CN105599620B - A kind of automobile starting supply unit and its startup control method based on lithium-ion capacitor - Google Patents

A kind of automobile starting supply unit and its startup control method based on lithium-ion capacitor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105599620B
CN105599620B CN201510834501.4A CN201510834501A CN105599620B CN 105599620 B CN105599620 B CN 105599620B CN 201510834501 A CN201510834501 A CN 201510834501A CN 105599620 B CN105599620 B CN 105599620B
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lithium
module
ion capacitor
voltage
automobile starting
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CN105599620A (en
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梁亚青
廖运平
闵凡奇
尹传丰
熊栋
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Jiangxi Zhanxiao New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Zhanxiao New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of automobile starting supply unit based on lithium-ion capacitor, including:Execution module, including lithium-ion capacitor module are controlled, lithium-ion capacitor module can form the first closed-loop path by ignition switch and starter;Unidirectional direct-current power supply, connecting secondary battery can form the 3rd closed-loop path with lithium-ion capacitor module;Secondary cell can also form the second closed-loop path with generator;For the power module changed secondary battery voltage and powered to the circuit board in whole automobile starting supply unit, including the power input that is connected with secondary cell and with other power consumption modules are connected in circuit board power output end;Voltage, electric current, temperature data in execution module are controlled for reading, Unidirectional direct-current power supply is controlled, and microprocessor module is used to the microprocessor module that outside is communicated, the microprocessor module;The signal that microprocessor module is detected passes to the CAN interface of entire car controller.

Description

A kind of automobile starting supply unit and its startup control based on lithium-ion capacitor Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of automobile starting supply unit based on lithium-ion capacitor and its start control method, belong to Electric motor car energy technical field.
Background technology
Startup power supply mainly using lead-acid accumulator as automobile in the prior art, but but there is itself for battery The defects of can not making up:Poor performance at low temperatures, high magnification fan-out capability produce irreversible influence, self discharge ability to itself Compare high.
Determined by the architectural characteristic of battery, under low-temperature condition, the charge acceptance of battery, charge efficiency, capacity It will decline, if electric vehicle load excessive(Heavy-current discharge), long-time heavy-current discharge, the actual discharge capacity of battery will It can become smaller.This is also the reason for all batteries is not ideal enough in use in the winter time.Internal storage battery DC internal resistance it is big It is small to produce change with the change of environment temperature and use environment.Under low temperature environment particularly below -25 DEG C, electric power storage The charge acceptance in pond seriously glides, or even does not reach it at all and start voltage;In addition, its discharge capacity will be with temperature Reduction significantly decline, in some instances it may even be possible to discharge capability useless.When environment temperature is down to less than 0 DEG C, temperature often reduces by 10 DEG C, interior Resistance about increases 15% or so, because sulfuric acid solution viscosity becomes big, increases sulfuric acid solution resistance, and has aggravated electrode polarization Influence, accumulator capacity can be obviously reduced.
In normal conditions of use, starter is when the immediate current of startup is to run well several times of rated current, therefore And cause battery instantaneous voltage to decline to a great extent, degradation.And battery fills as startup power supply after energy uses It is longer the time required to electric;And battery can not use need discarded when, the environmental pollution such as heavy metal lead is serious, limits storage The application of battery.
Meanwhile the moon self-discharge rate of battery is up to 30%, therefore, in long-term unused automobile, it is necessary to which every three months starts Once, it is battery charging a period of time.This has equally been limited the application of battery.
In order to improve the performance of automobile starting power supply, start automobile using the mode of ultracapacitor multiple-connected battery, Such as patent CN202429148U.Ultracapacitor has that capacity is big, power is high, long lifespan, low-temperature characteristics are good and pollution-free etc. Feature, can be used in parallel with battery.The momentary high power that ultracapacitor is utilized during automobile starting is starter Power supply, so greatly increases the service life of battery;However, the self-discharge rate of ultracapacitor itself is very big, substantially 3 It will be discharged, and this just greatly limit the use of ultracapacitor.
Lithium ion battery is compared with battery, it is apparent that its self-discharge rate is very low, substantially places 1 year, electricity 80% can also be maintained;The service life cycle of lithium ion battery is far above battery.Therefore, patent CN104037446A is directly used Lithium ion battery substitutes battery as automobile starting power supply, but does not solve battery thoroughly yet as automobile starting power supply institute The problem of existing, relate generally to the ability of high-power instantaneous discharge.
In addition, also another replaced type startup power supply device is using ultracapacitor substitution battery, such as specially Sharp CN203827004U, CN202978396U.In such a system, the main function of battery is to be charged for ultracapacitor and be In-car load supplying.The drawbacks of still no change ultracapacitor self discharge of this system seriously causes a large amount of energy losses, Need to charge to ultracapacitor again before being again started up.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of new automobile starting supply unit and its start controlling party Method, the startup power supply device are based on lithium-ion capacitor, the automobile starting supply unit had high voltage holding capacity, used The advantages that long lifespan, freedom from repairs, accurate control.
Lithium-ion capacitor uses lithium ion battery and ultracapacitor mixed structure, and its positive pole is using ultracapacitor Positive pole, negative pole use the negative pole structure of lithium ion battery, have the high power density of ultracapacitor concurrently(Its power density is much larger than Lead-acid accumulator), long-life characteristics and lithium ion battery high-energy-density characteristic.There is very high voltage to keep energy for itself Power, 25 DEG C of normal temperature are placed 3 months, and voltage declines≤5%;Wide use temperature range(-40℃~70℃)Safety in operation, reliable Property.Therefore, lithium-ion capacitor can make up the shortcomings that battery completely, directly substitute battery as automobile starting power supply.
Based on lithium-ion capacitor possessed premium properties, the present invention proposes the automobile based on lithium-ion capacitor and opened Dynamic device, the automobile starting supply unit mainly include:
The exectorial control execution module of control is played to automobile starting, the control execution module includes lithium-ion capacitor Module, the lithium-ion capacitor module can form the first closed-loop path by ignition switch and starter;Also include Unidirectional direct-current Power supply, the Unidirectional direct-current power supply connecting secondary battery can form the 3rd closed-loop path with lithium-ion capacitor module;Secondary cell Also the second closed-loop path can be formed with generator;
For the power supply changed the secondary battery voltage and powered to the circuit board in whole automobile starting supply unit Module, including the power input that is connected with the secondary cell and exported with the power supply that other power consumption modules are connected in circuit board End, i.e., 12 volts of voltage conversions of secondary cell are 5 volts of voltages by power module, in addition to needed for power module itself power consumption, also for Following microprocessor module, CAN interface power supply;
Voltage, current data in execution module are controlled for reading, Unidirectional direct-current power supply is carried out according to gained magnitude of voltage Control, processing system anomalous event and the microprocessor module communicated to outside;The micro controller module is always according to demand Clock source is provided with, programming port, resets mouth, relay indicating light, system power supply, CAN receiving and transmitting signal interfaces, Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control port, voltage, electric current, temperature signal input port, filter capacitor.It is arranged on inside lithium-ion capacitor module Temperature sampling module temperature signal and some other signal can also be transferred to the microprocessor module and be handled.
The signals such as voltage, electric current, temperature and system mode that microprocessor module is detected pass to full-vehicle control The CAN interface of device.
Further, it is separately provided for monitoring secondary cell, lithium-ion capacitance in real time in the control execution module Two voltage detecting mouths of device module voltage and the control port for the Unidirectional direct-current power supply that is turned on or off, the voltage inspection Survey mouth, the control port for the Unidirectional direct-current power supply that is turned on or off is connected to microprocessor module the corresponding interface.
Further, the secondary cell is lithium ion battery, lithium ion polymer battery, nickel-cadmium cell or Ni-MH battery In any one.
A kind of controlling party invention additionally discloses automobile starting supply unit based on lithium-ion capacitor to automobile starting Method, the control method comprise the following steps:
(1), receive vehicle activation signal, control the ignition switch closure in execution module, connect the first closed-loop path, lithium Ionistor module provides momentary high power electric current for starter, it is driven internal combustion engine operation, and internal combustion engine rotates rapidly simultaneously After reaching ignition point rotating speed, internal combustion engine start is completed, and into normal operation, ignition switch disconnects, and the first closed-loop path disconnects;
(2), internal combustion engine enter normal operation after, drive generator operation, electrical power generators, the second closed-loop path connects It is logical, after generator secondary cell charges to rated voltage, continue floating charge to internal combustion engine and shut down, generator stops generating electricity, the Two closed-loop paths disconnect;
(3), microprocessor module pass through two voltage detecting mouths, monitoring secondary cell and lithium-ion capacitor in real time respectively Voltage, the electric current of module,
When the voltage for detecting lithium-ion capacitor module can not meet automobile starting once required voltage conditions, and When the voltage that detecting secondary cell has abundance charges to lithium-ion capacitor module, microprocessor module is made by control port Unidirectional direct-current power supply turns on and connects the 3rd closed-loop path, and the low-voltage direct of secondary cell output passes through Unidirectional direct-current Power convert An automobile starting institute can at least be met by charging to its rated voltage to lithium-ion capacitor module into HVDC or charging to Need voltage conditions;
When the voltage for detecting lithium-ion capacitor module can at least meet voltage conditions needed for an automobile starting, and Detect that no energy continues as lithium-ion capacitor module and charged at least meet again more one-shot vapour secondary cell Needed for car during voltage, microprocessor module disconnects Unidirectional direct-current power supply to disconnect the 3rd closed-loop path by control port;
Or, after detecting that lithium-ion capacitor module reaches its rated voltage, and detect that secondary cell still has During remaining energy, microprocessor module disconnects Unidirectional direct-current power supply to disconnect the 3rd closed-loop path, lithium by control port Ionistor module in the raw, treats automobile starting next time.
The present invention has given full play to lithium-ion capacitor high power density, low temperature charging and discharging capabilities, long circulating service life And the characteristic of high-energy-density and high voltage holding capacity, it compensate for the shortcomings that battery is when as automobile starting power supply.
Using Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC secondary cell can be made to carry out low pressure to lithium-ion capacitor module and turn high pressure Charging, effectively increase the service life of secondary cell.
The present apparatus is powered using secondary cell to lithium-ion capacitor, and lithium-ion capacitor is directly powered to starter, is opened Motivation drives electrical power generators, the pattern that generator is powered to secondary cell, it is possible to prevente effectively from the instantaneous big work(of secondary cell Rate is discharged, and the especially electric discharge of the momentary high power under cryogenic conditions is relatively much lower to the requirement of secondary cell.
Because lithium-ion capacitor has high voltage holding capacity, therefore do not have to concern that some months does not use and causes nothing Method starts automobile.
There is the high security and high stability in wide temperature range, therefore the automobile starting due to lithium-ion capacitor again Supply unit can be with non-maintaining, without similar to battery, safeguarding once within 1 year.
Again because the high power density of lithium-ion capacitor, its value are far above the power density of battery, therefore meeting Under identical startup use condition, the quantity needed for lithium-ion capacitor is greatly reduced, and then makes automobile starting supply unit Weight and volume has very big saving.
The voltage of secondary cell and lithium-ion capacitor module, electric current and temperature are carried out using microprocessor module real-time Monitoring, ensure that the normal operation of whole system, especially ensure that being precisely controlled for tertiary circuit closed and disconnected, avoid making Into energy dissipation.
The control system of the automobile starting supply unit of the present invention is connected with Full Vehicle System, ensure that the stabilization of system operation Property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1:The circuit theory diagrams of present invention control execution module;
Fig. 2:The circuit power schematic diagram of power module of the present invention;
Fig. 3:The circuit theory diagrams of microcontroller of the present invention;
Fig. 4:The circuit theory diagrams of CAN interface of the present invention.
In Fig. 1:Secondary cell BAT12V, Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC, lithium-ion capacitor module LIC, ignition switch S, Starter Motor, generator Generator, secondary cell BAT12V voltage detectings port OutAD, lithium-ion capacitor module LIC voltage detecting port InterAD, Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control port E, anode of secondary battery end+, secondary cell Negative pole end-, lithium-ion capacitor module the first positive terminal S+, lithium-ion capacitor module the second positive terminal B+, lithium-ion capacitance Device module negative pole end GND.
In Fig. 2:12V+ is the power input being connected with secondary cell, and+5V is the power supply output being connected with circuit board End.
In Fig. 3:Clock source 1, programming port 2, reset mouth 3, relay indicating light 4, system power supply 5, CAN receiving and transmitting signals interface 6, Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control port 7, signal input 8, filter capacitor 9.
In Fig. 4:TXCAN, RXCAN are to receive and dispatch voltage, electric current, the letter of temperature and system mode in microprocessor module Number interface, L-CANH, L-CANI are the signaling interfaces toward entire car controller transmitting-receiving voltage, electric current, temperature and system mode.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The invention mainly comprises control execution module, power module, microprocessor module and CAN interface,
The control execution module is as shown in figure 1, include two positive terminals(Respectively the first positive terminal S+, second Positive terminal B+)Pass through igniting with negative terminal GND lithium-ion capacitor module LIC, lithium-ion capacitor module LIC Switch S and starter Motor can form the first closed-loop path;Also include secondary cell BAT(12V), secondary cell BAT passes through Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC and lithium-ion capacitor module LIC can form the 3rd closed-loop path;The secondary cell BAT also with Generator Generator can form the second closed-loop path, and starter Motor and generator Generator are all connected with automobile internal Machine, the control execution module play control to automobile starting and perform order.It is additionally provided with control execution module secondary for detecting The voltage detecting port OutAD of battery BAT voltages, and for detecting the voltage detecting of lithium-ion capacitor module LIC voltages Port InterAD.Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC negative pole end conducting, positive terminal control its disconnected open and close by control port E Close.
The secondary cell is any in lithium ion battery, lithium ion polymer battery, nickel-cadmium cell or Ni-MH battery It is a kind of.
As shown in Fig. 2 12V ports are the power input being connected with secondary cell BAT, 5V ports are the power module With the power output end that other power consumption modules are connected in circuit board, for by secondary cell BAT 12V voltage conversions be 5V electricity Pressure is also following microprocessor modules in addition to needed for power module itself power consumption, CAN interface power supply.
The microprocessor module is as shown in figure 3, main include being used to read voltage detecting port OutAD/InterAD's The signal input 8 of voltage signal, the conducting for controlling Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control ports E and the control terminal of closure Mouthfuls 7 and signal will be read send to the CAN receiving and transmitting signals interface 6 of CAN interface, also set on microprocessor module as needed Clock source 1 is equipped with, programming port 2, resets mouth 3, relay indicating light 4, system power supply 5, filter capacitor 9.Microprocessor module is also located Some anomalous events of reason system and outside is communicated.
The CAN interface is as shown in figure 4, voltage, electric current, temperature and system mode that microprocessor module is detected The CAN interface of entire car controller is passed to Deng signal.Including:TXCAN, RXCAN, be receive and dispatch microprocessor module in voltage, The signaling interface of electric current, temperature and system mode, L-CANH, L-CANI are toward entire car controller transmitting-receiving voltage, electric current, temperature And the signaling interface of system mode.Effect of the CAN interface in this startup power supply device is to detect microprocessor module To the signal such as voltage, electric current, temperature and system mode pass to entire car controller.
The automobile starting supply unit based on lithium-ion capacitor of the present invention to the control method of automobile starting, including:
(1), receive vehicle activation signal, control the ignition switch S closures in execution module, lithium-ion capacitor module LIC the first positive terminal S+ form the first closed-loop path, lithium-ion capacitor module LIC by ignition switch S and starter Motor Momentary high power electric current is provided for starter Motor, it is driven internal combustion engine operation, internal combustion engine rotates rapidly and reaches ignition point After rotating speed, internal combustion engine start is completed, and into normal operation, now, ignition switch S disconnects, and the first closed-loop path disconnects;
(2), internal combustion engine enter normal operation after, internal-combustion engine drives generator Generator operating, generator Generator generates electricity, and now generator Generator and secondary cell BAT forms the second closed-loop path, to secondary cell BAT Charged, after generator Generator charges to rated voltage to secondary cell BAT, continue floating charge and stop transporting to internal combustion engine Turn, generator Generator stops generating electricity, and the second closed-loop path disconnects;
Above procedure is monitored in real time by microprocessor module, and is made and sent corresponding instruction.
(3), microprocessor module detect secondary cell BAT voltage in real time by voltage detecting port OutAD, pass through electricity Pressure detection port InterAD detects lithium-ion capacitor module LIC voltage in real time, and corresponding signal is read by signal input 8,
When the voltage for detecting lithium-ion capacitor module LIC can not meet automobile starting once required voltage conditions, And when the voltage that detecting secondary cell BAT has abundance charges to lithium-ion capacitor module LIC, by microprocessor module Control port 7 Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control port E is turned on and is connected the 3rd closed-loop path, secondary cell BAT is defeated The low-voltage direct gone out is converted into HVDC by Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC and charges to it to lithium-ion capacitor module LIC Rated voltage charges to and can at least meet voltage conditions needed for an automobile starting;
When the voltage for detecting lithium-ion capacitor module LIC can at least meet voltage conditions needed for an automobile starting, And detect secondary cell BAT no energy continue as lithium-ion capacitor module LIC charge to can at least meet again it is more Needed for one-shot automobile during voltage, the control port 7 on microprocessor module makes Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control port E disconnects and disconnects the 3rd closed-loop path;
Or, after detecting that lithium-ion capacitor module LIC reaches its rated voltage, and detect secondary cell BAT When still having remaining energy, the control port 7 on microprocessor module makes Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control port E break Open and disconnect the 3rd closed-loop path, lithium-ion capacitor module LIC in the raw, treats automobile starting next time.(The system Middle Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC positive terminals are to control its cut-off/close by control port E, and its negative pole end is conducting.)
Microprocessor module is got detects lithium-ion capacitor module from two detection mouths of InterAD, OutAD After the signals such as LIC and secondary cell BAT voltage, by being data signal by signal transactings such as voltages, transmitted by CAN interface To entire car controller.Microprocessor module by data signal by clock source 1, programming port 2, reset mouth 3 etc. by the letter after processing Number it is transferred to Unidirectional direct-current power supply DC/DC control port E.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of automobile starting supply unit based on lithium-ion capacitor, it is characterised in that the automobile starting supply unit is main Including:
The exectorial control execution module of control is played to automobile starting, the control execution module includes lithium-ion capacitor mould Group, the lithium-ion capacitor module can form the first closed-loop path by ignition switch and starter;Also include Unidirectional direct-current electricity Source, the Unidirectional direct-current power supply connecting secondary battery can form the 3rd closed-loop path with lithium-ion capacitor module;Secondary cell is also The second closed-loop path can be formed with generator;
For change the secondary battery voltage and in whole automobile starting supply unit circuit board power power module, Including the power input that is connected with the secondary cell and with other power consumption modules are connected in circuit board power output end;
Voltage, current data in execution module are controlled for reading, Unidirectional direct-current power supply is controlled, processing system exception thing Part and the microprocessor module communicated to outside;
The signal that microprocessor module is detected passes to the CAN interface of entire car controller.
2. the automobile starting supply unit according to claim 1 based on lithium-ion capacitor, it is characterised in that:The control It is separately provided for monitoring secondary cell, two voltage detectings of lithium-ion capacitor module voltage in real time in execution module processed Mouthful and the control port for the Unidirectional direct-current power supply that is turned on or off, it is the voltage detecting mouth, unidirectional for being turned on or off The control port of dc source is connected to microprocessor module the corresponding interface.
3. the automobile starting supply unit according to claim 1 or 2 based on lithium-ion capacitor, it is characterised in that:Institute Secondary cell is stated as any one in lithium ion battery, lithium ion polymer battery, nickel-cadmium cell or Ni-MH battery.
4. according to the automobile starting supply unit based on lithium-ion capacitor described in claim 1-3 any one claims To the control method of automobile starting, it is characterised in that the control method includes:
(1), receive vehicle activation signal, control the ignition switch closure in execution module, connect the first closed-loop path, lithium ion Capacitor module provides momentary high power electric current for starter, it is driven internal combustion engine operation, and internal combustion engine is rotated and reached rapidly After ignition point rotating speed, internal combustion engine start is completed, and into normal operation, ignition switch disconnects, and the first closed-loop path disconnects;
(2), internal combustion engine enter normal operation after, drive generator operation, electrical power generators, the second closed-loop path connect, After generator charges to rated voltage to secondary cell, continuing floating charge to internal combustion engine and shut down, generator stops generating electricity, and second Closed-loop path disconnects;
(3), microprocessor module pass through two voltage detecting mouths, monitoring secondary cell and lithium-ion capacitor module in real time respectively Voltage,
When the voltage for detecting lithium-ion capacitor module can not meet automobile starting once required voltage conditions, and detect When the voltage for having abundance to secondary cell charges to lithium-ion capacitor module, microprocessor module is made unidirectionally by control port Dc source turns on and connects the 3rd closed-loop path, and the low-voltage direct of secondary cell output is by Unidirectional direct-current Power convert into height Straightening stream, which charges to its rated voltage to lithium-ion capacitor module or charged to, can at least meet electricity needed for an automobile starting Press strip part;
When the voltage for detecting lithium-ion capacitor module can at least meet voltage conditions needed for an automobile starting, and detect To secondary cell, no energy continues as lithium-ion capacitor module and charged at least meet again more one-shot automobile institutes When needing voltage, microprocessor module disconnects Unidirectional direct-current power supply to disconnect the 3rd closed-loop path by control port;
Or, after detecting that lithium-ion capacitor module reaches its rated voltage, and detect that secondary cell still has residue Energy when, microprocessor module by control port make Unidirectional direct-current power supply disconnect disconnect the 3rd closed-loop path, lithium ion Capacitor module in the raw, treats automobile starting next time.
CN201510834501.4A 2015-11-25 2015-11-25 A kind of automobile starting supply unit and its startup control method based on lithium-ion capacitor Active CN105599620B (en)

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WO2017181921A1 (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-26 洛阳尹太科智能科技有限公司 Transient dynamic power compensator, combined-type super battery, and method for compensating power supply
CN106981705A (en) * 2016-11-17 2017-07-25 上海展枭新能源科技有限公司 A kind of car emergency startup power supply device
CN109733305A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-10 奇瑞新能源汽车技术有限公司 A kind of automobile power supply system
CN113669184B (en) * 2021-08-24 2022-08-26 青岛大黄蜂新能源科技有限公司 Starting method and assembly process based on lithium ion battery

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JP5406574B2 (en) * 2008-12-17 2014-02-05 ソニーモバイルコミュニケーションズ株式会社 Power supply device and electronic device
CN102195333A (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-21 新神户电机株式会社 Direct-current power source apparatus
CN104160586B (en) * 2012-03-02 2017-12-05 日挥株式会社 Supply unit, electrical storage device and accumulating system
CN205185889U (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-04-27 上海展枭新能源科技有限公司 Vehicle starting power device based on lithium ion capacitor

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