CN105608244B - Distributed photovoltaic power generation system based on PSCAD/EMTDC - Google Patents
Distributed photovoltaic power generation system based on PSCAD/EMTDC Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to distributed photovoltaic power generation technical fields, more particularly to a kind of distributed photovoltaic power generation system based on PSCAD/EMTDC, the simplification of distributed generation system simulation model suitable for PSCAD/EMTDC, and large-scale distributed power station equivalence emulation is carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC.Including photovoltaic array module, photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter controllable voltage source module, the MPPT control module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, the control module of inverter controllable voltage source module, two-phase rotating coordinate system to three-phase static coordinate system conversion module, inverter side filter inductance and equivalent electric network model；Photovoltaic array module is connected by inverter side filter inductance with equivalent electric network model with photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter controllable voltage source module.Calculating data volume can be reduced, shortens simulation time, significantly improves calculating speed and efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distributed photovoltaic power generation technical field more particularly to a kind of distributions based on PSCAD/EMTDC
Photovoltaic generating system, the simplification of distributed generation system simulation model suitable for PSCAD/EMTDC, and in PSCAD/
Large-scale distributed power station equivalence emulation is carried out in EMTDC, improves the speed and efficiency of emulation.
Background technique
Currently, circuit is mainly by photovoltaic simulation, unsteady flow when building distributed photovoltaic power generation system in PSCAD/EMTDC
Device and grid main circuit part and control circuit part composition.The technical difficult points of this emulation concentrate on the control of current transformer
System, obtains current transformer pulse generating portion by various mathematical algorithms, wherein current transformer pulse generating portion is by modulation system
It is determined as PWM modulation mode or SVPWM modulation system.Regardless of can all make using which kind of mode, there are upper frequencies in model
Pulse signal calculate, in order to keep simulation waveform undistorted, the sampling step length of photovoltaic converter model is general in PSCAD/EMTDC
All several to more than ten microseconds.In each switch step-length in simulation process, program will generate a data iteration, cause
Each Simulation Engineering calculating data volume is huge, and simulation node quantity is restricted.Large-scale photovoltaic is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC
Power station power generation emulation is extremely difficult, and emulation can not carry out.
PSCAD is indicated: power system computation machine Computer Aided Design (Power Systems Computer Aided
Design).EMTDC is indicated: electro-magnetic transient (the Electromagnetic Transients including comprising direct current system
DC)。
Fig. 1 is to have three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected power system model main circuit structure figure.Including by photovoltaic array module, direct current
Busbar modules, three-phase voltage source type inverter (VSC) module, MPPT algorithm module, the control module of inverter module, inverter
SVPWM modulation module, filter module, three-phase voltage increasing transformer module, net side filter inductance, infinite bulk power grid.
The output power of single solar battery or component is smaller in model, by single solar battery or component in emulation
Meet the power generation needs of large capacity photovoltaic generating system by forming array in series and parallel.On the basis of single photovoltaic cell model
On, simplify equivalence and establishes photovoltaic array overall model.The parameter that model needs to input is intensity of illumination S, photovoltaic battery temperature T.
The continuous off-state voltage that photovoltaic array generates charges directly to DC capacitor, and photovoltaic cell only passes through level-one after issuing direct current
The inversion of DC/AC, be converted into power grid with frequency it is grid-connected with the alternating current of identical amplitude, wherein gird-connected inverter complete parallel network reverse
's.The present invention realizes MPPT control algolithm using conductance increment method, and photovoltaic array is defeated, and the calculating by MPPT control algolithm is direct
The voltage value of maximum power point is provided, directly using the output DC voltage of maximum power point as Inverter control module input quantity
V is instructed for DC bus-bar voltageref.Inverter control mould need to only give reactive power instructionOutput quantity is inverter module
Exchange the target voltage of side.Target voltage obtains the control wave of inverter module by inverter SVPWM modulation module.
Start pulse signal is directly fed to inverter.Cut-offfing for converter module modulates corresponding target voltage, to realize control
Target.
Summary of the invention
Place, the present invention provide a kind of distribution based on PSCAD/EMTDC in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art
Formula photovoltaic generating system simplifies structure, to the simplification of distributed photovoltaic power generation system simulation model under PSCAD/EMTDC environment
Structure.Purpose is to solve the problems, such as that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Artificial switch emulation NONLINEAR CALCULATION amount is huge in photovoltaic generating system.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Distributed photovoltaic power generation system based on PSCAD/EMTDC:
Including photovoltaic array module, photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter controllable voltage source module, photovoltaic array
The MPPT control module of controllable voltage source module, control module, the two-phase rotating coordinate system of inverter controllable voltage source module arrive
Three-phase static coordinate system conversion module, inverter side filter inductance and equivalent electric network model；
Wherein, photovoltaic array module is directly logical with photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter controllable voltage source module
Inverter side filter inductance is crossed to be connected with equivalent electric network model.
The MPPT control module of the photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and the control of inverter controllable voltage source module
Module section processed, the input signal of the MPPT control module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module are the output voltage of photovoltaic array
Signal VdcAnd current signal, it exports as the target voltage of photovoltaic array port, this target voltage is controllable as photovoltaic array
The control signal of voltage source module, Lai Shixian photovoltaic array track maximum power control target；Inverter side controllable voltage source mould
The input signal of the control module of block is d shaft current command signalWith q shaft current command signalOutput signal is two-phase seat
Target voltage under parameter exports after the transformation of coordinate system 3/2 as grid entry point target voltage, using this target voltage as inverse
Become the control signal of device side controllable voltage source module, realizes the grid-connected control target of inverter side.
The photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and the voltage of inverter controllable voltage source module output simulate original
Inverter module DC voltage with exchange at side ports generate modulation voltage；By photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module
The control module of control module and inverter side controllable voltage source module obtains former inverter module DC side and power grid side ports
Control signal of the target voltage as photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and inverter side controllable voltage source module.
The mathematical model of the photovoltaic array module: an ideal photovoltaic cell, in illumination-constant, photogenerated current
Do not change with the working condition of photovoltaic cell, therefore can be regarded as a constant-current source in equivalent circuit；By equivalent circuit
It can show that the output characteristics equation of photovoltaic cell is as follows:
IphTo give the short circuit current under light intensity；
I in formulascFor standard test condition Tref=25 DEG C, intensity of illumination Gref=1000W/m2Under short circuit current；Parameter
αTFor the curent change temperature coefficient under reference sunshine:
In formula: IrsFor the solar cell diodes reverse saturation current under rated temperature.Remaining parameter, q are electronics electricity
Lotus constant, usually 1.60e-19；K is Boltzmann's constant, usually 1.38e-23；N is diode impact factor, EgFor photovoltaic electric
Bandwidth；
Photovoltaic array module is made of in series and parallel multiple photovoltaic modulies, so that the voltage and current of system is improved, with
This increases the power of system transmission；By NcA component series connection, NbThe output electric current of the photovoltaic array module of a modules in parallel composition can
Description are as follows:
P=VI (5)；
The output electric current I and output power P of photovoltaic array module becomes with the variation of photovoltaic array module output voltage V
Change；
Photovoltaic maximum power Tracing Control (MPPT).
The control method of the photovoltaic maximum power Tracing Control (MPPT) is conductance increment method, specific as follows:
Sampled I (t) and V (t) are respectively photovoltaic array module t moment sampled point, ask to obtain photovoltaic by conductance increment method
Array module output voltage reference value Vref；
When intensity of illumination changes, photovoltaic array output voltage can track its variation in a manner of stable, and mesh exists
The oscillation amplitude and power loss of maximum power point are also less；In the control flow of conductance increment method, wherein I (t) and V (t) points
Not Wei photovoltaic array module t moment sampled point output electric current and voltage, I (t-1) and V (t-1) are respectively photovoltaic array module
The output voltage and electric current of t-l instance sample point；Δ V, Δ I are the Current Voltage differences at t moment and t-l moment；Here first
Judge whether Δ V, Δ I are 0, if 0, then at maximum power point, tracking terminates for photovoltaic module work；If not simultaneously being 0,
Adjustment voltage is first passed through, Δ V 0 is made, Δ I is further adjusted, makes Δ I 0；By DC voltage closed-loop control, make photovoltaic electric
The output voltage in pond is close to maximum power point always；In the judgment process, the minimum value for giving a permission, when Δ V is most
It can stop disturbing within small range；The step of passing through narration establishes the anti-true mode of MPPT controller in PSCAD.
The mathematical model of the inverter controllable voltage source module is:
In formula, eqAnd edRespectively d, q axis component of network voltage, iqAnd idRespectively it is input to former inverter module electricity
D, q axis component of stream, SqAnd SdThe respectively d of switch function, q axis component；vqAnd vdRespectively former inverter module exchange side is defeated
Q, d axis component of voltage out；LfFor former inverter module filter inductance value, CfFor former inverter module direct current capacitance, iLFor electricity
The dynamic current of sense；RfFor former inverter module equivalent resistance, ωsFor mains frequency；vdcFor former inverter module DC side
Voltage.
The oriented approach of the mathematical model of the inverter controllable voltage source module is network voltage vector oriented:
For simplified control algorithm, the d axis of synchronous speed coordinate system is oriented on network voltage vector U&, in this way, power grid is electric
The relationship that the d of pressure, q component meet:
eq=0 (7)；
The d shaft current of the control module of inverter controllable voltage source module instructsIt can be directly defeated by photovoltaic array module
Power equation is found out out；
Similarly vdcFor photovoltaic equivalent voltage source module voltage, IpvFor photovoltaic array module output current value, edFor power grid electricity
The d axis component of pressure；
The q shaft current of the control module of inverter controllable voltage source module instructsIt can be found out by formula；
Similarly vdcFor photovoltaic equivalent voltage source module voltage, IpvFor photovoltaic array module output current value, edFor power grid electricity
The d axis component of pressure；It is calculated in formula, realizes powerfactorcosφ operation；
The target voltage v of inverter module is obtained after controlqAnd vd, the target voltage under this dq coordinate is done instead
Park Transformation obtains the command voltage under three-phase abc coordinate, the voltage as the controllable voltage source module for replacing inverter module
Instruction, to complete voltage source control.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
The present invention uses on-off of the simplified model due to taking no account of power electronic devices in inverter, and electric power is omitted
The nonlinear simulation of electronic switch process, reduces calculating data volume, shortens simulation time.The simplified model is guaranteeing enough
Computational accuracy under, can be improved calculating speed, emulation one includes the large-scale distributed photovoltaic power generation field of numerous converter modules
When, simulation efficiency raising becomes apparent.
Protrusion effect of the invention can not only embody the distributed power generation and control function for completing master mould, and improve mould
Type improves simulation efficiency, substantially reduces the simulation calculating time, saves EMS memory occupation, for large-scale distributed module access electricity
The emulation of net provides effective emulation mode.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described in detail.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to have three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected power system model main circuit structure figure；
Fig. 2 is simplification photovoltaic power generation system model structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit of photovoltaic module battery of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the control flow chart of conductance increment method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is a kind of distributed photovoltaic power generation system based on PSCAD/EMTDC.
Present invention firstly provides will affect the inverter module equivalent-simplification of calculating speed into controllable voltage source module
Wiring construction.Inverter module in model is omitted according to the control principle of inverter module, directly uses controllable voltage source module
Instead of to simulate the port voltage of inverter module output.In this way, the inverter module for needing largely to calculate originally in model is just
It is replaced by the small controllable voltage source module of calculation amount.It is connected with contravarianter voltage source module with power grid, does not influence the control of model
Principle and external behavior are realized under PSCAD/EMTDC environment for emulation large-scale photovoltaic electricity generation system and provide possibility.Under
Face is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing.
Fig. 2 is simplified model main circuit structure figure of the invention.
It is controllable including photovoltaic array module, photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter in simplified model of the invention
Voltage source module, the MPPT control module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter controllable voltage source module control mould
Block, two-phase rotating coordinate system to three-phase static coordinate system conversion module, inverter side filter inductance, equivalent electric network model.
Directly with photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter side controllable voltage source module passes through inverse photovoltaic array module
Become device side filter inductance to be connected with equivalent electric network model.
The MPPT control module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and the control module of inverter controllable voltage source module
Part, the input signal of the MPPT control module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module are the output voltage signal V of photovoltaic arraydc
And current signal, it exports as the target voltage of photovoltaic array port, using this target voltage as photovoltaic array controllable voltage source
The control signal of module, Lai Shixian photovoltaic array track maximum power control target.The control of inverter side controllable voltage source module
The input signal of molding block is d shaft current command signalWith q shaft current command signalOutput signal is under two-phase reference axis
Target voltage exports after the transformation of coordinate system 3/2 as grid entry point target voltage, using this target voltage as inverter side
The control signal of controllable voltage source module realizes the grid-connected control target of inverter side.
Inverter mould is omitted in simplified model of the present invention under PSCAD/EMTDC environment in distributed photovoltaic power generation system
Block, while also eliminating inverter DC voltage-stabilizing capacitor and SVPWM modulation module.Entire inverter module DC side with exchange side
It is replaced respectively with photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and inverter controllable voltage source module, with photovoltaic array controllable voltage source mould
The voltage that block and inverter controllable voltage source module export simulate former inverter module DC voltage with exchange at side ports
The modulation voltage of generation.By the control module and inverter side controllable voltage source module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module
Control module obtains the target voltage of former inverter module DC side and power grid side ports as photovoltaic array controllable voltage source mould
The control signal of block and inverter side controllable voltage source module.It can be seen that this by the comparison of explanatory note and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
The inverter module of the power electronic devices composition in orthoform true mode is replaced in the simulation model of invention, is being emulated in this way
In just eliminate the delicate grade nonlinear switching state of power electronics numerical value calculate, reduce emulation computer hardware is wanted
It asks, reduces simulation time, make it possible that large scale emulation photovoltaic generating system generates electricity.
The realization of control is mainly by control DC side voltage of converter to influence the electric current on route to realize control
Target processed.And the present invention then omits inverter module in model according to the principle, directly with photovoltaic array controllable voltage in Fig. 2
Source module and inverter controllable voltage source module replace, to simulate inverter module DC side port voltage and inverter device module
Exchange the port voltage of side output.Specific alternative is described below.
The mathematical model of photovoltaic array module:
It is illustrated in figure 3 the equivalent circuit of photovoltaic cell.One ideal photovoltaic cell, in illumination-constant, photoproduction electricity
Stream does not change with the working condition of photovoltaic cell, therefore can be regarded as a constant-current source in equivalent circuit.By equivalent electricity
Road can show that the output characteristics equation of photovoltaic cell is as follows:
IphTo give the short circuit current under light intensity.
I in formulascFor standard test condition Tref=25 DEG C, intensity of illumination Gref=1000W/m2Under short circuit current.Parameter
αTFor the curent change temperature coefficient under reference sunshine
In formula: IrsFor the solar cell diodes reverse saturation current under rated temperature.Remaining parameter, q are electronics electricity
Lotus constant, usually 1.60e-19.K is Boltzmann's constant, usually 1.38e-23.N is diode impact factor, EgFor photovoltaic electric
Bandwidth,
Photovoltaic array module is made of in series and parallel multiple photovoltaic modulies, so that the voltage and current of system is improved, with
This increases the power of system transmission.By NcA component series connection, NbThe output electric current of the photovoltaic array module of a modules in parallel composition can
Description are as follows:
P=VI (5)；
The output electric current I and output power P of photovoltaic array module becomes with the variation of photovoltaic array module output voltage V
Change.
Photovoltaic maximum power Tracing Control (MPPT).
Photovoltaic maximum power Tracing Control (MPPT) control method is that conductance increment method is in the present invention:
Sampled I (t) and V (t) are respectively photovoltaic array module t moment sampled point, ask to obtain photovoltaic by conductance increment method
Array module output voltage reference value Vref。
When intensity of illumination changes, photovoltaic array output voltage can track its variation in a manner of stable, and mesh exists
The oscillation amplitude and power loss of maximum power point are also less.The control flow of conductance increment method is as shown in Figure 4.
Wherein I (t) and V (t) is respectively the output electric current and voltage of photovoltaic array module t moment sampled point, I (t-1) and V
(t-1) be respectively photovoltaic array module t-l instance sample point output voltage and electric current.Δ V, Δ I are t moment and t-l moment
Current Voltage difference.Here first determine whether Δ V, Δ I are 0, if 0, then photovoltaic module works at maximum power point,
Tracking terminates.If not simultaneously being 0, adjustment voltage is first passed through, Δ V 0 is made, further adjusted Δ I, make Δ I 0.By straight
Voltage close loop control is flowed, keeps the output voltage of photovoltaic cell close to maximum power point always.In the judgment process, one is given
The minimum value of permission, when Δ V can stop disturbing within minimum zone.The step of passing through narration is established in PSCAD
MPPT controller simulation model.
The mathematical model of inverter controllable voltage source module is:
In formula, eqAnd edRespectively d, q axis component of network voltage, iqAnd idRespectively it is input to former inverter module electricity
D, q axis component of stream, SqAnd SdThe respectively d of switch function, q axis component.vqAnd vdRespectively former inverter module exchange side is defeated
Q, d axis component of voltage out.LfFor former inverter module filter inductance value, CfFor former inverter module direct current capacitance, iLFor electricity
The dynamic current of sense.RfFor former inverter module equivalent resistance, ωsFor mains frequency.vdcFor former inverter module DC side
Voltage.
Figure it is seen that DC voltage-stabilizing capacitive module section is omitted in the model compared with master mould, oriented approach is
Network voltage vector oriented.I.e. the oriented approach of the mathematical model of the inverter controllable voltage source module is network voltage arrow
Amount orientation:
For simplified control algorithm, the d axis of synchronous speed coordinate system can be oriented on network voltage vector U&, in this way, power grid
The relationship that the d of voltage, q component meet:
eq=0 (7)；
The d shaft current of the control module of inverter controllable voltage source module instructsIt can be directly defeated by photovoltaic array module
Power equation is found out out.
Similarly vdcFor photovoltaic equivalent voltage source module voltage, IpvFor photovoltaic array module output current value, edFor power grid electricity
The d axis component of pressure.
The q shaft current of the control module of inverter controllable voltage source module instructsIt can be found out by formula:
Similarly vdcFor photovoltaic equivalent voltage source module voltage, IpvFor photovoltaic array module output current value, edFor power grid electricity
The d axis component of pressure.It is calculated in formula, realizes powerfactorcosφ operation.
The target voltage v of inverter module is obtained after controlqAnd vd, in the present invention by the mesh under this dq coordinate
Mark voltage does anti-Park Transformation and obtains the command voltage under three-phase abc coordinate, as the controllable voltage source for replacing inverter module
The voltage instruction of module, to complete voltage source control.
Protrusion effect of the invention can not only embody the distributed power generation and control function for completing master mould, and improve mould
Type improves simulation efficiency, substantially reduces the simulation calculating time, saves EMS memory occupation, for large-scale distributed module access electricity
The emulation of net provides effective emulation mode.
Claims (2)
1. the distributed photovoltaic power generation system based on PSCAD/EMTDC, it is characterized in that: including photovoltaic array module, photovoltaic array
The MPPT control module, inverse of controllable voltage source module, inverter side controllable voltage source module, photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module
Become control module, the two-phase rotating coordinate system to three-phase static coordinate system conversion module, inverter of device side controllable voltage source module
Side filter inductance and equivalent electric network model；
Wherein, photovoltaic array module directly passes through with photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module, inverter side controllable voltage source module
Inverter side filter inductance is connected with equivalent electric network model；
The MPPT control module of the photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and the control of inverter side controllable voltage source module
Module section, the input signal of the MPPT control module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module are that the output voltage of photovoltaic array is believed
Number VdcAnd current signal, it exports as the target voltage of photovoltaic array port, using this target voltage as photovoltaic array controllable electric
The control signal of potential source module, Lai Shixian photovoltaic array track maximum power control target；Inverter side controllable voltage source module
Control module input signal be d shaft current command signalWith q shaft current command signalOutput signal is two phase coordinates
Target voltage under axis exports after the transformation of coordinate system 3/2 as grid entry point target voltage, using this target voltage as inversion
The control signal of device side controllable voltage source module realizes the grid-connected control target of inverter side；
The photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and the voltage of inverter side controllable voltage source module output are former inverse to simulate
Become device module DC voltage and exchanges at side ports the modulation voltage of generation；
By the MPPT control module of photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and the control mould of inverter side controllable voltage source module
Block obtains the target voltages of former inverter module DC side and power grid side ports as photovoltaic array controllable voltage source module and inverse
Become the control signal of device side controllable voltage source module.
2. the distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1 based on PSCAD/EMTDC, it is characterized in that: described
The mathematical model of inverter side controllable voltage source module is:
In formula, eqAnd edRespectively q, d axis component of network voltage, iqAnd idRespectively be input to former inverter module electric current q,
D axis component, SqAnd SdRespectively q, d axis component of switch function；vqAnd vdRespectively former inverter module exchanges side output voltage
Q, d axis component；LfFor former inverter module filter inductance value, CfFor former inverter module direct current capacitance, iLFor the dynamic of inductance
State electric current；RfFor former inverter module equivalent resistance, ωsFor mains frequency；vdcFor former inverter module DC voltage.
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| CN109301862B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2022-09-02 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Simulation method and device of distributed inverter simulation system |
| CN110703835B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-12-22 | 深圳市航天新源科技有限公司 | I-V outer loop control method applied to solar cell array simulator |
| CN111181238B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-12-28 | 航天行云科技有限公司 | DET power supply system of satellite |
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