CN105627801B - A kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people and its implementation of more warm heat supplies - Google Patents
A kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people and its implementation of more warm heat supplies Download PDFInfo
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- CN105627801B CN105627801B CN201610050975.4A CN201610050975A CN105627801B CN 105627801 B CN105627801 B CN 105627801B CN 201610050975 A CN201610050975 A CN 201610050975A CN 105627801 B CN105627801 B CN 105627801B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Abstract
A kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies, feature are：It includes heat accumulation room, babinet built in the heat accumulation room is simultaneously connected, babinet forms hot-air channel with heat accumulation room, hot heating is placed in hot-air channel bottom and is connected, N number of annular space wall is socketed and is connected respectively with babinet successively from inside to outside, between form 1 annular water tank of center water tank and N and form more reservoirs, the hot water temperature in more reservoirs reduces successively from inside to outside, and the outlet of annular water tank is tightly connected with import with thermic load and more temperature-heat-sources respectively；Steady reservoir is formed between outermost annular space wall and babinet.Implementation method includes design calculating and combustion adjustment, and design, which calculates, to be included setting annular space parietal layer number, and optimization design structure size calculates annular space wall thickness, determines heat dissipation capacity, inspection setting value；Combustion adjustment includes online definite hot air flow and crosses the heat transfer process of hot-air channel and more warm water box outer walls, determines radiation processes of more reservoirs to environment online.
Description
Technical field
It is that a kind of zero thermal pollution, constant temperature accumulation of heat, the work people of more warm heat supplies are dual-purpose the present invention relates to heat energy utilization field
Thermal storage device and its implementation.
Background technology
According to statistics, more than the 58% of whole energy of human consumption is consumed in the form of thermal energy, and less than 100
DEG C heat consumption then account for more than the 35% of thermal energy consumption.So far, energy-consuming still lays particular emphasis on fossil fuel, only 2014
Year, in the consumption of global primary energy, oil accounting 32.6%, natural gas accounting 23.7%, coal accounting 30%, to tackle entirely
The needs that ball warms improve share of the regenerative resource in primary energy structure, it has also become the common recognition of countries in the world.
Solar energy is most important basic power source in regenerative resource, its " inexhaustible, nexhaustible " and it is widely distributed,
It is pollution-free, it is Eco-power clean energy resource.The area in China more than 2/3, solar energy year, amount of radiation was more than 6GJ/m2, during year sunshine
Number more than 2200h.The solar radiant energy that the annual earth surface in China receives is about 50 × 1019KJ is equivalent to 170,000,000,000 tons of standards
Coal.So abundant solar energy resources also develops solar power generation for China and provides good condition.
Wind-powered electricity generation is most ripe current technology, basic realization commercialization and most potential emerging regenerative resource skill
Art.By the end of the year 2014, China's grid connected wind power installed capacity is 95,810,000 kilowatts, accounts for the 1/4 of global wind-powered electricity generation installation.2014,
95,810,000 kilowatts of China's wind-electricity integration installed capacity increases by 25.6% on a year-on-year basis, and wind power generation capacity reaches 153,300,000,000 kilowatt hours.2014
Year China grid connected wind power equipment averagely using hour 1905 it is small when, reduce on year-on-year basis 120 it is small when, Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning and sweet
It is respectful when ground wind-powered electricity generation averagely using hour be below 1900 it is small when breakeven point, when wherein Jilin is only 1501 small.There is research aircraft
Structure still will be up to 12%, it is expected that China in 2014 abandons wind rate, far more than 5% reasonable interval.
In recent years, the popularization paces speed-raising of China's biogas engineering.To the end of the year 2010, according to incompletely statistics, have large, medium and small
70,000 many places of type biogas engineering have nearly 40,000,000 family, 1.5 hundred million people to be benefited.At present, 142.6 hundred million m of biogas total amount is produced per year3, convert into standard
25,000,000 tons of coal, can more than 5,000 ten thousand tons of reducing emission of carbon dioxide.Currently, oneself forms household biogas, small-sized joint household biogas, small-sized natural pond
Gas engineering, medium-sized biogas engineering, large-sized biogas engineering and the situation of super-huge biogas engineering development in an all-round way.
At present, solar low-temperature heat collection technology, biomass anaerobic digestion techniques, middle-size and small-size wind generating technology be three into
Ripe renewable energy technologies can meet the needs of people are to domestic hot-water, life combustion gas and electric energy respectively.However, due to by
To energy density it is low, round the clock, season, weather, the unfavorable factors such as landform, reach the solar radiation of earth surface, wind energy have it is aobvious
The energy density of work is low, discontinuity and fluctuation so that they can not independently meet the needs of continuous-stable energy supply, thus cause
Electric power storage, two major class energy storage device of heat accumulation become wind, the technical bottleneck of luminous energy application and development.
On the other hand, the industries such as the metallurgy in China, building materials, chemical industry have substantial amounts of industrial exhaust heat.The statistical number of 2010
According to showing that industrial waste heat resource highest accounts for the 67% of its fuel total amount of heat, wherein recovery rate is up to 60%, and China's waste heat provides
The overall utilization rate in source is relatively low, and large iron and steel enterprise utilization rate of waste heat only has 30%~50% or so.As it can be seen that China's industrial exhaust heat
The room for promotion of resource utilization is very big.But industrial waste heat resource there is also the problem of intermittent and unstability, seriously hinders
The promotion and application in relation to technology are hindered.
In conclusion the characteristics of randomness, fluctuation, intermittence are regenerative resources, thus causes regenerative resource sharp
With in system, there is the contradictions that energy supply and demand do not match that.For this purpose, improving energy conversion and utilization rate just becomes each
State the Implement of sustainable development strategy must top-priority key subjects, and heat-storage technology exactly can very well using it is various can be again
The characteristics of raw energy, realizes that the supply of regenerative resource is complementary, solves energy supply present in renewable energy utilization system
The contradiction not matched that with demand.With the development of regenerative resource, the non-grid-connected application using with heat-storage technology seems more next
It is more important.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of long-acting, low damage, more temperature, constant temperature accumulation of heat flexibly, economic, more warm heat supplies
The dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people and its implementation, randomness, fluctuation, the interval of the regenerative resources such as wind energy, luminous energy that can prevent
Property feature and with can constancy, stability, the contradiction between continuity requirement, combination realized using multiple renewable energy sources
The supply of regenerative resource is complementary, and it is the required a variety of temperature of debirs thermophilic digestion system to meet continuous, stabilization
Degree provides constant heat source, co-producing bio natural gas and organic fertilizer, scattered heating (cold) even, the energy of the negative carbon row of zero carbon row driven
The demand of source integrated system, it is more economical, effectively make full use of the energy, improve energy conversion and utilization rate.
The purpose of the present invention is what is realized by following technical scheme：
A kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies, it is characterised in that：It includes heat accumulation room, babinet, heat
Heating, annular space wall, the heat accumulation room includes heat preservation room body and insulated roof, the heat preservation room body in the heat accumulation room are set respectively
Opposed air inlet and air outlet, insulated roof and the heat preservation room body sealing in heat accumulation room are connected；The babinet is placed in heat accumulation room
And be connected, along annular lacuna is formed between week and heat accumulation room as hot-air channel, the hot heating is placed in be led to babinet as hot wind
The annular lacuna bottom in road is simultaneously connected, and the hot water inlet of hot heating and the thermal water source of more temperature-heat-sources are tightly connected, several are flowed
Fin is respectively placed in the annular lacuna as hot-air channel, is socketed on babinet and is connected, and air velocity transducer and temperature pass
Sensor is respectively placed in the annular lacuna as hot-air channel and is connected；N number of annular space wall is respectively placed in babinet
It is interior and be socketed and be connected respectively with babinet successively from inside to outside, center water tank and N-1 ring are formed between N number of annular space wall
Thus shape water tank forms more reservoirs, the hot water temperature stored in the center water tank of more reservoirs and N-1 annular water tank is by interior
To reducing successively outside, the top and bottom of center water tank and each annular water tank respectively set insulating layer, internal setting temperature
Spend sensor, the thickness of each insulating layer is identical or different, the outlet on center water tank and each annular water tank top respectively with
Thermic load is tightly connected, the import of lower part is respectively tightly connected with more temperature-heat-sources；Annular space wall and case on the outermost side
The steady reservoir of annular is formed between body, the top and bottom of steady reservoir respectively set insulating layer, steady warm water upper box part
First entrance is tightly connected with vacuum pump, the second entrance of lower part is connected with the exit seal at the saturation water source of more temperature-heat-sources, surely
Reservoir built in pressure sensor and temperature sensor；Air velocity transducer and temperature sensor, more warm water built in hot-air channel
Pressure sensor built in temperature sensor, steady reservoir and temperature sensor, vacuum pump built in case are respectively adopted with information
Collection is connected with control system signal.
The structure of the steady reservoir is：Annular semi-permeable membrane built in steady reservoir, annular semi-permeable membrane bottom is connected with babinet,
Gap is left between top and babinet, steady reservoir is divided into two annular spaces by annular semi-permeable membrane, and exterior annular space is
Between saturated vapor appearance vapour, several annular water guide fins are placed in saturated vapor appearance for saturated water water containing space, interior annular space
Between vapour, outside be connected with annular semi-permeable membrane, pressure sensor and temperature sensor are respectively placed in the saturated vapor of steady reservoir
Hold between vapour and be connected, the first entrance of steady warm water upper box part is corresponding with the saturated water water containing space of steady reservoir and vacuum pump seal
Connection, second entrance one end of steady warm water lower box part is connected with annular semi-permeable membrane, the saturation water sources of the other end and more temperature-heat-sources
Exit seal connects.
At least one samming device in each annular water tank of more reservoirs is respectively set and is connected, the samming
Several flowing holes are set on device, and samming device is placed at the 1/4~1/2 of more reservoir height, to eliminate the heat of heat storage water tank point
Layer phenomenon, improves heat storage water tank capacity utilization.
The structure of each annular space wall is identical, and material and thickness are identical or different, and concrete structure is：It is wrapped
Outer wall, inner wall and heat insulation layer are included, the outer wall and inner wall are annular, and the outer wall is socketed on inner wall, insulation
It is placed between outer wall and inner wall and is connected.
A kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat, more warm heat supply the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people implementation method, it include design and calculation method and
Combustion adjustment method, it is characterised in that：Its design and calculation method step is as follows：
1) according to user to the demand of the mild water of each Water in Water Tank, structure size, the annular space wall of hot-air channel are set
The number of plies and more reservoirs exterior annular water tank structure size；
2) the center water tank of the more reservoirs of optimization design and the structure size in each annular water tank and heat accumulation room；
3) thickness for each annular space wall for determining more reservoirs is calculated：
4) constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more warm heat supplies are determined according to the structure size of temperature forecast curve and heat accumulation room exterior wall
The heat dissipation capacity of the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people；
5) the external wall structure size in the hot-air channel set, low temperature water tank, each annular space wall and heat accumulation room is examined
Feasibility and economy.
A kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat, more warm heat supply the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people implementation method, it include design and calculation method and
Combustion adjustment method, combustion adjustment method are included in line computation and determine that hot air flow crosses the outer side ring of hot-air channel and more reservoirs
The heat transfer process of shape tank outer wall, determined in line computation the low temperature period more reservoirs heat dissipation of the exterior annular water tank to environment
Process, it is characterised in that：Step is as follows：
1) the maximum caloric receptivity of the exterior annular water tank of high temperature period more reservoirs is determined in line computation using computer, and
Iteration determines the thickness of optimal hot-air channel and heat accumulation room exterior wall；
2) determine that hot air flow crosses the heat transfer process of hot-air channel and the exterior annular tank outer wall of more reservoirs in line computation；
3) determine the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs of low temperature period to the radiation processes of environment in line computation；
4) ambient air temperature teHigher than the water temperature period of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs：Air inlet and air outlet are opened,
The high-temperature hot-air of environment is pumped into air inlet by air blower, temperature higher than the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs hot wind along more
The outer surface of the exterior annular water tank of reservoir carries out it forced-convection heat transfer, meanwhile, it is by information gathering and control
The water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of the system more reservoirs of continuous monitoring and the pressure in the saturated vapor space of steady reservoir, and tie up automatically
Keep steady reservoir water it is permanent for saturation state, to ensure that entire Process of absorption or liberation of heat process is all the phase transformation that is carried out under optimum water temperature
Journey is discharged into environment after hot air heat exchange cooling through air outlet；
5) ambient air temperature teLess than the water temperature period of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs：Air inlet and air outlet are closed,
The water temperature for keeping the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs is constant corresponding to parameter of saturation, at this time the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs
Water temperature higher than environment temperature, still air layer and heat accumulation that the water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs passes through hot-air channel
The external wall in room is to function of environment heat emission, and at the same time, the vapor in steady reservoir will gradually condense into water with the progress of heat dissipation,
The latent heat of vaporization absorbed during vaporization is released, until ambient air temperature teIt is increased to the optimum water temperature equal to steady reservoir and stops pair
Function of environment heat emission；
6) according to constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, the average ring in some season in the dual-purpose thermal storage device location of the work people of more warm heat supplies
Border temperature, sets the water temperature of steady reservoir, has both maintained the heat transfer of the water temperature of steady reservoir and the difference ≮ between the two of ambient air temperature
The temperature difference to utilize high ambient temperature resource to greatest extent, and keeps the mean temperature in the steady reservoir Shui Wen≤season；Seasonal variations
Cause ambient air temperature teVariation when, entered by information gathering with control system by the second of the steady reservoir of set algorithm adjust automatically
Mouthful, with the saturated water parameter in the steady reservoir of adjust automatically, the water of steady reservoir is made to carry out heat absorption vapour under new parameter of saturation
Change the phase transition process with exothermic condensation.
A kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more warm heat supply the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people and its implementation the advantages of embody
：
More reservoir water temperatures of 1 thermal storage device are long-acting, the entire thermal storage device in heat accumulation room including heat preservation room body and insulated roof
Temperature is built as 10-20 DEG C of room temperature external environment, the saturated vapor of saturated water water containing space and inside on the outside of steady reservoir holds
Heat can be absorbed to environment on daytime between vapour, make the saturated water vaporization in the saturated water water containing space in outside, water vapour is by annular
Semi-permeable membrane stores heat between entering the saturated vapor appearance vapour of inside, and when distributing heat to environment at night, the saturated vapor of inside holds
Water vapour heat release liquefaction between vapour, therefore remain the temperature stabilization of steady reservoir, so that it is guaranteed that thermal storage device of the present invention is more
Reservoir temperature drop reaches minimum, achievees the purpose that long-acting.
2. the low damage of more reservoir water temperatures of thermal storage device, when day temperature is higher than steady reservoir temperature, the heat absorption of low temperature water tank
Process is forced convertion process, and when evening environment temperature is less than low temperature water tank temperature, the radiation processes of low temperature water tank are natures pair
Stream process if the selection such as the heat-transfer surface material of two processes, heat exchange area is proper, under similary time, the similary temperature difference, was absorbed heat
The caloric receptivity of journey can be much larger than heat dissipation, at this moment if properly increasing the temperature of low temperature water tank, the endothermic process time ratio on daytime
Exotherm Time shortens, and the high-temperature water tank on the same day can equally be made to add low temperature water tank daytime from environment to the heat dissipation capacity of low temperature water tank
The sum of caloric receptivity it is equal to the heat dissipation capacity of environment with evening, since low temperature water tank temperature raises, high-temperature water tank is to low temperature water tank
The temperature difference become smaller, heat dissipation capacity from inside to outside is with tailing off, and the temperature drop of water becomes smaller in high-temperature water tank, thus reaches long-acting, low
Damage the purpose of heat accumulation.With minimum heat dissipation capacity to function of environment heat emission.
3. warm more than, high, medium and low more warm water tanks meet system, user etc. for different heat accumulation water temperatures in thermal storage device
Demand；
4. it flexibly, can be flexibly combined the features such as temperature efficient, environmentally friendly, more due to thermal storage device with various energy resources, root
According to the type of heat user, and corresponding observing and controlling algorithm is drafted respectively.For distributed special type user, if you need to alliance electricity, air and heat
(cold), the comprehensive user of fertilizer can draft corresponding strategy and work out respective algorithms, as the case may be with most flexibly and fast
Adapt to the needs of multiparameter measurement and control.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is constant temperature accumulation of heat of the invention, the schematic front view of the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies；
Fig. 2 is the A-A schematic cross-sectional views of Fig. 1；
The partial enlargement that Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 regards schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 utilizes system to illustrate for the various energy resources of the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of constant temperature accumulation of heat, the more warm heat supplies of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 5 is weather forecasting curve figure；
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of embodiment 2；
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of embodiment 3.
1 high-temperature water tank in figure, reservoir in 2,3 low temperature water tanks, 4 steady reservoirs, 5 hot-air channels, 6 heat accumulation rooms, between 7 annulars
Next door, 8 flow fin, 9 air inlets, 10 samming devices, 11 insulating layers, 12 hot water inlets, 13 second entrances, 14 hot heating, 15 into
Mouthful, 16 saturated water water containing spaces, between 17 saturated vapors hold vapour, 18 air outlets, 19 pressure sensors, 20 temperature sensors, 21 water guides
Fin, 22 semi-permeable membranes, 23 export, 24 insulated rooves, 25 high-temperature water tanks, 26 babinets, reservoir in 27 times, 28 valves, 29 water
Pump, 30 flow sensors, 31 information gatherings and control system, temperature-heat-source more than 32, warm load more than 33,34 air velocity transducers, 35
Air blower, 36 vacuum pumps.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 5, embodiment 1, a kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present embodiment, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies, it
Including heat accumulation room 6, babinet 26, hot heating 14, annular space wall 7, the heat accumulation room 6 includes heat preservation room body and insulated roof 24,
The heat preservation room body in the heat accumulation room 6 sets opposed air inlet 9 and air outlet 18 respectively, and air inlet 9 connects with the sealing of air blower 35
It connects, insulated roof 24 and the heat preservation room body sealing in heat accumulation room 6 are connected；The babinet 26 is placed in heat accumulation room 6 and is connected, babinet 26
Along annular lacuna is formed between week and heat accumulation room 6 as hot-air channel 5, the hot heating 14 is placed in the ring as hot-air channel 5
Shape lacuna bottom is simultaneously connected, and the hot water inlet 12 of hot heating 14 and the thermal water source of more temperature-heat-sources 32 pass through flow sensor 30, water
Pump 29 and valve 28 are tightly connected, and eight stream fins 8 are respectively horizontally placed in the annular lacuna as hot-air channel 5, cover
It is connected on babinet 26 and is connected, air velocity transducer 34 and temperature sensor 20 are respectively placed in the annular chamber as hot-air channel 5
It is connected in gap and with babinet 26；Three annular space walls 7 are respectively placed in babinet 26 and are socketed successively from inside to outside simultaneously
It is connected respectively with babinet 26, center water tank and two annular water tanks is formed between three annular space walls 7, thus form more warm water
Case, the center water tank of more reservoirs and two annular water tanks are followed successively by high-temperature water tank 1, middle reservoir 2 and water at low temperature from inside to outside
Case 3, the hot water temperature of the interior storage of high-temperature water tank 1, middle reservoir 2 and low temperature water tank 3 reduce successively from inside to outside, center water tank
Insulating layer 11, internal set temperature sensor 20, each insulating layer are respectively set with the top and bottom of each annular water tank
11 thickness is identical or different, and the outlet 23 on 3 top of high-temperature water tank 1 or middle reservoir 2 or low temperature water tank is distinguished with thermic load 33
It passes sequentially through valve 28, water pump 29 and flow sensor 30 to be tightly connected, under high-temperature water tank 1 or middle reservoir 2 or low temperature water tank 3
Flow sensor 30, water pump 29 and valve 28 are respectively tightly connected between the import 15 in portion and more temperature-heat-sources 32 successively；It is located at
The steady reservoir 4 of annular is formed between outermost annular space wall 7 and babinet 26, the top and bottom of steady reservoir 4 are divided equally
Not She Zhi insulating layer 11, the first entrance on steady 4 top of reservoir is tightly connected with vacuum pump 36, the second entrance of lower part 13 with it is more
The exit seal connection at the saturation water source of temperature-heat-source 32, steady 4 built in pressure sensor 19 of reservoir and temperature sensor 20；Hot wind
The temperature sensor 20 built in air velocity transducer 34 and temperature sensor 20, more reservoirs built in passage 5, in steady reservoir 4
Pressure sensor 19, temperature sensor 20, air blower 35, vacuum pump 36, water pump 29, valve 28 and the flow sensor 30 put are equal
It is connected respectively with information gathering with 31 signal of control system.
The structure of the steady reservoir 4 is：Annular semi-permeable membrane 22, annular 22 bottom of semi-permeable membrane and case built in steady reservoir 4
Body 26 is connected, leaves gap between top and babinet 26, and steady reservoir 4 is divided into two annular spaces by annular semi-permeable membrane 22,
Exterior annular space is saturated water water containing space 16, interior annular space is that saturated vapor holds 17 between vapour, ten annular water guide wings
Piece 21 is respectively tilted to be placed in saturated vapor and hold 17, outside between vapour and is connected with annular semi-permeable membrane 22, pressure sensor 19 and temperature
Sensor 20 be respectively placed in steady reservoir 4 saturated vapor hold vapour between 17 and be connected, the first entrance on steady 4 top of reservoir with
The saturated water water containing space 16 of steady reservoir 4 is corresponded to, is tightly connected with vacuum pump 36, the second entrance 13 1 of steady 4 lower part of reservoir
Semi-permeable membrane 22 connects, the other end is connected with the exit seal at the saturation water source of more temperature-heat-sources 32 with annular at end.
Three samming devices 10 in each annular water tank of more reservoirs are respectively set and are connected, the samming device
Several flowing holes are set on 10, and samming device 10 is placed at the 1/4~1/2 of more reservoir height, to eliminate the heat of heat storage water tank
Lamination improves heat storage water tank capacity utilization.
The structure of each annular space wall 7 is identical, and material and thickness are identical or different, and concrete structure is：It
Including outer wall, inner wall and heat insulation layer, the outer wall and inner wall are annular, and the outer wall is socketed on inner wall, thermal insulation separation
Thermosphere is placed between outer wall and inner wall and is connected.
The present embodiment using the prior art manufacture, the air velocity transducer 34, temperature sensor 20, pressure sensor 19,
Valve 28, water pump 29, flow sensor 30, air blower 35 and information gathering and the commercially available production that control system 31 is the prior art
Product.
The implementation method of the present embodiment includes design and calculation method and combustion adjustment method, and design and calculation method step is such as
Under：
1) structure size of hot-air channel 5 and more reservoirs are set to the demand of the mild water of each Water in Water Tank according to user
Exterior annular water tank structure size, concurrently set the number of plies of annular space wall 7 as three layers, more reservoirs from inside to outside according to
Secondary is high-temperature water tank 1, middle reservoir 2 and low temperature water tank 3；
2) the structure ruler in the high-temperature water tank 1 of the more reservoirs of optimization design, middle reservoir 2 and low temperature water tank 3 and heat accumulation room 6
It is very little；
3) thickness for determining more each annular space walls 7 of reservoir is calculated：
4) the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of the present invention is determined according to the structure size of 6 exterior wall of temperature forecast curve and heat accumulation room
Heat dissipation capacity；
5) the exterior wall wall construction in the hot-air channel 5 set, low temperature water tank 3, each annular space wall 7 and heat accumulation room 6 is examined
The feasibility and economy of size.
The thickness algorithms of each annular space wall 7 of step 3) are as follows：
A) by formula (1) determine constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more temperature heat supplies the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people free convection heat transfer
Amount
qh,c=hh,c·A·(TH-Te) (1)
In formula：qh,c--- the external free convection heat transfer amount of the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
hh,c--- free convection heat transfer coefficient；
A --- the surface area of the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
TH--- the Kelvin of hot water in the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
Te--- the Kelvin of environment；
B) by formula (2) determine constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more temperature heat supplies the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people thermal exposure
In formula：qt,r--- the external thermal exposure of the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
--- absorptivity；
A --- the surface area of the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
σ --- Boltzmann constant；
TH--- the Kelvin of hot water in the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
Te--- the Kelvin of environment；
C) by formula (3) determine constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more temperature heat supplies the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people inside heat conduction heat flux
Amount
Φ=qh,c+qt,r (3)
In formula：Ф --- constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more warm heat supplies the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people inside heat conduction heat flux amount；
qh,c--- the external free convection heat transfer amount of the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
qt,r--- the external thermal exposure of the high-temperature water tank of adjacent water tank；
D) from thermal conduction study, the heat conduction heat flux amount such as formula (4) of multilayer water tank, the Temperature Distribution formula of multilayer water tank is such as
Formula (5),
In formula：Ф --- constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more warm heat supplies the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people inside heat conduction heat flux amount；
L --- constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, more warm heat supplies the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people longitudinal direction height；
t1、t2……tn--- the saturated water Celsius temperature in the 1st layer of multilayer water tank, 2 layers ... n-layer water tanks, the present embodiment
N=3；
r1、r2、r3... 7 radius ruler of annular space wall of the 1st layer, 2 layers, 3 layers ... n-layer water tank of rn --- multilayer water tank
It is very little, the present embodiment n=3；
λ1、λ2、λ3……λn--- the insulating layer thermal conductivity factor of the 1st layer, 2 layers, 3 layers ... n-layer of multi-layer cylinder wall, this reality
Apply a n=3；
E) thickness of annular space wall 7 is obtained by formula (6)
δn=rn-rn-1 (6)
In formula：δn--- the n-th septal wall thickness, the present embodiment n=3；
rn--- 7 radius size of annular space wall of multilayer water tank n-th layer water tank, the present embodiment n=3；
rn-1--- the radius size of the annular space wall 7 of (n-1)th layer of water tank of multilayer water tank, the present embodiment n=3.
The algorithm of step 4) heat accumulation room 6 to the heat dissipation capacity of environment is as follows：
A) exterior wall the wall surface temperature equilibrium equation such as (7) in heat accumulation room 6
In formula, tl--- the Celsius temperature of trapped air in the hot-air channel 5 in heat accumulation room 6；
The external wall total surface heat transfer coefficient in α --- heat accumulation room 6；
tw--- the exterior wall wall surface temperature in heat accumulation room 6；
te--- the Celsius temperature of environment；
δw--- the thickness of the external wall insulating layer in heat accumulation room 6；
λw--- the thermal conductivity factor of the external wall insulating layer in heat accumulation room 6；
If b) insulating layer outside wall surface is in free convection air, the external wall total surface in heat accumulation room 6 is determined by formula (8)
Heat transfer coefficient：
α=8.4+0.06 (tw-te) (8)
In formula, the external wall total surface heat transfer coefficient in α --- heat accumulation room 6；
tw--- the exterior wall wall surface temperature in heat accumulation room 6；
te--- the Celsius temperature of environment；
Formula (8) is brought into formula (7), formula (9) can be used to substitute after being unfolded and arranging
at2 w+btw+ c=0 (9)
In formula：
tw--- the exterior wall wall surface temperature in heat accumulation room 6；
C) formula (10) is obtained with quadratic equation with one unknown equation solution formula (9), so as to calculate the external wall in heat accumulation room 6
Surface temperature
In formula：tw--- the exterior wall wall surface temperature in heat accumulation room 6；
If d) insulating layer outside wall surface is in the air of forced convertion, the external wall table in heat accumulation room 6 is determined by formula (11)
The total heat transfer coefficient in face：
In formula：The external wall total surface heat transfer coefficient in α --- heat accumulation room 6；
The air speed value of w --- Forced Convection Air；
E) formula (11) is brought into formula (7) and obtained, the exterior wall wall surface temperature in heat accumulation room 6 is can obtain by above-mentioned steps
tw3Calculation formula (12)：
In formula, tl--- the Celsius temperature of trapped air in the hot-air channel 5 in heat accumulation room 6；
The external wall total surface heat transfer coefficient in α --- heat accumulation room 6；
tw--- the exterior wall wall surface temperature in heat accumulation room 6；
te--- the Celsius temperature of environment；
δw--- the thickness of the external wall insulating layer in heat accumulation room 6；
λw--- the thermal conductivity factor of the external wall insulating layer in heat accumulation room 6；
F) formula (13) calculates the heat dissipation capacity in heat accumulation room 6
Q=α Aw·(tw-te) (13)
In formula：Q --- heat accumulation room 6 is to the heat dissipation capacity of environment；
Aw--- the external wall surface area in heat accumulation room 6；
tw--- 6 exterior wall wall surface temperature of heat accumulation room；
te--- the Celsius temperature of environment；
The external wall total surface heat transfer coefficient in α --- heat accumulation room 6.
The implementation method of the present embodiment includes design and calculation method and combustion adjustment method, and combustion adjustment method is included in
Line computation determines that hot air flow crosses the heat transfer process, true in line computation of hot-air channel 5 and the exterior annular tank outer wall of more reservoirs
The exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs of low temperature period is determined to the radiation processes of environment, and step is as follows：
1) the maximum caloric receptivity of the exterior annular water tank of high temperature period more reservoirs is determined in line computation using computer, and
Iteration determines the thickness of 6 exterior wall of optimal hot-air channel 5 and heat accumulation room；
Calculating the maximum caloric receptivity method for the exterior annular water tank for determining high temperature period more reservoirs is：Ensuring mutually to border on the river
The high-temperature water tank of case is equal to the sum of caloric receptivity of low temperature water tank of the heat dissipation capacity of low temperature water tank and high temperature period adjacent water tank low
The low temperature water tank of warm period adjacent water tank is on the premise of the heat dissipation capacity of environment, the suction of the low temperature water tank of high temperature period adjacent water tank
Heat should make every effort to maximum, and the maximum of the low temperature water tank of adjacent water tank caloric receptivity is then by following two constraints：First, recept the caloric
Maximum should≤its all water all vaporizes the absorbed latent heat of vaporization；2nd, the steam that the maximum of caloric receptivity is evaporated
17 steam pressure rise must not exceed the limit of container material between the caused saturated vapor appearance vapour of volume increase.
2) determine that hot air flow crosses the heat exchange of hot-air channel 5 and the exterior annular tank outer wall of more reservoirs in line computation
Journey；
3) determine the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs of low temperature period to the radiation processes of environment in line computation；
4) ambient air temperature teHigher than the water temperature period of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs：Open air inlet 9 and air outlet
18, the high-temperature hot-air of environment is pumped into air inlet 9 by air blower 35, temperature is higher than the hot wind of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs
Forced-convection heat transfer is carried out to it along the outer surface of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs, meanwhile, by information gathering with
The water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of the more reservoirs of 31 continuous monitoring of control system and the pressure in the saturated vapor space of steady reservoir 4
Power, and maintain the water of steady reservoir 4 permanent for saturation state automatically, to ensure that entire Process of absorption or liberation of heat process is all under optimum water temperature
The phase transition process of progress is discharged into environment after hot air heat exchange cooling through air outlet 18；
5) ambient air temperature teLess than the water temperature period of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs：Close air inlet 9 and air outlet
18, the water temperature for keeping the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs is constant corresponding to parameter of saturation, at this time the exterior annular of more reservoirs
The water temperature of water tank is higher than environment temperature, the still air layer that the water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs passes through hot-air channel 5
External wall with heat accumulation room 6 is to function of environment heat emission, and at the same time, the vapor in steady reservoir 4 will be gradual with the progress of heat dissipation
Water is condensed into, releases the latent heat of vaporization absorbed during vaporization, until ambient air temperature teIt is increased to the optimal water equal to steady reservoir 4
Temperature and stop to function of environment heat emission；
6) according to constant temperature accumulation of heat of the present invention, the average ring in some season in the dual-purpose thermal storage device location of the work people of more warm heat supplies
Border temperature sets the water temperature of steady reservoir 4, has both maintained the biography of the water temperature of steady reservoir 4 and the difference ≮ between the two of ambient air temperature
The hot temperature difference to utilize high ambient temperature resource to greatest extent, and keeps the mean temperature in steady 4 Shui Wen of the reservoir≤season；Season
Variation causes ambient air temperature teVariation when, the steady reservoir 4 of set algorithm adjust automatically is pressed by information gathering and control system 31
Second entrance 13 and safety valve, with the saturated water parameter in the steady reservoir 4 of adjust automatically, make the water of steady reservoir 4 new
The phase transition process of heat absorption vaporization and exothermic condensation is carried out under parameter of saturation.
The process that the step 6) sets steady 4 water temperature of reservoir is：
A) the setting process of 4 water temperature of steady reservoir：
Work as daily mean temperature value according to temperature forecastSet the saturated water temperature t of steady reservoir 4s, 5 institute of hot-air channel
It plus heat transfer temperature difference Δ t is to heat wind-warm syndrome to need hot blast temperature, such as formula (14) and formula (15),
In formula：ts--- the saturated water Celsius temperature of steady reservoir 4；
--- temperature forecast works as daily mean temperature value；
th,w--- heating wind-warm syndrome；
Δ t --- to the heat transfer temperature difference of steady reservoir 4 heating；
B) process for adjusting steady 4 water temperature of reservoir is：
Reduce the water temperature of steady reservoir 4：The second entrance 13 of steady reservoir 4 is opened, temperature is less than steady 4 water temperature of reservoir
Cold water enter steady reservoir 4, reduce steady reservoir 4 water temperature reach requirement numerical value after, close second entrance 13；
Raise the water temperature of steady reservoir 4：Second entrance 13 through steady reservoir 4 is filled with temperature higher than steady 4 water temperature of reservoir
Hot water, after the water temperature of steady reservoir 4 reaches designated value, close second entrance 13.
Referring to Fig. 6, embodiment 2, the present embodiment is essentially identical with embodiment 1, the difference is that：The present embodiment uses
Four annular space walls 7 form center water tank and three annular water tanks between four annular space walls 7, thus form more
Reservoir, the center water tank of more reservoirs and three annular water tanks be followed successively by from inside to outside high-temperature water tank 1, secondary high-temperature water tank 25,
Middle reservoir 2 and low temperature water tank 3, the heat of the interior storage of high-temperature water tank 1, secondary high-temperature water tank 25, middle reservoir 2 and low temperature water tank 3
Coolant-temperature gage reduces successively from inside to outside, and the top and bottom of center water tank and each annular water tank respectively set insulating layer
11st, internal set temperature sensor 20, high-temperature water tank 1 or secondary high-temperature water tank 25 or middle reservoir 2 or 3 top of low temperature water tank go out
Mouth 23 passes sequentially through valve 28, water pump 29 and flow sensor 30 with thermic load 33 and is tightly connected respectively, high-temperature water tank 1 or secondary height
It is respectively tightly connected successively between reservoir 25 or middle reservoir 2 or the import 15 of 3 lower part of low temperature water tank and more temperature-heat-sources 32
Flow sensor 30, water pump 29 and valve 28.
Referring to Fig. 7, embodiment 3, the present embodiment is essentially identical with embodiment 1, the difference is that：The present embodiment uses
Five annular space walls 7 form center water tank and four annular water tanks between five annular space walls 7, thus form more
Reservoir, the center water tank of more reservoirs and four annular water tanks be followed successively by from inside to outside high-temperature water tank 1, secondary high-temperature water tank 25,
Middle reservoir 2, secondary middle reservoir 27 and low temperature water tank 3, high-temperature water tank 1, secondary high-temperature water tank 25, middle reservoir 2, secondary middle warm water
The hot water temperature of storage reduces successively from inside to outside in case 27 and low temperature water tank 3, the top of center water tank and each annular water tank
Portion and bottom respectively set insulating layer 11, internal set temperature sensor 20, high-temperature water tank 1 or secondary high-temperature water tank 25 or medium temperature
The outlet 23 on 3 top of water tank 2 or secondary middle reservoir 27 or low temperature water tank passes sequentially through valve 28, water pump 29 respectively with thermic load 33
It is tightly connected with flow sensor 30, high-temperature water tank 1 or secondary high-temperature water tank 25 or middle reservoir 2 or secondary middle reservoir 27 or low temperature
Flow sensor 30, water pump 29 and valve are respectively tightly connected between the import 15 of 3 lower part of water tank and more temperature-heat-sources 32 successively
28。
Constant temperature accumulation of heat that present embodiment provides, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies and its implementation are only
Three embodiments, not exhaustive, those skilled in the art still fall within this hair without the simple copy and improvement of creative work
Bright protective scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies, it is characterised in that：It is warm that it includes heat accumulation room, babinet, heat
Gas, annular space wall, the heat accumulation room include heat preservation room body and insulated roof, and the heat preservation room body in the heat accumulation room is set pair respectively
The air inlet and air outlet put, insulated roof and the heat preservation room body sealing in heat accumulation room are connected；The babinet is placed in heat accumulation room simultaneously
It is connected, along annular lacuna is formed between week and heat accumulation room as hot-air channel, the hot heating is placed in as hot-air channel babinet
Annular lacuna bottom and be connected, the thermal water source of the hot water inlet of hot heating and more temperature-heat-sources is tightly connected, several flow wing
Piece is respectively placed in the annular lacuna as hot-air channel, is socketed on babinet and is connected, air velocity transducer and temperature sensing
Device is respectively placed in the annular lacuna as hot-air channel and is connected；N number of annular space wall be respectively placed in babinet and by
It is interior that center water tank and N-1 annular water tank are formed between N number of annular space wall to being socketed and being connected respectively with babinet successively outside,
Thus form more reservoirs, in the center water tank of more reservoirs and N-1 annular water tank the hot water temperature of storage from inside to outside according to
The top and bottom of secondary reduction, center water tank and each annular water tank respectively set insulating layer, internal set temperature sensing
Device, the thickness of each insulating layer is identical or different, the outlet on center water tank and each annular water tank top respectively with thermic load
It is tightly connected, the import of lower part is respectively tightly connected with more temperature-heat-sources；Between annular space wall and babinet on the outermost side
Form the steady reservoir of annular, annular semi-permeable membrane built in the steady reservoir, annular semi-permeable membrane bottom is connected with babinet, top with
Gap is left between babinet, steady reservoir is divided into two annular spaces by annular semi-permeable membrane, and exterior annular space is saturated water
Between water containing space, interior annular space hold vapour for saturated vapor, several annular water guide fins, which are placed in saturated vapor, to be held between vapour, is outer
Side is connected with annular semi-permeable membrane, and pressure sensor and temperature sensor are respectively placed between the saturated vapor appearance vapour of steady reservoir simultaneously
It is connected, the first entrance of steady warm water upper box part is corresponding with the saturated water water containing space of steady reservoir, is tightly connected with vacuum pump, steady temperature
Second entrance one end of water tank lower part is connected with annular semi-permeable membrane, the exit seal of the other end and the saturation water source of more temperature-heat-sources connects
It connects, the top and bottom of steady reservoir respectively set insulating layer, and first entrance and the vacuum pump seal of steady warm water upper box part connect
Connect, the second entrance of lower part is connected with the exit seal at the saturation water source of more temperature-heat-sources, steady reservoir built in pressure sensor and
Temperature sensor；The temperature sensor built in air velocity transducer and temperature sensor, more reservoirs, steady temperature built in hot-air channel
Pressure sensor and temperature sensor, vacuum pump built in water tank are respectively connected with information gathering with control system signal.
2. a kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat as described in claim 1, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies, it is characterised in that：It is described
At least one samming device in each annular water tank of more reservoirs is respectively set and is connected, is set on the samming device several
A flowing hole, samming device are placed at the 1/4~1/2 of more reservoir height, to eliminate the thermal stratification of heat storage water tank, improve storage
Boiler capacity utilization.
3. a kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat as described in claim 1, the dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of more warm heat supplies, it is characterised in that：It is described
The structure of each annular space wall is identical, and material and thickness are identical or different, and concrete structure is：It includes outer wall, inner wall
And heat insulation layer, the outer wall and inner wall are annular, and the outer wall is socketed on inner wall, insulation be placed on outer wall and
Between inner wall and it is connected.
4. the implementation method of a kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat as described in claim 1, the mostly dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of temperature heat supply, it includes
Design and calculation method, it is characterised in that：Its design and calculation method step is as follows：
1) according to user to the demand of the mild water of each Water in Water Tank, structure size, the layer of annular space wall of hot-air channel are set
The structure size of the exterior annular water tank of number and more reservoirs；
2) the center water tank of the more reservoirs of optimization design and the structure size in each annular water tank and heat accumulation room；
3) thickness for determining more each annular space walls of reservoir is calculated：
4) the dual-purpose storage of the work people of constant temperature accumulation of heat, more warm heat supplies is determined according to the structure size of temperature forecast curve and heat accumulation room exterior wall
The heat dissipation capacity of hot device；
5) examine the hot-air channel of setting, low temperature water tank, each annular space wall and heat accumulation room external wall structure size can
Row and economy.
5. the implementation method of a kind of constant temperature accumulation of heat as described in claim 1, the mostly dual-purpose thermal storage device of the work people of temperature heat supply, it includes
Combustion adjustment method, combustion adjustment method are included in line computation and determine that hot air flow crosses the outer side ring of hot-air channel and more reservoirs
The heat transfer process of shape tank outer wall, determined in line computation the low temperature period more reservoirs heat dissipation of the exterior annular water tank to environment
Process, it is characterised in that：Step is as follows：
1) the maximum caloric receptivity of the exterior annular water tank of high temperature period more reservoirs, and iteration are determined in line computation using computer
Determine the thickness of optimal hot-air channel and heat accumulation room exterior wall；
2) determine that hot air flow crosses the heat transfer process of hot-air channel and the exterior annular tank outer wall of more reservoirs in line computation；
3) determine the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs of low temperature period to the radiation processes of environment in line computation；
4) ambient air temperature teHigher than the water temperature period of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs：Air inlet and air outlet are opened, by environment
High-temperature hot-air air inlet is pumped by air blower, temperature higher than the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs hot wind along more reservoirs
The outer surface of exterior annular water tank forced-convection heat transfer is carried out to it, meanwhile, it is continuous with control system by information gathering
The water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs and the pressure in the saturated vapor space of steady reservoir are monitored, and maintains steady temperature automatically
The water of water tank is permanent for saturation state, to ensure that entire Process of absorption or liberation of heat process is all the phase transition process that is carried out under optimum water temperature, hot wind
After heat exchange cooling environment is discharged into through air outlet；
5) ambient air temperature teLess than the water temperature period of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs：Air inlet and air outlet are closed, is kept more
The water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of reservoir is constant corresponding to parameter of saturation, at this time the water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs
Higher than environment temperature, the water temperature of the exterior annular water tank of more reservoirs is outer by the still air layer of hot-air channel and heat accumulation room
For wall to function of environment heat emission, at the same time, the vapor in steady reservoir will gradually condense into water with the progress of heat dissipation, release vapour
The latent heat of vaporization absorbed during change, until ambient air temperature teIt is increased to the optimum water temperature equal to steady reservoir and stops dissipating environment
Heat；
6) according to constant temperature accumulation of heat, the average environment temperature in some season in the dual-purpose thermal storage device location of the work people of more warm heat supplies, if
The water temperature of fixed steady reservoir had both maintained the heat transfer temperature difference of the water temperature of steady reservoir and the difference ≮ between the two of ambient air temperature, with most
Limits utilize high ambient temperature resource, and keep the mean temperature in the steady reservoir water temperature >=season；Seasonal variations cause environment
Temperature teVariation when, by information gathering and control system by the switch of the second entrance of the steady reservoir of set algorithm adjust automatically
And safety valve, with the saturated water parameter in the steady reservoir of adjust automatically, the water of steady reservoir is made to be carried out under new parameter of saturation
Heat absorption vaporization and the phase transition process of exothermic condensation.
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| CN107676995A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-02-09 | 广西吉宽太阳能设备有限公司 | A kind of classification storage tank of solar heating engineering |
| CN112728789B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-10-21 | 太原理工大学 | Phase-change heat storage and exchange integrated water tank |
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