CN105603213B - A kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans - Google Patents
A kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans Download PDFInfo
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- CN105603213B CN105603213B CN201610206054.2A CN201610206054A CN105603213B CN 105603213 B CN105603213 B CN 105603213B CN 201610206054 A CN201610206054 A CN 201610206054A CN 105603213 B CN105603213 B CN 105603213B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans, its technological process includes smelting furnace fusion process, electric arc furnaces refining process, water quenching process and environmental protection treatment process.The present invention has advantages below：The water quenching nickel beans of nickel purifying scrap to nickeliferous more than 70%, the recovery of nickel is adequately achieved, resource is fully used, the wasting of resources is reduced；Ferrophosphorus is used in smelting furnace fusion process, the heat that ferrophosphorus combustion process can be made full use of to produce, it is set not need external heat during thick nickel fibers, iron is used as a kind of reducing agent and slag former, slag-liquid separation can be made thorough, the rate of recovery of nickel is improved, and has part of nickel in ferrophosphorus, can be recycled；The high phosphorus slag that melting is produced, can carry out the cyclic utilization of waste；More advanced using smelting technology, metal recovery rate is high, does not produce waste water and waste residue, flow is short, and equipment is simple, and less pollution, processing charges is low, good in economic efficiency, there is preferable development prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans, belong to technical field of alloy.
Background technology
Water quenching nickel beans are a kind of silvery white graininess dilvals, and diameter is less than 50mm, because it has good machinery
Intensity and ductility, infusibility high temperature resistant, and with very high chemical stability the feature such as do not aoxidize, are one kind ten in atmosphere
Divide important non-ferrous metal raw material, be used to manufacture stainless steel, high nickel steel and structural alloy steel, be widely used in aircraft, thunder
Reach, the various military industrial manufacturing enterprises such as guided missile, tank, naval vessels, spaceship, atomic pile, be production structure in civilian industry
The important source material of steel, acid resisting steel, heat resisting steel etc..
Existing production water quenching nickel beans technique all has that complex process, long flow path, equipment are complicated, produces waste water, pollute compared with
Greatly, the shortcoming that processing charges is higher, nickel beans purity is low, and many nickel waste materials that can be produced in machining and metallurgy industry, such as
Deal with improperly, not only result in the waste of resource, also pollute the environment.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention, is to provide a kind of metal recovery rate height, does not produce waste water and waste residue, flow
Short, equipment is simple, less pollution, processing charges is low, good in economic efficiency, have the use nickel waste material production water quenching of preferable development prospect
The method of nickel beans.
The present invention is realized by following proposal：A kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans, its technological process includes
Smelting furnace melting, electric arc furnaces refining and water quenching process, smelting furnace melting is the preliminary concentration process of nickel, its operate include feed,
Oxidation, slagging, the operations such as thick nickel are put, using smelting furnace provided with three openings, respectively feed(raw material)inlet, smelting slag row's mouth and thick nickel
Outlet, air is blasted in the smelting furnace from the burner hearth airduct being arranged on the smelting furnace, the burner hearth airduct and the original
Material entrance is arranged in the confined space being connected in the smelting furnace, and the feed(raw material)inlet is horizontally disposed, the burner hearth
Airduct is accessed from the top of smelting furnace side confined space, and it is in negative pressure state, the specific steps of this method to make feed(raw material)inlet
As follows, step one belongs to smelting furnace fusion process, the purpose reduction melting of electric arc furnaces refining to step 5 wherein in the following steps
The thick nickel impurity content of stove output, improves nickel content, and its operating process includes the operations, following step such as charging, redox, deoxidation
Step 6 belongs to electric arc furnaces refining process to step 7 in rapid, and water quenching process is the smart nickel for cooling down electric arc furnaces output, and forms water
Quench nickel beans, step 8 belongs to water quenching process：
Step one：Before nickel waste material is added in smelting furnace, charcoal progress ignition oven is added in smelting furnace, furnace temperature is treated
Rise to 400 DEG C -600 DEG C, use 10L-20L diesel oil and 1t-1.5t coke instead and continue to heat up, treat furnace temperature be gradually heating to 800 DEG C -
Stop plus coke at 1000 DEG C, addition ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, the quality proportioning of ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material is 0.5-0.8：1, it is useless in nickel
In fuel combustion process, air is constantly blasted, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt；
Step 2：Slag former is added in smelting furnace, the quality proportioning of slag former addition and nickel waste material addition is
0.20-0.30:1；
Step 3：The clinker of smelting furnace is discharged, clinker obtains Water Quenching Slag through water quenching, then carries out subsequent treatment, can sell outside
As the raw material of calcium magnesium phosphate manufacturing enterprise, the cyclic utilization of waste is realized, with good economic benefit and environmental benefit,
Thick nickel is stayed in stove, is continued to add ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material in the ratio of step one, is constantly blasted air, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt,
Process major part Fe3P is oxidized to 2FeOSiO2, and further generation phosphoric acid three-iron enters clinker, i.e., iron is with oxide
Or phosphatic form is removed from material, phosphorus is separated with nickel metal in the form of phosphate；During blowing air, gold
Oxidation reaction also occurs for category nickel, but the nickel oxide of generation in alloy melt in body of heater when running into Fe and P, and gold is reduced into again
Category, is so enriched with nickel；
Step 4：The work of repeat step three, until the thick nickel of smelting furnace reaches predetermined fluid level height, carries out last time
Deslagging followed by goes out thick nickel；
Step 5：Bulk is cast into thick nickel direct pouring in mould, after removing sand-lime after natural cooling；
Step 6：The thick nickel for casting bulk that step 5 is obtained is put into electric arc furnaces by several times, in thick nickel smelting, greatly
The Fe of amount is oxidized and generates slag with SiO2 and be removed, and under conditions of without external source, melting is just difficult to proceed, and
Using electric arc furnaces, melting can be proceeded, further improve the content of nickel, reduce the content of the impurity such as phosphorus sulphur, each electric arc
Stove adds thick nickel 3t-5t every time, and the lime for the iron scale and 100kg-200kg for adding 200kg-250kg carries out slag making,
Air is blasted before slag making, oxidation is blowed, and continue 1h-1.5h；
Step 7：Add 50kg-60kg carborundum to carry out desulfurization after the oxidation of step 6 terminates, react 0.5h-1h, make
Product section compact crystallization；
Step 8：Treat that the furnace temperature of electric arc furnaces rises to 1400 DEG C -1600 DEG C, the smart nickel that step 7 is obtained directly is poured into ladle
In, then poured into by ladle in watch-quench tank water quenching nickel beans are made, the diameter of water quenching nickel beans is less than 50mm, the electric furnace that step 7 is obtained
Slag Returning smelting stove repeats above step.
The charcoal, diesel oil, coke, ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material enter the smelting furnace from feed(raw material)inlet, and clinker is from melting
Slag row's mouth discharge, thick nickel is exported from thick nickel and discharged.
The feed(raw material)inlet is apart from the furnace bottom 1.8m-2.2m of the smelting furnace, and the smelting slag row mouth is apart from the melting
The furnace bottom 0.3m-0.4m of stove, thick nickel row's mouth is apart from the furnace bottom 0.1m-0.2m of the smelting furnace, and feed(raw material)inlet is in negative pressure shape
State, can prevent burner hearth flue gas from escaping, reduce uncontrollable discharge, and raw material and fuel lean on descending under Gravitative Loads in stove during melting,
Generation redox reaction, until completing to smelt overall process.
Exist because the iron in raw material is main in phosphide form, ferrophosphorus oxidation heat liberation spontaneous combustion at high temperature, what it was released
Heat is enough to maintain in stove normal furnace temperature, thus need not outside heat supply again, remained in the thick nickel of melting in smelting furnace
Temperature is 1350 DEG C -1400 DEG C, and in-furnace temperature is tested by temperature controller and shown, method that can be by adding ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material
To adjust the temperature in smelting furnace, nickel waste material is added when the temperature in smelting furnace is too high, when the temperature in smelting furnace is too low
Add ferrophosphorus.
The slag former uses main component for the river sand of silica, iron is arranged in the form of silicate from body of heater
Go out, silicate viscosity is few, good fluidity, it is easy to separate and control the silica volume in clinker to be 20wt%-25wt%.
The phosphorus content of the addition of the river sand and nickel waste material is inversely proportional, i.e., the phosphorus content of nickel waste material is high, and river sand can add less；
The phosphorus content of nickel waste material is low, and river sand should be added, to control the phosphorus content in final thick nickel in 1.0wt%-1.50wt%.
Go out thick nickel cycle average out to 5-6 days once, every smelting furnace goes out nickel content in thick nickel amount 13t-18t, thick nickel every time
For 60wt%-65wt%.
The content of phosphorus can drop to the content of sulphur after 0.01wt%-0.05wt%, the step 7 and can be down to after the step 6
0.1wt%-0.4wt%。
Each component content of water quenching nickel beans that the step 8 is obtained is as follows：Ni：70wt%-75wt%, Fe：20wt%-25wt%,
S：0.1wt%-0.4wt%, P：0.01wt%-0.05wt%, Sn：0.01wt%-0.05wt%, C：0.10wt%-0.15wt%, SiO2：
0.2wt%-0.4wt%, Cu：1wt%-2wt%.
The smelting furnace, the feed(raw material)inlet of electric arc furnaces are arranged in confined space, and slag notch and discharging opening are respectively provided with environment
In smoke collecting device, the mixed flue gas such as flue gas and smelting furnace, electric arc furnaces of collection is in the lump through gallery water-cooled cooling, then through expansion chamber
The double alkali lye wet desulfuration towers of+bag-type dust+two-stage series connection handle high altitude discharge up to standard, double alkali lye be respectively 5%NaOH solution and
Calcium oxide.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, a kind of method of use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention includes water after smelting furnace melting and electric arc furnaces refining
The technological process quenched, the water quenching nickel beans of nickeliferous relatively low nickel purifying scrap to nickeliferous more than 70%, nickel metal contains in smelting slag
Amount greatly reduces, and less than 0.20wt%, nickel metal recovery rate is more than 93wt%, adequately achieves the recovery of nickel, filled resource
Divide and utilize, reduce the wasting of resources；
2nd, discharged in a kind of production of the method for use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention using ferrophosphorus and oxygen reaction
Heat is the not outer supplied materials such as coal, diesel oil, electric energy in the energy, fusion process, both reduces energy expenditure, SO is reduced again2's
Yield, meets the requirement of energy-saving and emission-reduction；
3rd, invent a kind of method of use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans and ferrophosphorus is used in smelting furnace fusion process, with three
Individual advantage：One is the heat for making full use of ferrophosphorus combustion process to produce, and it is not needed external heat during thick nickel fibers,
The second is iron is as a kind of reducing agent and slag former, it can make slag-liquid separation thoroughly, the rate of recovery of nickel be improved, the third is in ferrophosphorus
There is part of nickel, can recycle；
4th, a kind of smelting furnace automatic ash ejector of the method for use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention and discharging, alleviate work
The working strength of people；
5th, it is closed-loop operation in a kind of stove of the method for use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention, reduces inorganization and give up
The discharge capacity of gas；
6th, a kind of production process of the method for use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention is produced without waste water substantially, waste gas warp
Qualified discharge after desulfurized dust collection column processing；
7th, the high phosphorus slag that a kind of melting of the method for use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention is produced, can sell as calcium outside
The raw material of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer manufacturing enterprise；The cyclic utilization of waste is realized, with good economic benefit and environmental benefit；
8th, a kind of use smelting technology of the method for use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention is more advanced, metal recovery rate
Height, does not produce waste water and waste residue, and flow is short, and equipment is simple, and less pollution, processing charges is low, good in economic efficiency, there is preferable hair
Exhibition prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flowage structure schematic diagram of the method for use nickel waste material production water quenching nickel beans of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings, which show the preferred embodiments of the present invention,
It should be appreciated that those skilled in the art can change invention described herein and still realize advantageous effects of the invention.Cause
This, description below is appreciated that for the widely known of those skilled in the art, and is not intended as limitation of the present invention.
For clarity, not describing whole features of practical embodiments.In the following description, it is not described in detail known function
And structure, because they can make the present invention chaotic due to unnecessary details.It will be understood that opening in any practical embodiments
In hair, it is necessary to make a large amount of implementation details to realize the specific objective of developer, such as according to relevant system or relevant business
Limitation, another embodiment is changed into by one embodiment.Additionally, it should think that this development is probably complicated and expended
Time, but it is only to those skilled in the art routine work.
To become apparent the purpose of the present invention, feature, the embodiment to the present invention is made below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Further instruction.It should be noted that accompanying drawing is using very simplified form and uses non-accurately ratio, only it is used to
Purpose that is convenient, lucidly aiding in illustrating the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans, its technological process includes smelting furnace fusion process, electric arc furnaces essence
Refining process, water quenching process and environmental protection treatment process, smelting furnace fusion process are the preliminary concentration processes of nickel, and it, which is operated, includes adding
Material, oxidation, slagging, put the operations such as thick nickel；The purpose of electric arc furnaces refining process reduces the thick nickel impurity content of smelting furnace output, carries
High nickel content, its operating process includes the operations such as charging, redox, deoxidation；Water quenching process is the essence for cooling down electric arc furnaces output
Nickel, and form water quenching nickel beans；Environmental protection treatment process is the waste gas for smelting furnace fusion process and the discharge of electric arc furnaces refining process
Reach discharge standard.
Smelting furnace fusion process：
Smelting furnace is provided with three openings, respectively feed(raw material)inlet, smelting slag row's mouth and the outlet of thick nickel, charcoal, diesel oil, Jiao
Charcoal, ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material enter smelting furnace from feed(raw material)inlet, and clinker is exported from thick nickel and arranged from smelting slag row's mouth discharge, thick nickel
Go out；Feed(raw material)inlet is apart from the furnace bottom 1.8m of smelting furnace, and smelting slag row's mouth is apart from the furnace bottom 0.3m of smelting furnace, and thick nickel outlet is apart from molten
The furnace bottom 0.1m of furnace, air is blasted in smelting furnace from the burner hearth airduct being arranged on smelting furnace, burner hearth airduct and feed(raw material)inlet
It is arranged in the confined space being connected in smelting furnace, feed(raw material)inlet is horizontally disposed with, burner hearth airduct is closed from smelting furnace side
The top access in space, makes feed(raw material)inlet to prevent burner hearth flue gas from escaping in negative pressure state, reduce uncontrollable discharge, former during melting
Material and fuel lean on descending under Gravitative Loads in stove, occur redox reaction, until completing to smelt overall process.
When smelting furnace fusion process is run：Before nickel waste material is added in smelting furnace, charcoal progress is added in smelting furnace
Ignition oven, treats that furnace temperature rises to 400 DEG C, uses 10L diesel oil instead and 1t coke continues to heat up, when furnace temperature is gradually heating to 800 DEG C
Stop plus coke, addition ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, the quality proportioning of ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material is 0.5：1, during nickel waste combustion,
Air constantly is blasted, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt；Exist because the iron in raw material is main in phosphide form, at high temperature ferrophosphorus oxygen
Change heat release spontaneous combustion, its liberated heat is enough to maintain in stove normal furnace temperature, thus need not again outside heat supply, in the thick nickel of melting
It is 1350 DEG C to remain temperature in smelting furnace, and in-furnace temperature is tested by temperature controller and shown, can by add ferrophosphorus with
The method of nickel waste material adjusts the temperature in smelting furnace, nickel waste material is added when the temperature in smelting furnace is too high, when in smelting furnace
Temperature it is too low when add ferrophosphorus, need to add slag former in smelting furnace in smelting process, slag former addition and nickel give up
The quality proportioning for expecting addition is 0.20:1；Slag former uses main component for the river sand of silica, makes iron with silicate
Form is discharged from body of heater, and silicate viscosity is small, good fluidity, it is easy to is separated and is controlled the silica volume in clinker to be
20wt%, the phosphorus content of the addition and nickel waste material of river sand is inversely proportional, i.e., the phosphorus content of nickel waste material is high, and river sand can add less；Nickel waste material
Phosphorus content it is low, river sand should be added, to control the phosphorus content in final thick nickel in 1.0wt%.
The clinker of smelting furnace is discharged in timing, and clinker obtains Water Quenching Slag through water quenching, then carries out subsequent treatment, and conduct can be sold outside
The raw material of calcium magnesium phosphate manufacturing enterprise, realizes the cyclic utilization of waste, with good economic benefit and environmental benefit, thick nickel
Stay in stove, continue to add ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, blast air, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt, process major part Fe3P is oxidized
Into 2FeOSiO2, and further, generation phosphoric acid three-iron enters clinker, i.e. iron with oxide or phosphatic form from material
Middle to remove, phosphorus is separated with nickel metal in the form of phosphate；During blowing air, oxidation reaction also occurs for metallic nickel, but
When the nickel oxide of generation runs into Fe and P in body of heater in alloy melt, metal is reduced into again, so nickel is enriched with；
Until the thick nickel enrichment of smelting furnace reaches predetermined fluid level height, carry out last time deslagging and followed by go out thick nickel, go out the thick nickel cycle
Once it is 60wt% that every smelting furnace goes out nickel content in thick nickel amount 13t, thick nickel every time to average out to, and thick nickel direct pouring is existed within 5 days
Bulk is cast in mould, after removing sand-lime after natural cooling.
Electric arc furnaces refining process：
The thick nickel that smelting furnace fusion process casts bulk is put into electric arc furnaces by several times, it is substantial amounts of in thick nickel smelting
Fe is oxidized and generates slag with SiO2 and be removed, and under conditions of without external source, melting is just difficult to proceed, and uses
Electric arc furnaces, can proceed melting, further improve the content of nickel, reduce the content of the impurity such as phosphorus sulphur, and each electric arc furnaces is every
It is secondary to add thick nickel 3t, and the lime for the iron scale and 100kg for adding 200kg carries out slag making, and air, air inlet are blasted before slag making
Blowing oxidation, continues after 1h, the content of phosphorus can drop to 0.01wt%；Oxidation adds 50kg carborundum to carry out desulfurization, reaction after terminating
After 0.5h, the content of sulphur can be down to 0.1wt%, make product section compact crystallization, the electroslag that will be produced in electric arc furnaces refining process
The melting again of Returning smelting stove.
Water quenching process：
Treat that the furnace temperature of electric arc furnaces rises to 1400 DEG C -1600 DEG C, the product that electric arc furnaces refining process is obtained directly pours into steel
Bag, then poured into by ladle in watch-quench tank water quenching nickel beans are made, water quenching nickel beans diameter is less than 50mm, and its each component content is as follows：Ni：
75wt%%, Fe：20wt%, S：0.1wt%, P：0.01wt%, Sn：0.01wt%, C：0.10wt%, SiO2：0.2wt%, Cu：2wt%.
Environmental protection treatment process：
Smelting furnace, the feed(raw material)inlet of electric arc furnaces are arranged in confined space, and slag notch and discharging opening are respectively provided with ugitive gas collection
In device, the mixed flue gas such as flue gas and smelting furnace, electric arc furnaces of collection is in the lump through gallery water-cooled cooling, then through expansion chamber+cloth
The double alkali lye wet desulfuration towers of bag dedusting+two-stage series connection handle high altitude discharge up to standard, and double alkali lye are respectively 5%NaOH solution and oxidation
Calcium.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans, its technological process includes smelting furnace fusion process, electric arc furnaces essence
Refining process, water quenching process and environmental protection treatment process, smelting furnace fusion process are the preliminary concentration processes of nickel, and it, which is operated, includes adding
Material, oxidation, slagging, put the operations such as thick nickel；The purpose of electric arc furnaces refining process reduces the thick nickel impurity content of smelting furnace output, carries
High nickel content, its operating process includes the operations such as charging, redox, deoxidation；Water quenching process is the essence for cooling down electric arc furnaces output
Nickel, and form water quenching nickel beans；Environmental protection treatment process is the waste gas for smelting furnace fusion process and the discharge of electric arc furnaces refining process
Reach discharge standard.
Smelting furnace fusion process：
Smelting furnace is provided with three openings, respectively feed(raw material)inlet, smelting slag row's mouth and the outlet of thick nickel, charcoal, diesel oil, Jiao
Charcoal, ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material enter smelting furnace from feed(raw material)inlet, and clinker is exported from thick nickel and arranged from smelting slag row's mouth discharge, thick nickel
Go out；Feed(raw material)inlet is apart from the furnace bottom 2.2m of smelting furnace, and smelting slag row's mouth is apart from the furnace bottom 0.4m of smelting furnace, and thick nickel outlet is apart from molten
The furnace bottom 0.2m of furnace, air is blasted in smelting furnace from the burner hearth airduct being arranged on smelting furnace, burner hearth airduct and feed(raw material)inlet
It is arranged in the confined space being connected in smelting furnace, feed(raw material)inlet is horizontally disposed with, burner hearth airduct is closed from smelting furnace side
The top access in space, makes feed(raw material)inlet to prevent burner hearth flue gas from escaping in negative pressure state, reduce uncontrollable discharge, former during melting
Material and fuel lean on descending under Gravitative Loads in stove, occur redox reaction, until completing to smelt overall process.
When smelting furnace fusion process is run：Before nickel waste material is added in smelting furnace, charcoal progress is added in smelting furnace
Ignition oven, treats that furnace temperature rises to 600 DEG C, uses 20L diesel oil instead and 1.5t coke continues to heat up, treat that furnace temperature is gradually heating to 1000 DEG C
When stop plus coke, add ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, the quality proportioning of ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material is 0.8：1, in nickel waste combustion process
In, air is constantly blasted, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt；Exist because the iron in raw material is main in phosphide form, at high temperature phosphorus
Iron oxidation heat liberation spontaneous combustion, its liberated heat is enough to maintain in stove normal furnace temperature, thus need not outside heat supply again, it is thick in melting
It is 1400 DEG C that the temperature in smelting furnace is remained during nickel, and in-furnace temperature is tested by temperature controller and shown, can be by adding phosphorus
Iron adjusts the temperature in smelting furnace with the method for nickel waste material, and nickel waste material is added when the temperature in smelting furnace is too high, works as melting
Temperature in stove adds ferrophosphorus when too low, needs to add slag former in smelting furnace in smelting process, slag former addition with
The quality proportioning of nickel waste material addition is 0.30:1；Slag former uses main component for the river sand of silica, makes iron with silicic acid
The form of salt is discharged from body of heater, and silicate viscosity is small, good fluidity, it is easy to is separated and is controlled the silica volume in clinker to be
25wt%, the phosphorus content of the addition and nickel waste material of river sand is inversely proportional, i.e., the phosphorus content of nickel waste material is high, and river sand can add less；Nickel waste material
Phosphorus content it is low, river sand should be added, to control the phosphorus content in final thick nickel in 1.50wt%.
The clinker of smelting furnace is discharged in timing, and clinker obtains Water Quenching Slag through water quenching, then carries out subsequent treatment, and conduct can be sold outside
The raw material of calcium magnesium phosphate manufacturing enterprise, realizes the cyclic utilization of waste, with good economic benefit and environmental benefit, thick nickel
Stay in stove, continue to add ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, blast air, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt, process major part Fe3P is oxidized
Into 2FeOSiO2, and further, generation phosphoric acid three-iron enters clinker, i.e. iron with oxide or phosphatic form from material
Middle to remove, phosphorus is separated with nickel metal in the form of phosphate；During blowing air, oxidation reaction also occurs for metallic nickel, but
When the nickel oxide of generation runs into Fe and P in body of heater in alloy melt, metal is reduced into again, so nickel is enriched with；
Until the thick nickel enrichment of smelting furnace reaches predetermined fluid level height, carry out last time deslagging and followed by go out thick nickel, go out the thick nickel cycle
Once it is 65wt% that every smelting furnace goes out nickel content in thick nickel amount 18t, thick nickel every time to average out to, and thick nickel direct pouring is existed within 6 days
Bulk is cast in mould, after removing sand-lime after natural cooling.
Electric arc furnaces refining process：
The thick nickel that smelting furnace fusion process casts bulk is put into electric arc furnaces by several times, it is substantial amounts of in thick nickel smelting
Fe is oxidized and generates slag with SiO2 and be removed, and under conditions of without external source, melting is just difficult to proceed, and uses
Electric arc furnaces, can proceed melting, further improve the content of nickel, reduce the content of the impurity such as phosphorus sulphur, and each electric arc furnaces is every
It is secondary to add thick nickel 5t, and the lime for the iron scale and 200kg for adding 250kg carries out slag making, and air, air inlet are blasted before slag making
Blowing oxidation, continues after 1.5h, the content of phosphorus can drop to 0.05wt%；Oxidation adds 60kg carborundum to carry out desulfurization after terminating, instead
Answer after 0.5h-1h, the content of sulphur can be down to 0.4 wt%, make product section compact crystallization.
Water quenching process：
Treat that the furnace temperature of electric arc furnaces rises to 1400 DEG C -1600 DEG C, the product that electric arc furnaces refining process is obtained directly pours into steel
Bag, then poured into by ladle in watch-quench tank water quenching nickel beans are made, water quenching nickel beans diameter is less than 50mm, and its each component content is as follows：Ni：
70wt%, Fe：25wt%, S：0.4wt%, P：0.05wt%, Sn：0.05wt%, C：0.15wt%, SiO2：0.4wt%, Cu：1wt%.
Environmental protection treatment process：
Smelting furnace, the feed(raw material)inlet of electric arc furnaces are arranged in confined space, and slag notch and discharging opening are respectively provided with ugitive gas collection
In device, the mixed flue gas such as flue gas and smelting furnace, electric arc furnaces of collection is in the lump through gallery water-cooled cooling, then through expansion chamber+cloth
The double alkali lye wet desulfuration towers of bag dedusting+two-stage series connection handle high altitude discharge up to standard, and double alkali lye are respectively 5%NaOH solution and oxidation
Calcium.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans, its technological process includes smelting furnace fusion process, electric arc furnaces essence
Refining process, water quenching process and environmental protection treatment process, smelting furnace fusion process are the preliminary concentration processes of nickel, and it, which is operated, includes adding
Material, oxidation, slagging, put the operations such as thick nickel；The purpose of electric arc furnaces refining process reduces the thick nickel impurity content of smelting furnace output, carries
High nickel content, its operating process includes the operations such as charging, redox, deoxidation；Water quenching process is the essence for cooling down electric arc furnaces output
Nickel, and form water quenching nickel beans；Environmental protection treatment process is the waste gas for smelting furnace fusion process and the discharge of electric arc furnaces refining process
Reach discharge standard.
Smelting furnace fusion process：
Smelting furnace is provided with three openings, respectively feed(raw material)inlet, smelting slag row's mouth and the outlet of thick nickel, charcoal, diesel oil, Jiao
Charcoal, ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material enter smelting furnace from feed(raw material)inlet, and clinker is exported from thick nickel and arranged from smelting slag row's mouth discharge, thick nickel
Go out；Feed(raw material)inlet is apart from the furnace bottom 2m of smelting furnace, and smelting slag row's mouth is apart from the furnace bottom 0.35m of smelting furnace, and thick nickel outlet is apart from molten
The furnace bottom 0.15m of furnace, air is blasted in smelting furnace from the burner hearth airduct being arranged on smelting furnace, burner hearth airduct and feed(raw material)inlet
It is arranged in the confined space being connected in smelting furnace, feed(raw material)inlet is horizontally disposed with, burner hearth airduct is closed from smelting furnace side
The top access in space, makes feed(raw material)inlet to prevent burner hearth flue gas from escaping in negative pressure state, reduce uncontrollable discharge, former during melting
Material and fuel lean on descending under Gravitative Loads in stove, occur redox reaction, until completing to smelt overall process.
When smelting furnace fusion process is run：Before nickel waste material adds smelting furnace, charcoal progress point is added in smelting furnace
Fiery baker, treats that furnace temperature rises to 500 DEG C, uses 15L diesel oil instead and 1.2t coke continues to heat up, when furnace temperature is gradually heating to 900 DEG C
Stop plus coke, addition ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, the quality proportioning of ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material is 0.6：1, during nickel waste combustion,
Air constantly is blasted, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt；Exist because the iron in raw material is main in phosphide form, at high temperature ferrophosphorus oxygen
Change heat release spontaneous combustion, its liberated heat is enough to maintain in stove normal furnace temperature, thus need not again outside heat supply, in the thick nickel of melting
It is 1380 DEG C to remain temperature in smelting furnace, and in-furnace temperature is tested by temperature controller and shown, can by add ferrophosphorus with
The method of nickel waste material adjusts the temperature in smelting furnace, nickel waste material is added when the temperature in smelting furnace is too high, when in smelting furnace
Temperature it is too low when add ferrophosphorus, need to add slag former in smelting furnace in smelting process, slag former addition and nickel give up
The quality proportioning for expecting addition is 0.25:1；Slag former uses main component for the river sand of silica, makes iron with silicate
Form is discharged from body of heater, and silicate viscosity is small, good fluidity, it is easy to is separated and is controlled the silica volume in clinker to be
22wt%, the phosphorus content of the addition and nickel waste material of river sand is inversely proportional, i.e., the phosphorus content of nickel waste material is high, and river sand can add less；Nickel waste material
Phosphorus content it is low, river sand should be added, to control the phosphorus content in final thick nickel in 1.2wt%.
The clinker of smelting furnace is discharged in timing, and clinker obtains Water Quenching Slag through water quenching, then carries out subsequent treatment, and conduct can be sold outside
The raw material of calcium magnesium phosphate manufacturing enterprise, realizes the cyclic utilization of waste, with good economic benefit and environmental benefit, thick nickel
Stay in stove, continue to add ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, blast air, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt, process major part Fe3P is oxidized
Into 2FeOSiO2, and further, generation phosphoric acid three-iron enters clinker, i.e. iron with oxide or phosphatic form from material
Middle to remove, phosphorus is separated with nickel metal in the form of phosphate；During blowing air, oxidation reaction also occurs for metallic nickel, but
When the nickel oxide of generation runs into Fe and P in body of heater in alloy melt, metal is reduced into again, so nickel is enriched with；
Until the thick nickel enrichment of smelting furnace reaches predetermined fluid level height, carry out last time deslagging and followed by go out thick nickel, go out the thick nickel cycle
Once it is 62wt% that every smelting furnace goes out nickel content in thick nickel amount 15t, thick nickel every time to average out to, and thick nickel direct pouring is existed within 6 days
Bulk is cast in mould, after removing sand-lime after natural cooling.
Electric arc furnaces refining process：
The thick nickel that smelting furnace fusion process casts bulk is put into electric arc furnaces by several times, it is substantial amounts of in thick nickel smelting
Fe is oxidized and generates slag with SiO2 and be removed, and under conditions of without external source, melting is just difficult to proceed, and uses
Electric arc furnaces, can proceed melting, further improve the content of nickel, reduce the content of the impurity such as phosphorus sulphur, and each electric arc furnaces is every
It is secondary to add thick nickel 4t, and the lime for the iron scale and 150kg for adding 220kg carries out slag making, and air is blasted before slag making, is carried out
Blowing oxidation, continues after 1.2h, the content of phosphorus can drop to 0.03wt%；Oxidation adds 55kg carborundum to carry out desulfurization after terminating, instead
Answer after 0.8h, the content of sulphur can be down to 0.2wt%, make product section compact crystallization.
Water quenching process：
Treat that the furnace temperature of electric arc furnaces rises to 1500 DEG C, the product that electric arc furnaces refining process is obtained directly pours into ladle, then by
Ladle, which is poured into watch-quench tank, is made water quenching nickel beans, and water quenching nickel beans diameter is less than 50mm, and its each component content is as follows：Ni：73wt%,
Fe：23wt%, S：0.2wt%, P：0.03wt%, Sn：0.03wt%, C：0.12wt%, SiO2：0.3wt%, Cu：1.5wt%.
Environmental protection treatment process：
Smelting furnace, the feed(raw material)inlet of electric arc furnaces are arranged in confined space, and slag notch and discharging opening are respectively provided with ugitive gas collection
In device, the mixed flue gas such as flue gas and smelting furnace, electric arc furnaces of collection is in the lump through gallery water-cooled cooling, then through expansion chamber+cloth
The double alkali lye wet desulfuration towers of bag dedusting+two-stage series connection handle high altitude discharge up to standard, and double alkali lye are respectively 5%NaOH solution and oxidation
Calcium.
Although having done more detailed elaboration to technical scheme and having enumerated, it will be appreciated that for ability
For field technique personnel, modification is made to above-described embodiment or equivalent alternative solution is used, this is to those skilled in the art
It is it is clear that these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the present invention for member
Claimed scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that use nickel waste material produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：Its technological process includes smelting furnace melting, electric arc
Stove is refined and water quenching process, using smelting furnace provided with three openings, respectively feed(raw material)inlet, smelting slag row's mouth and the outlet of thick nickel,
Air is blasted in the smelting furnace from the burner hearth airduct being arranged on the smelting furnace, the burner hearth airduct and the feed(raw material)inlet
Be arranged in the confined space being connected in the smelting furnace, and the feed(raw material)inlet is horizontally disposed, the burner hearth airduct from
The top access of smelting furnace side confined space, it is in negative pressure state to make feed(raw material)inlet, and this method is comprised the following steps that, its
Middle step one belongs to smelting furnace fusion process to step 5, and step 6 to step 7 belongs to electric arc furnaces refining process, step 8 category
In water quenching process：
Step one：Before nickel waste material is added in smelting furnace, charcoal progress ignition oven is added in smelting furnace, treats that furnace temperature rises to
400 DEG C -600 DEG C, use 10L-20L diesel oil instead and 1t-1.5t coke continues to heat up, treat that furnace temperature is gradually heating to 800 DEG C -1000
DEG C when stop plus coke, add ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material, the quality proportioning of ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material is 0.5-0.8：1, in the combustion of nickel waste material
During burning, air is constantly blasted, ferrophosphorus is fully burnt；
Step 2：Add slag former in smelting furnace, the quality proportioning of slag former addition and nickel waste material addition is 0.20-
0.30:1；
Step 3：The clinker of smelting furnace is discharged, clinker obtains Water Quenching Slag through water quenching, then carries out subsequent treatment, and thick nickel stays in stove
In, continue to add ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material in the ratio of step one, constantly blast air；
Step 4：The work of repeat step three, until the thick nickel of smelting furnace reaches predetermined fluid level height, carries out last time deslagging
Followed by go out thick nickel；
Step 5：Bulk is cast into thick nickel direct pouring in mould, after removing sand-lime after natural cooling；
Step 6：The thick nickel for casting bulk that step 5 is obtained is put into electric arc furnaces by several times, and each electric arc furnaces adds thick every time
Nickel 3t-5t, and the lime for the iron scale and 100kg-200kg for adding 200kg-250kg carries out slag making, and sky is blasted before slag making
Gas, is blowed oxidation, and continue 1h-1.5h；
Step 7：Add 50kg-60kg carborundum to carry out desulfurization after the oxidation of step 6 terminates, react 0.5h-1h, make product
Section compact crystallization；
Step 8：Treat that the furnace temperature of electric arc furnaces rises to 1400 DEG C -1600 DEG C, the smart nickel that step 7 is obtained directly is poured into ladle, then
Poured into by ladle in watch-quench tank and water quenching nickel beans are made, the diameter of water quenching nickel beans is less than 50mm, and the electroslag that step 7 is obtained is returned
Melt back furnace repeats above step.
2. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 1 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：The charcoal,
Diesel oil, coke, ferrophosphorus and nickel waste material from feed(raw material)inlet enter the smelting furnace, clinker from smelting slag row mouth discharge, thick nickel from
Thick nickel outlet discharge.
3. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 2 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：The raw material enters
Mouthful apart from the smelting furnace furnace bottom 1.8m-2.2m, smelting slag row's mouth apart from the smelting furnace furnace bottom 0.3m-0.4m,
Furnace bottom 0.1m-0.2m of the thick nickel row's mouth apart from the smelting furnace.
4. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 1 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：In the thick nickel of melting
When remain that temperature in smelting furnace is 1350 DEG C -1400 DEG C, in-furnace temperature is tested by temperature controller and shown, can be by adding
The iron that phosphorates adjusts the temperature in smelting furnace with the method for nickel waste material, and nickel waste material is added when the temperature in smelting furnace is too high, when
Temperature in smelting furnace adds ferrophosphorus when too low.
5. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 1 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：The slag former
Main component is used for the river sand of silica, make iron in the form of silicate from body of heater discharge, and control in clinker two
Silica amount is 20wt%-25wt%.
6. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 5 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：The river sand
The phosphorus content of addition and nickel waste material is inversely proportional, i.e., the phosphorus content of nickel waste material is high, and river sand can add less；The phosphorus content of nickel waste material is low,
River sand should be added, to control the phosphorus content in final thick nickel in 1.0wt%-1.50wt%.
7. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 1 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：Go out the thick nickel cycle
Once it is 60wt%-65wt% that every smelting furnace goes out nickel content in thick nickel amount 13t-18t, thick nickel every time to average out within 5-6 days.
8. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 1 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：The step 6
The content of phosphorus, which can drop to the content of sulphur after 0.01wt%-0.05wt%, the step 7, afterwards can be down to 0.1wt%-0.4wt%.
9. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 1 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：The step 8
Obtained each component content of water quenching nickel beans is as follows：Ni：70wt%-75wt%, Fe：20wt%-25wt%, S：0.1wt%-0.4wt%, P：
0.01wt%-0.05wt%, Sn：0.01wt%-0.05wt%, C：0.10wt%-0.15wt%, SiO2：0.2wt%-0.4wt%, Cu：
1wt%-2wt%。
10. the method that a kind of use nickel waste material according to claim 1 produces water quenching nickel beans, it is characterised in that：The melting
Stove, the feed(raw material)inlet of electric arc furnaces are arranged in confined space, and slag notch and discharging opening are respectively provided with ugitive gas collection device, collection
The mixed flue gas such as flue gas and smelting furnace, electric arc furnaces is in the lump through gallery water-cooled cooling, then through expansion chamber+bag-type dust+two-stage string
The double alkali lye wet desulfuration towers of connection handle high altitude discharge up to standard, and double alkali lye are respectively 5%NaOH solution and calcium oxide.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109988919A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-09 | 江苏源翔合金材料科技有限公司 | A kind of smelting furnace bottom nickel block recovery process |
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| CN107699700A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-16 | 东北大学 | A kind of method that valuable component is reclaimed by slag containing nickel fibers |
| CN114349486B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-10-11 | 登封市汇联磨料磨具有限公司 | Production method of brown corundum abrasive and sand-cutting equipment thereof |
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Denomination of invention: A method for producing water quenched nickel beans from nickel waste Effective date of registration: 20220520 Granted publication date: 20170825 Pledgee: Jiangxi Xiajiang Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: JIANGXI TONGDE SHENGYUAN NICKEL INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980005945 |
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