CN105605922B - A kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system - Google Patents

A kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105605922B
CN105605922B CN201610060906.1A CN201610060906A CN105605922B CN 105605922 B CN105605922 B CN 105605922B CN 201610060906 A CN201610060906 A CN 201610060906A CN 105605922 B CN105605922 B CN 105605922B
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reactor
temperature
gas
unit
elevation system
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CN105605922A (en
Inventor
向军
唐浩
周敬
苏胜
胡松
汪一
刘威
陈元静
江龙
徐俊
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/02Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system, it includes reaction unit, inlet duct, to powder device and flue gas analysis device, reaction unit is tightly connected with high-temperature plasma generator, inlet duct conveys gas into high-temperature plasma generator, the high-temperature plasma that high-temperature plasma generator is produced is out of reaction unit bottom feeding reactor, material particles are radially injected by stainless-steel pipe by carrier gas, and record material combustion process with high-speed camera and CCD camera, reactor temperature is characterized with thermocouple, flue gas analysis device is used to collecting and detecting the material and gas phase portion after burning.Present invention plasma is used as high temperature heat source, it disclosure satisfy that material ultrahigh speed heat temperature raising, the requirement that is rapidly heated of the industries such as coal, electric power, chemical industry and metallurgy is reached, while meeting the requirement that is rapidly heated in scientific research process, is had the advantages that simple in construction, easily operated.

Description

A kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system
Technical field
The invention belongs to the industries such as the energy, agricultural, chemical industry, Ferrous Metallurgy, Aero-Space, environmental protection, experimental science research The quick heating system field of material, more particularly, to a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system.
Background technology
Conventional solid fuel mainly includes biomass, coal dust and solid waste, the burning especially coal dust of solid The most common way burnt as using energy source, receives the extensive concern of people.The Actual combustion process of coal dust in the boiler Main heat transfer mode is radiation and heat convection, and its heating rate reaches 10000K/S, and coal dust firing is simulated by experimental provision, With the combustion characteristics of studying coal powder, there is important directive function to the combustion reaction and pollutant formation mechanism for disclosing flame, It can be provided fundamental basis for proposition New combustion technique.
The experimental combustion device on solid fuel gives the following scheme in the prior art:
Patent CN101038276B discloses a kind of coal powder performance detection method and its device, and it uses constant heating Mode, coal dust is fixed in burner hearth, passes through CO2Appearing and subsiding judges burning initial temperature and burning finishing temperature, uses CO2 The change of content judges the coal dust tail-off time, realizes the firing point of coal dust and the measure of combustion process.But the unit simulation The rate of heat addition it is too low be not inconsistent with actual boiler heating speed 10000K/S, 300-1200 DEG C of fire box temperature used is also more real The fire box temperature 2000K on border is low;On the other hand CO is used2Gas is also inaccurate as combustion index.
Patent CN104880448A discloses a kind of pulverized coal flame combustion diagnosis experimental rig, and the device utilizes advection flame The flue gas environment similar to boiler is generated, and the fluorescence signal of coal dust is detected with PLIF, so as to judge catching fire for coal dust.But There is problems with the device:1) high-temperature flue gas is produced using advection flame, the concentration of its smoke carbon dioxide is larger, with reality Flue gas is not inconsistent, and its flue-gas temperature should be controlled to consider to control its smoke components again, and operation difficulty is larger;2) device is used PLIF carries out optical measurement to coal dust, the local firing characteristic of coal dust is only able to detect, for the firing temperature of coal dust, dynamo exploder Reason (burning of homogeneous or out-phase), the combustion characteristics such as burning time can not be detected;3) device uses penetrating combustion chamber, but And unused any attemperator, it is unfavorable for the after-flame of coal dust.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system, It is used as high temperature heat source with plasma, it is adaptable to the quick heating in the field such as the energy, chemical industry, steel, metallurgy, is also applied for thing The quick heating scientific research of material, such as quick heating solid fuel gasification combustion field, be particularly suitable for use in detecting not on an equal basis from The experimental study of sub- gas atmosphere, differential responses temperature and the material combustion characteristics under different heating rates.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system, and the system includes reaction and filled Put, inlet duct, to powder device and flue gas analysis device, wherein:
The reaction unit includes reactor, thermocouple, image unit, plasma generator and rectifier, the reaction Device loads in holding furnace, and its side is provided with watch window, and the holding furnace includes heating element heater, fixed guarantor successively from the inside to the outside Warm layer and detachable heat-insulation layer;The thermocouple is inserted from the top of reactor;The image unit is located at the observation window Mouthful at and reactor top;The plasma generator is tightly connected with reactor, in the rectifier insertion reaction device;
The inlet duct includes mixed gas unit and multiple air supply units, and each air supply unit is supplied to the mixed gas unit A kind of gas, and pass through flowmeter adjusting gas flow;The mixed gas unit is mixed to form gaseous mixture to multiple gases Body, provided with the electrical heating elements heated to mixed gas in it, its by the pipeline added with electrical heating heating tape with it is described Plasma generator is connected;
Described to include funnel, powder feeding equipment and stainless-steel pipe to powder device, the powder feeding equipment supplies material, thing into funnel Material is delivered in stainless-steel pipe under carrier gas carrying, and the stainless-steel pipe is tightly connected with reactor;
The flue gas analysis device is connected with the top of the reactor, its be used to collect and analyze burning after material and Flue gas composition.
As it is further preferred that the image unit includes high-speed camera and CCD camera, wherein the high-speed camera Machine is at watch window, and the CCD camera is located at the top of reactor, to realize the sight of material ignition phase and after-flame stage Examine.
As it is further preferred that the high-temperature plasma gas atmosphere that the plasma generator is produced is H2O、N2、 CO2、O2、H2With the one or more in Ar, the flow velocity of the high-temperature plasma is 1m/s-300m/s, and temperature is 300K- 5000K。
As it is further preferred that the reactor is made of thermostable transparent material, it is cylinder or polyhedron, It is tightly connected with the plasma generator by the way of refractory seals packing ring is embedded.
As it is further preferred that being cased with water cold sleeve outside the stainless-steel pipe, its a diameter of D/20-D/4 stretches into institute The length for stating reactor is D/10-2D/3, wherein, D is the internal diameter of reactor.
As it is further preferred that the carrier gas for carrying material enters in funnel through flowmeter.
As it is further preferred that the heating-up temperature of the heating element heater is 100K-2000K, itself and fixed heat-insulation layer Length be L/10-L/2, L be holding furnace total length.
As it is further preferred that the flue gas analysis device includes air-introduced machine, dust collection unit, the powder being sequentially connected Dirt filter element and tail gas treating unit, the dust-filtering unit are also connected with flue gas analyzer.
As it is further preferred that the high-speed camera, CCD camera and flue gas analyzer pass through data wire and calculating Machine is connected, to realize data transfer and processing.
As it is further preferred that the heating rate adjustable range of the temperature elevation system is 100K/s-100000K/s.
In general, possess following compared with prior art, mainly by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention Technological merit:
1. in the present invention, with ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system of the plasma as high temperature heat source, reactor high temperature gas temperature Spend adjustable range wide, and regulation is easy, can ensure that gas concentration is constant while temperature is adjusted;Reactor high temperature gas can be adopted With variety classes and the gas of different proportion, the high-temperature plasma gas ratio that plasma generator is produced is flexibly adjustable, Being capable of oxygen-enriched characteristic atmosphere, coal gasification atmosphere or the coal liquifaction atmosphere such as simulated air atmosphere, O2/CO2 and O2/H2O, high temperature etc. Ion rate of flow of fluid is up to 1m/s-300m/s, and temperature is up to 300K-5000K, and material heating rate adjustable extent is 100K/s- 100000K/s。
2. in the present invention, reactor (remove observation window) outside plus detachable heat-insulation layer, fixed heat-insulation layer and Heating element heater, can effectively ensure that plasma gas keeps the heat-insulation layer outside high temperature, reactor to use detachable in reactor, can Arbitrarily adjust the position of watch window;Plasma generator is connected with reactor with high-temperature resistant seal ring embedded sealed, connection Place uses water cooling, is completely embedded;After make it that high-temperature plasma is passed through using ceramic rectifier, uniform high temperature gas flow can be produced;
3. in the present invention, by setting high-speed camera and CCD camera to realize material ignition phase and after-flame stage Observation, reactor combination high-speed camera, CCD camera and insertion-type thermocouple can effectively measure flame profile, flame temperature And gaseous component, plasma burner and the coupling of optical diagnostics device, burning of the material under plasma atmosphere can be studied Characteristic and pollutant emission characteristic;Reactor outlet is connected with flue gas analysis device, passes through dust collection unit and flue gas analysis Instrument can effectively measure gaseous component (CO, CO after material burning2、CH4、SO2、NOX, NO etc.), so as to obtain the burn-off rate of material With the formation characteristic of pollutant.
4. in the present invention, material injects funnel by injecting type powder feeding equipment, carrying material through carrier gas passes through stainless-steel pipe Into reactor, wherein flow rate of carrier gas and powder-feeding amount is separately controlled, and stainless-steel pipe variable, the variable length that gos deep into reactor length Degree scope is D/10-2D/3, to ensure that material particles are moved along reactor center as far as possible;In general, liter of the invention Warm system has a wide range of application, and is applicable not only to the fast of the energy, chemical industry, steel, agricultural, Aero-Space, environmental protection and metallurgical class field Speed heating, is also applied for material and quickly heats scientific research, disclosure satisfy that the super of the fuel such as biomass, coal dust and solid waste High-speed heating is heated.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of inlet duct in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation to powder device in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of reaction unit in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of flue gas analysis device in the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below Not constituting conflict each other can just be mutually combined.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the system mainly includes reaction Device C, inlet duct A, give powder device B and flue gas analysis device D tetra- parts, wherein, reaction unit C is used to provide for material The environment of ultrahigh speed heating heating, for example, material burning provide enough 1400K hot environment, and inlet duct A is used to be thing Material burning provides reacting gas, is used to provide continuously stable material for reactor to powder device B, flue gas analysis device D is used In the after-flame situation and the situation that discharges pollutants of detection and analysis material burning.
Various pieces will be described in more detail and be illustrated one by one below.
As shown in figure 4, reaction unit C includes reactor 13, thermocouple 14, image unit, plasma generator 5 and rectification Device 6, reactor 13 loads in holding furnace, and the internal diameter of reactor 13 is that D, length are L1, thermal insulation furnace body overall length is L, the side of reactor 13 Face is provided with watch window 9, and holding furnace includes heating element heater 12, fixed heat-insulation layer 11 and detachable insulation successively from the inside to the outside Layer 10, for the ease of observation, heating element heater 12, fixed heat-insulation layer 11 and detachable heat-insulation layer 10 are relative with watch window 9 The position answered need to be emptied, to expose watch window 9;Thermocouple 14 is specially suction-type thermocouple, and it is from the top of reactor 13 Insertion, for measuring the central temperature inside reactor 13, so that it is guaranteed that the temperature at the center of reactor 13 is sufficiently high;Image unit At watch window 9 and reactor 13 top;Plasma generator 5 is tightly connected with reactor 13, and it is by plasma ECU 4 is controlled, in the insertion reaction device 13 of rectifier 6.
Further, reactor 13 is made of thermostable transparent material in the embodiment of the present invention, and specially high temperature resistant is saturating Bright quartz material, it is cylinder or polyhedron, can be worked for a long time under temperature 1400K, and the bottom of reactor 13 is sent out with plasma Raw device 5 is specific to be tightly connected by the way of embedded using the connection of refractory seals washer sealing;The top of watch window 9 can Dismounting heat-insulation layer 10 can be dismantled, to provide longer observation interval;Rectifier 6 is specially ceramic rectifier, and is detachable Formula, can periodically pull down cleaning, be arranged in reactor 13 at away from spout 10mm.The heating-up temperature of heating element heater 12 is 100K- 2000K, the length of itself and fixed heat-insulation layer 11 is L/10-L/2;The size of the watch window is regarded according to high-speed camera Window scope determines that this example is preferably 40mm × 40mm.
More specifically, image unit includes high-speed camera 25 and CCD camera 18, and wherein high-speed camera 25 is located at sight Examine at window 9, backlight is placed on its opposite, and CCD camera 18 is at the top of reactor 13 or watch window, to realize material Ignition phase and the observation in after-flame stage, and be imaged, then by colorimetric method, obtain furnace flame temperature branch information.At a high speed Video camera 25, CCD camera 18 are connected by data wire 27 with computer 24.High-speed camera 25 and CCD camera 18 with The combustion case of 4000fps speed record coal dust, its ignition delay time, firing temperature, burning are obtained by post-processing Time.
As shown in Fig. 2 inlet duct A includes mixed gas unit 1 and multiple air supply units 3, each air supply unit 3 is to mixed gas list A kind of gas of the supply of member 1, each gas has its corresponding flowmeter 2, and mixed gas unit 1 is entered after different flow is adjusted In;Mixed gas unit 1 is mixed to multiple gases to form mixed gas, is added in it provided with the electricity heated to mixed gas Thermal element, mixed gas unit 1 is connected by the pipeline added with electrical heating heating tape 26 with plasma generator 5.
Further, air supply unit is specially gas bomb in the present embodiment, and gas is respectively H2O、N2、CO2、O2、H2And Ar In one or more, ratio can flexibly change, can simulated air atmosphere, O2/CO2And O2/H2The oxygen-enriched characteristic atmosphere such as O, coal gas Change atmosphere or coal liquifaction atmosphere, mix the mixed gas that gas unit 1 provides enter after electrical heating heating tape 26 high temperature etc. from Electronic generator 5 is ionized, and produces high temperature plasma gas, and high temperature plasma gas enters reactor 13 after rectifier 6.More Specifically, the high-temperature plasma gas atmosphere that plasma generator 5 is produced can be H2O、N2、CO2、O2Deng one kind or Several, the flow velocity of high-temperature plasma is 1m/s-300m/s, and adjustable temperature range is 300K-5000K, temperature elevation system it is adjustable Heating rate is 100K/s-100000K/s.
In actual mechanical process, the H in selection air supply unit 32O air supply units 3-1, N2Air supply unit 3-2, CO2Supply is single First 3-3, O2Air supply unit 3-4, mixed gas unit 1 is entered by respective flowmeter 2-1,2-2,2-3,2-4 and is entered in varing proportions Row mixing, mixed gas is preheated to after 473K enters ionization generation 1400K in plasma generator 5 with 1.6L/S flow High-temperature plasma, subsequently into reactor 13.
As shown in figure 3, including funnel 15, powder feeding equipment 16 and stainless-steel pipe 7 to powder device B, powder feeding equipment 16 is to funnel 15 Middle supply material, material is delivered in stainless-steel pipe 7 under carrier gas carrying, and stainless-steel pipe 7 is tightly connected with reactor 13, Specific stainless-steel pipe 7 is horizontally inserted the side of reactor 13, to coal dust, biomass and solid waste in powder device B etc. Solid fuel is injected into reactor 13 through stainless-steel pipe 7 is radially continuous.
Further, the material selected in the embodiment of the present invention is coal dust, and powder feeding equipment 16 is injecting type, and coal dust is by powder feeding equipment 16 inject in funnel 15, and powder-feeding amount promotes speed to determine by powder feeding equipment, and carrier gas carries the coal dust in funnel 15 after flowmeter 17 Into stainless-steel pipe 7, the powder-feeding amount of material is 0.01g/min-100g/min, and powder-feeding amount is adjustable, and carrier gas speed is by flow Meter 17 is controlled, carrier gas speed and powder-feeding amount independent control in the present invention.Specifically, being cased with water cold sleeve outside stainless-steel pipe 7 8, its internal diameter is D/20-D/4, and the length for stretching into reactor 13 is D/10-2D/3, and internal diameter is preferably 6mm.
More specifically, carrier gas is specially air, and carrier gas speed is 1.3m/s, and powder-feeding amount is that 0.05g/min. coal dusts pass through Internal diameter 6mm stainless-steel pipe 7 enters reactor 13, is then carried up by high temperature plasma gas, and quickly light;This Outside, funnel 15 is specially glass funnel.
As shown in figure 5, flue gas analysis device D is connected with the top of reactor 13, for collecting and analyzing the thing after burning Material and flue gas, the flue gas analysis device D include air-introduced machine 19, dust collection unit 20, the dust-filtering unit being sequentially connected 21 and tail gas treating unit 22, dust-filtering unit 21 is also connected with flue gas analyzer 23, and flue gas analyzer 23 passes through data wire 27 are connected with computer 24, add flue gas analysis device in reactor head, pass through dust collection unit 20 and flue gas analyzer 23 can obtain the formation characteristic of the burn-off rate of coal dust and pollutant.
The specific operation process to the material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system of the present invention is described in detail below.
First, N2 air supply units 3-2, O2 the air supply unit 3-4 in air supply unit 3, passes through respective flowmeter 2-2,2-4 With ratio 79:21, which enter mixed gas unit 1, is mixed, mixed gas be preheated to after 473K with 1.6L/S flow entrance etc. from Ionization produces 1400K high-temperature plasma in electronic generator 5, subsequently into reactor 13;Suction-type thermocouple 14 is from top Insertion, for measuring reactor center temperature.
Secondly, to powder system B using air as carrier gas, carrier gas speed is 1.3m/s, and material is coal dust, and coal dust powder-feeding amount is 0.05g/min, coal dust is carried by air enters reactor 13 by internal diameter 6mm stainless-steel pipe 7.
Again, the coal dust into reactor is carried up by high temperature plasma gas, and quickly lights burning.
Finally, high-speed camera 25 with 4000fps, CCD camera 18 with the combustion case of 100fps speed record coal dust, Its ignition delay time and firing temperature, burning time are obtained by post-processing, pass through dust collection unit 20 and flue gas point Analyzer 23 obtains the burn-off rate of coal dust and the formation characteristic of pollutant.
Material heating is carried out by the material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system of the present invention, it can for different types of material particles Warm speed range is increased for 100K/s-100000K/s, has the advantages that temperature regulating range is wide, simple in construction, easy to operate, The energy, chemical industry, Ferrous Metallurgy, environmental protection, agricultural and the quick heating in Aero-Space class field are applicable not only to, material is also applied for Quick heating scientific research, disclosure satisfy that the ultrahigh speed heating heating of the solid fuels such as biomass, coal dust and solid waste.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not used to The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., it all should include Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system, it is characterised in that the system include reaction unit (C), inlet duct (A), To powder device (B) and flue gas analysis device (D), wherein:
The reaction unit (C) includes reactor (13), thermocouple (14), image unit, plasma generator (5) and rectifier (6), the reactor (13) loads in holding furnace, and its side is provided with watch window (9), and the holding furnace is wrapped successively from the inside to the outside Include heating element heater (12), fixed heat-insulation layer (11) and detachable heat-insulation layer (10);The thermocouple (14) is from reactor (13) top insertion;The image unit is located at the watch window (9) place and the top of reactor (13);The grade from Electronic generator (5) is tightly connected with reactor (13), in rectifier (6) the insertion reaction device (13);
The inlet duct (A) includes mixed gas unit (1) and multiple air supply units (3), and each air supply unit (3) is to the mixed gas Unit (1) supplies a kind of gas, and passes through flowmeter (2) adjusting gas flow;The mixed gas unit (1) is carried out to multiple gases Mixing is to form mixed gas, and provided with the electrical heating elements heated to mixed gas in it, it passes through added with electrical heating companion The pipeline of tropical (26) is connected with the plasma generator (5);
Described to include funnel (15), powder feeding equipment (16) and stainless-steel pipe (7) to powder device (B), the powder feeding equipment (16) is to leakage Struggled against supply material in (15), and material is delivered in stainless-steel pipe (7) under carrier gas carrying, the stainless-steel pipe (7) with it is anti- Device (13) is answered to be tightly connected;
The flue gas analysis device (D) is connected with the top of the reactor (13), and it is used to collect and analyzes the thing after burning Material and flue gas composition.
2. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the image unit includes high-speed camera Machine (25) and CCD camera (18), wherein the high-speed camera (25) is located at watch window (9) place, the CCD camera (18) sets Top in reactor (13), to realize the observation of material ignition phase and after-flame stage.
3. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that plasma generator (5) production Raw high-temperature plasma gas atmosphere is H2O、N2、CO2、O2、H2With the one or more in Ar, the high-temperature plasma Flow velocity is 1m/s-300m/s, and temperature is 300K-5000K.
4. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the reactor (13) uses high temperature resistant Transparent material is made, and it is cylinder or polyhedron, and it is embedded with the plasma generator (5) using refractory seals packing ring Mode be tightly connected.
5. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that be cased with outside the stainless-steel pipe (7) Water cold sleeve (8), its internal diameter is D/20-D/4, and the length for stretching into the reactor (13) is D/10-2D/3, wherein, D is reaction The internal diameter of device (13).
6. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that carry the carrier gas of material through flowmeter (17) enter in funnel (15).
7. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the heating temperature of the heating element heater (12) Spend for 100K-2000K, the length of itself and fixed heat-insulation layer (11) is L/10-L/2, and L is the total length of holding furnace.
8. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the flue gas analysis device (D) includes Air-introduced machine (19), dust collection unit (20), dust-filtering unit (21) and the tail gas treating unit (22) being sequentially connected, it is described Dust-filtering unit (21) is also connected with flue gas analyzer (23).
9. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the high-speed camera (25), CCD phases Machine (18) and flue gas analyzer (23) are connected by data wire (27) with computer (24), to realize data transfer and processing.
10. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the heating rate of the temperature elevation system Adjustable range be 100K/s-100000K/s.
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CN110274986B (en) * 2019-06-27 2021-10-01 河南省科学院能源研究所有限公司 Experimental method and device for coupling combustion of biomass gas and coal
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