CN105571478A - Piezoelectric vibration cylinder icing sensor and method for measuring icing condition thereof - Google Patents
Piezoelectric vibration cylinder icing sensor and method for measuring icing condition thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105571478A CN105571478A CN201510983866.3A CN201510983866A CN105571478A CN 105571478 A CN105571478 A CN 105571478A CN 201510983866 A CN201510983866 A CN 201510983866A CN 105571478 A CN105571478 A CN 105571478A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B7/063—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using piezoelectric resonators
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of airplane icing detection, and specifically relates to a piezoelectric vibration cylinder icing sensor and a method for measuring icing condition thereof. Problems that most of the conventional icing sensors only provide icing threshold signals, the thickness of an ice layer cannot be effectively monitored in real time, the sensitivity is low, the size and the mass are large, and the requirements of miniaturization and intelligence of the sensors are hard to be met are solved. The piezoelectric vibration cylinder icing sensor comprises a vibration cylinder, the vibration cylinder is regarded as a resonance sensitive element, an inner wall of the vibration cylinder is pasted with two piezoelectric ceramics respectively serving as a piezoelectric actuating element and a piezoelectric pickup element, an insulation thermal conduction film is grown on an inner wall of the vibration cylinder, an electrothermal film is grown on the insulation thermal conduction film, and two ends of the electrothermal film are equipped with silver electrodes. The equivalent mass of the vibration cylinder is changed by icing so that the natural frequency is changed; and the measurement of the thickness of the ice layer is realized via the detection of the natural frequency of the vibration cylinder. According to the sensor and the method thereof, the precision is high, the reliability is good, the size is small, the power consumption is low, the structure is simple, the production is easy, and the measurement is free of the influence of the external magnetic field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft icing detection, be specifically related to a kind of method of piezoelectric type vibration cylinder freezing sensor and the icing situation of measurement thereof, be arranged on the region that aircraft easily freezes, with the icing situation of real-time survey aircraft.
Background technology
Aircraft icing detection is that aircraft freezes the important component part of guard system, is the key equipment of new passenger aircraft indispensability, is that aircraft is advanced, the embodiment of economy and security.
Aircraft freezes and not only can cause the increase of aircraft weight, and its aerodynamic configuration can be made to be damaged, and causes flight resistance to increase, and handling stability can decline, and when freezing serious, also may occur serious aircraft accident.Therefore need easily to produce icing region at aircraft and the situation that freezing sensor freezes with real-time survey aircraft is installed, and carry out the operation of deicing control system according to the icing information that sensor feeds back.
Vibratory drilling method freezing sensor utilizes icing this principle of vibrating mass vibration frequency that can change to detect freezing, the more mainly magnetostriction icing detection sensor of application and flat diaphragm type freezing sensor at present.The resonant circuit of this kind of sensor produces alternating magnetic field, vibration tube produces magnetostriction under the influence of a magnetic field and vibrates, vibration frequency passes through feedback network positive feedback to excitation chain, make resonance on the axial natural frequency of vibration tube, the resonance frequency of such circuit just contains the information of the axial natural vibration frequency of vibration tube, become the outside reflection of the axial natural vibration frequency of vibration tube, thus realizing circuit is to its detection.Theoretical according to vibration again, when detecting head surface has ice sheet, the natural frequency of probe can the proportional reduction along with the thickening of ice sheet, and the offset Δ f therefore by detecting resonance frequency just can draw the thickness of ice sheet.
Magnetostriction icing detection sensor intensity is high, good reliability, stable performance.Shortcoming self needs heating, and minimum to detect ice layer thickness also very not sensitive.
The resonance frequency of a kind of piezoelectric effect based on piezoelectric ceramics of flat diaphragm type freezing sensor and inverse piezoelectric effect and solid is along with rigidity and the change of quality and the ice sensor of the principles such as change.Its volume is little, solid, can flush and be arranged on aerofoil surface, these positions of empennage leading edge, windscreen, antenna, radome.Device is stablized, and measuring accuracy is high.The shortcoming of this device is the impact such as structure that measuring accuracy is subject to piezoelectric, sensor, and under the quality factor difference of material also causes similarity condition, measurement range is restricted.
To sum up, existing freezing sensor great majority only provide icing threshold signal, effectively can not monitor the thickness of ice sheet in real time, and sensitivity are low, and volume, quality are comparatively large, are difficult to adapt to sensor microminiaturization, intelligentized requirement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention only provides icing threshold signal to solve existing freezing sensor great majority, effectively can not monitor the thickness of ice sheet in real time, and sensitivity is low, volume, quality are larger, be difficult to the problem adapting to sensor microminiaturization, intelligent requirements, provide a kind of piezoelectric type vibration cylinder freezing sensor.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of piezoelectric excitation vibrating barrel freezing sensor, involving vibrations cylinder, cylinder base assembly and circuit board assemblies, take vibrating barrel as resonant sensitive element, the edge that vibrating barrel inboard wall stress is concentrated is 180 ° along vibrating barrel radial direction and is pasted with two piezoelectric ceramic pieces, piezoelectric ceramic piece draws connecting circuit board component at positive electrode welding enameled conducting wire by the insulator bottom the responant diaphragm that is welded on vibrating barrel, and two piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively as piezoelectric excitation element and piezoelectricity pickup device; Vibrating barrel inwall above piezoelectric ceramic piece grows one deck insulating heat-conductive film, then on insulating heat-conductive film, one deck Electric radiant Heating Film is grown, silver electrode (4) is equipped with at Electric radiant Heating Film two ends, and silver electrode welding enameled conducting wire draws connecting circuit board component by the insulator be welded on bottom responant diaphragm.
Cylinder base assembly adopts the parelinvar identical with vibrating barrel, and cylinder base assembly and vibrating barrel are by being connected the collar (6) vacuum electron beam welding, and circuit board assemblies (9) is fixed on cylinder base assembly (7) by screw.
Piezoelectric excitation vibrating barrel freezing sensor measures the method for the situation of freezing, and it is characterized in that: ice layer thickness
tried to achieve by following formula:
R is the after vibration cylinder external diameter that freezes, vibrating barrel external diameter when r is not icing, and k is scale factor,
for vibrating barrel quality,
for vibrating barrel natural frequency, H is vibrating barrel length,
for the density of ice,
When detecting head surface has ice sheet, the natural frequency of probe
can the proportional reduction along with the thickening of ice sheet.Scale factor k is constant, determines in natural frequency according to each sensor; The thickness of ice sheet is drawn, when the resonance frequency of excitation chain is reduced to threshold value by the variable quantity of natural frequency
time, the heater circuit automatically connecting sensor carries out deicing, until when resonance frequency returns to the value without icing condition, automatically disconnect heater circuit, stop heating, circuit unit, by frequency acquisition delta data, resolves icing rate.
The present invention adopts vibrating barrel as the sensitive element of detection ice layer thickness, and the vibration frequency by vibrating barrel measures ice layer thickness in real time.Freeze and change the equivalent mass of vibrating barrel, thus change its natural frequency.The measurement to ice layer thickness just can be realized by the natural frequency detecting vibrating barrel.
After connecting circuit, vibrating barrel produces vibration under the effect of exciting piezoelectric patches, vibration frequency passes through the positive feedback of pick-up piezoelectric patches to excitation chain, make excitation chain resonance on the axial natural frequency of probe, when detecting head surface has ice sheet, vibrating barrel equivalent mass changes, and its natural frequency can change along with the change of ice sheet, therefore just can be drawn the thickness of ice sheet by the variable quantity of natural frequency.
Precision of the present invention is high, good reliability, and volume is little, low in energy consumption, structure simple, be easy to produce the impact not being vulnerable to external magnetic field, and vibrating cylinder sensor size constantly reduces in recent years, can meet the requirement of sensor miniaturization.Vibrating barrel, as elastic resonant element, has the plurality of advantages such as signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that is low in energy consumption, output signal is high, strong interference immunity, measuring repeatability are good, lag error is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention,
In figure: 1-vibrating barrel, 2-insulating heat-conductive film, 3-Electric radiant Heating Film, 4-silver electrode, 5-piezoelectric ceramic piece, 6-connects the collar, 7-cylinder base assembly, 8-screw, 9-circuit board assemblies.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, piezoelectric excitation vibrating barrel freezing sensor, involving vibrations cylinder 1, cylinder base assembly 7 and circuit board assemblies 9, with vibrating barrel 1 for resonant sensitive element, the edge that vibrating barrel 1 inboard wall stress is concentrated be that conductive epoxy is gluing posts two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 5 in 180 ° of employings along vibrating barrel radial direction, piezoelectric ceramic piece 5 draws connecting circuit board component at positive electrode welding enameled conducting wire by the insulator bottom the responant diaphragm that is welded on vibrating barrel, and two piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively as piezoelectric excitation element and piezoelectricity pickup device; Vibrating barrel 1 inwall above piezoelectric ceramic piece 5 grows one deck insulating heat-conductive film 2, then on insulating heat-conductive film 2, one deck Electric radiant Heating Film 3 is grown, silver electrode 4 is equipped with at Electric radiant Heating Film 3 two ends, and silver electrode 4 is welded enameled conducting wire and drawn connecting circuit board component by the insulator be welded on bottom responant diaphragm.
Cylinder base assembly 7 adopts the parelinvar identical with vibrating barrel 1, select frequency-temperature coefficient and the extremely low constant modulus alloy of temperature coefficient of the elastic modulus, can eliminate temperature stress preferably, cylinder base and vibrating barrel, by being connected the collar 6 vacuum electron beam welding, effectively can ensure the stability of vibrating barrel.Circuit board assemblies 9 is fixed on cylinder base assembly by screw 8.
Piezoelectric excitation vibrating barrel freezing sensor is using the probe of vibrating barrel as sensor, after connecting circuit, vibrating barrel produces vibration under the effect of exciting piezoelectric patches, vibration frequency passes through the positive feedback of pick-up piezoelectric patches to excitation chain, make excitation chain resonance on the axial natural frequency of probe, when detecting head surface has ice sheet, vibrating barrel equivalent mass changes, its natural frequency can be proportional along with the thickening of ice sheet reduction, therefore just can be drawn the thickness of ice sheet by the variable quantity of natural frequency.When the resonance frequency of excitation chain is reduced to threshold value
time, the heater circuit automatically connecting sensor carries out deicing, until when resonance frequency returns to the value without icing condition, automatically disconnect heater circuit, stops heating.By frequency acquisition delta data, resolve icing rate.
Vibrating barrel freezing sensor is the close loop resonance system of a positive feedback, after product switches on power, in amplifier, intrinsic noise produces randomly pulsed phase signal, this signal is added on exciting piezoelectric patches, pulsating force is produced by inverse piezoelectric effect, barrel is forced to be out of shape, make vibrating barrel with low amplitude vibrations, pick-up piezoelectric patches experiences cylindrical shell vibration, and produce electric signal by direct piezo electric effect, after amplification, phase shift, feed back to excitation end excitation cylindrical shell and make its resonant condition entering rapidly large amplitude until amplitude balance, vibrating barrel makes continuous vibration with its resonance frequency.When vibration cylinder surface has ice sheet, vibrating barrel equivalent mass changes, and natural frequency also changes thereupon, and pick-up piezoelectric patches is by this change of impression, change electric signal into and send into amplifying circuit through amplification, shaping, export the frequency signal becoming a funtcional relationship with by measuring pressure.The natural frequency of vibrating barrel can reduce pro rata along with the thickening of ice sheet, therefore just can be drawn the thickness of ice sheet by the variable quantity of circuit resonant frequencies.Ice layer thickness
tried to achieve by following formula:
R is the after vibration cylinder external diameter that freezes, vibrating barrel external diameter when r is not icing, and k is scale factor, and H is vibrating barrel length,
for the density of ice,
for vibrating barrel quality.
Along with vibrating barrel equivalent mass changes, the reduction that its natural frequency can be proportional along with the thickening of ice sheet, therefore just can draw the thickness of ice sheet by the variable quantity of natural frequency.When the resonance frequency of excitation chain is reduced to threshold value
time, the heater circuit automatically connecting sensor carries out deicing, until when resonance frequency returns to the value without icing condition, automatically disconnect heater circuit, stops heating.Circuit unit, by frequency acquisition delta data, resolves icing rate.
Embodiment: vibrating barrel internal diameter r is 12mm, vibrating barrel quality m
gfor 15g, length is 60mm,
for 0.8g/cm
3, the scale factor k that this sensor is corresponding is 8.0917 × 10
4, be 25.00kHz without icing condition lower frequency, can try to achieve icing thickness d by above formula is 0cm.When natural frequency is changed to 18.677kHz, ice layer thickness (adopting long measure to be cm in formula) can be obtained by formulae discovery:
When icing thickness is 1mm, send to circuit board assemblies alarm signal of freezing, connect heater circuit and carry out deicing.By gathering from the rate of change without icing condition to icing thickness being this process medium frequency of 1mm, resolve icing rate.
Claims (3)
1. a piezoelectric excitation vibrating barrel freezing sensor, it is characterized in that: involving vibrations cylinder (1), cylinder base assembly (7) and circuit board assemblies (9), with vibrating barrel (1) for resonant sensitive element, the edge that vibrating barrel (1) inboard wall stress is concentrated is 180 ° along vibrating barrel radial direction and is pasted with two piezoelectric ceramic pieces (5), piezoelectric ceramic piece (5) draws connecting circuit board component at positive electrode welding enameled conducting wire by the insulator bottom the responant diaphragm that is welded on vibrating barrel, and two piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively as piezoelectric excitation element and piezoelectricity pickup device; Vibrating barrel (1) inwall of piezoelectric ceramic piece (5) top grows one deck insulating heat-conductive film (2), then at insulating heat-conductive film (2) upper growth one deck Electric radiant Heating Film (3), silver electrode (4) is equipped with at Electric radiant Heating Film (3) two ends, and silver electrode (4) welding enameled conducting wire draws connecting circuit board component by the insulator be welded on bottom responant diaphragm.
2. piezoelectric excitation vibrating barrel freezing sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cylinder base assembly (7) adopts the parelinvar identical with vibrating barrel (1), cylinder base assembly (7) and vibrating barrel are by being connected the collar (6) vacuum electron beam welding, and circuit board assemblies (9) is fixed on cylinder base assembly (7) by screw (8).
3. the measurement that piezoelectric excitation vibrating barrel freezing sensor according to claim 1 and 2 completes is frozen the method for situation, it is characterized in that: ice layer thickness
tried to achieve by following formula:
R is the after vibration cylinder external diameter that freezes, vibrating barrel external diameter when r is not icing, and k is scale factor,
for vibrating barrel quality,
for vibrating barrel natural frequency, H is vibrating barrel length,
for the density of ice,
When detecting head surface has ice sheet, the natural frequency of probe
meeting proportional reduction along with the thickening of ice sheet; Scale factor k is constant, determines in natural frequency according to each sensor; The thickness of ice sheet is drawn, when the resonance frequency of excitation chain is reduced to threshold value by the variable quantity of natural frequency
time, the heater circuit automatically connecting sensor carries out deicing, until when resonance frequency returns to the value without icing condition, automatically disconnect heater circuit, stop heating, circuit unit, by frequency acquisition delta data, resolves icing rate.
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106989894A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of anti-icing five-hole probe |
CN107132278A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-05 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | A kind of polycylindser array icing detection method |
CN108008217A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-08 | 武汉航空仪表有限责任公司 | A kind of icing heater function detecting method |
CN108169819A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-06-15 | 太原航空仪表有限公司 | A kind of subcooled water content measuring method based on resonant mode icing detector |
CN108180819A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-19 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on magnetoelastic material |
CN109436338A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-08 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | De-icing device and anti-deicing control method based on the device |
CN110017800A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-16 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method and device detecting icing thickness |
CN110081807A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-02 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of ice layer thickness detection system and its detection method based on resonant mode piezoelectric ceramics |
CN110260835A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-20 | 天津理工大学 | A kind of method and device using intrinsic frequency measurement included-angle-changeable angle |
CN110567357A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Dynamic strain piezoelectric ceramic icing detection sensor |
CN111141203A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-05-12 | 武汉航空仪表有限责任公司 | Icing warning box based on frequency difference circuit |
CN112896525A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-06-04 | 太原航空仪表有限公司 | Resistance type icing detector |
CN114771871A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for debugging icing sensor of air inlet channel, sensor and control system |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106989894A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of anti-icing five-hole probe |
CN107132278A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-05 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | A kind of polycylindser array icing detection method |
CN108008217A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-08 | 武汉航空仪表有限责任公司 | A kind of icing heater function detecting method |
CN108169819A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-06-15 | 太原航空仪表有限公司 | A kind of subcooled water content measuring method based on resonant mode icing detector |
CN108180819A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-19 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on magnetoelastic material |
CN109436338B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-05-06 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Anti-icing and deicing device and anti-icing and deicing control method based on same |
CN109436338A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-08 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | De-icing device and anti-deicing control method based on the device |
CN110017800A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-16 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method and device detecting icing thickness |
CN110081807A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-02 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of ice layer thickness detection system and its detection method based on resonant mode piezoelectric ceramics |
CN110260835A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-20 | 天津理工大学 | A kind of method and device using intrinsic frequency measurement included-angle-changeable angle |
CN110260835B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-03-16 | 天津理工大学 | Method and device for measuring variable included angle by using natural frequency |
CN110567357A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Dynamic strain piezoelectric ceramic icing detection sensor |
CN111141203A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-05-12 | 武汉航空仪表有限责任公司 | Icing warning box based on frequency difference circuit |
CN112896525A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-06-04 | 太原航空仪表有限公司 | Resistance type icing detector |
CN114771871A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for debugging icing sensor of air inlet channel, sensor and control system |
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