流胶药剂处理等多方面全方位的对流胶病进行防治，有效降低了发病率、桃树枝枯、死亡发生概率大大减少，减少了病害损失，提高了树木的存活率以及果实质量；此外生物农药安全性高，环境兼容性好，发展前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及树木的病虫害防治领域，尤其是涉及一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用。
背景技术
桃树是一种比较普遍种植的果树，很多果农大面积的种植桃树以谋求生计。
桃树的流胶病主要危害树干和主枝，枝干受害后，发病初期病部稍肿胀，随后陆续分泌出淡黄色透明的柔软树胶，树胶也可以从伤口直接流出，树胶与空气接触后，逐渐变成红褐色、晶莹、柔软的胶块，最后变成茶褐色硬质胶块，病部皮层也逐渐变褐腐烂，并易诱发腐生菌的侵染，随着流胶量的增加，树势日趋衰弱，叶片变黄，影响开花和观赏，严重时引起部分枝枯，甚至全株死亡。
诱发此病的因素比较复杂，冻害、霜害、日灼、虫害、土壤黏重或过酸、水分过多或不足、施肥不当、修剪过重、栽植过深、管理粗放、枝干发育不充实等，目前尚无***有效的增对防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决现有技术中所存在的桃树流胶病危害大但无***有效应对措施的问题的一种有效降低桃树枝枯、死亡发生概率的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用。
技术方案：为达以上目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)栽种地土壤的处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a6-12份、芽孢杆菌属1-5份、微生物产物杀菌剂a12-15份；与土壤改良剂以及粗砂混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药a、土壤改良剂以及粗砂的混合比例为1:3:30；用药土替代1/3挖掘出的土壤，混合均匀后填满栽种地，压实，灌溉；
(b)树干创伤处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b12-15份、三十烷醇1-4份、柠檬酸钛2-4份、微生物产物杀菌剂b8-14份；采用白涂剂的涂白措施减少在栽种管理的过程中的枝干创伤，注意防寒防冻防虫伤，涂白后12-24h喷洒生物农药b，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准；
(c)桃树休眠时期的处理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c12-20份、乙烯利2-6份、柠檬酸钛10-13份、微生物产物杀菌剂c6-12份；在桃树休眠期间，将胶质物刮除，伤口处涂沥青，然后用70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂600-800倍液对伤口进行涂布处理，涂布处理后6-12h喷洒生物农药c，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准。
更进一步的，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物。
更进一步的，所述微生物产物杀菌剂a为5％井冈霉素水剂500-1000倍液与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为1:2的混合物。
更进一步的，所述植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物。
更进一步的，所述微生物产物杀菌剂b为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂。
更进一步的，所述植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液。
更进一步的，所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为10％多抗霉素可湿性粉剂1000倍液。
更进一步的，所述芽孢杆菌菌属为地衣芽孢杆菌。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，根据桃树流胶病的病原特征和发病规律，在栽种地土壤的处理、树干创伤处理以及休眠时期的处理三个阶段分别设计了相应的生物农药进行防治，***的提出了专门针对桃树的流胶病的防治，不仅从源头上对土壤进行理化性质的改善以及土壤肥力的提高，其次对病原体侵入源头树干的创伤进行了药剂保护和治疗、最后辅以休眠时期的流胶药剂处理等多方面全方位的对流胶病进行防治，有效降低了发病率、桃树枝枯、死亡发生概率大大减少，减少了病害损失，提高了树木的存活率以及果实质量；此外生物农药安全性高，环境兼容性好，发展前景广阔。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)栽种地土壤的处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a6份、芽孢杆菌属1份、微生物产物杀菌剂a12份；与土壤改良剂以及粗砂混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药a、土壤改良剂以及粗砂的混合比例为1:3:30；用药土替代1/3挖掘出的土壤，混合均匀后填满栽种地，压实，灌溉；
(b)树干创伤处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b12份、三十烷醇1份、柠檬酸钛2份、微生物产物杀菌剂b8份；采用白涂剂的涂白措施减少在栽种管理的过程中的枝干创伤，注意防寒防冻防虫伤，涂白后12h喷洒生物农药b，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准；
(c)桃树休眠时期的处理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c12份、乙烯利2份、柠檬酸钛10份、微生物产物杀菌剂c6份；在桃树休眠期间，将胶质物刮除，伤口处涂沥青，然后用70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂600-800倍液对伤口进行涂布处理，涂布处理后6h喷洒生物农药c，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准。
其中，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂a为5％井冈霉素水剂500-1000倍液与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为1:2的混合物；所述植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物；所述微生物产物杀菌剂b为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂；植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液；所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为10％多抗霉素可湿性粉剂1000倍液；所述芽孢杆菌菌属为地衣芽孢杆菌。
实施例2：
一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)栽种地土壤的处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a12份、芽孢杆菌属5份、微生物产物杀菌剂a15份；与土壤改良剂以及粗砂混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药a、土壤改良剂以及粗砂的混合比例为1:3:30；用药土替代1/3挖掘出的土壤，混合均匀后填满栽种地，压实，灌溉；
(b)树干创伤处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b15份、三十烷醇4份、柠檬酸钛4份、微生物产物杀菌剂b14份；采用白涂剂的涂白措施减少在栽种管理的过程中的枝干创伤，注意防寒防冻防虫伤，涂白后24h喷洒生物农药b，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准；
(c)桃树休眠时期的处理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c20份、乙烯利6份、柠檬酸钛13份、微生物产物杀菌剂c12份；在桃树休眠期间，将胶质物刮除，伤口处涂沥青，然后用70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂600-800倍液对伤口进行涂布处理，涂布处理后12h喷洒生物农药c，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准。
其中，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂a为5％井冈霉素水剂500-1000倍液与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为1:2的混合物；所述植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物；所述微生物产物杀菌剂b为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂；植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液；所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为10％多抗霉素可湿性粉剂1000倍液；所述芽孢杆菌菌属为地衣芽孢杆菌。
实施例3：
一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)栽种地土壤的处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a9份、芽孢杆菌属3份、微生物产物杀菌剂a14份；与土壤改良剂以及粗砂混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药a、土壤改良剂以及粗砂的混合比例为1:3:30；用药土替代1/3挖掘出的土壤，混合均匀后填满栽种地，压实，灌溉；
(b)树干创伤处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b12-15份、三十烷醇1-4份、柠檬酸钛2-4份、微生物产物杀菌剂b8-14份；采用白涂剂的涂白措施减少在栽种管理的过程中的枝干创伤，注意防寒防冻防虫伤，涂白后12-24h喷洒生物农药b，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准；
(c)桃树休眠时期的处理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c16份、乙烯利4份、柠檬酸钛11份、微生物产物杀菌剂c9份；在桃树休眠期间，将胶质物刮除，伤口处涂沥青，然后用70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂600-800倍液对伤口进行涂布处理，涂布处理后9h喷洒生物农药c，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准。
其中，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂a为5％井冈霉素水剂500-1000倍液与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为1:2的混合物；所述植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物；所述微生物产物杀菌剂b为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂；植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液；所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为10％多抗霉素可湿性粉剂1000倍液；所述芽孢杆菌菌属为地衣芽孢杆菌。
将上采用述实施例1-3的生物农药配方制备的生物农药，以及其应用方法应用到山东省青岛市某桃园试验基地，并设置采用传统农药及防治方法的对照组，经过2年的试验，具体结果如下表所示：
| 桃树枝枯 | 树木存活率 | |
| 实施例1 | 2％ | 97.5％ |
| 实施例2 | 3％ | 96.8％ |
| 实施例3 | 2％ | 96.7％ |
| 对照组 | 18％ | 80.5％ |
从上述实施例的试验结果可看出，本发明提供的一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，明显优于传统农药，不仅从源头上对土壤进行理化性质的改善以及土壤肥力的提高，其次对病原体侵入源头树干的创伤进行了药剂保护和治疗、最后辅以休眠时期的流胶药剂处理等多方面全方位的对流胶病进行防治，有效降低了发病率、桃树枝枯、死亡发生概率大大减少，减少了病害损失，提高了树木的存活率以及果实质量；此外生物农药安全性高，环境兼容性好，发展前景广阔。
应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)栽种地土壤的处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a6-12份、芽孢杆菌属1-5份、微生物产物杀菌剂a12-15份；与土壤改良剂以及粗砂混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药a、土壤改良剂以及粗砂的混合比例为1:3:30；用药土替代1/3挖掘出的土壤，混合均匀后填满栽种地，压实，灌溉；
(b)树干创伤处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b12-15份、三十烷醇1-4份、柠檬酸钛2-4份、微生物产物杀菌剂b8-14份；采用白涂剂的涂白措施减少在栽种管理的过程中的枝干创伤，注意防寒防冻防虫伤，涂白后12-24h喷洒生物农药b，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准；
(c)桃树休眠时期的处理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c12-20份、乙烯利2-6份、柠檬酸钛10-13份、微生物产物杀菌剂c6-12份；在桃树休眠期间，将胶质物刮除，伤口处涂沥青，然后用70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂600-800倍液对伤口进行涂布处理，涂布处理后6-12h喷洒生物农药c，喷洒量为树干表面湿润为准。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于：所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于：所述微生物产物杀菌剂a为5％井冈霉素水剂500-1000倍液与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为1:2的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于：所述植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于：所述微生物产物杀菌剂b为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于：所述植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于：所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为10％多抗霉素可湿性粉剂1000倍液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防治桃树流胶病的生物农药组合物及应用，其特征在于：所述芽孢杆菌菌属为地衣芽孢杆菌。
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