CN105598450A - Laser three-dimensional profiling repair method for damaged components and parts - Google Patents
Laser three-dimensional profiling repair method for damaged components and parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN105598450A CN105598450A CN201610072075.XA CN201610072075A CN105598450A CN 105598450 A CN105598450 A CN 105598450A CN 201610072075 A CN201610072075 A CN 201610072075A CN 105598450 A CN105598450 A CN 105598450A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a laser three-dimensional profiling repair method for damaged components and parts. The method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the appearance of a standard part corresponding to the damaged part, and establishing a standard structure model; 2, carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the appearance of the damaged part, and establishing an actual structure model of the damaged part; 3, comparing the standard structure model and the actual structure model, and differencing to obtain a repair area structure model which completely corresponds to a damaged area; 4, controlling a laser three-dimensional profiling device to carry out laser cladding repair on the damaged area of the damaged part according to the repair area structure model. After the method is used, metal or non-metal parts can be precisely repaired under the premise of guaranteeing higher accuracy, the repair size is closer to the original size, the subsequent machining time is saved, and the repair cycle is shortened; furthermore, the repair material is combined with the original damaged part by metallurgical bonding, so that the binding force is high, the performance stability is high, and the rate of finished products is high; therefore, the laser three-dimensional profiling repair method for the damaged components and parts has wide popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recovery technique field of metal or nonmetal parts, particularly relate to a kind of parts damageLaser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure.
Background technology
Reverse profiling, is called again reverse-engineering, is that a kind of parts or product reproduce process. By infrared ray or laserExternal morphology to origianl component or product is followed the tracks of, is scanned, and recycles specific software scanned appearance point is carried outGather, analyze, by software drawing function, go back the 3-D view of origianl component or product, and then form drawing.
As a new advanced manufacturing technology, laser three-dimensional profile copying technology (being 3D printing technique), it is a kind of with numberWord model file is basis, uses powdery metal or the plastics etc. can jointing material, carrys out structure by the mode of successively printingThe technology of body. 3D prints and normally adopts digital technology file printing machine to realize. The necks such as mould manufacture, industrial design of being everlastingTerritory is used to modeling, after gradually for the direct manufacture of some products, had use this technology print form zeroParts. This technology is in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, building, engineering and construction (AEC), automobile, Aero-Space, dentistry and medical treatmentIndustry, education, GIS-Geographic Information System, civil engineering, gun and other field be application to some extent all.
The valuable parts such as aircraft structure, engine component, metal die after a period of time, there will be not under armsCannot continue normal use with the damage of form, in parts manufacture process, also easily occur in addition the damage that mistake processing causesWound. These parts are generally more valuable, occur that above-mentioned situation often scraps processing, cause great economic loss. TraditionSolution technique comprise following two kinds of modes: 1) parts of damage are scrapped processing, directly give up, and enter with new partsRow is replaced; 2), after the damage location of parts is repaired, again process according to processing drawing. But these two kinds of techniques allThere is the limitation of himself. For mode 1), for inefficacy parts, injury region volume is overall compared with partsAmass, or smaller, if directly scrap, can cause a large amount of wastes, especially the waste to raw material and processing;For mode 2), although can solve to a certain extent raw-material waste, realize recycling of material, afterContinue manufacturing procedure complexity, substantially retained all processing technologys of origianl component, and very high to the dependence of drawing accuracy, addThe work cycle is long. And above-mentioned two kinds of techniques are all only applicable to metal material. Therefore in prior art, especially for nonmetal zeroNot a kind of well solution of the reparation of part.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on above-mentioned prior art problem, by conjunction with two kinds of reverse-engineering and laser three-dimensional profilings (3D printing)Technology, the proposition of innovation is a kind of based on 3-D scanning and the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of asking poor modeling, utilizes 3-D scanningSoftware obtains damaging the model data of parts and standard parts and components, and both are compared and ask the poor area to be repaired that obtainsAccurate model, then controls digital control system according to the accurate model of area to be repaired by laser melting coating head by repair materials successivelyBe deposited on the area to be repaired of damage parts, complete the precise repairing of damage parts. The present invention can be more high-precision in guaranteeUnder the condition of degree, metal or nonmetal parts are carried out to precise repairing, due to can be accurately according to the essence of area to be repairedQuasi-mode type is repaired, and makes to repair size and more approaches life size, and the parts after reparation only need effects on surface to polishCan use, greatly save follow-up machining time, and greatly shorten repairing efficiency, simultaneously repair materials and former damage locationFor metallurgical binding, adhesion is strong, and stability is high, and yield rate is high, and greatly reduces valuable parts, precision partsRehabilitation cost, and the method for the invention not only goes for metallic material parts, more can be applied in non-metallic materialOn material parts, there is wide popularizing application prospect.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above taked technical scheme:
A laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure for parts damage, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), the outward appearance of standard parts and components corresponding to damage parts is carried out to 3-D scanning, set up parts and damageNormal structure model before wound;
Step (2), to damage parts outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, obtain damage parts practical structures model;
The practical structures model that step (3), the normal structure model that step (1) is obtained and step (2) obtain is compared and is askedPoor processing, obtains the reparation plot structure model completely corresponding with the damage field that damages parts;
Step (4), the reparation plot structure model obtaining according to step (3) are judged the type of impairment on damage parts, for damagePosition, traumatic part is with respect to the outwardly male type of parts normal surface damage execution step (5), for damage location with respect toThe inner concave shape damage execution step (6) that parts normal surface caves inward;
Step (5), the male type damage processing of damage parts is processed into inner concave shape damage, then repeated execution of steps (2)To step (4);
Step (6), control laser three-dimensional profiling equipment according to the definite reparation plot structure model of step (3) to damage partsDamage field carries out laser cladding reparation;
Step (7), to step (6) repair after damage parts test.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein in step (1) to zero of standardA part of outward appearance of part scans, and Criterion structural model, and this part outward appearance of standard parts and components is corresponding to damage zeroThere is the outward appearance position of damage in parts; The outward appearance position that wherein in step (2), damage parts is occurred to damage is carried out three-dimensional and is sweptRetouch, obtain practical structures model, and same corresponding to parts entirety of described practical structures model and described normal structure modelOne structure position.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, in wherein said step (4), byCriterion reference frame on normal structure model, then according to repairing, plot structure model residing coordinate is positive and negative judges damageHinder the type of impairment of parts.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, in wherein said step (5), to evaginationType damage location cuts, polishes together with the fatigue damage layer of its periphery or excavates processing and process, and makes it with respect to zeroPart normal surface caves inward, so that male type damage is converted to inner concave shape damage.
Further, according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step (6) specifically comprises followingStep:
Step (6-1): determine and repair starting point according to the shape and structure feature of repairing plot structure model;
Step (6-2): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment load can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding, and willLaser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment moves in damage parts damage field corresponding with described reparation starting pointPosition;
Step (6-3): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment according to the definite reparation plot structure model specification laser melting coating of step (3)The mobile route of head, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position and start according to repairing plot structure model definite movementPath is deposited over repair materials spraying the damage field of damage parts, and the laser three-dimensional profiling that completes damage parts is repaiiedMultiple.
Further, according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein said reparation starting point is chosen asDepression minimum point or the concave edges point of repairing the corresponding damage field of plot structure model, the selfreparing of described laser melting coating head risesInitial point starts progressively to carry out filled type reparation or the side direction from damage field to component surface from the inside of damage fieldOpposite side carries out layer by layer deposition reparation.
Further, according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step (6) specifically comprises followingStep:
Step (6-1): reparation plot structure model definite step (3) is converted to a series of two dimension by slicing delamination technologyContour structure model;
Step (6-2): determine and repair starting point according to the shape and structure feature of two-dimensional silhouette structural model;
Step (6-3): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment load can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding, and willLaser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment moves to position corresponding with described reparation starting point in damage field;
Step (6-4): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment according to the definite two-dimensional silhouette structural model setting laser of step (6-1)The mobile route of cladding head, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position start according to two-dimensional silhouette structural model determineMobile route by the successively deposited damage field that is deposited on damage parts of repair materials, the laser that completes damage parts is verticalBody profiling is repaired.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein in step (6-1), by sectionDelamination software is carried out Slice by slice cutting by repairing plot structure model according to certain thickness, thereby by three-dimensional reparation plot structure modelBe converted to a series of two-dimensional silhouette structural model; Wherein in step (6-4), laser melting coating head is deposited to the individual layer of repair materialsDeposit thickness equals the Slice by slice cutting thickness in step (6-1).
Further, according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step (7) specifically comprises followingStep:
Step (7-1): the outward appearance of the damage parts after step (6) is repaired is carried out 3-D scanning, sets up damage parts and repaiiesPractical structures model after multiple;
Step (7-2): the definite normal structure model of the practical structures model that step (7-1) is obtained and step (1) comparesRight, complete the inspection of damage parts after repairing.
Further, according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein adopt described laser three-dimensional profilingDamage parts after restorative procedure reparation reach more than 98% with respect to the size recovery degree of standard parts and components, repair materials withThe bond strength of base material reaches the more than 95% of the intensity of base material own, and the heat affected area of wound repair is not more than 0.2mm.
Technical scheme of the present invention has following original creation technical characteristic and innovative technology effect:
1), the present invention initiate based on 3-D scanning and ask poor modeling realize damage parts laser three-dimensional profiling reparation,Damage the model data of parts and standard parts and components by utilizing 3-D scanning software to obtain, and both are compared and ask poorObtain the accurate model of area to be repaired, then control digital control system and pass through laser melting coating according to the accurate model of area to be repairedHead is the area to be repaired at damage parts by Powdered or strip repair materials layer by layer deposition, completes the precision of damage partsRepair, owing to can it being repaired according to the accurate moulded dimension of area to be repaired, thereby make to repair more adjunction of sizeNearly life size, after repairing, damage parts can reach more than 98% with respect to the size restoration degree of standard parts and components, repair precisionSurmount existing all recovery techniques, there is wide application in the recovery technique field of valuable parts, precision partsProspect.
2) parts, after repairing by the method for the invention only need effects on surface to polish can to use, joint greatlyEconomize follow-up machining time.
3), the method for the invention in theory can be to any damage field of any parts, any damage shapeRepair, market application foreground is wide.
4), the repair process of the method for the invention adopts 3D printing technique to repair parts damage location, itsRepair materials utilization rate can reach more than 95%, far above traditional renovation technique, the loss late that greatly reduces material with repair intoThis;
5), realize the combination of repair materials and matrix material, this in the repair process of the method for the invention based on laser claddingPlant and be combined into metallurgical binding, have very high bond strength thereby make to repair between district and base material, difficult generation is peeled off or is ftractureedPhenomenon, its bond strength can reach the more than 95% of substrate intensity, and repairing matching materials by selection, even to exceed base material strongDegree;
6), the method for the invention adopts 3D laser printing technology in repair process, repairs district and heat affected area less, top layerMicro-molten depth as shallow, is about 0.05-0.1mm, and heat affected area is not more than 0.2mm, has greatly improved the globality of parts after repairingCan;
7), scheme of the present invention in repair process cladding layer and interface damage rate low, dense structure, and in repair process zeroParts all in lower temperature environment, the workpiece phenomenon that substantially can not deform, whole process does not need preheating simultaneously,Greatly shorten the whole process-cycle.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the normal structure as the standard parts and components of example in laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present inventionModel schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the practical structures model as the damage parts of example in laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present inventionSchematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 is normal structure model and the practical structures mould as example in laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present inventionType is compared and is asked the poor schematic diagram of repairing plot structure model that obtains;
Accompanying drawing 4 is for asking poor that obtain and the corresponding consistent reparation plot structure model of damage parts damage location through accompanying drawing 3 comparisonsSchematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 5 is outside the new product blade of the first embodiment being preferably suitable for as laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present inventionSee structure chart;
Accompanying drawing 6 is the generation damage of the first embodiment of being preferably suitable for as laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present inventionActual blade appearance assumption diagram;
Accompanying drawing 7 be as laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention be preferably suitable for the first embodiment new product blade andThe surface structure model of actual blade is compared and is asked poor schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 8 is for asking the poor reparation plot structure illustraton of model corresponding with actual blade injury position obtaining of processing through accompanying drawing 7 comparisons;
In figure: A-represents to damage the damage location of parts; B-represents that damage location asks the corresponding position in poor process in comparison.
Detailed description of the invention
Below technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail, so that those skilled in the art can be more clearlyUnderstand the present invention, but therefore do not limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention relates to metal or the recovery technique of nonmetal parts, the laser that especially relates to parts damage is verticalBody profiling restorative procedure, below illustrates restorative procedure of the present invention.
A laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure for parts damage, comprises the following steps:
(1), the outward appearance of standard parts and components (new product) corresponding to damage parts is carried out to 3-D scanning, by zero of collection standardThe apparent size data of part, and by Software tool, the normal structure model before setting up parts and damaging, preferred asThe standard appearance assumption diagram of accompanying drawing 1 example shown. In this step, if damage element size is larger, can be only to standard zeroParts scan and set up the normal structure model of area to be repaired corresponding to the position of damage field to be repaired. Three of outward appearanceThe preferred photo taking type optical three-dimensional scanning instrument that adopts existing maturation of dimension scanning carries out, and its structural principle is mainly established by optical grating projectionCCDCamera standby and two technical grades form, by optical grating projection on object to be scanned, and in addition thickness change andMove, coordinate CCDCamera that captured digitized video is seen through to computer software calculation process, can learn object to be scannedActual 3D external form. The three-dimensional scanning measurement equipment that this photo taking type spatial digitizer is a kind of high-speed, high precision, employing beThe complex three-dimensional non-contact measurement scanning technique of integrated structure light technology, phase measurement, computer vision technique, hasThe advantages such as high efficiency, high accuracy, high life, high-res, are specially adapted to complex free curved surface reverse modeling, are mainly used inResearch and development of products design (RD, such as rapid shaping, three-dimensional digital, three dimensional design, 3 D stereo scanning etc.), reverse-engineering (RE,As reverse scanning, reverse engineer) and the three-dimensional CAV that detects.
(2), to damage parts outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, damage the apparent size data of parts by collection,And by Software tool, set up the practical structures model of damage parts, the actual look knot of preferred example as shown in Figure 2Composition, wherein damage location is corresponding to A position pointed. Damage parts are due to odjective cause, in the wearing and tearing of zones of differentDegree is often inconsistent, if to multiple different damage fields all carry out accurate profiling reparation just must obtain comprise damageHinder the overall structure model in region. If damage element size more greatly and is only repaired the damage of certain part wherein, alsoCan be only to comprising that the region of this damage location scans and set up the structural model of area to be repaired, under this kind of prerequisite, correspondenceNormal structure model also should only carry out scanning modeling to the standard parts and components position that comprises area to be repaired, and to ensure bothCorresponding to the integrally-built same position of parts and same reference point.
(3) the actual knot that, utilizes normal structure model that 3-D scanning software obtains step (1) and step (2) to obtainStructure model is compared and is asked poor and process, preferably as shown in Figure 3, contrast ask in poor processing procedure by with damage location phaseThe poor processing of asking of corresponding position B can obtain the reparation plot structure model completely corresponding with parts damage field, as 4, accompanying drawingShow. Comparison is asked in poor process, should on normal structure model and practical structures model, set up suitable contrast reference point or referenceCharacteristic portion. If the cylinder parts in accompanying drawing 3 are with its end face and cylinder axis fixed reference feature position as a comparison, thereby protectCard asks the structural model that difference operation processing obtains can represent the real structure that damage field is to be repaired.
(4), according to the definite reparation plot structure model of step (3) further judge the damage field of damage on parts asProtrude the damage field damage field that still caves in, wherein protrude damage field and refer to that damage location protrudes from standard surface, depressionDamage field refers to that damage location indent is in standard surface, and the wound repair region of damaging parts in described situation is depression damageHinder region, but parts are the damages that also may occur that local extruding is protruded being squeezed sometimes, by normal structureCriterion reference coordinate on model, asks according to comparison that the coordinate of the reparation plot structure model obtaining in difference operation is positive and negative can be sentencedDetermining damage field is to protrude damage field or depression damage field, for protruding damage field execution step (5), for depressionDamage field execution step (6);
(5), the protrusion damage field of damage parts is processed into depression damage field, concrete by machine add process eliminate,Polishing or protrusion position and the peripheral fatigue damage layer (1-3mm) thereof of excavating protrusion damage field, will protrude damage field conversionFor depression damage field, then repeated execution of steps (2);
(6), control the to be repaired damage of laser three-dimensional profiling equipment (being also laser solid forming equipment) at damage partsPosition, Powdered or strip repair materials are deposited over damage location by the reparation plot structure model definite according to step (3), completesRepair. Can represent accurately owing to repairing plot structure model the actual damage structure of damaging parts, therefore based on repairing districtThe deposited reparation of structural model control laser three-dimensional profiling equipment, can precisely repair the damage location of damage partsMultiple. Starting point, initial the clicking of preferred described reparation are selected to repair according to the shape facility of repairing plot structure model by concrete elder generationFor repairing depression minimum point or the concave edges point of the corresponding damage location of plot structure model, be chosen as reparation starting pointBe for the ease of from depression damage field inside progressively to component surface carry out filled type reparation or from depression damage fieldA side progressively successively repair to opposite side, then the laser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment is moved to damageReparation initial point position in region, then based on repair plot structure model control laser melting coating head selfreparing starting point start byAccording to repairing the definite mobile route of plot structure model, Powdered or strip repair materials are deposited over to depression damage location, preferredProgressively outside piece surface, repair from sunk area inside, repair complete depression damage field until fill. FurtherThis step (6) in, described laser three-dimensional profiling equipment is preferably in such a way based on repairing plot structure model to damageThe damage location of parts is repaired:
(6-1): the three-dimensional reparation plot structure model that step (3) is obtained is converted to a series of two by slicing delamination technologyDimension contour structure model, concrete employing slicing delamination software is cut into slices three-dimensional reparation plot structure model according to certain thicknessLayering, lift height approximates the thickness in monolayer of laser spraying deposition, thereby converts three-dimensional information to a series of two-dimensional silhouettesInformation;
(6-2): control laser three-dimensional profiling equipment according to described two-dimensional silhouette structural model by Powdered or strip repair materialsSuccessively deposited deposition (interlayer is combined into metallurgical binding) is at damage parts damage location to be repaired, completes damage partsRepair. Concrete first according to the definite initial point position of repairing of the shape facility of two-dimensional silhouette structural model, be generally and repair depression limitThe obvious point of feature of edge or bottom, then laser three-dimensional profiling equipment being loaded onto can be with damage parts base material strong bondedPowdered or strip repair materials, and its laser melting coating head is moved to and repairs starting point correspondence position, then according to step (6-1) mobile route of a series of two-dimensional silhouette structural models setting laser cladding head in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment of determining, andStart working procedure, control laser melting coating head selfreparing starting point and start the two-dimensional silhouette structural model definite according to slicing delaminationBy the Powdered or strip repair materials successively deposited damage parts damage location to be repaired that is deposited on layer by layer, complete damagingHinder the laser three-dimensional profiling reparation of parts. In repair process, can select suitable repair materials according to actual applying working condition,Also can carry out surface modification to improve product actual life to it, the selected and matching materials of renovation technique parameter is selected in thisDo not describe in detail, can determine according to actual conditions. Because restorative procedure of the present invention can be applicable to zero, metal simultaneouslyThe reparation field of part and nonmetal parts, thus can select repair materials according to the material of reality parts to be repaired, as long asRepair materials under lf can with base material strong bonded.
(7), the reparation district of damage parts is tested and simple grinding process. Can adopt following two kinds of modes itOne damages the last inspection after parts are repaired: (one), contrast are carried out Rough Inspection with reference to drawing to the parts after repairing and tested;(2), in the time of needs Precision Test or when not with reference to drawing, after can again utilizing above-mentioned 3-D scanning software to reparationParts carry out reverse scanning modeling, obtain parts through repair after practical structures model, then by it again with above-mentionedThe normal structure model that step (2) obtains accurately contrasts, and can complete the Precision Test to repairing parts, and obtain zeroShape recovery degree after parts reparation compared with standard original paper. If the reparation recovery degree of the parts after inspection is repaired is discontentedFoot actual operation requirements, can repeat above-mentioned steps (2) to (7), until meet the demands.
The present invention is based on 3-D scanning and ask poor modeling to build the accurate model that damages parts area to be repaired, and baseIn the repair path of accurate model control laser melting coating head, make to repair size and more approach life size, zero of damage after repairingPart can reach more than 98% with respect to the size restoration degree of standard parts and components, repairs precision and has surmounted existing all reparation skillsArt; In the repair process of the method for the invention, realize the combination of repair materials and matrix material based on laser cladding, like this canChoose most suitable repair materials according to the performance of matrix material and repair, be particularly useful under wear resistant corrosion resistant environmental workThe reparation of parts, realizes the direct metallurgical binding between repair materials and base material, and its bond strength can reach 95% of substrate intensityAbove, difficult generation is peeled off or cracking phenomena, and repairs matching materials by selection and even can exceed substrate intensity; With respect to biographySystem renovation technique, the present invention owing to there being clear and definite model to repair size, for large-area machining after repairing before reparationCan substantially omit, only need be after reparation completes carry out simple grinding process and can meet parts effects on surface repairing surfaceThe requirement of fineness and roughness; The repair process of the method for the invention adopts 3D printing technique to enter parts damage locationRow is repaired, and its repair materials utilization rate can reach more than 95%, far above traditional renovation technique, greatly reduces the loss of materialRate and rehabilitation cost; The method of the invention adopts 3D laser printing technology in repair process, and whole technical process is lowerAt temperature, carry out, avoided impact and the distortion on matrix workpiece material mechanical property under high temperature and high pressure environment, repair Qu YureThe zone of influence is less, and the micro-molten depth as shallow in top layer, is about 0.05-0.1mm, and heat affected area is not more than 0.2mm, has greatly improved reparationThe overall performance of rear parts; The method of the invention in theory can be to any damage field of any parts, anyDamage shape is repaired, and market application foreground is wide, especially the recovery technique field to valuable parts, precision partsThere is unique technical advantage. Table 1 has provided employing the method for the invention a large amount of damage parts are repaired after, its combineClose the comparative illustration of performance and two kinds of traditional renovation techniques.
Table 1 kinds of processes repairing performance comparative illustration
| Process program | Cost | Repairing efficiency | Bond strength | Size restoration degree |
| Restorative procedure of the present invention | 30% left and right | Short | ≥95% | ≥98% |
| New part direct replacing method | 100% | — | — | 100% |
| Based on figure paper conversion restorative procedure | 60% left and right | Long | 85%~95% | 80% (generally needing following process) |
The reparation of following metal turbine set blade processed and nonmetallic reduction box casing is example, illustrates institute of the present inventionState the application of method in parts wound repair field.
Embodiment 1
Wound repair and the reproducing method of the turbine set blade to metal material (stainless steel), specifically comprise the following steps:
(1), treat the new product blade outward appearance that reblading is corresponding and carry out 3-D scanning, gather new part apparent size data, formNew product blade standard surface structure model as shown in Figure 5;
(2), the damage location for the treatment of reblading carries out 3-D scanning, gathers the sized data that defaces, form as 6, accompanying drawingThe damaged blade actual look structural model showing;
(3), utilize 3-D scanning software GeomagicStudio to 6, the standard surface structure model shown in accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawingThe actual look structural model data of showing are compared and are asked poor, and comparison is asked poor process as shown in Figure 7, dark-shaded whereinPart, corresponding to the wound repair district of blade, is asked and is differed from and export the reparation plot structure model obtaining shown in accompanying drawing 8.
(4), reverse repairs after plot structure model with slicing delamination software model by certain thickness slicing delamination, therebyThree-dimensional corresponding blade injury position is repaired to section model and convert a series of two-dimensional silhouette information to;
(5), subsequently under the control of digital control system, with laser three-dimensional profiling equipment LSF4000 by PH17-4 powder material according to two dimensionProfile information layer by layer deposition, at the damage location of blade, completes the reparation of damaged blade;
(6), to blade profiling repair district test, can utilize 3-D scanning software to repair after blade carry out reverse scanningModeling, and carry out accurate comparison test with the new product blade shown in accompanying drawing 5.
Embodiment 2
The reducer shell of non-metallic material is repaired and is manufactured, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1), new product reducer shell outward appearance corresponding to reducer shell to be repaired carried out to 3-D scanning, gather new part outward appearance chiVery little data, form new product reducer shell normal structure model;
(2), the damage location of reducer shell to be repaired is carried out to 3-D scanning, gather the sized data that defaces, form and damageHinder reducer shell practical structures model;
(3), utilize new product normal structure model and the damage knot of 3-D scanning software GeomagicStudio to reducer shellStructure model is compared and is asked poor, obtains the reparation plot structure model of reducer shell damage location.
(4), reverse repairs after plot structure model with slicing delamination software model by certain thickness slicing delamination, therebyThree-dimensional corresponding reducer shell damage location is repaired to section model and convert a series of two-dimensional silhouette information to;
(5), subsequently under the control of digital control system, with laser three-dimensional profiling equipment, CubeX3D takes turns ABS silk material according to two dimensionWide information layer by layer deposition, at the damage location of reducer shell, completes the reparation of damage reducer shell;
(6), to reducer shell profiling repair district test, can utilize 3-D scanning software to repair after reducer shellCarry out reverse scanning modeling, and carry out accurate comparison test with the master pattern of new product reducer shell.
As a comparison, the present invention's damaged blade is repaired according to traditional machining processes technique specially, andWith the renovation technique Comprehensive Correlation of enforcement one and enforcement two, as shown in table 2, therefrom visible laser three-dimensional profiling of the present invention is repaiiedThe combination property of compound method is better than traditional renovation technique far away.
The reparation assay contrast of table 2 to damaged blade and damage the decelerator body
。
The visible parts of repairing by the method for the invention, have higher bond strength and more completely size is extensiveMultiplicity, and can select according to demand repair materials, to reach the object that promotes component surface overall performance. Due to the present inventionAdopt reverse profile copying technology, and ask the pattern of poor accurate calculation parts restoring area by comparison, greatly reduced after reparationThe machining time of parts greatly reduces the repairing efficiency of parts simultaneously. And renovation technique of the present inventionHeat input is little, and in whole repair process, parts increasing extent of temperature is little, has effectively improved the thermal deformation of parts in repair processSituation, recovery technique of the present invention can be widely used in the wound repair of each type component.
Below be only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, technical scheme of the present invention be not limited toThis, any known distortion that those skilled in the art do on the basis of major technique design of the present invention all belongs to the present inventionClaimed technology category, the concrete protection domain of the present invention is as the criterion with the record of claims.
Claims (10)
1. a laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure for parts damage, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), the outward appearance of standard parts and components corresponding to damage parts is carried out to 3-D scanning, set up parts and damageNormal structure model before wound;
Step (2), to damage parts outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, obtain damage parts practical structures model;
The practical structures model that step (3), the normal structure model that step (1) is obtained and step (2) obtain is compared and is askedPoor processing, obtains the reparation plot structure model completely corresponding with the damage field that damages parts;
Step (4), the reparation plot structure model obtaining according to step (3) are judged the type of impairment on damage parts, for damagePosition, traumatic part is with respect to the outwardly male type of parts normal surface damage execution step (5), for damage location with respect toThe inner concave shape damage execution step (6) that parts normal surface caves inward;
Step (5), the male type damage processing of damage parts is processed into inner concave shape damage, then repeated execution of steps (2)To step (4);
Step (6), control laser three-dimensional profiling equipment according to the definite reparation plot structure model of step (3) to damage partsDamage field carries out laser cladding reparation;
Step (7), to step (6) repair after damage parts test.
2. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein in step (1) to standardA part of outward appearance of parts scans, and Criterion structural model, and this part outward appearance of standard parts and components is corresponding to damageHinder parts the outward appearance position of damaging occurs; The outward appearance position that wherein in step (2), damage parts is occurred to damage carries out threeDimension scanning, obtains practical structures model, and described practical structures model and described normal structure model are corresponding to parts entiretySame structure position.
3. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, wherein said step (4)In, by Criterion reference frame on normal structure model, then according to just repairing the residing coordinate of plot structure modelBear to judge the type of impairment of damage parts.
4. according to the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that wherein said step(5), in, male type damage location cut, polished together with the fatigue damage layer of its periphery or excavate processing and process, and makingIt caves inward with respect to parts normal surface, so that male type damage is converted to inner concave shape damage.
5. according to the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure described in claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that, wherein step (6)Specifically comprise the following steps:
Step (6-1): determine and repair starting point according to the shape and structure feature of repairing plot structure model;
Step (6-2): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment load can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding, and willLaser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment moves in damage parts damage field corresponding with described reparation starting pointPosition;
Step (6-3): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment according to the definite reparation plot structure model specification laser melting coating of step (3)The mobile route of head, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position and start according to repairing plot structure model definite movementPath is deposited over repair materials spraying the damage field of damage parts, and the laser three-dimensional profiling that completes damage parts is repaiiedMultiple.
6. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described reparation starting point is chosen asDepression minimum point or the concave edges point of repairing the corresponding damage field of plot structure model, the selfreparing of described laser melting coating head risesInitial point starts progressively to carry out filled type reparation or the side direction from damage field to component surface from the inside of damage fieldOpposite side carries out layer by layer deposition reparation.
7. according to the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure described in claim 1-6 any one, it is characterized in that, wherein step (6)Specifically comprise the following steps:
Step (6-1): reparation plot structure model definite step (3) is converted to a series of two dimension by slicing delamination technologyContour structure model;
Step (6-2): determine and repair starting point according to the shape and structure feature of two-dimensional silhouette structural model;
Step (6-3): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment load can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding, and willLaser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment moves to position corresponding with described reparation starting point in damage field;
Step (6-4): in laser three-dimensional profiling equipment according to the definite two-dimensional silhouette structural model setting laser of step (6-1)The mobile route of cladding head, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position start according to two-dimensional silhouette structural model determineMobile route by the successively deposited damage field that is deposited on damage parts of repair materials, the laser that completes damage parts is verticalBody profiling is repaired.
8. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 7, is characterized in that, wherein, in step (6-1), passes throughSlicing delamination software carries out Slice by slice cutting by repairing plot structure model according to certain thickness, thereby by three-dimensional reparation plot structureModel conversion is a series of two-dimensional silhouette structural model; The wherein individual layer of laser melting coating head to repair materials in step (6-4)Deposited deposit thickness equals the Slice by slice cutting thickness in step (6-1).
9. according to the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure described in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, wherein step (7) is specifically wrappedDraw together following steps:
Step (7-1): the outward appearance of the damage parts after step (6) is repaired is carried out 3-D scanning, sets up damage parts and repaiiesPractical structures model after multiple;
Step (7-2): the definite normal structure model of the practical structures model that step (7-1) is obtained and step (1) comparesRight, complete the inspection of damage parts after repairing.
10. according to the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure described in claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, adopt described laser three-dimensionalDamage parts after the reparation of profiling restorative procedure reach more than 98% with respect to the size recovery degree of standard parts and components, repair materialMaterial reaches the more than 95% of the intensity of base material own with the bond strength of base material, and the heat affected area of wound repair is not more than 0.2mm.
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