CN105609060B - 背光单元、显示屏以及显示装置 - Google Patents

背光单元、显示屏以及显示装置 Download PDF

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CN105609060B
CN105609060B CN201610135960.8A CN201610135960A CN105609060B CN 105609060 B CN105609060 B CN 105609060B CN 201610135960 A CN201610135960 A CN 201610135960A CN 105609060 B CN105609060 B CN 105609060B
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light
unit
predeterminable area
guide plate
luminescence unit
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CN105609060A (zh
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丁渊
何永新
萧官诚
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Shanghai Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Shanghai Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/187,020 priority patent/US10192520B2/en
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种背光单元、显示屏以及显示装置,其中,背光单元包括光源,光源,光源包括至少三种发出不同颜色光线的发光单元;导光板,导光板包括入光侧,光源与入光侧相对设置,且导光板包括N个预设区域,光源所发出的光线在各预设区域内呈收敛式传播,N为正整数,且N≥1;背光控制单元,背光控制单元获取N个预设区域所对应的图像数据信号,将各预设区域对应的图像数据信号通过计算得出各预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息,并根据色度和亮度信息控制发光单元为各预设区域提供光线。本发明能够有效地降低显示屏背光单元的功耗,同时提升显示画面的对比度。

Description

背光单元、显示屏以及显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,特别是涉及一种背光单元、包含该背光单元的显示屏以及显示装置。
背景技术
在液晶显示装置等非自主发光的显示装置中,通常由背光单元为显示装置提供光线,在侧入光式背光单元中,一般采用发光二极管作为背光源,经过导光板的作用,改变入射光的方向,将侧面光源转换成朝向显示屏的光源,经由光学膜层透过显示屏,来实现显示器的图像显示功能。
背光单元中,一般多采用发白光的发光二极管,多颗发光二极管串联或者并联,并由相应的控制单元提供给各发光二极管稳定的电流,以使得各发光二极管保持稳定的亮度,维持各种图像的正常显示。
然而,因显示屏所显示图像之间的差异,显示屏对各种颜色的光线的需求随着时间的变化而变化,尤其是当显示屏进行单色画面显示时,与所显示图像颜色不相关的像素单元呈关闭状态,而此时,背光源仍为呈关闭状态的像素单元提供光线,从而造成了背光源能量的损失。因此,合理地分配背光源的能量,进一步降低背光源的功耗,是显示领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种背光单元、包含该背光单元的显示屏以及显示装置,用以降低显示屏背光单元的功耗,同时提升显示画面的对比度。
本发明实施例的一方面提供一种背光单元,包括:光源,光源包括至少三种发出不同颜色光线的发光单元;导光板,导光板包括入光侧,光源与入光侧相对设置,且导光板包括N个预设区域,光源所发出的光线在各预设区域内呈收敛式传播,N为正整数,且N≥1;背光控制单元,背光控制单元获取N个预设区域所对应的图像数据信号,将各预设区域对应的图像数据信号通过计算得出各预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息,并根据色度和亮度信息控制发光单元为各预设区域提供光线。
本发明实施例的另一方面提供一种显示屏,包括上述的背光单元。
本发明实施例的又一方面提供一种显示装置,包括上述的显示屏。
通过上述描述可知,本发明实施例提供的背光单元、显示屏以及显示装置,其中,背光单元的光源为至少三种发出不同颜色光线的发光单元,导光板分为N个预设区域,且在各预设区域内背光源所发出的光线呈收敛式传播;此外,背光单元还包括背光控制单元,背光控制单元根据预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息,得出控制进入预设区域的各种发光单元应发出光线亮度的脉宽调制(PWM,Pulse Width Modulation)信号,根据该PWM信号提供给各发光单元所需的电流,从而控制发光单元发出所需光线。因本发明根据图像数据信息对预设区域所需要的各种颜色光线的亮度进行计算,合理地分配背光源的能量,从而降低了背光单元的整体功耗,同时,提升了显示画面的对比度。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种背光单元的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种光源的示意图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的一种印刷电路板的结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种光线进入导光板的光路示意图;
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种导光板的示意图;
图6是本发明实施例提供的另一种导光板的示意图;
图7是本发明实施例提供的一种背光控制单元各模块的功能关系图;
图8是本发明实施例提供的一种显示屏的示意图;
图9是本发明实施例提供的一种子像素阵列的示意图;
图10是本发明实施例提供的另一种子像素阵列的示意图;
图11是本发明实施例提供的一种显示屏的控制单元的功能关系图;
图12是本发明实施例提供的一种显示装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂,下面将结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
需要说明的是,在以下描述中阐述了具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以多种不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广。因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施方式的限制。
参考图1,图1是本发明实施例提供的一种背光单元的结构示意图,其中,背光单元包括光源10,光源10包括至少三种发出不同颜色光线的发光单元110;导光板20,导光板20包括入光侧201,光源10与导光板20的入光侧201相对设置,且导光板20包括N个预设区域A1,A2,……,An,其中N为正整数,且N≥1;光源10所发出的光线在各预设区域内呈收敛式传播。背光单元还包括背光控制单元30,背光控制单元30获取预设区域A1,A2,……,An所对应的图像数据信息,将各预设区域对应的图像数据信息通过计算得出各预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息,并根据各预设区域的色度和亮度信息控制发光单元110为各预设区域提供光线。
需要说明的是,在本实施例中,光线在导光板的预设区域内呈收敛式传播,即光线进入导光板后,其传播方向基本保持为进入导光板时的传播方向,朝向其他方向的散射较小。光线在导光板内呈收敛式传播可通过改善导光板的材质,或者在导光板上设置微结构等方式实现,在此不作特殊限定。收敛式传播有利于减弱甚至消除各预设区域内光线的相互混合,有利于背光控制单元对各预设区域的单独控制,提供更加精确的画面显示;同时,收敛式传播有利于增大光线在导光板内的传播距离,降低背光单元的功耗。
通过上述描述可知,本实施例中,背光单元的光源包括至少三种发出不同颜色光线的发光单元,导光板分为N个预设区域,背光控制单元通过分析计算得出每一预设区域所对应图像的色度和亮度信息,并根据色度和亮度信息得出控制进入每一预设区域的各种发光单元所发出光线的PWM信号,根据该PWM信号控制发光单元发出所需光线,因PWM信号对各发光单元所需能量进行调制,使得背光源的能量能够合理分配,从而降低了背光单元的整体功耗,如当某一预设区域所对应的色度和亮度信息中,红色分量为X1%,绿色分量为X2%,蓝色分量为X3%时,可按照X1,X2,X3之间的比值确定分别提供给红色发光单元、绿色发光单元以及蓝色发光单元的电流值,从而可以避免不必要的能量损耗。尤其是当显示屏进行单色显示时,只需为提供所显示颜色的相应发光单元提供电流,而提供其他颜色的各发光单元可以关闭,从而大大地降低了背光单元的功耗。此外,光线在各预设区域内呈收敛式传播,使得背光源的能量进一步降低的同时,提升了显示画面的对比度。
可选的,参考图2,图2是本发明实施例提供的一种光源的示意图,其中,光源10包括发光单元110,发光单元110包括红色发光单元R、绿色发光单元G和蓝色发光单元B。导光板的预设区域A1,A2,……,An-1,An中,每一预设区域与数个发光单元相对,图2中所示的发光单元仅为示意性举例,每一预设区域所对应的发光单元的数量视具体情况而定,在此不作特殊限定。红色发光单元R、绿色发光单元G和蓝色发光单元B的排列方式可以有多种情形,如以图中所示的RGBRGBRGB……的方式进行排列,还可以RBGRBGRBG……,RRBGRRBGRRBG……等方式进行排列,各发光单元的排列方式视具体的情形而定,在此亦不作特殊限定。
继续参考图2,需要说明的是,本实施例中,对应于同一预设区域的发光单元中,具有同一颜色的发光单元之间彼此串联,即红色发光单元R相互串联,绿色发光单元G相互串联,以及蓝色发光单元B相互串联,而对应于不同预设区域的发光单元之间相互独立,从而可以避免不同预设区域之间相互干扰。
进一步地,如图2中所示,相邻两发光单元之间的间距L为0.01mm~4mm,研究人员通过多次试验得出当两发光单元之间的间距为0.01mm~4mm时,各预设区域所对应的发光单元所发出的光线进入相应的预设区域后,光线能够混合均匀,提供较佳的显示效果。当两发光单元之间间距大于4mm时,因发光单元之间的距离太大,且本实施例中,光线在导光板内呈收敛式传播,使得各发光单元所发出的光在预设区域内无法均匀混合,进而使得发光单元无法按照预设区域所对应图像的色度和亮度信息为预设区域提供所需光线。在本实施例中,进一步研究发现,当发光单元之间的间距为0.3mm~1.5mm时,各发光单元的光线能够在相应的预设区域内呈现最佳的混合状态,从而提供更佳的显示效果。
继续参考图2,在本实施例的一些可选的实施方式中,发光单元110可以为发光二极管芯片,即图中所示的R、G、B发光单元分别为红色发光二极管芯片、绿色发光二极管芯片以及蓝色发光二极管芯片,其中,可选的,各发光二极管芯片的尺寸为100um~300um,因发光二极管芯片的尺寸较小,导光板的一预设区域可对应多个发光二极管芯片,从而使得进入预设区域的光线分布均匀,提供更加精确的画面显示。
在本实施例的一些另外可选的实施方式中,发光单元110也可以为纳米线发光二极管单元,即图中所示的R、G、B发光单元分别为红色纳米线发光二极管单元、绿色纳米线发光二极管单元以及蓝色纳米线发光二极管单元,其中,可选的,纳米线发光二极管单元的尺寸为5um~30um,纳米线发光二极管单元为形成于基底上的尺寸为纳米级的发光二极管阵列,基底可以为硅片或者其他材料,在此不作特殊限定。形成于基底上后,纳米线发光二极管单元再被转印至光源处,作为发光单元。因纳米线发光二极管单元的尺寸极小,其作为发光单元可使导光板的一预设区域对应多个纳米线发光二极管单元,从而使得进入预设区域的光线分布均匀,提供更加精确的画面显示。
在本实施例的一些其他可选的实施方式中,发光单元110也可以为量子点发光二极管单元,即图中所示的R、G、B发光单元分别为红色量子点发光二极管单元、绿色量子点发光二极管单元以及蓝色量子点发光二极管单元,因量子点发光二极管单元的发光材料为纳米晶体,故而量子点发光二极管单元的尺寸可以为纳米级别,使得导光板的一预设区域可对应多个量子点发光二极管单元,从而使得进入预设区域的光线分布均匀,提供更加精确的画面显示。
进一步地,本实施例中,背光单元还包括印刷电路板,参考图3,图3是本发明实施例提供的一种印刷电路板的结构示意图,其中,发光单元110集成于印刷电路板40上,并通过封装材料120进行整体封装。封装材料为透明材料,可以为硅胶、硅酮胶以及环氧树脂等形成的透明胶层,本实施例对此不作特殊限定。取封装材料120的折射率为n1,导光板20的折射率为n2,则-5%≤(n1-n2)/n2≤5%,即封装材料120与导光板20的折射率相等或者近似相等,参考图4,图4是本发明实施例提供的一种光线进入导光板的光路示意图,其中,箭头所示为光线的传播方向,当封装材料120的折射率n1与导光板20的折射率n2相等或者近似相等时,根据折射率的计算公式,n1/n2=sinθ2/sinθ1,则θ1≈θ2,即光线由封装材料120进入导光板20后,其传播方向未发生明显变化,从而可使光线从发光单元射出,经过封装材料进入导光板时,在封装材料与导光板的入光表面之间的界面处的全内反射减小甚至消除,使得发光单元所发出的光线全部或者接近全部进入导光板,减少光线的损失。
参考图5,图5是本发明实施例提供的一种导光板的示意图,其中,导光板20包括第一入光侧201,以及与第一入光侧相对的第二侧面203,导光板的N个预设区域A1,A2,……,An-1,An由第一入光侧201延伸至第二侧面203,且发光单元所发出的光线由第一入光侧201进入N个预设区域A1,A2,……,An-1,An,图中箭头示意性地表示进入第一入光侧201的光线方向。
此外,导光板还可以具有第二入光侧面,参考图6,图6是本发明实施例提供的另一种导光板的示意图,其中,导光板20包括第一入光侧201,以及与第一入光侧201相对的第二入光侧202,N个预设区域包括第一预设区域211和第二预设区域212,由第一入光侧201延伸至导光板20内部的一组预设区域为第一预设区域211,由第二入光侧202延伸至导光板20内部的一组预设区域为第二预设区域212,第一预设区域211包括预设区域A1,A2,……,Am,第二预设区域212包括预设区域Am,……,An,其中,m为正整数,且1≤m≤N。发光单元所发出的光线由第一入光侧201进入各第一预设区域211,发光单元所发出的光线由第二入光侧202进入各第二预设区域212,图中箭头所示分别为进入第一入光侧201和第二入光侧202的光线的方向。特别地,如图6中所示,各第一预设区域211由第一入光侧201延伸至导光板20的中部,各第二预设区域212由第二入光侧202延伸至导光板20的中部,导光板的中部如图中虚线所示。上述结构使得与导光板第一入光侧相对的发光单元为第一预设区域提供光线,与导光板第二入光侧相对的发光单元为第二预设区域提供光线,各预设区域的光线分布均匀,避免了光线传播距离过长而产生光线损失的情况,提供较佳的显示效果。
进一步地,如图1所示,背光单元包括背光控制单元30,背光控制单元30包括图像信息接收模块,图像信息分析模块以及发光单元控制模块,上述各模块共同实现了背光控制单元对导光板N个预设区域的控制,各模块的功能以及相互之间的连接关系如图7中所示,图7是本发明实施例提供的一种背光控制单元各模块的功能关系图,其中,图像信息接收模块接收由显示屏中的相关集成电路传输给背光单元的各预设区域对应的图像数据信号,图像信号分析模块将各预设区域对应的图像数据信号通过计算得出各预设区域所对应图像的色度和亮度信息,色度和亮度信息为各预设区域对应图像的红色、绿色以及蓝色等各种颜色所占的分量以及各种颜色的亮度信息。获得各预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息后,发光单元控制模块根据色度和亮度信息得出控制进入各预设区域的各种发光单元所发出光线的PWM信号,并根据该PWM信号控制发光单元发出所需光线。如前面所述,当某一预设区域所对应图像的色度和亮度信息中,红色分量为X1%,绿色分量为X2%,蓝色分量为X3%时,可按照X1,X2,X3之间的比值得出控制红色发光单元、绿色发光单元以及蓝色发光单元所发出光线的PWM信号,根据该PWM信号提供给红色发光单元、绿色发光单元以及蓝色发光单元的不同的电流值,从而可以避免不必要的能量损耗。
本发明实施例的另一方面提供一种显示屏,包括上述任一实施方式中的背光单元。
参考图8,图8是本发明实施例提供的一种显示屏的示意图,其中,显示屏100包括上述任一实施方式中的背光单元。此外,显示屏100还包括子像素阵列,子像素阵列包括呈阵列分布的子像素,如图9所示,图9是本发明实施例提供的一种子像素阵列的示意图,其中,子像素101可以为红色子像素R1、绿色子像素G1和蓝色子像素B1三种子像素,上述三种子像素呈阵列交错重复排列。
此外,上述子像素阵列还可以包括白色子像素,如图10所示,图10是本发明实施例提供的另一种子像素阵列的示意图,其中,子像素101可以为红色子像素R1、绿色子像素G1、蓝色子像素B1以及白色子像素W四种子像素,上述四种子像素呈阵列交错重复排列。此时,参考图11,图11是本发明实施例提供的一种显示屏的控制单元的功能关系图,其中,当上述显示屏的子像素阵列中包含白色子像素时,显示屏中还包括白色算法控制单元,白色算法控制单元根据各预设区域对应的图像数据信号通过计算得出各预设区域对应的图像色度信息中的白色分量,并根据白色分量得出控制各发光单元所发出光线的PWM信号,进而控制各发光单元为各预设区域提供光线。
进一步地,如图11所示,上述包括R1、G1和B1三种子像素以及包括R1、G1、B1以及W四种子像素的显示屏中,还包括伽马调节单元,伽马调节单元调节显示屏显示图像的伽马曲线,消除图像的失真现象,提供精确的显示图像。
本发明实施例的又一方面提供一种显示装置,包括上述任一实施方式中的显示屏。
参考图12,图12是本发明实施例提供的一种显示装置的示意图,其中,显示装置200包括上述任一实施方式中描述的显示屏100。
通过上述描述可知,本发明实施例提供的背光单元、显示屏以及显示装置,其中,背光单元的光源为至少三种发出不同颜色光线的发光单元,如红色、绿色以及蓝色三种发光单元,发光单元可以为发光二极管芯片、纳米线发光二极管单元以及量子点发光二极管单元等具有微米级甚至纳米级的发光单元,使得导光板的每一预设区域可与多个发光单元相对,从而使得进入预设区域的光线分布均匀,提供更加精确的画面显示。同时,本发明实施例中,光线在导光板中呈现收敛式传播,避免了各预设区域之间的光线混合,同时提升了显示画面的对比度。此外,背光控制单元对各预设区域进行单独控制,分析计算出每一预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息,并根据色度和亮度信息得出控制进入每一预设区域的各种发光单元的PWM信号,根据该PWM信号控制发光单元发出所需光线,因PWM信号对各发光单元所需能量进行调制,使得背光源的能量能够合理分配,从而降低了背光单元的整体功耗,尤其是当显示屏进行单色显示时,只需为提供所显示颜色的相应发光单元提供电流,而提供其他颜色的各发光单元可以关闭,从而大大地降低了背光单元的功耗。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种背光单元,其特征在于,包括:
光源,所述光源包括至少三种发出不同颜色光线的发光单元,所述发光单元为纳米线发光二极管单元,所述纳米线发光二极管单元的尺寸为5um~30um,相邻两所述发光单元之间的间距为0.3mm~1.5mm;
导光板,所述导光板包括入光侧,所述光源与所述入光侧相对设置,且所述导光板包括N个预设区域,所述导光板上设置有微结构,用于使所述光源所发出的光线在各所述预设区域内呈收敛式传播,N为正整数,且N≥1,同一所述预设区域对应多个所述发光单元,对应于同一所述预设区域的具有同一颜色的所述发光单元之间彼此串联;
所述导光板包括第一入光侧,以及与所述第一入光侧相对的第二入光侧,所述N个预设区域包括第一预设区域和第二预设区域,所述第一预设区域由所述第一入光侧延伸至所述导光板内部,所述第二预设区域由所述第二入光侧延伸至所述导光板内部,且所述发光单元的光线由所述第一入光侧进入所述第一预设区域,所述发光单元的光线由所述第二入光侧进入所述第二预设区域;
背光控制单元,所述背光控制单元获取所述N个预设区域所对应的图像数据信号,将各所述预设区域对应的图像数据信号通过计算得出各所述预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息,并根据所述色度和亮度信息控制所述发光单元为各所述预设区域提供光线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的背光单元,其特征在于,所述发光单元包括红色发光单元、绿色发光单元和蓝色发光单元。
3.根据权利要求1所述的背光单元,其特征在于,所述背光单元还包括印刷电路板,所述发光单元集成于所述印刷电路板上,并通过封装材料进行整体封装。
4.根据权利要求3所述的背光单元,其特征在于,所述封装材料为透明材料,所述封装材料的折射率为n1,所述导光板的折射率为n2,且-5%≤(n1-n2)/n2≤5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的背光单元,其特征在于,所述背光控制单元包括:
图像信号接收模块,所述图像信号接收模块接收所述预设区域对应的图像数据信号;
图像信号分析模块,所述图像信号分析模块将所述预设区域对应的图像数据信号通过计算得出所述预设区域对应图像的色度和亮度信息;
发光单元控制模块,所述发光单元控制模块根据所述色度和亮度信息为所述发光单元提供信号,使所述发光单元为所述预设区域提供光线。
6.一种显示屏,其特征在于,所述显示屏包括权利要求1-5任意一项所述的背光单元,所述显示屏还包括子像素阵列,所述子像素阵列包括呈阵列分布的红色子像素、绿色子像素和蓝色子像素。
7.根据权利要求6所述的显示屏,其特征在于,所述子像素阵列还包括白色子像素。
8.根据权利要求7所述的显示屏,其特征在于,所述显示屏还包括白色算法控制单元,所述白色算法控制单元根据所述预设区域对应的图像数据信号通过计算得出所述预设区域对应的图像色度信息中的白色分量,并根据所述白色分量控制所述发光单元提供光线。
9.根据权利要求6或8所述的显示屏,其特征在于,所述显示屏还包括伽马调节单元,所述伽马调节单元调节所述显示屏显示图像的伽马曲线。
10.一种显示装置,其特征在于,所述显示装置包括权利要求6-9任意一项所述的显示屏。
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