CN105597816A - Catalyst used for preventing and controlling haze and nitrogen oxides pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst used for preventing and controlling haze and nitrogen oxides pollution at the same time. The catalyst comprises a carrier, an active ingredient, and a catalyst promoter; the carrier is a mixture of zeolite and manganese dioxide nanorod; in the zeolite skeleton structure, Si/(Si+Al+P) molar ratio is controlled to be 0.20; the active ingredient is a mixture of titanium dioxide and cerium oxide, Ti/Ce molar ratio is controlled to be 4:3, the titanium dioxide is anatase crystal, and the weight amount of the active ingredient accounts for 0.3 to 10% of that of the catalyst; the catalyst promoter is a mixture of silver and ferric oxide, Ag/Fe molar ratio is controlled to be 2:5, and the weight amount of the catalyst promoter accounts for 0.3 to 6% of that of the catalyst. The catalyst can be arranged in closed venues or sprayed onto the exterior of buildings, and possesses excellent preventing and controlling effects on large area haze.

Description

A kind of catalyst of preventing and treating haze and nitrogen oxides pollution

Technical field

The present invention relates to catalyst technical field, be specifically related to a kind of catalyst of preventing and treating haze.

Background technology

Haze weather is a kind of atmosphere pollution state, and haze is to various suspended particulate substance content overproofs in atmosphereGeneral statement, especially PM2.5 (aerodynamics equivalent diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5 microns)Be considered to cause " arch-criminal " of haze weather.

Mist is by the aerosol systems that is suspended in a large number small water droplet in surface air or ice crystal and forms. ManyComing across autumn and winter season, is the ground layer water in air vapour product of (or sublimating) that condenses. The existence meeting of mistReduce air transparency, visibility is worsened, if the horizontal visibility of object is reduced in 1000 meters,Just the weather phenomenon that is suspended in condensation vapor (or sublimating) thing in surface air is called to mist (Fog).

Haze, also claims the grains such as the airborne dust of gray haze (smog), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, organic carbon hydrogen compoundSon also can make atmosphere muddiness. The horizontal visibility of object is called gently in this phenomenon of 1000-10000 riceMist or mist (Mist). While forming mist, atmospheric humidity should be saturated (while existence if any a large amount of nuclei of condensation, relativelyHumidity not necessarily reach 100% just may occur saturated). Due to the light of the mist scattering of aqueous water or ice crystal compositionLittle with wavelength relationship, thereby mist seems to be creamy white or Bluish white and grey. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxidationThing and pellet are the chief components of haze.

2013, " haze " became annual keyword. In the January of this year, 4 times haze process shrouds 30Individual province (district, city), in Beijing, only having 5 days is not haze sky. There is report to show, 500 of Largest In ChinaIn individual city, only reach the air quality standard of world health organisation recommendations less than 1% city, same therewithTime, polluting in the world 10 the most serious cities has 7 in China.

The harm that haze produces human body is as follows:

(1) impact on respiratory system

The constituent of haze is very complicated, comprises hundreds of Atmospheric Chemistry particulate matters. The master of being wherein harmful to healthIf the particulate that diameter is less than 10 microns, as mineral grain thing, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate,Organic aerosol particle, fuel and automobile exhaust gas etc., it can directly enter and stick to human respiratory tract and lungIn bubble. Especially submicron particle can be deposited on respectively in upper and lower respiratory tract and alveolar, causes acute rhinitisWith illnesss such as acute bronchitis. For bronchial astehma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema and slowThe chronic respiratory disease patients such as property obstructive disease of lung, haze weather can make state of an illness acute attack or acuteIncrease the weight of. If also can bring out lung cancer in this environment for a long time.

(2) impact on cardiovascular system

Haze sky is also very serious on the impact of human body cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, can hinder normal blood circulation, leadsCause cardiovascular disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, may bring out angina pectoris, miocardial infarction, heart failureExhaust etc., make chronic bronchitis occur cor pulmonale etc.

In addition, thick fog weather pressure ratio is lower, and people can produce a kind of sensation of agitation, and blood pressure can increase naturally to some extentHigh. On the one hand often temperature is lower the greasy weather again, some hypertension, patients with coronary heart disease from warm indoor suddenlyGo to the outdoor of cold, blood vessel expands with heat and contract with cold, and also can make blood pressure raise, and causes sending out of apoplexy, myocardial infarctionRaw. The careful reply so heart and brain blood patient must take medicine on time.

And in outside atmosphere, due to the tail gas of fuel-engined vehicle, and various coal-burning boiler and gas fired-boilerFume emission, exceeds standard the nitrogen oxide in atmosphere.

At present, to the improvement of atmospheric environment, mainly concentrate on the concentrated improvement of flue gas, and for atmospheric environment,The particularly mixture of haze and nitrogen oxide, does not have suitable governance way.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to propose a kind of catalyst of simultaneously preventing and treating haze and nitrogen oxides pollution, this is urgedAgent can be for vehicle-mounted waste gas purification, or in vehicle-mounted filter and filter core of automotive air-conditioner, can be effectively cleanChange haze and nitrogen oxide.

For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:

Prevent and treat a catalyst for haze and nitrogen oxides pollution, described catalyst comprises carrier, active componentAnd co-catalyst.

Described carrier is zeolite and manganese dioxide nano-rod, Si/ in the skeleton structure of zeolite (Si+Al+P) mol ratioBe 0.20, the mass ratio of described zeolite and manganese dioxide nano-rod is 2:1-1:2.

Described active component is the mixture of titanium dioxide and cerium oxide, and the mol ratio of Ti and Ce is 4:3, andDescribed titanium dioxide is anatase crystal. The weight content of described active component in catalyst is0.3%-10%, preferably 0.5-%-8%, more preferably 2%-5%. For example, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%,3％、3.5％、4％、4.5％、5％、5.5％、6％、6.5％、7％、7.5％。

Described co-catalyst is silver and di-iron trioxide, and the mol ratio of Ag and Fe is 2:5, described co-catalystWeight content in catalyst is 0.3%-6%, preferably 0.5%-5%. For example, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%,2％、2.5％、3％、3.5％、4％、4.5％、5％、5.5％。

Preferably, the weight ratio of described active component and co-catalyst is 5:1～2:1. For example 4.5:1,4:1,3.5:1、3:1、2.5:1。

The preparation method of described catalyst can take conventional infusion process and other alternatives, this areaTechnical staff can freely select according to the prior art of its grasp, and the present invention repeats no more.

The present invention is by choosing specific zeolite and manganese dioxide nano-rod as carrier, and chooses specific ratioThe Ti/Ce of example is as active component, and Ag/Fe, as co-catalyst, makes this catalyst produce cooperative effect,Make this catalyst reach 100% to the control of haze is efficient, simultaneously active high, be convenient to arrange Ke YiSealing venue is arranged or is sprayed at facade, can play good prevention effect to large-scale haze.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention describes catalyst of the present invention by following embodiment.

Embodiment 1

Prepare catalyst by infusion process, carrier is zeolite and manganese dioxide nano-rod, the quality of the twoThan being 1:1, Si/ in the skeleton structure of zeolite (Si+Al+P) mol ratio is 0.20, and active component is titanium dioxideThe mixture of titanium and cerium oxide, the mol ratio of Ti and Ce is 4:3, and described titanium dioxide is anatase crystal,The weight content of described active component in catalyst is 5%, and co-catalyst is silver and di-iron trioxide, AgWith the mol ratio of Fe be 2:5, the weight content of described co-catalyst in catalyst is 2%.

Described catalyst being sprayed to the indoor interior wall of sealing, is to window for 300 o'clock at PM2.5, makes indoorPM2.5, with outdoor identical, closes the doors and windows, and after 1 hour, tests PM2.5, and its value is only 12, nitrogen oxideAll drop to below 0.1 milligram/cubic metre with the content of oxysulfide, be far smaller than GB/T18883-2002 regulationThe requirement of IAQ standard.

Comparative example 1

The carrier of embodiment 1 is replaced with to manganese dioxide nano-rod, and all the other conditions are constant, the PM2.5 after 1 hourValue is 32, and the value of nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide is all higher than 1 milligram/cubic metre.

Comparative example 2

The Ce of embodiment 1 is replaced with to La, and all the other conditions are constant, and the PM2.5 value after 1 hour is 48,The value of nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide is all higher than 1 milligram/cubic metre.

Comparative example 3

The Fe of embodiment 1 is replaced with to Co, and all the other conditions are constant, and the PM2.5 value after 1 hour is 32,The value of nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide is all higher than 1 milligram/cubic metre.

Comparative example 4

The carrier of embodiment 1 is replaced with to active carbon, and all the other conditions are constant, and the PM2.5 value after 1 hour is56, the value of nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide is all higher than 1 milligram/cubic metre.

Comparative example 5

The carrier of embodiment 1 is replaced with to zeolite of the present invention, and all the other conditions are constant, the PM2.5 after 1 hourValue is 14, and the value of nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide is all higher than 0.5 milligram/cubic metre.

, between several components of catalyst of the present invention, there is specific contact in above-described embodiment and comparative example explanation,Omit or replace wherein one or more, all can not reach the application's certain effects, prove that it has produced associationSame effect.

Applicant's statement, the present invention illustrates catalyst of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is alsoBe not limited to above-mentioned catalyst, do not mean that the present invention must rely on above-mentioned detailed catalysts and could implement.Person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, any improvement in the present invention is each former to product of the present inventionThe selections of the equivalence replacement of material and the interpolation of auxiliary element, concrete mode etc., all drop on protection model of the present inventionWithin enclosing and disclosing scope.

Claims (5)

1. a catalyst of simultaneously preventing and treating haze and nitrogen oxides pollution, described catalyst comprises carrier, workProperty component and co-catalyst, is characterized in that,

Described carrier is the mixture of zeolite and manganese dioxide nano-rod, in the skeleton structure of zeoliteSi/ (Si+Al+P) mol ratio is 0.20, and the mass ratio of zeolite and manganese dioxide is 1:2-2:1;

Described active component is the mixture of titanium dioxide and cerium oxide, and the mol ratio of Ti and Ce is 4:3, andDescribed titanium dioxide is anatase crystal, and the weight content of described active component in catalyst is0.3％-10％；

Described co-catalyst is silver and di-iron trioxide, and the mol ratio of Ag and Fe is 2:5, described co-catalystWeight content in catalyst is 0.3%-6%.

2. catalyst as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described active component is in catalystWeight content is 0.5-%-8%.

3. catalyst as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described active component is in catalystWeight content is 2%-5%.

4. catalyst as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described co-catalyst is in catalystWeight content is 0.5%-5%.

5. catalyst as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described active component and co-catalystWeight ratio is 5:1～2:1.