CN105629286B - A kind of ionisation chamber measuring Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent - Google Patents
A kind of ionisation chamber measuring Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent Download PDFInfo
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- CN105629286B CN105629286B CN201610060231.0A CN201610060231A CN105629286B CN 105629286 B CN105629286 B CN 105629286B CN 201610060231 A CN201610060231 A CN 201610060231A CN 105629286 B CN105629286 B CN 105629286B
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- collector
- ionisation chamber
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements
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Abstract
The present embodiments relate to a kind of ionisation chamber measuring Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent, the ionisation chamber includes：Ionization chamber wall, including organic glass shell layer and aluminium hypostracum；The inner wall of organic glass outer shell connects with the outer wall of aluminium hypostracum；One end of ionization chamber wall offers electrode hole in center；Collector is in rod-shaped, is made of aluminum material；The top of collector is hemispherical, and bottom end is supporting rod, is used for the connection of collector and external signal cable；Pole is protected, is annularly socketed on outside supporting rod, between the outer surface and the inner surface of protection pole of supporting rod there is insulating layer to be isolated；High-pressure stage is annularly socketed on outside protection extremely, and protecting between the outer surface of pole and the inner surface of high-pressure stage, there is insulating layer to be isolated；Fixed ring is socketed on outside high-pressure stage, to which collector, protection pole and high-pressure stage to be nested in concentric ring in fixed ring；Fixed ring is installed in electrode hole, and collector is made to be placed among ionisation chamber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of activity-sensing equipment field more particularly to a kind of ionisation chambers measuring Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent.
Background technology
Ionisation chamber is a kind of gas detector for detecting ionizing radiation, and operation principle is to work as x ray irradiation x detector
When, ray is had an effect with gas molecule in detector, generates electronics-cation pair.On ionisation chamber collector and high-pressure stage
DC polarization voltage is added to form electric field, gas molecule ionizes the electronics to be formed and cation and can be moved to the two poles of the earth, forms ionization electricity
Stream.Usual ionisation chamber is operated in proportional region, i.e. ionization current size is proportional to the initial ion pair number of ray generation, Ye Jizheng
Than in transmitted intensity.
Ionization radiation protection practicality amount is divided into as Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent H* (d), directional dose equivalent H ' (d) and personal dose
Equivalent Hp (d).Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent and directional dose equivalent are used for place and environmental monitoring.In environment and the monitoring of the workplace
In, Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent be uniquely be associated with basic restrictions effective dose equivalent can measure.The definition of Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent
Refer in ICRU spheres in corresponding aligned and expended field against spoke for the Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent H* (d) at certain point in radiation field
It penetrates on the radius of incident direction, the dose equivalent at depth d.For highly-penetrating radiation, the depth d of recommendation is 10mm.
Existing many ion-chamber Radiation Protection Monitoring instruments all only measure exposure or air kerma rate,
The dose conversion factor for the Radiation Protection Quantities that operating personnel provide in being reported typically only by ICRU is multiplied by air kerma
Rate so that obtain Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent rate indirectly, and dose conversion factor is in X or energy area that energy of γ ray is 200keV or more
Interior variation is smaller；In the Low Energy Regions below 200keV, dose conversion factor increased, at about 70keV, dose conversion factor
Up to 1.55, and in more Low Energy Region, as dose conversion factor drops to 0.3 at 15keV.Under these conditions using measurement irradiation
The instrument of amount or air kerma carrys out amounts of reactants equivalent and may result in larger measurement error.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the drawbacks of the prior art, providing a kind of Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent ionisation chamber, filled in structure
Divide the technology requirement for considering electronic equilibrium and energy response, leakage current very little, measurement result is accurate, and error is small.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of ionisation chambers measuring Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent, including：
Ionization chamber wall, including organic glass shell layer and aluminium hypostracum；The inner wall of the organic glass outer shell and institute
The outer wall for stating aluminium hypostracum connects；One end of the ionization chamber wall offers electrode hole in center；
Collector is in rod-shaped, is made of aluminum material；The top of the collector is hemispherical, and bottom end is supporting rod, is used
In the connection of collector and external signal cable；
Pole is protected, is annularly socketed on outside the supporting rod, the interior table of the outer surface of the supporting rod and the protection pole
Between face there is insulating layer to be isolated；
High-pressure stage is annularly socketed on outside the protection extremely, the interior table of the outer surface and the high-pressure stage of the protection pole
Between face there is insulating layer to be isolated；
Fixed ring is socketed on outside the high-pressure stage, to which the collector, protection pole and high-pressure stage is nested in concentric ring
In in the fixed ring；The fixed ring is installed in the electrode hole, and the collector is made to be placed among the ionisation chamber.
Preferably, there is certain voltage, the inside of the ionisation chamber is in collector between the collector and high-pressure stage
Electric field is formed between high-pressure stage；When by x ray irradiation x, the ionisation chamber internal gas is ionized to electron-ion pair,
Ionization current is formed under the electric field action.
Preferably, the protection pole ground connection.
Preferably, the insulating layer is the polyether-ether-ketone or polytrifluorochloroethylene of resistance to x ray irradiation x.
Preferably, the ionisation chamber is spherical, cylindrical or goalpost shape.
Preferably, the outer height of the aluminium hypostracum is 129mm, inner height 128mm, internal diameter 100mm, and thickness is
0.5mm。
It is further preferred that the outer height of the organic glass outer shell is 144.4mm, inner height 129mm, internal diameter is
101mm, thickness 7.7mm.
It is further preferred that the collection extremely height 89mm, diameter 7mm, top is the hemispherical of diameter 7mm.
Preferably, current measure device is connected between the collector and the protection pole, the ionization current is carried out
It measures.
Preferably, the ionization chamber wall also has trepanning, so as to ionize indoor and outdoor air free exchange to reach temperature
Degree, air pressure balance.
Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent ionisation chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention fully considers electronic equilibrium and energy response in structure
Technology requirement, leakage current very little, measurement result is accurate, and error is small.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent ionisation chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
The production method of direct current continuous current signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention is specifically used for generating DC low current perseverance
Flow signal.
Fig. 1 is the ionisation chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention for measuring Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 1, the present embodiment
The ionisation chamber of the measurement Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent of offer includes：Ionization chamber wall 1, collector 2 are protected pole 3, high-pressure stage 4 and are fixed
Ring 5.
Ionization chamber wall 1, including organic glass shell layer 11 and aluminium hypostracum 12；The inner wall of organic glass outer shell 11 with
The outer wall of aluminium hypostracum 12 connects；One end of ionization chamber wall 1 offers electrode hole 13 in center；
Specifically, the definition based on Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent, ionisation chamber should reach electronic equilibrium in measurement process, therefore
There are equivalent relation, the equivalent atom ordinal number (air as identical as possible of ionization chamber wall and air between ionization chamber wall and air
7.64) equivalent atom ordinal number is.Therefore, ionization chamber wall 1 is using 11 (etc. of organic glass outer shell made of organic glass material
Imitate atomic number 6.5) and aluminium material made of aluminium hypostracum 12 (atomic number 13), the thickness of organic glass outer shell 11 is
The thickness of 7.7mm, aluminium hypostracum 12 are 0.5mm.The internal volume of ionisation chamber is about 1000cm3,
Ionisation chamber can be spherical, cylindrical or goalpost shape.In one specific example, using cylindrical ionisation chamber,
Its cylinder inner diameter 100mm, interior high 128mm, outer high 129mm, thickness 0.5mm.
Ionization chamber wall 1 also has trepanning 14, so that ionization indoor and outdoor air can be with free exchange to reach temperature, gas
Flatten weighing apparatus.The diameter of trepanning 14 is preferably 0.5mm.
Collector 2 is in rod-shaped, is made of aluminum material；
The top of collector 2 is hemispherical；Bottom end is supporting rod 21, is made of copper material, is believed with external for collector 2
The connection of number cable.
In one specific example, the length of collector is 89mm, and a diameter of 7mm, top is the half of diameter 7mm
It is spherical.
Pole 3 is protected, is annularly socketed on outside supporting rod 21, between the outer surface of supporting rod 21 and the inner surface for protecting pole 3
It is isolated with insulating layer 6.Protect 3 grounding connection of pole.
High-pressure stage 4, is made of copper, and is annularly socketed on outside protection pole 3, protects the interior table of the outer surface and high-pressure stage 4 of pole 3
Between face there is insulating layer 6 to be isolated.
Fixed ring 5 is made of chromium plating copper material, is socketed on outside high-pressure stage 4, to by collector 2, protect pole 3 and high pressure
Pole 4 is nested in concentric ring in fixed ring 5；Fixed ring 5 is installed in electrode hole 13, and collector 2 is made to be placed among ionisation chamber.
Insulating layer 6 described above be resistance to x ray irradiation x insulating layer, generally use insulating materials polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) or
Polytrifluorochloroethylene.
When ionisation chamber works, protection pole 3 ground connection is arranged between collector 2 and high-pressure stage 4, to reduce leakage current loss,
There is certain voltage, preferably+400V, the inside of ionisation chamber is in collector 2 and high-pressure stage 4 between collector 2 and high-pressure stage 4
Between form electric field；When by x ray irradiation x, ionisation chamber internal gas is ionized to electron-ion pair, in the electric field action
It is lower to be moved to two-stage, form ionization current.
Current measure device is connected between collector 2 and protection pole 3, for measuring ionization current signal.
In practical operation, various sizes of ionization can be designed according to the required dosage rate range for measuring radiation field
Room carries out ionization current measurement to ensure using existing micro current equipment.
Offer Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent ionisation chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention fully considers electronic equilibrium and energy in structure
The technology requirement of response, leakage current very little, measurement result is accurate, and error is small.
Professional should further appreciate that, described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure
Unit and algorithm steps, can be realized with electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two, hard in order to clearly demonstrate
The interchangeability of part and software generally describes each exemplary composition and step according to function in the above description.
These functions are implemented in hardware or software actually, depend on the specific application and design constraint of technical solution.
Professional technician can use different methods to achieve the described function each specific application, but this realization
It should not be considered as beyond the scope of the present invention.
The step of method described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in this document or algorithm, can use hardware, processor to execute
The combination of software module or the two is implemented.Software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), memory, read-only memory
(ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable ROM, register, hard disk, moveable magnetic disc, CD-ROM or technical field
In any other form of storage medium well known to interior.
Above-described specific implementation mode has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect
It is described in detail, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific implementation mode of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of ionisation chamber measuring Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent, which is characterized in that the ionisation chamber includes：
Ionization chamber wall, including organic glass shell layer and aluminium hypostracum；The inner wall of the organic glass outer shell and the aluminium
The outer wall of hypostracum connects；One end of the ionization chamber wall offers electrode hole in center；The ionization chamber wall is also
With trepanning, so as to ionize indoor and outdoor air free exchange to reach temperature, air pressure balance；The outer height of the aluminium hypostracum
For 129mm, inner height 128mm, internal diameter 100mm, thickness 0.5mm；The outer height of the organic glass outer shell is
144.4mm, inner height 129mm, internal diameter 101mm, thickness 7.7mm；
Collector is in rod-shaped, is made of aluminum material；The top of the collector is hemispherical, and bottom end is supporting rod, is used for institute
State the connection of collector and external signal cable；
Protect pole, be annularly socketed on outside the supporting rod, the outer surface of the supporting rod with it is described protection pole inner surface it
Between have insulating layer be isolated；
High-pressure stage, is annularly socketed on that the protection is extremely outer, the outer surface of the protection pole and the inner surface of the high-pressure stage it
Between have insulating layer be isolated；
Fixed ring is socketed on outside the high-pressure stage, to which the collector, protection pole and high-pressure stage are nested in institute in concentric ring
It states in fixed ring；The fixed ring is installed in the electrode hole, and the collector is made to be placed among the ionisation chamber.
2. ionisation chamber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that have between the collector and the high-pressure stage certain
Voltage, the inside of the ionisation chamber forms electric field between the collector and the high-pressure stage；When by x ray irradiation x,
The ionisation chamber internal gas is ionized to electron-ion pair, and ionization current is formed under the electric field action.
3. ionisation chamber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the protection pole ground connection.
4. ionisation chamber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the insulating layer be resistance to x ray irradiation x polyether-ether-ketone or
Polytrifluorochloroethylene.
5. ionisation chamber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the collection extremely height 89mm, diameter 7mm, top
For the hemispherical of diameter 7mm.
6. ionisation chamber according to claim 2, which is characterized in that connect electric current between the collector and the protection pole
Measuring apparatus measures the ionization current.
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| CN106842276B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2023-06-16 | 山东中测校准质控技术有限公司 | Orifice plate type collector plate diagnosis ionization chamber |
| CN108152845B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2020-02-11 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Air absorption dose rate measuring method based on pulse height spectrum |
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| CN108183060B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-07-23 | 中国计量科学研究院 | A kind of ionisation chamber for radiation dose monitoring |
| CN108562931A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-09-21 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of energy compensating type Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent secondary standard ionisation chamber |
| CN108776351A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-09 | 山东中测校准质控技术有限公司 | A kind of radioactive source activity measurement well-type ionization chamber |
| CN109011212B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-11-08 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Wide for medical accelerator can atmospheric air ionisation chamber |
| CN115356547A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-18 | 陕西卫峰核电子有限公司 | Ionization chamber sensor and measuring method thereof |
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