CN105628529A - Wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method - Google Patents
Wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105628529A CN105628529A CN201410598486.3A CN201410598486A CN105628529A CN 105628529 A CN105628529 A CN 105628529A CN 201410598486 A CN201410598486 A CN 201410598486A CN 105628529 A CN105628529 A CN 105628529A
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Abstract
The invention provides a wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method. The system comprises a four-way pipe, a drilling rod, a sand leakage pipe and an air compressor. The four-way pipe comprises a straight-way pipe and by-pass pipes communicated with the straight-way pipe. The upper end opening of the straight-way pipe is sealed through an upper end cap. The lower end opening of the straight-way pipe is sealed through a lower end cap. The lower end cap is provided with a cavity. The drilling rod is arranged in the straight-way pipe. The upper end opening is seal-connected to the upper end cap. The upper end cap is provided with a sand feeding pore and an air feeding pore. The sand feeding pore and the air feeding pore are communicated with the interior of the drilling rod. The sand leakage pipe is arranged in the drilling rod and is used for guiding sand particles into the cavity. The air compressor is communicated with the interior of the drilling rod through a pipe and is used for guiding air into the cavity. The wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method completely simulate the wellhead equipment erosion on-site situation, can acquire data for guiding a researcher to know the production field erosion real reason through analysis and has an actual meaning for oil field on-site production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration field, particularly relate to a kind of wellhead equipment erosion analog systems and method.
Background technology
Currently, gas underbalance well drilling technical development is very rapid. Specifically, in gas underbalance well drilling process, it may appear that to wellhead equipment erosion problem.
In prior art, for erosion problem to wellhead equipment in better learning gas under balance pressure drilling process, the main method adopting Computer Simulation illustrates erosion reason. Such as, by gas Erosion Mechanism in computer simulation gas drilling drilling tool, and in gas drilling, gas takes the rock Erosion Mechanism to drilling rod.
But, adopt the method for this Computer Simulation of prior art to study, still have certain difference with actual job environment, can not accurately determine and when producing into actual job, the research of wellhead equipment erosion be provided reliably according to real causes.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of wellhead equipment erosion analog systems and method, provides reliable foundation for the research for wellhead equipment erosion.
First aspect present invention provides a kind of wellhead equipment erosion analog systems, including: four-way pipe, drilling rod, leakage sandpipe, air compressor;
Described four-way pipe includes the straight pipe and the bypass pipe that are connected, and the upper end open of described straight pipe is sealed by upper plug head, and lower ending opening is sealed by lower end cap, is provided with cavity in described lower end cap;
Described drilling rod is hollow body, is arranged on inside described straight pipe, and the upper end open of described drilling rod is tightly connected with described upper plug head;
Described upper plug head is provided with into sand hole and air inlet, described air inlet with described enter sand hole all connect with the inside of described drilling rod;
Described leakage sandpipe is arranged on inside described drilling rod, and the top of described leakage sandpipe be located in described in enter in sand hole, for sand grains being imported described cavity;
Described air compressor connects by pipeline and described drilling rod are internal, for directing the air into described cavity, wherein, one end of described pipeline is connected with the exit seal of described air compressor, the other end of described pipeline is located in described air inlet, and described air and described sand grains rise along the annular space between described straight pipe inwall and described drilling-rod external wall after mixing in described cavity and discharge from the opening of described bypass pipe.
As it has been described above, described system also includes: constant feeder and instrument controlling cabinet;
Described instrument controlling cabinet, is connected with described constant feeder, for controlling the sand grains flow in the described constant feeder unit interval;
Constant feeder, for the sand grains flow set according to described instrument controlling cabinet, is input to sand grains in described cavity by described leakage sandpipe.
As it has been described above, the horizontal level of described drilling rod bottom opening is lower than the horizontal level of described leakage sandpipe bottom opening.
As it has been described above, one of them opening part of described bypass pipe is provided with pressure difference transmitter, described pressure difference transmitter is connected with pitot tube;
The gas flow rate obtaining described bypass pipe opening part measured by described pressure difference transmitter and described pitot tube.
As it has been described above, described pipeline is provided with the pressure regulator valve for adjusting gas flow and the oil water separator for dry air.
As it has been described above, described system also includes: casing, described casing is built-in with grid, and described casing is divided into mutually isolated two parts by described grid;
Described four-way pipe is positioned on the upper surface of described grid, the upper surface of the lower surface of described lower end cap and described grid.
As it has been described above, the upper surface area of the box portion under described grid is more than lower surface area;
The lower surface of described casing is provided with opening, and described opening is provided with can the locking device of folding.
Second aspect present invention provides a kind of wellhead equipment erosion analogy method, including:
Sand grains and air are imported in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe;
After described sand grains and air mix in described cavity, rise along the annular space between described straight pipe inwall and drilling-rod external wall and discharge from the bypass pipe opening of described four-way pipe;
After preset time period, the wall thickness of described four-way pipe is measured, and the original wall thickness of measurement result Yu described four-way pipe is compared.
As it has been described above, in the described cavity that sand grains and air are imported the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe, including:
Direct the air into according to pre-set gas flow in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of described four-way pipe, and according to default sand grains flow sand grains imported in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of described four-way pipe.
As it has been described above, described method also includes: direct the air in the process in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe, described air is dried.
In the embodiment of the present invention, wellhead equipment erosion analog systems adopts entity apparatus to simulate the washed out scene of wellhead equipment completely, the data obtained can make research worker better analyze the real causes obtaining production scene generation erosion, and the produced on-site in oil field is had more practical significance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of wellhead equipment erosion analog systems embodiment one provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of wellhead equipment erosion analog systems embodiment two provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of wellhead equipment erosion analogy method embodiment one provided by the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of wellhead equipment erosion analog systems embodiment one provided by the invention, and Fig. 2 is the structural representation of wellhead equipment erosion analog systems embodiment two provided by the invention.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this system includes: four-way pipe 1, drilling rod 2, leakage sandpipe 3 and air compressor 4. Specifically,
With reference to Fig. 2, four-way pipe 1 includes the straight pipe 11 and the bypass pipe 12 that are connected, and wherein straight pipe 11 in the vertical direction has upper and lower two openings: upper end open and lower ending opening; Bypass pipe 12 has two openings in left and right in the horizontal direction. The upper end open of straight pipe 11 is sealed by upper plug head 5, and lower ending opening is sealed by lower end cap 6, wherein, is provided with cavity 61 in described lower end cap 6. During concrete simulation experiment, this cavity 61 can serve as mulling room.
Above-mentioned drilling rod 2 is hollow body, is arranged on straight pipe 11 internal, and the upper end open of drilling rod is tightly connected with upper plug head 5.
Above-mentioned upper plug head 5 is provided with into sand hole 51 and air inlet 52, above-mentioned enter sand hole 51 all connect with the inside of drilling rod 2 with air inlet 52.
Leakage sandpipe 3 is arranged on the inside of drilling rod 2, and the top of this leakage sandpipe 3 be located in above-mentioned enter in sand hole 51, for sand grains being imported above-mentioned cavity 61.
Above-mentioned air compressor 4 connects by pipeline 41 and drilling rod 2 are internal, is used for directing the air into above-mentioned cavity 61. Specifically, one end of pipeline 41 is connected with the exit seal of air compressor, and the other end of this pipeline 41 is located in above-mentioned air inlet 52. After air compressor 4 starts, air can arrive in drilling rod 2 along pipeline 41 stream, in along space one direct current between drilling rod 2 inwall and leakage sandpipe 3 outer wall to cavity 61.
During experiment, air and sand grains rise along the annular space between the inwall and drilling rod 2 outer wall of above-mentioned straight pipe 11 after mixing in cavity 61 and discharge from the opening of bypass pipe 12. Specifically, after air and sand grains mix, sand grains can rise under the drive of air-flow.
Implement in process, the system that the present embodiment provides is adopted to carry out erosion simulation experiment, mixing in cavity 61 is flowed into by air and sand grains according to default flow, after mixing, sand grains rises under the drive of air-flow, and discharges from the opening of bypass pipe 12, after the time period preset, the wall thickness of four-way pipe 1 measured and records data, it is possible to obtaining the impact that four-way tube wall is caused by erosion.
In the present embodiment, wellhead equipment erosion analog systems adopts entity apparatus to simulate the washed out scene of wellhead equipment completely, the data obtained can make research worker better analyze the real causes obtaining production scene generation erosion, and the produced on-site in oil field is had more practical significance.
With reference to Fig. 1, said system also includes: constant feeder 7 and instrument controlling cabinet 8, and this instrument controlling cabinet 8 is connected with constant feeder 7, for controlling the sand grains flow in this constant feeder 7 unit interval. Instrument controlling cabinet 8 also specified rate batcher 7 provides electric energy simultaneously.
Constant feeder 7, for the sand grains flow set according to instrument controlling cabinet 8, is input to sand grains in above-mentioned cavity 61 by leaking sandpipe 3. Specifically, the upper end of above-mentioned leakage sandpipe 3 can be tightly connected funnel 31, and sand grains is imported in funnel 31 by constant feeder 7, and then sand grains imports in cavity 61 along leakage sandpipe 3 and mixes with air. Wherein, funnel 31 can be threaded connection with leakage sandpipe 3.
Specifically, pre-setting the discharge of sand grains in the unit interval by above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet 8, then constant feeder 7 can be controlled by instrument controlling cabinet 8 according to the discharge of sand grains in the unit interval pre-set. More specifically, be provided with the gentle feed belt in electronic-weighing sky in constant feeder 7, the sand grains flowed out in the unit interval can be weighed and weight feeds back to instrument controlling cabinet 8 by this electronic-weighing balance, simultaneously by feed belt by sand grains importing leakage sandpipe 3. The weight flowing out sand grains in the unit interval that electronic-weighing balance is fed back by instrument controlling cabinet 8 is compared with the discharge of sand grains in the unit interval pre-set, using comparison result as according to the rotating speed of feed belt in adjustment quantitative batcher 7, thus controlling the discharge of sand grains in the unit interval.
More preferably, in order to make sand grains and air better mix, and being discharged by bypass pipe 12, as in figure 2 it is shown, the horizontal level of above-mentioned drilling rod 2 bottom opening is lower than the horizontal level of leakage sandpipe 3 bottom opening, namely the bottom opening of drilling rod 2 is closer to the bottom of cavity 61. Preferably, the vertical distance of drilling rod 2 bottom opening and leakage sandpipe 3 bottom opening, more than or equal to 1.2 centimetres (cm), less than or equal to 1.8cm, certainly, is not limited thereto, usually, it would however also be possible to employ 1cm or 2cm etc.
Alternatively, in order to make sand grains and air better mix, the horizontal level of above-mentioned drilling rod 2 bottom opening is lower than the horizontal level of described straight pipe 11 lower ending opening, the vertical distance of its above-mentioned drilling rod 2 bottom opening and straight pipe 11 lower ending opening is more than or equal to 2 millimeters (mm), less than or equal to 7mm, preferably, generally the vertical distance of drilling rod 2 bottom opening Yu straight pipe 11 lower ending opening is set to 5mm.
With continued reference to Fig. 1, one of them opening part of above-mentioned bypass pipe 12 is provided with pressure difference transmitter 9, and this pressure difference transmitter 9 is connected with pitot tube 10, and this pressure difference transmitter 9 and pitot tube 10 are for measuring the gas flow rate obtaining above-mentioned bypass pipe 12 opening part. Specifically, pitot tube 10 and pressure difference transmitter 9 is flowed successively through from bypass pipe 12 opening part effluent air, the gas flow rate obtaining bypass pipe 12 opening part measured by pitot tube 10, shown by pressure difference transmitter 9, further, this pressure difference transmitter 9 needs to regulate gas flow rate according to experiment, it is achieved the control to sand grains discharge speed, wherein, sand grains discharge speed refers to that sand grains enters the speed that cavity tailing edge bypass pipe is discharged. Further, by regulating, gas flow rate is made to reach the value that experiment is required.
This pressure difference transmitter 9 can also connect with above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet 8, and the air flow velocity that above-mentioned measurement obtains can be shown on the display screen of pressure difference transmitter 9 simultaneously and on the display screen of instrument controlling cabinet 8, facilitate experimenter's observed data.
Further, on the basis of above-described embodiment, above-mentioned pipeline 41 is provided with the pressure regulator valve 42 for adjusting gas flow and the oil water separator 43 for dry air.
Specifically, experimenter measures, according to above-mentioned pressure difference transmitter 9 and pitot tube 10, the air flow velocity obtained and pressure regulator valve 42 is adjusted, to adjust the gas flow in pipeline, so that the gas flow values in bypass pipe 12 exit reaches experiment needs.
Alternatively, in another embodiment, pressure regulator valve 42 can connect with instrument controlling cabinet 8, instrument controlling cabinet 8 realize the adjustment to pressure regulator valve 42, eliminates the manual adjustments of research worker.
Oil water separator 43 mainly filters the moisture in air compressor 4 delivery air, it is prevented that air and sand grains cause sand grains to lump, affect experiment effect after mixing.
It should be noted that above-mentioned air compressor 4 can be connected with electric switch switch board 44, electric switch switch board 44 control the on off state of air compressor 4.
Alternatively, during concrete assembling said system, it is also possible to electric switch switch board 44 and above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet 8 are assembled into one, so that various piece in said system is controlled, and record and storage experimental data.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, said system also includes being provided with grid 15 in casing 14, this casing 14, and casing 14 is divided into mutually isolated two parts by this grid 15. Above-mentioned four-way pipe 1 is positioned on grid 15, specifically, and the lower surface of above-mentioned lower end cap 6 and the upper surface of grid 15.
Box portion under grid 15 may be used for reclaiming sand grains, and namely sand grains falls into lower box by grid 15 after discharging from the opening part of bypass pipe 12. Casing under grid 15 can being set to funnel-form, namely the area of the box portion upper surface under grid is more than the area of lower surface.
The lower surface of above-mentioned casing 14 is provided with opening 16, and this opening 16 be provided with can the locking device 17 of folding. After opening locking device 17, the sand grains reclaimed in casing 14 just can flow out under gravity, facilitates the recovery of sand grains.
This locking device 17 could be arranged to can the dividing plate of push-and-pull, namely track is set at opening part, allows dividing plate along track push-and-pull to realize folding. Certainly, it is not limited thereto.
During specific experiment, whole casing 14 can be placed on support 18.
The system bulk that the embodiment of the present invention provides is less, specifically can reduce according to the actual device of production scene, oil field is proportional, to be easily installed in laboratory, so that research worker just can complete simulation experiment in the lab, also reduce experimental cost. Being tested by said system, it is possible to qualitative and quantitative acquisition experimental data, produced on-site is also had more reliable reference value by acquired experimental data.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of wellhead equipment erosion analogy method embodiment one provided by the invention, and the method is completed by the system in previous embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, the method includes:
S301, sand grains and air are imported in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe.
Specifically, sand grains, is input in cavity by leaking sandpipe by above-mentioned constant feeder under the control of instrument controlling cabinet. Air is provided by air compressor, imports cavity by pipeline.
After S302, this sand grains and air mix in cavity, rise along the annular space between above-mentioned straight pipe inwall and drilling-rod external wall, and discharge from the bypass pipe opening of above-mentioned four-way pipe.
S303, after preset time period, the wall thickness of above-mentioned four-way pipe is measured, and the original wall thickness of measurement result Yu four-way pipe is compared. Thus can obtaining weight eroded, research worker can carry out more deep analysis according to weight eroded, so that wellhead equipment erosion to be studied.
In specific experiment process, after preset time period, stop experiment, the measuring point (such as bypass pipe) of four-way pipe is cut, and its inwall is quantitatively polished, examine under a microscope residual wall thickness afterwards, to determine the weight eroded in preset time period. Specifically, weight eroded deducts thickness of quantitatively polishing equal to original wall thickness, deducts and work as anterior wall thickness again.
Illustrating, table 1 is a determined experiment condition of specific experiment,
Table 1
| Project | Data |
| Four-way pipe material | 45# steel |
| Measuring point | Bypass pipe inwall |
| Sand content | 0.1% |
| Temperature (DEG C) | 20 |
| Gas flow rate (m/s) | 50 |
| Test period (h) | 6/24 |
Specifically, above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet determines the sand grains flow in the unit interval according to the silt content preset.
Table 2 is under the experiment condition shown in table 1, after 6 hours, and the experimental data of acquisition,
Table 2
Table 3 is under the experiment condition shown in table 1, after 24 hours, and the experimental data of acquisition,
Table 3
Specifically, the bypass pipe inwall diverse location of horizontal positioned is measured respectively, in table 2, " 12 point " represents the inwall of above-mentioned bypass pipe tip position, and " 3 point " and " 9 point " represents the inwall of above-mentioned bypass pipe horizontal level, and " 6 point " represents above-mentioned bypass pipe bottom position.
In the present embodiment, after air and sand grains being mixed in cavity, discharging from the bypass pipe of four-way pipe, and then measure four-way pipe wall thickness, and compare with original wall thickness, obtain in experimentation, the loss of four-way tube wall, thus analyzing wellhead equipment erosion principle. The experimental data that the mode of this employing entity simulation obtains has reference value more, and the produced on-site in oil field is had more practical significance.
Further, in the above-mentioned cavity that sand grains and air are imported the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe, it is specifically as follows: direct the air into according to pre-set gas flow in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom above-mentioned four-way pipe, and according to default sand grains flow sand grains is imported in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of above-mentioned four-way pipe.
Preferably, direct the air in the process in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom four-way pipe, air is dried.
The method embodiment is performed by aforementioned system, and it is similar with technique effect that it realizes principle, does not repeat them here.
Last it is noted that various embodiments above is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, it is not intended to limit; Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that: the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be modified by it, or wherein some or all of technical characteristic is carried out equivalent replacement; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a wellhead equipment erosion analog systems, it is characterised in that including: four-way pipe, drilling rod, leakage sandpipe, air compressor;
Described four-way pipe includes the straight pipe and the bypass pipe that are connected, and the upper end open of described straight pipe is sealed by upper plug head, and lower ending opening is sealed by lower end cap, is provided with cavity in described lower end cap;
Described drilling rod is hollow body, is arranged on inside described straight pipe, and the upper end open of described drilling rod is tightly connected with described upper plug head;
Described upper plug head is provided with into sand hole and air inlet, described air inlet with described enter sand hole all connect with the inside of described drilling rod;
Described leakage sandpipe is arranged on inside described drilling rod, and the top of described leakage sandpipe be located in described in enter in sand hole, for sand grains being imported described cavity;
Described air compressor connects by pipeline and described drilling rod are internal, for directing the air into described cavity, wherein, one end of described pipeline is connected with the exit seal of described air compressor, the other end of described pipeline is located in described air inlet, and described air and described sand grains rise along the annular space between described straight pipe inwall and described drilling-rod external wall after mixing in described cavity and discharge from the opening of described bypass pipe.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include: constant feeder and instrument controlling cabinet;
Described instrument controlling cabinet, is connected with described constant feeder, for controlling the sand grains flow in the described constant feeder unit interval;
Constant feeder, for the sand grains flow set according to described instrument controlling cabinet, is input to sand grains in described cavity by described leakage sandpipe.
3. system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the horizontal level of described drilling rod bottom opening is lower than the horizontal level of described leakage sandpipe bottom opening.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that one of them opening part of described bypass pipe is provided with pressure difference transmitter, and described pressure difference transmitter is connected with pitot tube;
The gas flow rate obtaining described bypass pipe opening part measured by described pressure difference transmitter and described pitot tube.
5. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pipeline is provided with the pressure regulator valve for adjusting gas flow and the oil water separator for dry air.
6. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include: casing, described casing is built-in with grid, and described casing is divided into mutually isolated two parts by described grid;
Described four-way pipe is positioned on the upper surface of described grid, the upper surface of the lower surface of described lower end cap and described grid.
7. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the upper surface area of the box portion under described grid is more than lower surface area;
The lower surface of described casing is provided with opening, and described opening is provided with can the locking device of folding.
8. a wellhead equipment erosion analogy method, it is characterised in that including:
Sand grains and air are imported in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe;
After described sand grains and air mix in described cavity, rise along the annular space between described straight pipe inwall and drilling-rod external wall and discharge from the bypass pipe opening of described four-way pipe;
After preset time period, the wall thickness of described four-way pipe is measured, and the original wall thickness of measurement result Yu described four-way pipe is compared.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in the described cavity that sand grains and air are imported the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe, including:
Direct the air into according to pre-set gas flow in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of described four-way pipe, and according to default sand grains flow sand grains imported in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of described four-way pipe.
10. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that also include:
Direct the air in the process in the cavity of the lower end cap being tightly connected bottom the straight pipe of four-way pipe, described air is dried.
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| CN109556981A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-04-02 | 常州大学 | A kind of horizontal well double-wall drill pipe flushes corrosion experimental device and experimental method |
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| CN105628529B (en) | 2019-05-07 |
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