CN105638657A - Insect and bacterium killing agent, preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Insect and bacterium killing agent, preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an insect and bacterium killing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 70 parts of potassium salts or ammonium salts of aliphatic acid, 10 to 40 parts of organic alcohol, and 0 to 50 parts of water. The provided insect and bacterium killing agent is suitable for organic planting, is a broad spectrum contact type agent for killing insects, mites, and bacteria, is efficient, can efficiently control aphids, red spider, aleyrodidae, pseudococcidae, and powdery mildew, and can be completely and biologically degraded. No residual pesticide exists on the crops. The agent is suitable for organic planting. The crop is safe, no residual pesticide exists, and the safety interval is not needed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, especially relate to a kind of insecticidal bactericide and its preparation method and using method.
Background technology
The fungal diseases such as software insect and Powdery Mildew such as mite class, red spider, thrips and aleyrodid are very heavy to the harm of vegetables and fruits class, and traditional chemical pesticide easily causes the harm to human and livestock health, cause plant produce poisoning and disease and pest is developed immunity to drugs.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of insecticidal bactericide and its preparation method and using method, solve prior art agricultural chemicals and vegetables and fruits and human and livestock health are endangered the problem seriously and easily developed immunity to drugs.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is: a kind of insecticidal bactericide, it comprises the component of following mass ratio: the sylvite of lipid acid or ammonium salt 30��70 parts, organic alcohol 10��40 parts and 0��50 part, water.
In the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention, it may be preferred that it comprises the component of following mass ratio: fatty acid potassium salt 40��60 parts, organic alcohol 20��30 parts and 15��35 parts, water.
In the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention, the lipid acid in the sylvite of described lipid acid or ammonium salt be selected from caprylic acid, lauric acid, palmitinic acid, stearic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, the acid of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers alkene, lauroleic acid, myristoleic acid, Zoomeric acid, oleic acid, erucic acid and eicosanoic acid one or more.
In the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention, described organic alcohol be selected from ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerine any one or several.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of a kind of above-mentioned insecticidal bactericide, comprises the following steps:
A, the sylvite of lipid acid or ammonium salt are dissolved in organic alcohol;
B, add water, constantly stir, obtain insecticidal bactericide.
The present invention also provides the using method of a kind of above-mentioned insecticidal bactericide, comprises the steps:
S1, being blended into water in insecticidal bactericide, stir and obtain uniform spray liquid, wherein the volume ratio percentage ratio of insecticidal bactericide and water is 0.5%��5%;
S2, described spray liquid is sprayed on farm crop.
In the using method of the present invention, in step sl, every hectare uses insecticidal bactericide to be 2205g��8820g.
In the using method of the present invention, it may be preferred that every hectare uses insecticidal bactericide to be 4410g��8820g.
In the using method of the present invention, in step s 2, described farm crop are the vegetables of open country and Greenhouse, fruit tree, cotton, tobacco, flowers or lawn.
In the using method of the present invention, described insecticidal bactericide is as the application of control mite class, aphid, aleyrodid, red spider, thrips, mealybug shell and white powder germ; Preferably, for preventing and treating mite class, aphid, aleyrodid and white powder germ.
Implement the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention and its preparation method and using method, there is following useful effect: the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention is the broad-spectrum touch-out type sterilant of a kind of applicable organic grow, miticide and sterilant, broad-spectrum high efficacy, high-efficiency prevention and control aphid, red spider, aleyrodid, mealybug shell and Powdery Mildew, 100% biological degradation, noresidue, it is applicable to organic grow, crop safety, without poisoning, without safety interval; Main component is the soap that nature derives, resistance, food safety and problem of environmental pollution that chemical pesticide easily produces can not be produced, and be applicable to Organic farming and produce, various vegetables, fruit, cotton, the tobacco of open country and Protectorate cultivation can be applied to, view and admire the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control with garden crop, noresidue, without safety interval; The insecticidal bactericide of the present invention can clean and eliminate the atmospheric polluting material and Spores that are attached to plant surface, and form one layer of smooth protective membrane, reduce disease and infect probability, strengthen photosynthesis of plant, improve the sink conditions of leafy vegetable and fruit, obtain bright-coloured glossy outward appearance; The insecticidal bactericide of the present invention also can increase the anti-of agricultural-food and damage and erosion resistance, extends the accumulating phase, it is to increase crop anti-adversity, can be mixed with multiple sterilant, sterilant, has obvious synergism.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention and its preparation method and using method are described further:
The insecticidal bactericide of the present invention dissolves insect cuticle wax layer and stratum corneum albumen by powerful lipophilic active, destroy its epidermal structure, cause the leakage of entocyte and dehydration and dead rapidly, can also effectively infiltrate Powdery Mildew sporophyte and mycelium, destroy its metabolism, reach and prevent and treat object.
The pesticide-germicide agent prescription of the present invention is specifically illustrated by following examples, see table 1.
Table 1: insecticidal bactericide comprises the component of mass ratio
The preparation method of above-mentioned insecticidal bactericide comprises the steps:
A, fatty acid potassium salt is dissolved in organic alcohol;
B, add water, constantly stir, obtain insecticidal bactericide;
C, undertaken insecticidal bactericide weighing filling.
During use, the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention can be used for control through foliage spray or suppress disease and pest, comprise: aphid, earwig, lace bug, leafhopper, Liriomyza, mealybug, mole cricket, plant food stinkbug, wood louse, sawfly, red spider, malacosoma neustria, thrips, aleyrodid, gypsymoth etc., especially that mite class, aphid and aleyrodid effect is best. The effect of other insect is limited to that insect growth is early stage and the ovum phase, and white powder germ is also had good prevention effect.
The insecticidal bactericide applicable crops of the present invention: diversified economy, field crop and the ornamental plant such as the vegetables of open country and Greenhouse, fruit tree, cotton, tobacco, flowers, lawn; Main controlling object: multiple Hemiptera and the section pest mites such as black peach aphid, melon aphid, woolly aphid, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, onion thrips, golden thistle horse, carmine spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, san jose scale, mealybug, and Powdery Mildew.
The insecticidal bactericide of the present invention is in use, first in insecticidal bactericide, it is blended into water, stirring obtains uniform spray liquid, wherein the volume ratio percentage ratio of insecticidal bactericide and water is 0.5%��5%, it is preferably 1%��2%, then described spray liquid is sprayed on farm crop, blade pros and cons even spraying, wherein every hectare uses insecticidal bactericide to be 2205g��8820g, it is preferable to 4410g��8820g.
In addition, if used in combination with other Pesticidal products, the insecticidal bactericide that other products adds the present invention is more first added; Causing harm early application at disease and pest, effect is better, reuses interval and is no less than 7 days.
The prevention effect of the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention is described below by specific embodiment; it should be noted that the explanation of the following embodiment of the present invention is only schematic; but the insecticidal bactericide of the present invention is not limited to this for preventing and treating the protection domain of the application of insect, also comprise aforesaid various controlling object.
Test example 1: prevent and treat powdery mildew of cucumber field control effectiveness test
(1) materials and methods
1.1 reagent agent
The insecticidal bactericide of the present invention;
50% carbendazol wettable powder (Fuda, Jiangyin City agrochemical company limited).
1.2 for examination object
Crop cucumber, kind: Tianjin spring No. 4, subjects is cucumber powdery mildew's pathogen
(Sphaerothecafuliginea)��
1.3 test process
5 process are established in test altogether, repeat for 4 times. Every plot area 15m2, random alignment, protection row is established in every community. 5 process are respectively: A. insecticidal bactericide 2205g (ai.)/hm2 (200 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 0.5%); B. insecticidal bactericide 4410g (ai.)/hm2 (100 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 1%); C. olive shark 8820g (ai.)/hm2 (50 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 2%); D.50% carbendazol wettable powder 562.5g (ai.)/hm2 (800 times of liquid); E. clear water comparison (CK). 1.4 test method
Soil type is red soil, and soil fertility is medium. The cultivation condition (soil type, fertilizer, growing stage, seeding row spacing etc.) of all test communities is evenly consistent and consistent with local agricultural cultivation measure. Selecting profit agriculture LP-605 type atomizer first time medication when powdery mildew of cucumber starts to occur, interval 7d, with a medicine, shares 2 times. The medicament of any other disease and pest of control is not used between trial period.
1.5 investigation method
Before chemicals treatment, investigation disease refers to radix, 7d investigation after first time dispenser; 10d investigation after second time dispenser. Every community gets 4 points at random, whole blades of often some investigation 2 strains, and every sheet leaf accounts for the percentage classification record of leaf area by scab, calculates sickness rate, disease index and prevention effect etc. Observe while each efficacy survey each medication district with or without growth failure phenomenon (such as dwarfing, chlorisis, deformity etc.), on crop yield with or without impact and on the impact of other disease and pests and non-target organism. Testing data adopts DPS software to carry out variance analysis process, and adopts Deng Ken Shi new multipole difference (DMRT) method to carry out significant difference analysis.
1.6 grade scale
0 grade: without scab; 1 grade: lesion area accounts for less than the 5% of whole leaf area; 3 grades: lesion area accounts for the 6%��10% of whole leaf area; 5 grades: lesion area accounts for the 11%��20% of whole leaf area; 7 grades: lesion area accounts for the 21%��40% of whole leaf area; 9 grades:
Lesion area accounts for more than the 40% of whole leaf area.
1.7 method of calculation
Disease index (%)=[�� (the sick number of sheets at different levels �� relative level numerical value)/(investigating the total number of sheets �� 9)] �� 100 prevention effect (%)=[1-(CK0��PT1)/(CK1��PT0)]��100
In formula, CK0For disease index before the dispenser of blank district; CK1For disease index after the dispenser of blank district; PT0For disease index before the dispenser of chemicals treatment district; PT1For disease index after the dispenser of chemicals treatment district.
Table 2: prevent and treat powdery mildew of cucumber field control effectiveness test result
(2) results and analysis
See table 2,7d after medicine for the first time, 80% carbendazim WP 800 times liquid is the highest to the anti-effect of powdery mildew of cucumber, is secondly insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid, insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, and the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum.Through variance analysis, 80% carbendazim WP 800 times liquid and insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid, insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, the anti-effect difference of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01); 7d after second time medicine, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid, 80% carbendazim WP, 800 times of liquid are the highest to the anti-effect of powdery mildew of cucumber, next is insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum, through variance analysis, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid and 80% carbendazim WP, 800 times of liquid differences, insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid difference significantly (P��0.01), do not reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01) with the anti-effect difference of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid.
In sum, by verification experimental verification, insecticidal bactericide AS is to the anti-effect of powdery mildew of cucumber excellent, to crop safety, advise usage quantity 100-50 times of liquid, the initial stage is occurred to adopt the whole strain even spraying of spray method in powdery mildew of cucumber, taking blade droplet water as degree, first time medicine after every 1 week again with 1 time, be used in conjunction use 3��4 times; In addition, from spray medicine to test terminate whole process, by the naked eye, olive shark AS prevents and treats three kinds of different concns of powdery mildew of cucumber, obvious symptom of chemical damage does not all occur, to cucumber safety.
Test example 2: olive shark aqua control cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum field control effectiveness test
(1) materials and methods
1.1 reagent agent
The insecticidal bactericide of the present invention;
10% ant worm woods wettable powder (Hebei Weiyuan biochemistry Co agricultural chemicals company limited).
1.2 for examination object
Crop cucumber, kind: Tianjin spring No. 4, subjects is cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum (Trialeurodesvaporariorum).
1.3 test process
5 process are established in test altogether, repeat for 4 times. Every plot area 15m2, random alignment, protection row is established in every community. 5 process are respectively: A. insecticidal bactericide 2205g (ai.)/hm2 (200 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 0.5%); B. insecticidal bactericide 4410g (ai.)/hm2 (100 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 1%); C. insecticidal bactericide 8820g (ai.)/hm2 (50 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 2%); D.10% ant worm woods wettable powder 24g (ai.)/hm2 (3750 times of liquid); E. clear water comparison (CK).
1.4 test method
Soil type is red soil, and soil fertility is medium, and preceding crop is cucumber. The cultivation condition (soil type, fertilizer, growing stage, seeding row spacing etc.) of all test communities is evenly consistent and consistent with local agricultural cultivation measure. Being in, cucumber, the phase of yielding positive results, trialeurodes vaporariorum is in larva 1-2 dispenser in the length of time 1 time, selects profit agriculture LP-605 type atomizer medication, shares 1 time. The medicament of any other disease and pest of control is not used between trial period.
1.5 investigation method
Adopting diagonal lines 5 sampling in each treatment zone, often some investigation 3 blades, determine 15 leaves altogether. Before dispenser, investigate after trialeurodes vaporariorum worm mouth radix and dispenser 1,3, the worm number alive of 7d investigation residual, by following formulae discovery Revision insect recluced rate and Rectifying efficacies, by DMRT method, the anti-effect after medicine is carried out significance of difference test simultaneously, evaluates anti-effect.
1.6 method of calculation
Revision insect recluced rate (%)=[before (before dispenser worm number after worm number-dispenser)/dispenser worm number] �� 100
Prevention effect (%)=[(treatment zone Revision insect recluced rate-check plot Revision insect recluced rate)/(100-check plot Revision insect recluced rate)] �� 100
Table 3: control cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum field control effectiveness test result
(2) results and analysis
See table 3,1d after medicine, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid is the highest to the anti-effect of cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum, is secondly insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 10% imidacloprid WP, 3750 times of liquid, and the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum.Through variance analysis, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid and insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 10% imidacloprid WP, 3750 times of liquid, the anti-effect difference of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01); 3d after medicine, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid, 10% imidacloprid WP, 3750 times of liquid are the highest to the anti-effect of cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum, are secondly insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, and the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum. Through variance analysis, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid and 10% imidacloprid WP, 3750 times of liquid are different not significantly (P��0.01), reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01) with insecticidal bactericide AS100,200 times of anti-effect differences of liquid; 3d after medicine, 10% imidacloprid WP 3750 times liquid is the highest to the anti-effect of cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum, is secondly insecticidal bactericide AS50,100 times of liquid, and the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum. Through variance analysis, 10% imidacloprid WP 3750 times liquid and insecticidal bactericide AS50,100,200 times of anti-effect differences of liquid reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01).
In sum, by verification experimental verification, insecticidal bactericide AS is excellent to the anti-effect of cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum, to crop safety, it is proposed that usage quantity 200-50 times of liquid. The initial stage is occurred to adopt the whole strain blade even spraying of spray method at cucumber trialeurodes vaporariorum, taking blade droplet water as degree.
In addition, from spray medicine to test terminate whole process, by the naked eye, insecticidal bactericide AS prevents and treats three kinds of different concns of powdery mildew of cucumber, obvious symptom of chemical damage does not all occur, to cucumber safety.
Test example 3: control cowpea aphid field control effectiveness test
(1) materials and methods
1.1 reagent agent
The insecticidal bactericide of the present invention;
25% fenvalerate missible oil (Shenzhen Nuopuxin Agricultural Chemical Co., Ltd).
1.2 for examination object
Crop cowpea, kind: No. 4, high yield, subjects is beans aphid (Aphiscraccivora).
1.3 test process
5 process are established in test altogether, repeat for 4 times. Every plot area 15m2, random alignment, protection row is established in every community. 5 process are respectively: A. insecticidal bactericide 2205g (ai.)/hm2 (200 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 0.5%); B. insecticidal bactericide 4410g (ai.)/hm2 (100 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 1%); C. insecticidal bactericide 8820g (ai.)/hm2 (50 times of liquid, i.e. concentration 2%); D.25% fenvalerate missible oil 90g (ai.)/hm2 (2500 times of liquid); E. clear water comparison (CK). 1.4 test method
Soil type is red soil, and soil fertility is medium, and preceding crop is Chinese cabbage. The cultivation condition (soil type, fertilizer, growing stage, seeding row spacing etc.) of all test communities is evenly consistent and consistent with local agricultural cultivation measure. It is in, at cowpea, the initial stage of yielding positive results, dispenser 1 time when beanpod is newly grown up, selects profit agriculture LP-605 type atomizer medication, liquid even spraying in cowpea plant. The medicament of any other disease and pest of control is not used between trial period.
1.5 investigation method
Adopting diagonal lines 5 sampling in each treatment zone, get a strain cowpea at often, strain is selected 3 blade red varnish marks light green, that Aphed population is moderate as the object of the investigation of Aphed population before medicine, after medicine, every community is totally 15 blades. Before dispenser, investigate after aphid worm mouth radix and dispenser 1,3, the worm number alive of 7d investigation residual, by following formulae discovery Revision insect recluced rate and Rectifying efficacies, by DMRT method, the anti-effect after medicine is carried out significance of difference test simultaneously, evaluates anti-effect.
1.6 method of calculation
Revision insect recluced rate (%)=[before (before dispenser worm number after worm number-dispenser)/dispenser worm number] �� 100
Prevention effect (%)=[(treatment zone Revision insect recluced rate-check plot Revision insect recluced rate)/(100-check plot Revision insect recluced rate)] �� 100
Table 4: control cowpea beans aphid field control effectiveness test result
(2) results and analysis
See table 4,1d after medicine, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid is the highest to the cowpea anti-effect of beans aphid, reaches 98%, is secondly insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 25% fenvalerate EC2500 times of liquid, and the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum.Through variance analysis, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid and insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 25% fenvalerate EC2500 times of liquid difference significantly (P��0.01), do not reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01) with the anti-effect difference of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid; 3d after medicine, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid is the highest to the cowpea anti-effect of beans aphid, reach 97.90%, next is insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 25% fenvalerate EC2500 times of liquid, the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum, through variance analysis, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid and insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 25% fenvalerate EC2500 times of liquid difference significantly (P��0.01), do not reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01) with the anti-effect difference of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid; 7d after medicine, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid is the highest to the cowpea anti-effect of beans aphid, reach 96.77%, next is insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 25% fenvalerate EC2500 times of liquid, the anti-effect of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid is minimum, through variance analysis, insecticidal bactericide AS50 times of liquid and insecticidal bactericide AS100 times of liquid, 25% fenvalerate EC2500 times of liquid difference significantly (P��0.01), do not reach pole conspicuous level (P��0.01) with the anti-effect difference of insecticidal bactericide AS200 times of liquid.
In sum, by verification experimental verification, insecticidal bactericide AS is excellent to the anti-effect of cowpea, to crop safety, it is proposed that usage quantity 200-50 times of liquid. The initial stage is occurred to adopt the whole strain blade even spraying of spray method cowpea aphid, taking blade droplet water as degree.
In addition, from spray medicine to test terminate whole process, by the naked eye, insecticidal bactericide AS prevent and treat cowpea aphid three kinds of different concns, obvious symptom of chemical damage does not all occur, to crop safety.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, it is possible to improved according to the above description or convert, all these improve or convert within the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an insecticidal bactericide, it comprises the component of following mass ratio: the sylvite of lipid acid or ammonium salt 30��70 parts, organic alcohol 10��40 parts and 0��50 part, water.
2. insecticidal bactericide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it comprises the component of following mass ratio: fatty acid potassium salt 40��60 parts, organic alcohol 20��30 parts and 15��35 parts, water.
3. insecticidal bactericide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the lipid acid in the sylvite of described lipid acid or ammonium salt be selected from caprylic acid, lauric acid, palmitinic acid, stearic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, the acid of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers alkene, lauroleic acid, myristoleic acid, Zoomeric acid, oleic acid, erucic acid and eicosanoic acid one or more.
4. insecticidal bactericide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described organic alcohol be selected from ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerine any one or several.
5. a preparation method for the arbitrary described insecticidal bactericide of claim 1-4, comprises the following steps:
A, the sylvite of lipid acid or ammonium salt are dissolved in organic alcohol;
B, add water, constantly stir, obtain insecticidal bactericide.
6. utilize a using method for the arbitrary described insecticidal bactericide of claim 1-4, comprise the steps:
S1, being blended into water in insecticidal bactericide, stir and obtain uniform spray liquid, wherein the volume ratio percentage ratio of insecticidal bactericide and water is 0.5%��5%;
S2, described spray liquid is sprayed on farm crop.
7. using method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that, in step sl, every hectare uses insecticidal bactericide to be 2205g��8820g.
8. using method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that, every hectare uses insecticidal bactericide to be 4410g��8820g.
9. using method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that, in step s 2, described farm crop are the vegetables of open country and Greenhouse, fruit tree, cotton, tobacco, flowers or lawn.
10. using method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that, described insecticidal bactericide is as the application of control mite class, aphid, aleyrodid, red spider, thrips, mealybug shell and white powder germ.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN109090143A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-28 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Contain olive shark and acaricidal complex composition and its application |
| CN110483167A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of functional liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof of the dedicated disease-resistant yield-increasing upgrading of banana |
| CN111493099A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-07 | 上海交通大学 | Compound extracted from peanut branches and leaves and used for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus and application of compound |
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| CN111493099A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-07 | 上海交通大学 | Compound extracted from peanut branches and leaves and used for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus and application of compound |
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