CN105594573A - Method for shortening juvenile phase of potted commodity camellia flowers - Google Patents
Method for shortening juvenile phase of potted commodity camellia flowers Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594573A CN105594573A CN201610116867.2A CN201610116867A CN105594573A CN 105594573 A CN105594573 A CN 105594573A CN 201610116867 A CN201610116867 A CN 201610116867A CN 105594573 A CN105594573 A CN 105594573A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for shortening a juvenile phase of potted commodity camellia flowers. The method comprises the steps of cutting propagation of seedlings, potting, management after potting, pot combination and management and disease and pest prevention and control. The method enables the camellia flowers to rapidly grow within a short period of time, a potted flower production period is shortened from 3-4 years of traditional grafting and cultivation to 18 months, the juvenile phase of the potted camellia flowers is remarkably shortened, the planting cost of the potted commodity camellia flowers is reduced, and meanwhile the shortcoming that pathogen spreading of cultivation soil and difficult killing of soil protozoons are adverse to export customs clearance is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to woody ornamentais cultural method technical field, be specifically related to a kind of camellia commodity that shortenThe method of virgin phase of potted flower.
Background technology
Camellia belongs to Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (Camellia) plant, is the famous tradition of ChinaFamous flower is also world-renowned famous and precious ornamental flower. Its pattern gorgeous changeable, flower Rong Jiaomei, heavy foliage is greyGreen, do not wither through the winter, liked by the people of various countries. China has abundant camellia resource, camellia industry send outExhibition potentiality are very large.
The potted flower of camellia produces and has reached fairly large at present, but great majority plantation enterprise and peasant household still continue to useTraditional soil cultivation is cultivated camellia potted flower. The camellia of soil cultivation not only poor growth, virgin phase is longer,From seed germination to plant blossom, need 5～6 years even longer time, cause the camellia potted flower production cycleLong, potted flower holds at high price, and is difficult to come into huge numbers of families, adds soil cultivation easily spread disease insect pest, diseaseSource bacterium and Soil Protozoan are difficult for killing, and are unfavorable for the outlet problem such as be open to the custom, and have seriously restricted camellia industryDevelopment. For this reason, the soilless culture method of camellia potted flower has been inquired into by many plantation enterprises and peasant household, and adoptsThe method of grafting shortens the virgin phase of potted plant camellia, but the soilless culture of China's camellia research is still touched in startingIn the rope stage, lack the soilless culture management method supporting, suitable with soilless culture substrate, and the training of stockEducate and need 1～2 year, after grafting survival, cultivating into commodity potted flower also needs 2-3, even the longer time. CauseThis, if can adopt a series of cultivation technique to make the ramp in a short time of potted plant camellia, shorten potted plant teaThe virgin phase of flower, comparatively fast cultivate into commodity potted flower, will greatly reduce the planting cost of potted plant camellia, promote camelliaIndustry development.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the virgin long technical problem of phase of camellia commodity potted flower, a kind of shortening camellia commodity basin is providedThe method of child selling flowers's phase. Technical solution of the present invention comprises as follows: after the cottage propagation of seedling, upper basin, upper basin, manageReason, group basin and management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(1) cottage propagation of seedling
Installation high-voltage density fog automatic sprayer and seedbed, seedbed Nei Pu be set in water white plastic greenhousePut by peat and perlite by peat: perlitic volume ratio is the matrix that 2:1 mixes, JuneAt the beginning of the end～7 month, clip without on the camellia maternal plant of disease and pest then raw semi-lignified branch be cuttings, insertNatural wind after fringe base portion dips in 8～10s in the root-growing agent that contains 0.8～1.0%IBA and 5% thiophanate methylDry, then insert in medium of seedling bed, water permeable; During cottage propagation, control temperature in plastic greenhouse and be 20～30 DEG C, relative air humidity is 80～90%; Every 10 days, be that 0.1% thiophanate methyl is molten with mass fractionLiquid and mass fraction are that 0.1% Bravo solution alternately sprays and carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(2) upper basin
Mid-October, by the transplantation of seedlings of step (1) cuttage root-taking kind in the 10*10cm that soilless culture substrate is housedPot for growing seedlings in, every alms bowl one strain, waters once permeablely immediately after transplanting, and pot for growing seedlings is moved into water whiteIn plastic greenhouse; Described soilless culture substrate for by peat and perlite according to peat: perlite volume ratio is 2:1Ratio mix or by peat and coconut palm chaff according to peat: the ratio that the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff is 1:1 mixes;
(3) after upper basin, manage
1. illumination control: build above seedling controlled light intensity on seedling after basin in two weeks with sunshade netBe 10000～15000lx, after in growth period of camellia, intensity of illumination is controlled at 33000～45000lxBetween;
2. temperature control: after upper basin then to May next year, in booth day temperature be controlled at 15～30 DEG C itBetween, nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C; June next year after upper basin, in booth, day temperature was controlled to JulyBetween 20～28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C; After August next year after upper basin, booth temperature on interior daytimeDegree is controlled between 15～30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C;
3. water management
A. go up after basin then, water weekly 2 times permeable;
B. go up January next year after basin to February, water weekly 1 time permeable;
C. go up March next year after basin to May, water weekly 2～3 times permeable;
D. go up June next year after basin to July, water weekly 1～2 time permeable;
E. go up August next year after basin to October, water weekly 2～3 times permeable;
4. fertilising
A. while going up basin, execute Controlled Release Fertilizer one time, in mass fraction, in described Controlled Release Fertilizer, N is 20%, P2O5For10％，K2O is 10%, and amount of application and the application process of this Controlled Release Fertilizer are: every pot for growing seedlings is executed 1.5～2.0g instituteState Controlled Release Fertilizer, described Controlled Release Fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields to soilless culture substrate top layer in pot for growing seedlings, and and pot for growing seedlingsThe soilless culture substrate of endosexine 2～3cm mixes;
Do not apply fertilizer January November then to next year of B. going up after basin;
C. go up February next year after basin to May, every 10 days pot for growing seedlings plant root water execute one time 100～The mixed solution I of 150ml, and with described mixed solution I to plant foliage-spray once; Described mixing is moltenLiquid I is that to contain mass fraction be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that 0.1% full water soluble fertilizer and mass fraction are 0.02%The aqueous solution, in mass fraction, the N in the full water soluble fertilizer in described mixed solution I is 20%,P2O5Be 10%, K2O is 20%;
D. go up mid-April next year after basin, execute the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A of a step (3), controlled releaseFertile amount of application and 4. A of the same step of application process (3);
E. go up June next year after basin to August, every 10 days pot for growing seedlings plant root water execute one time 100～The mixed solution II of 150ml, and with described mixed solution II to plant foliage-spray once; Described mixing is moltenLiquid II is that to contain mass fraction be 0.04% full water soluble fertilizer and the mass fraction potassium dihydrogen phosphate that is 0.08%The aqueous solution, in mass fraction, the N in the full water soluble fertilizer in described mixed solution II is 20%, P2O5Be 10%, K2O is 20%;
F. go up September next year after basin to October, every 15 days with 4. mixed solution described in E of step (3)II is watered and is executed 100～150ml every pot for growing seedlings plant root, and with 4. mixed solution described in E of step (3)II to plant foliage-spray once;
5. trimming and finishing
A. pinching: at the beginning of 2 months next years after upper basin, extract terminal bud;
B. prune: May next year after upper basin, the part that cuts off branch and stretch out tree crown;
C. dredge flower bud: the next year after upper basin by the end of July, retains 1～2 bud on a branch, cut off all the other flowersFlower bud;
(4) group basin and management
Mid-November next year after upper basin, in the pot for growing seedlings of above-mentioned 10*10cm, select plant height 20～35cm, branch is more than 2, and individual plant contains 2～4 buds after dredging flower bud, is being equipped with without the plantlet of transplant of disease and pestIn the pot for growing seedlings of the 18*18cm of soilless culture substrate, the pot for growing seedlings of each 18*18cm is transplanted 2～3 strain institutesThe plant of selecting, the nothing described in the soilless culture substrate in the pot for growing seedlings of described 18*18cm and step (2)Soil cultivation matrix is identical, and group is executed the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A of a step (3) when basin, the executing of this Controlled Release Fertilizer4. A of the same step of consumption and application process (3), waters once permeablely immediately after transplanting, and cultivation is had to 2～3 strain teaThe pot for growing seedlings of 18*18cm of flower is placed in and in water white plastic greenhouse, carries out maintenance;
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
March next year after upper basin, the thiophanate methyl that was 0.12% with mass fraction every 15 days was molten to AugustThe carbendazim solution that liquid, mass fraction are 0.12%, the Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.12% are alternately to plantingStrain sprays, all the other times, every 1 month be 0.12% with mass fraction thiophanate methyl solution, matterThe carbendazim solution that amount mark is 0.12%, the Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.12% alternately carry out plantSpray.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, utilize the seedling of cottage propagation directly to cultivate into potted flower, without cultivating the stock used of grafting, and pass throughStock is cultivated grafting incubation florist commodity potted flower and is compared, and saves 1 year cultivation time more than half.
2, utilize soilless culture substrate and accurate, standardized illumination, temperature, moisture, fertilising, group basin etc.The synergy of control measures, makes camellia growth rapidly, and bud differentiation is smooth, and plant strain growth stalwartness, from skewerBe inserted into bloom before only 18 months, significantly shortened virgin phases of camellia commodity potted flowers, than prior art shortening the juvenile phase1 year more than half, significantly reduce the planting cost of camellia commodity potted flowers.
3, the camellia of cultivation is organized to basin and management, make commodity potted flower plant type plentiful, significantly improved potted flowerQuality, has improved the ornamental value of camellia.
4, overcome camellia earth cultivating soil biography pathogeny bacterium and Soil Protozoan and be difficult for killing, be unfavorable for outletThe problem of being open to the custom.
5, the inventive method can precisely operate, the commodity camellia potted flower of suitable for industrial, large-scale production, forIndustrialization camellia potted flower produces provides technical support.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation, but be not to limit of the present inventionFixed, correcting within the scope of the present invention all or that be equal in the scope of the invention is all included in the invention. Following realityExecuting example is conventional method without specified otherwise, and in each embodiment, material therefor and equipment are commercially available. Implement groundPoint: Kunming, Yunnan Province, longitude E:102O41', latitude N:25O01', height above sea level 1920m.
Embodiment 1: taking camellia kind ' Parkes ' as example, the present invention is described further:
(1) cottage propagation of seedling
Installation high-voltage density fog automatic sprayer and seedbed, seedbed Nei Pu be set in water white plastic greenhousePut by peat and perlite by peat: perlitic volume ratio is the matrix that 2:1 mixes, JuneThe end,, clip is cuttings without giving birth to semi-lignified branch then on the camellia maternal plant of disease and pest, and cuttings base portion existsIn the root-growing agent that contains 0.8%IBA and 5% thiophanate methyl, dip in natural air drying after 8～10s, then insert seedbedIn matrix, water permeable; High pressure density fog automatic sprayer carries relative air humidity and measures probe, can rootAccording to needs, relative air humidity scope is set, automatically starts spray time and the frequency and make relative air humidity controlWithin the required range, during cottage propagation, the temperature of controlling in plastic greenhouse is 20～30 DEG C, and air is relatively wetDegree is 80～90%, if plastics temperature of shed is greater than 30 DEG C, sprays water by high pressure density fog automatic sprayerCooling if temperature is lower than temperature required, is installed hot water heating pipe-line equipment or other measure and is improved canopy in canopyInterior temperature; Every 10 days, be that 0.1% thiophanate methyl solution and mass fraction are 0.1% with mass fractionBravo solution alternately sprays and carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control; The described life that contains 0.8%IBA and 5% thiophanate methylThe preparation method of root agent: the alcohol that is first 95% by a small amount of volume fraction dissolves 0.8 gram of IBA, adds 5Gram 75% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, then add distilled water to be settled to 100ml. Described mass fraction isThe preparation method of 0.1% thiophanate methyl solution: according to 1 kg of water, add 1.0 gram of 70% methyl TobeTianjin wettable powder mixes. Described mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.1% Bravo solution: according to1 kg of water, adds 1.0 gram of 75% Bravo wettable powder to mix.
(2) upper basin
Cuttage is mid-October then, by the transplantation of seedlings of step (1) cuttage root-taking kind in soilless culture substrate is housedThe pot for growing seedlings of 10*10cm in, every alms bowl one strain, waters once permeablely immediately after transplanting, and pot for growing seedlings is moved intoIn water white plastic greenhouse; Described soilless culture substrate be by peat and coconut palm chaff according to peat: the volume of coconut palm chaffThan mixing for the ratio of 1:1;
(3) after upper basin, manage
1. illumination control: build above seedling controlled light intensity on seedling after basin in two weeks with sunshade netBe 10000～15000lx, after in growth period of camellia, intensity of illumination is controlled at 33000～45000lxBetween;
2. temperature control: after upper basin then to May next year, control in booth day temperature 15～30 DEG C itBetween, nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C; To July, control day temperature in booth and exist June next year after upper basinBetween 20～28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C; After August next year after upper basin, control booth words spoken by an actor from offstageIt temperature is between 15～30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C. If plastics temperature of shed is greater than30 DEG C, by high pressure density fog automatic sprayer spray cooling, if temperature is lower than temperature required, in canopy, pacifyDress hot water heating pipe-line equipment or other measure improve temperature of shed;
3. water management
A. go up after basin then, plant starts growth, every weekly interval water 2 times permeable, water water spacer at every turn2～3 days;
B. go up January next year after basin to February, camellia plant, in semidormancy state, is watered weekly 1 time thoroughlyWater;
C. go up March next year after basin to May, camellia starts to sprout young sprout, and rapidly, every weekly interval waters in growth2 times permeable, waters water spacer 2～3 days at every turn;
D. go up June next year after basin to July, camellia starts to carry out bud differentiation, water weekly 1 time permeable;
E. go up August next year after basin to October, camellia continues growth, every weekly interval water 2 times permeable, eachWater water spacer 2～3 days;
4. fertilising
A., while going up basin, execute Ai Beishi (APEX) Controlled Release Fertilizer of Xin Pulao company of a U.S. production, with qualityMark meter, in described Controlled Release Fertilizer, N is 20%, P2O5Be 10%, K2O is 10%, the amount of application of this Controlled Release Fertilizer andApplication process is: every pot for growing seedlings is executed Controlled Release Fertilizer described in 1.5g, and described Controlled Release Fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in pot for growing seedlingsSoilless culture substrate top layer, and mix with the soilless culture substrate of pot for growing seedlings endosexine 2～3cm.
B. go up January November then to next year after basin, camellia plant strain growth is slow, in semidormancy state,Do not apply fertilizer.
C. go up February next year after basin to May, within every 10 days, water and execute 100ml one time at every pot for growing seedlings plant rootMixed solution I, after plant root has applied fertilizer, carries out foliage-spray one to plant by described mixed solution IInferior, till foliage-spray amount is dripped with blade; Described mixed solution I be contain mass fraction be 0.1% completeWater soluble fertilizer and mass fraction are the aqueous solution of 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in mass fraction, described inN in full water soluble fertilizer in mixed solution I is 20%, P2O5Be 10%, K2O is 20%;
The described mass fraction that contains is the biphosphate that 0.1% full water soluble fertilizer and mass fraction are 0.02%The preparation method of the aqueous solution of potassium: according to 1 kg of water, add 1 gram of full water soluble fertilizer and 0.2 gram of phosphoric acidPotassium dihydrogen, mixes.
D. go up mid-April next year after basin, execute the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A of a step (3), Controlled Release FertilizerAmount of application and 4. A of the same step of application process (3).
E. go up June next year after basin to August, within every 10 days, water and execute 100ml one time at every pot for growing seedlings plant rootMixed solution II, after plant root has applied fertilizer, carries out foliage-spray to plant by described mixed solution II,Till foliage-spray amount is dripped with blade; Described mixed solution II is 0.04% entirely water-soluble for containing mass fractionThe aqueous solution of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that property fertilizer and mass fraction are 0.08%, in mass fraction, described mixingN in full water soluble fertilizer in solution II is 20%, P2O5Be 10%, K2O is 20%; The described quality that containsMark is the preparation side of the aqueous solution of 0.04% full water soluble fertilizer and the mass fraction potassium dihydrogen phosphate that is 0.08%Method: according to 1 kg of water, add 0.4 gram of full water soluble fertilizer and 0.8 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix andBecome.
F. go up September next year after basin to October, every 15 days with 4. mixed solution described in E of step (3)II is watered and is executed 100ml every pot for growing seedlings plant root, after plant root has applied fertilizer, by step (3) 4. in EDescribed mixed solution II is to plant foliage-spray, till foliage-spray amount is dripped with blade.
5. trimming and finishing
A. pinching: at the beginning of 2 months next years after upper basin, extract terminal bud, stimulate axillary bud sprouting, form side shoot;
B. prune: in May next year after upper basin, cut off branch and stretch out the branch of excessive growth of tree crown;
C. dredge flower bud: the next year after upper basin, camellia bud manifested, and retains 1～2 flower on a branch by the end of JulyFlower bud, cuts off all the other buds, in order to avoid disperse nutrition.
(4) group basin and management
Mid-November next year after upper basin, the pot for growing seedlings of above-mentioned 10cm*10cm (be bore 10cm,The pot for growing seedlings of high 10cm) in select plant height at 20～35cm, branch is more than 2, individual plant dredges after flower bud containing 2～4 buds, without the plantlet of transplant of disease and pest in the pot for growing seedlings of 18*18cm that soilless culture substrate is housed,It is selected that the pot for growing seedlings (being bore 18cm, the pot for growing seedlings of high 18cm) of each 18*18cm is transplanted 2～3 strainsThe plant of selecting, described in the soilless culture substrate in the pot for growing seedlings of described 18*18cm and step (2) without soilCultivation matrix is identical; Group is executed the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A of a step (3), the amount of application of this Controlled Release Fertilizer when basinWith 4. A of the same step of application process (3); After transplanting, water immediately once permeablely, and cultivation is had to 2～3 strain camelliasThe pot for growing seedlings of 18*18cm is placed in water white plastic greenhouse and carries out maintenance, gets final product list marketing before the Spring Festival.
(5) step (3) is to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of step (4)
The camellia prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, to put prevention first, to August, used matter March next year after upper basin every 15 daysThe thiophanate methyl solution that amount mark is 0.12%, carbendazim solution, the mass fraction that mass fraction is 0.12%Be that 0.12% Bravo solution alternately sprays plant, all the other times go up after basin after supreme basin timeYear February, and September next year after upper basin to before blooming, every 1 month first that is 0.12% with mass fractionThe carbendazim solution that base thiophanate solution, mass fraction are 0.12%, the Bravo that mass fraction is 0.12% are moltenLiquid alternately sprays plant.
Described mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.12% thiophanate methyl solution: according to 1 kg of water, addEntering 1.2 gram of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder mixes.
Described mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.12% carbendazim solution: according to 1 kg of water, add 1.2Gram 50% carbendazol wettable powder mixes.
Described mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.12% Bravo solution: according to 1 kg of water, add 1.2Gram 75% Bravo wettable powder mixes.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is except following measures difference, and all the other measures are identical with embodiment 1.
(1) cottage propagation of seedling
At the beginning of 7 months, clip is without the raw semi-lignified then on camellia kind ' strong perfume (or spice) ' maternal plant of disease and pestBranch is as cuttings, and the root-growing agent that cuttings base portion dips in is to contain taking root of 1.0%IBA and 5% thiophanate methylAgent.
(2) upper basin
Soilless culture substrate in the pot for growing seedlings of 10*10cm be by peat and perlite according to peat: perliteVolume ratio be 2:1 ratio mixes.
(3) after upper basin, manage
3. water management
C. go up March next year after basin to May, every weekly interval water 3 times permeable, water water spacer 1～2 at every turnMy god;
D. go up June next year after basin to July, every weekly interval water 2 times permeable, water water spacer 2～3 at every turnMy god;
E. go up August next year after basin to October, every weekly interval water 3 times permeable, water water spacer 1～2 at every turnMy god;
4. fertilising
A., while going up basin, the Controlled Release Fertilizer of executing is that every pot for growing seedlings is executed 2.0g;
C. within every 10 days, water and execute 150ml mixed solution I one time at every pot for growing seedlings plant root;
E. within every 10 days, water and execute 150ml mixed solution II one time at every pot for growing seedlings plant root.
F. every 15 days with step (3) 4. the II of mixed solution described in E every pot for growing seedlings plant root is watered and is executed150ml。
Embodiment 3
Except the camellia kind of selecting is for ' beautiful faery ', all the other cultivation steps are identical with embodiment 1, no longerRepeat.
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention and meticulous illumination for the various embodiments described above, temperature, moisture, fertilising,The synergy of the management such as group basin, makes camellia growth rapidly, and bud differentiation is smooth, plant strain growth stalwartness, basinFlower plant type is plentiful, and commodity value is high. Start to calculate with cuttage by the end of June, cuttage is callus after 25～30 daysStart to form, after 60 days, start to take root, after 80-100 days, cuttage seeding is 1.5～3cm at base portion formation diameterRoot ball. Next year after upper basin manifests bud by the end of July, and organize basin mid-November next year after upper basin, after upper basinDecember next year～3rd can be used as the direct list marketing of commodity potted flower year January, i.e. seedling skewer from late JuneSlotting breeding is to calculating before blooming the virgin phase, and its virgin phase only needs 18 months, and the listing of blooming of existing camellia potted flower cultureNeed 3～4 years. The present invention has significantly shortened the virgin phase of camellia commodity potted flowers, has significantly reduced camellia commodity potted flowerPlanting cost.
Claims (1)
1. shorten the camellia commodity potted flower method of virgin phase, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) cottage propagation of seedling
Installation high-voltage density fog automatic sprayer and seedbed, seedbed Nei Pu be set in water white plastic greenhousePut by peat and perlite by peat: perlitic volume ratio is the matrix that 2:1 mixes, JuneAt the beginning of the end～7 month, clip without on the camellia maternal plant of disease and pest then raw semi-lignified branch be cuttings, insertNatural wind after fringe base portion dips in 8～10s in the root-growing agent that contains 0.8～1.0%IBA and 5% thiophanate methylDry, then insert in medium of seedling bed, water permeable; During cottage propagation, control temperature in plastic greenhouse and be 20～30 DEG C, relative air humidity is 80～90%; Every 10 days, be that 0.1% thiophanate methyl is molten with mass fractionLiquid and mass fraction are that 0.1% Bravo solution alternately sprays;
(2) upper basin
Cuttage is mid-October then, by the transplantation of seedlings of step (1) cuttage root-taking kind in soilless culture substrate is housedThe pot for growing seedlings of 10*10cm in, every alms bowl one strain, waters once permeablely immediately after transplanting, and pot for growing seedlings is moved intoIn water white plastic greenhouse; Described soilless culture substrate be by peat and perlite according to peat: pearl rock massLong-pending than mix for 2:1 ratio or by peat and coconut palm chaff according to peat: the ratio that the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff is 1:1Mix;
(3) after upper basin, manage
1. illumination control: build above seedling controlled light intensity on seedling after basin in two weeks with sunshade netBe 10000～15000lx, after in growth period of camellia, intensity of illumination is controlled at 33000～45000lxBetween;
2. temperature control: after upper basin then to May next year, in booth day temperature be controlled at 15～30 DEG C itBetween, nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C; June next year after upper basin, in booth, day temperature was controlled to JulyBetween 20～28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C; After August next year after upper basin, booth temperature on interior daytimeDegree is controlled between 15～30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C;
3. water management
A. go up after basin then, water weekly 2 times permeable;
B. go up January next year after basin to February, water weekly 1 time permeable;
C. go up March next year after basin to May, water weekly 2～3 times permeable;
D. go up June next year after basin to July, water weekly 1～2 time permeable;
E. go up August next year after basin to October, water weekly 2～3 times permeable;
4. fertilising
A. while going up basin, execute Controlled Release Fertilizer one time, in mass fraction, in described Controlled Release Fertilizer, N is 20%, P2O5For10％，K2O is 10%, and amount of application and the application process of this Controlled Release Fertilizer are: every pot for growing seedlings is executed 1.5～2.0g, willDescribed Controlled Release Fertilizer evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields soilless culture substrate top layer in pot for growing seedlings, and with pot for growing seedlings endosexine 2～3cmSoilless culture substrate mix;
Do not apply fertilizer January November then to next year of B. going up after basin;
C. go up February next year after basin to May, every 10 days every pot for growing seedlings plant root water execute one time 100～The mixed solution I of 150ml, and by described mixed solution I to plant foliage-spray; Described mixed solution IFor containing the water that mass fraction is 0.1% full water soluble fertilizer and the mass fraction potassium dihydrogen phosphate that is 0.02%Solution, in mass fraction, the N in the full water soluble fertilizer in described mixed solution I is 20%, P2O5For10％，K2O is 20%;
D. go up mid-April next year after basin, execute the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A of a step (3), controlled release4. A is identical with step (3) with application process for fertile amount of application;
E. go up June next year after basin to August, within every 10 days, water and execute once at every pot for growing seedlings plant rootThe mixed solution II of 100～150ml, and by described mixed solution II to plant foliage-spray; Described mixing is moltenLiquid II is that to contain mass fraction be 0.04% full water soluble fertilizer and the mass fraction potassium dihydrogen phosphate that is 0.08%The aqueous solution, in mass fraction, the N in the full water soluble fertilizer in described mixed solution II is 20%, P2O5Be 10%, K2O is 20%;
F. go up September next year after basin to October, every 15 days by the 4. II of mixed solution described in E of step (3)Every pot for growing seedlings plant root is watered and executes 100～150ml, and by the 4. II pair of mixed solution described in E of step (3)Plant foliage-spray;
5. trimming and finishing
A. pinching: at the beginning of 2 months next years after upper basin, extract terminal bud;
B. prune: May next year after upper basin, the part that cuts off branch and stretch out tree crown;
C. dredge flower bud: the next year after upper basin by the end of July, retains 1～2 bud on a branch, cut off all the other flowersFlower bud;
(4) group basin and management
Mid-November next year after upper basin, in the pot for growing seedlings of above-mentioned 10*10cm, select plant height 20～35cm, branch is more than 2, and individual plant contains 2～4 buds after dredging flower bud, is being equipped with without the plantlet of transplant of disease and pestIn the pot for growing seedlings of the 18*18cm of soilless culture substrate, the pot for growing seedlings of each 18*18cm is transplanted 2～3 strain institutesThe plant of selecting, the nothing described in the soilless culture substrate in the pot for growing seedlings of described 18*18cm and step (2)Soil cultivation matrix is identical, and group is executed the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A of a step (3) when basin, the executing of this Controlled Release Fertilizer4. A of the same step of consumption and application process (3), waters once permeablely immediately after transplanting, and cultivation is had to 2～3 strain teaThe pot for growing seedlings of 18*18cm of flower is placed in and in water white plastic greenhouse, carries out maintenance;
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
March next year after upper basin, the thiophanate methyl that was 0.12% with mass fraction every 15 days was molten to AugustThe carbendazim solution that liquid, mass fraction are 0.12%, the Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.12% are alternately to plantingStrain sprays, all the other times, every 1 month be 0.12% with mass fraction thiophanate methyl solution, matterThe carbendazim solution that amount mark is 0.12%, the Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.12% alternately carry out plantSpray.
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| CN110383993A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-29 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | A kind of efficient cuttage breeding method of camellia simple bud |
| CN113261490A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-17 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for quickly cultivating miniature camellia potted flowers |
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