CN1055652C - Time-controlled grinding method and apparatus - Google Patents
Time-controlled grinding method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1055652C CN1055652C CN93110617A CN93110617A CN1055652C CN 1055652 C CN1055652 C CN 1055652C CN 93110617 A CN93110617 A CN 93110617A CN 93110617 A CN93110617 A CN 93110617A CN 1055652 C CN1055652 C CN 1055652C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a time control grinding method and a device. A common grinding machine, a measuring instrument and a control device are used, namely that the automatic control of the whole grinding process can be realized. The present invention has the control principle that the relationship among the workpiece grinding rate, the radial grinding force, a grinding speed and the grinding power is used, the workpiece grinding rate is effectively calculated or controlled in real time, and thereby, the workpiece grinding amount can be effectively controlled through time control so as to limit the finished size of a machining workpiece. The surface grinding and machining quality of the workpiece can be ensured, and the whole control device is greatly simplified. The power consumption is reduced, and the productivity is greatly improved. The present invention is used for modifying the common grinding machine, the structure of a machine tool does not need to be greatly changed, and the modification cost is low. The present invention has the advantag of high practicability, and is convenient for popularization and application.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method for grinding and device, specifically is a kind of time-controlled grinding method and device, utilizes general-purpose grinder can realize the automatic control of grinding process.
Present grinding processing method adopts the method regulate several grinding dosages such as work speed Vw, cutting-in amount of feeding fr, polishing width B respectively to come processing work, adjusts comparatively trouble, generally is artificial adjustment, is not easy to realize automation.Most now grinding work is still under the condition of single-piece, small lot batch manufacture to be finished; according to statistics; under the small lot batch manufacture condition; 20% of the whole quota times of grinding machine are used for adjusting; and there is the grinding machine about 25% to allow grinding machine shut down or idle running inefficiency for carrying out adjustment work.
From other present various method for grinding, all can not effectively control, thereby limit the raising of productivity ratio the workpiece resection rate.U.S. Pat 355303 (Derwent document go into to hide number be 83-766202/38) discloses a kind of grinding machine control method, be to utilize the rate of depreciation of emery wheel and the relation between the feeding rate of workpiece is controlled grinding, this method is simple, but grinding accuracy is not high.The grinding machine constraint Adaption Control System of Wisconsin (Wisconsin) the university development of describing in " Principle of Grinding and Cutting and technology " (book number is 15412.17) book by the publication of publishing house of Hunan University in August, 1986, this system adopts power that the way that changes grinding wheel speed makes actual consumption near the predetermined electric power limit, thereby keeps roughly more constant than metal resection rate.This system utilizes emery wheel planker and two kinds of position feedback informations of probe planker, by control device according to the required last size of workpiece that deposited in, send the instruction that emery wheel planker position is revised, and probe feeds back to the actual size that the feedback information of control device has been represented workpiece, in case workpiece has reached the last size of regulation, control device just makes the emery wheel planker return fast.This system's working (machining) efficiency height.Precision is also quite high, and can control grinding power is certain value, but for grinding.Chip deformation and the two kinds of effects of friction during from grinding of total grinding force, chip deformation power and frictional force all will consume grinding power, grinding force sharply changes along with the passivation of emery wheel in grinding process, the control grinding power is constant, and can not to control the workpiece resection rate constant, actual workpiece resection rate can not calculate in this system simultaneously, therefore can not adopt time-controlled grinding.Can think, this system is a kind of auxiliary, approximate control device to the control of grinding power, and it mainly is that the actual size of workpiece is carried out FEEDBACK CONTROL, this point makes whole system structure more complicated again, the cost of manufacture costliness of itself, be unfavorable for promoting the use of, also do not meet domestic a large amount of general-purpose grinder, the limited national conditions of scrap build expense.Germany patent (DT 2537630) discloses a kind of grinding control method, the i.e. resection rate of measuring workpieces material in grinding process, the variable that practical work piece resection rate and computer is given is compared, being moved by the control of the difference between practical work piece resection rate and predetermined dose value feed arrangement, is zero until difference; Preferably measure tangential grinding force and convert signal to, when signal surpasses arranged standard, lower variable; This method does not fit into the automation grinding under single-piece, the small lot condition, can not realize time-controlled grinding.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and device that utilizes general-purpose grinder can realize controlling automatically grinding, by calculating in real time effectively and control to workpiece excision amount V, to limit the last size of processing work, and its essence is calculating or control workpiece resection rate W is a technological core, and the operator is finishing with grinding time-controlled grinding process only.The present invention can guarantee the surfacing crudy of workpiece, makes the The whole control device simplify greatly again.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of grinding control device provided by the present invention, hereinafter to be referred as device A, be by the main shaft speed change drive unit 3 that is used for transmission, control emery wheel 2 feedings or the feed arrangement that falls back, measure the device for pressure measurement of grinding force Fy, drive emery wheel 2 motor rotating 6, measure the tachometer 7 of motor 6 real-time rotating speeds, measure the watt meter 8 of motor 6 instantaneous powers, realize that data are handled and the control device of the unified control of each parts 9 constitutes, wherein control device 9 internal storage datas and system controlling software, it respectively with feed arrangement, device for pressure measurement, motor 6, tachometer 7, watt meter 8 links, feed arrangement respectively with main shaft speed change drive unit 3, device for pressure measurement links, motor 6 respectively with main shaft speed change drive unit 3, tachometer 7, watt meter 8 links; Device for pressure measurement, tachometer 7, watt meter 8 measured parameters are all delivered to control device 9 processing and are controlled feed arrangement and motors 6 by control device 9.
Wherein control device 9 can be a computer, or other calculation control device that has memory and have programmability.Feed arrangement can add that hydraulic cylinder 11 constitutes by hydraulic system 10, and device for pressure measurement can adopt Pressure gauge 16, and hydraulic system 10 wherein links with control device 9, Pressure gauge 16, hydraulic cylinder 11 respectively, and hydraulic cylinder 11 links with main shaft speed change drive unit 3.
Another kind of grinding control device provided by the invention, be designated hereinafter simply as device B, be by the main shaft speed change drive unit 3 that is used for transmission, drive emery wheel 2 motor rotating 6, measure the tachometer 7 of motor 6 real-time rotating speeds, measure the watt meter 8 of motor 6 instantaneous powers, realize that data are handled and the control device 9 of the unified control of each parts, the radial feed of control emery wheel 2 or the motor 12 that falls back, rotatablely moving of motor 12 is converted into straight-line feed box 13, be used to measure dynamometry top 14 and dynamometer 15 formations of grinding force Fy, wherein control device 9 internal storage datas and system controlling software, it respectively with motor 6, tachometer 7, watt meter 8, motor 12 and dynamometer 15 link, feed box 13 respectively with main shaft speed change drive unit 3, motor 12 links, motor 6 respectively with tachometer 7, watt meter 8, main shaft speed change drive unit 3 links, and dynamometer 15 and two dynamometry top 14 in workpiece 1 both sides link; Tachometer 7, watt meter 8 and dynamometer 15 measured parameters are all delivered to control device 9 processing and are controlled motor 6 and motors 12 by control device 9.A compares with device, the feed arrangement of device B is by the radial feed or the motor 12 that falls back of control emery wheel 2, rotatablely moving of motor 12 is converted into straight-line feed box 13 constitutes, device for pressure measurement then is made of the dynamometry top 14 and the dynamometer 15 that are used to measure grinding force Fy, motor 12 links with control device 9, feed box 13 respectively, feed box 13 links with main shaft speed change drive unit 3, and dynamometer 15 links with control device 9, two dynamometry top 14 in workpiece 1 both sides respectively.
Time-controlled grinding method provided by the present invention comprises the following step:
(1) the concrete size of elder generation's measurement processing work 1 before the processing;
(2) with the concrete size input control device 9 of workpiece 1, calculate workpiece excision amount V1 by control device 9 according to the last size of processing work 1, perhaps the direct input control device 9 of workpiece excision amount V1 that will calculate according to the concrete size and the last size of workpiece 1;
(3) workpiece 1 is installed grinding machine;
(4) beginning grinding;
(5) each measuring instrument is started working simultaneously, measure grinding force Fy, grinding power Pm, grinding speed K and be input to control device 9, control device 9 is again in conjunction with being prior-entered at wherein workpiece 1 and the coefficientoffriction between the emery wheel 2, excising the required energy C of smear metal of unit volume
F, calculate instantaneous workpiece resection rate W.Computing formula is:
(6) control device 9 carries out digital integration calculating, calculates workpiece excision amount V, and computing formula is:
When workpiece excision amount V reached predetermined value V1, control device 9 sent instruction to feed arrangement, makes emery wheel 2 withdraw from grinding; At this moment, b is the post-set time of emery wheel 2, and a is the grinding zero-time, and the grinding time of working control is: t=b-a.
The present invention provides a kind of constant time-controlled grinding method of workpiece resection rate W that keeps again, and it comprises following steps:
(1) the concrete size of elder generation's measurement processing work 1 before the processing;
(2) with the concrete size input control device 9 of workpiece 1, calculate workpiece excision amount V1 by control device 9 according to the last size of workpiece 1, perhaps the direct input control device 9 of workpiece excision amount V1 that will calculate according to the concrete size and the last size of workpiece 1 is imported a predetermined workpiece resection rate W1 to control device 9 again simultaneously;
(3) workpiece 1 is installed grinding machine;
(4) beginning grinding;
(5) each measuring instrument is started working simultaneously, measure grinding force Fy, grinding power Pm, grinding speed K and input control device 9, control device 9 again in conjunction be prior-entered at wherein workpiece 1 and the coefficientoffriction between the emery wheel 2, the required energy CF of smear metal of excision unit volume, calculate instantaneous workpiece resection rate W, compare with predetermined W1, if difference arranged then send instruction to feed arrangement or motor 6 by control device 9, to change grinding force Fy or grinding speed K, make instantaneous workpiece resection rate W consistent with predetermined workpiece resection rate W1, the formula that calculates instantaneous workpiece resection rate W is as follows:
(6) through the grinding of certain hour t, workpiece excision amount V=W * t, when V reaches predetermined value V1, that is during t=V1/W1, control device 9 sends instruction to feed arrangement, and emery wheel 2 withdraws from grinding.
The present invention can utilize general-purpose grinder, control device 9 in addition, and measuring instrument such as device for pressure measurement, tachometer 7, watt meter 8, or Pressure gauge 16, dynamometer 15, dynamometry top 14 etc., formation is for a measuring and controlling of general-purpose grinder, thereby V controls effectively to workpiece excision amount, realizes the purpose of automatic grinding control.Its cardinal principle is the required energy C of smear metal according to the coefficientoffriction between workpiece resection rate W and grinding power Pm, workpiece and the emery wheel, radial grinding force Fy, grinding speed K and excision unit volume
F, existing relational expression between these several parameters, that is:
By to Pm, μ, Fy, K, C
FThe test of these several values of consult volume or control to realize reckoning or the control to workpiece resection rate W, further can be calculated and control again workpiece excision amount.Brief description is done to the derivation of this relational expression by following elder generation.
In the grinding field, following three formula are arranged
Fz＝9.81×[C
F×(Vw×fr×B/K)]+μ×Fy ………(1)
Pm＝Fz×K/1000 ………(2)
Fy＝9.81×C
F×(π/2)×(Vw×fr×B/V)×tgα ………(3)
In addition: W=1000 * Vw * fr * B ... (4)
Wherein Fz (N) is a tangential grinding force, and Fy (N) is a radial grinding force, and Vw is work speed (m/s), and fr is radial feeds (mm), and B is polishing width (mm), vertex of a cone half-angle when α is conical for the hypothesis abrasive particle.
With the Fz in (1) formula and Vw * fr * B binomial, can obtain by mathematic(al) manipulation by (2) formula and (4) formula respectively, the formula of substitution (1) simultaneously can be obtained after mathematic(al) manipulation again
Unit: W is mm
3/ s, K are m/s, and Pm is kW, and Fy is N, C
FBe kgf/mm
2
This relational expression is the core of the present invention's principle.For grinding, chip deformation and the two kinds of effects of friction during from grinding of total grinding force, chip deformation power and frictional force all will consume grinding power, the meaning of this relational expression is to determine the power that chip deformation power is consumed by the power of total grinding power that records and frictional force consumption, thereby calculate actual instantaneous workpiece resection rate W, thereby reach control workpiece excision amount V possibility is provided for controlling by the time.Control device 9 is the core apparatus among the present invention, it can be a computer, and dispose necessary interface circuit, and it can calculate, data analysis and comparison, send operations such as control instruction to other parts, and its process can be all or partly by computer software control.
Time-controlled grinding method provided by the present invention and the constant time-controlled grinding method of maintenance workpiece resection rate W, before implementing grinding, it all needs among in advance that some are the fixing parameter input control device 9, comprising: the required energy C of smear metal of the coefficientoffriction between the gross efficiency of the gearratio of main shaft speed change drive unit 3, motor 6, the diameter of emery wheel 2, workpiece 1 and the emery wheel 2, excision unit volume
FOr the piston area of hydraulic cylinder 11 etc., below enumerate some μ and C commonly used
FValue, these numerical value in the grinding field be generally acknowledge with standard.
Table 1: the C of various workpiece materials
FValue (using GB8OR1A and TL80R1A molding sand wheel) workpiece material granite silicon pure iron cast iron high-speed steel C
F(kgf/mm
2) 430 550 280 490 1800 tables 2: the numerical value workpiece material emery wheel cutting fluid soya-bean oil light oil emulsion water of coefficientoffriction dry grinding annealing carbon steel GZ4622A 0.21 0.61 0.35 0.82 0.73 quenching high-speed steel GZ46R1A 0.10 0.15 0.16 0.38 0.32 during grinding
In sum, time-controlled grinding method provided by the present invention and the constant time-controlled grinding method of maintenance workpiece resection rate W, all can implement by device A or device B, in implementing grinding process, grinding force Fy can change, also can make Fy keep constant by the rotating speed of control device 9 control motors 12, perhaps keep constant grinding force Fy, that is not necessarily adopt the control grinding by feed arrangement.The general-purpose grinder of the applicable band emery wheel of the present invention.Motor 6 and motor 12 require then to adopt servomotor and stepper motor if any speed governing.
The present invention is for single-piece, small lot grinding, owing to simplified the lathe adjustment and removed the needed time of trial cut unit one from, can boost productivity greatly, as adopt the control grinding, then can guarantee the surface quality of workpiece and reduce power consumption, the present invention can realize automation for the production of single-piece, small lot, and the present invention is used to reequip general-purpose grinder and realizes time-controlled grinding, does not need that machine tool structure is carried out big change and just can realize.Grinding control method provided by the invention can be used in combination with other method for grinding, to guarantee machining accuracy.Grinding control method of the present invention, how many machining accuracies is directly proportional with grinding allowance, reduces grinding allowance and not only can boost productivity, and can improve machining accuracy, and it is significant therefore to improve the precision of processing before the grinding.The present invention is all applicable for corase grind, correct grinding, tarry matter.Artificial adjustment when the present invention can remove grinding from, also as long as limit the distance that moves axially of a lower grinding wheel, process can be finished automatically at the most.The present invention can make existing general-purpose grinder improve a little can realize controlling automatically grinding, workpiece excision amount is effectively controlled, thereby surface of the work Grinding Machining Quality and precision had both been guaranteed, the The whole control device is simplified greatly, and greatly simplified the adjustment of grinding machine, be convenient to adopt mechanical, electrical integrated or mechanical, electrical, automation that liquid (gas) integrated technique is realized grinding.
Below in conjunction with description of drawings technical scheme of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the principle assumption diagram of grinding control device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the embodiment one of grinding control device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of the embodiment two of grinding control device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the principle assumption diagram of the hydraulic system 10 among Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 or device shown in Figure 2 all belong to device A, Figure 3 shows that device B.Below referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, for device A and device B,, further specify its structure and utilization in conjunction with they processes at the constant time-controlled grinding method of utilization time-controlled grinding method provided by the present invention and maintenance workpiece resection rate.
Device A is when operate time control method for grinding, at first before processing, to measure the concrete size of processing work 1, with the size input control device of measuring 9, process the determined last size in back by control device 9 according to operator's input processing work 1 therein, that is the shaping size after the grinding, obtain the excision amount V1 of workpiece by mathematical computations, or the workpiece excision amount V1 input control device 9 of directly institute being determined or calculating by the operator, again workpiece is installed grinding machine, start grinding machine and begin grinding.At this moment, device for pressure measurement 5, tachometer 7, watt meter 8 and control device 9 are also started working simultaneously, wherein device for pressure measurement 5 is measured grinding force Fy, tachometer 7 is measured the real-time rotating speed of motor 6, watt meter 8 is measured the instantaneous power of motor 6, emery wheel 2 grinding work pieces 1, main shaft speed change drive unit 3 is used for transmission, feed arrangement 4 is controlled the feeding of emery wheels 2 or is fallen back, motor 6 drives emery wheel 2 rotations, and control device 9 can be a computer, has data and system controlling software in its memory, and can handle and send instruction to the data of input, realize the grinding process automation of whole system.Grinding force Fy, grinding speed K can specify a suitable initial value in advance by control device 9 before grinding.Motor 6 drives emery wheel 2 rotations during grinding, feed arrangement 4 drives emery wheel 2 radial feeds, the 1 beginning grinding of emery wheel 2 contact workpieces, the parameters such as motor speed that the power of the motor 6 that the pressure that device for pressure measurement 5 records, watt meter 8 record, tachometer 7 record all are sent to control device 9, and control device 9 can be obtained several parameters by following formula
(grinding force Fy)=(pressure) * (piston area)-(resistance)
(grinding speed K)=[motor 6 rotating speeds] ÷ [main shaft speed change drive unit 3 gearratios] * (grinding wheel diameter) * π
(grinding power Pm)=[power of motor 6] * (gross efficiency)
Here, the computational methods of grinding force Fy be when feed arrangement 4 be to have adopted hydraulic system 10, hydraulic cylinder 11, and device for pressure measurement is to be suitable for when adopting Pressure gauge 16, concrete structure as shown in Figure 2, piston area and resistance are the parameter of hydraulic system 10 and hydraulic cylinder 11.Wherein, hydraulic system 10 is used to realize requirement and the maintenance constant voltage of grinding machine to emery wheel 2 feedings, hydraulic cylinder 11 is used to promote emery wheel 2 radial feeds and falls back, Pressure gauge 16 is measured the force value of hydraulic cylinder 11, hydraulic system 10 is to utilize hydraulic cylinder 11 to promote emery wheel 2 feedings and keep-up pressure constant, its structure as shown in Figure 4, thereby realize the control grinding.In fact device A shown in Figure 2 is a kind of specific embodiment of theory structure shown in Figure 1.
So far, utilize Pm, Fy, K value and known μ, the C that obtains
FValue can be calculated as follows out instantaneous workpiece resection rate W:
Then, carry out the digital integration computing by 9 couples of W of control device again, calculate real-time workpiece excision amount V, computing formula is:
When workpiece excision amount V reached predetermined workpiece excision amount V1,9 pairs of feed arrangements 4 of control device or hydraulic system 10 were sent instruction, make emery wheel 2 withdraw from grinding.At this moment, b is the post-set time of emery wheel 2, and a is the grinding zero-time, and the grinding time of working control is: t=b-a.
Need to prove, in grinding process, grinding power Pm value should be determined within the specific limits, avoiding burned work-surface or productivity ratio low excessively, when grinding power Pm is low excessively, workpiece resection rate W is low excessively, at this moment need timely trimming wheel, after the finishing, grinding wheel diameter reduces, at this moment should be to the new grinding wheel diameter data of control device 9 inputs.Adopt the device A of time-controlled grinding method, whole process is carried out automatically, need not manual intervention, and is simple in structure.
When device A keeps the constant time-controlled grinding method of workpiece resection rate W in utilization, for the operator, process is basic identical, just need be in advance to control device 9 predetermined work resection rate W1 given in advance before grinding, in grinding process, control device 9 utilizes calculating formula (C) to calculate instantaneous workpiece resection rate W, compare with the W1 that is scheduled to again, if the two has difference by control device 9 to feed arrangement 4 or hydraulic system 10, also can send revision directive to motor 6, changing grinding force Fy or grinding speed K, as when the W＜W1, the rotating speed of increase motor 6, when W＞W1, reduce the rotating speed of motor 6, thereby controlled grinding speed K, and then it is consistent with W1 that W is adjusted to, grinding through certain hour t, during workpiece excision amount V=V1, in fact, used grinding time t=V1/W1, then control device 9 sends instruction to feed arrangement 4 or hydraulic system 10, makes emery wheel 2 withdraw from grinding.The constant time-controlled grinding method of this control workpiece resection rate W is simple and practical, does not need control device 9 to do complicated digital integration computing, and the grinding time is fixed, but needs to be equipped with the motor 6 of adjustable speed, as servomotor.This method is actually a special case of time-controlled grinding method.
The adjusting of grinding force Fy can be by electric-hydraulic proportion pressure valve or electro-hydraulic servo valve regulation.
Here introduce the principle and the structure of hydraulic system 10.As shown in Figure 4, T1 is a two-position four-way solenoid valve, and T2 is a two-position three way magnetic valve, and Q1 and Q2 are choke valve, and U1 and U2 are pressure-reducing valve, and PH is a pressure oil, and P is the pressure oil that enters hydraulic cylinder 11.During corase grind, T1 and T2 dead electricity, pressure oil enters hydraulic cylinder 11 through U2, Q2, T2, T1, promotes piston-advance; During correct grinding, the T1 dead electricity, T2 gets electric, and pressure oil enters hydraulic cylinder 11 through U1, Q1, T2, T1, promotes piston-advance, and during rewind down, T1 and T2 get electric, and pressure oil enters hydraulic cylinder 11 through U1, Q1, T2, T1, promotes piston and retreats.
The device B in fact principle with device A is identical, and just feed arrangement is to have adopted motor 12, feed box 13 and be to adopt dynamometry top 14 and dynamometer 15 for the measurement of grinding force Fy, as shown in Figure 3.Device B also can control method for grinding and keep the constant time-controlled grinding method of workpiece resection rate W to finish the automatic grinding process by operate time.
At first before processing, also to measure the concrete size of processing work 1, with the size input control device of measuring 9, calculate workpiece excision amount V1 by control device 9 according to the last size of this workpiece, or the operator is directly with workpiece excision amount V1 input control device 9, again workpiece 1 is loaded onto grinding machine and begin grinding, at this moment, tachometer 7, watt meter 8, dynamometry top 14, dynamometer 15 and control device 9 are started working simultaneously, wherein dynamometer 15 is directly measured grinding force Fy by dynamometry top 14, the rotating speed of the motor 6 that tachometer 7 and watt meter 8 are measured and instantaneous power can be obtained grinding speed K and grinding power Pm by control device 9 by mathematical computations respectively, and feed box 13 can change rotatablely moving of motor 12 into rectilinear motion, motor 12 is controlled the radial feed of emery wheels or is fallen back, when device B adopts the control grinding, motor 12 adopts stepper motor, is controlled by control device 9.According to measure or calculate parameters such as the Fy, the K that obtain, Pm, can obtain instantaneous workpiece resection rate W according to calculating formula (C).
When device B is when adopting time-controlled grinding method, 9 couples of W of control device are by the integral operation of calculating formula (D) doing mathematics, calculate workpiece excision amount V, when V has reached predetermined workpiece excision amount V1 in the input control device 9 in advance, control device 9 sends control instruction to motor 12, makes emery wheel 2 withdraw from grinding.
When device B has adopted when keeping the constant time-controlled grinding method of workpiece resection rate W, then the workpiece resection rate W that will obtain by calculating formula (C) compares with predetermined workpiece resection rate W1 in being prior-entered at control device 9, if the two has difference, then control device 9 sends revision directive to motor 12 or motor 6, to change grinding force Fy or grinding speed K, as when the W＜W1, just control motor 12 or motor 6 rev ups, when W＞W1, just control motor 12 or motor 6 reduces rotating speed, and then it is consistent with W1 that W is adjusted to.The rotating speed of regulating motor 12 is to be used for regulating grinding force Fy, and the rotating speed of regulating motor 6 is to be used for regulating grinding speed K.When device B adopted the control grinding, motor 12 can adopt stepper motor, was controlled by control device 9, and motor 6 adopts servomotor, controlled W by changing grinding speed K.Because workpiece excision amount V=W * t, wherein t is the grinding time, can obtain workpiece excision amount V, and when V reached predetermined excision amount V1, control device 9 sent instruction to motor 12, makes emery wheel 2 withdraw from grinding.
Illustrate with example below:
Example 1: roughly grind the cylindrical of a cast iron shaft-like workpiece, long 300mm considers that the actual size of the preceding workpiece of grinding has certain tolerance, therefore measures the actual size of workpiece earlier, calculates workpiece excision amount V.The actual workpiece size that records is 60.203mm, requires to reach 60
-0.046Precision, surface roughness Ra is worth 2.5 μ m, practical work piece excision amount V=12800mm
3, grinding force Fy sets up and is 392N, C
F=490kgf/mm
2, μ=0.20, workpiece rotational frequency n=110r/min, 100 times/min of workbench reciprocal time, grinding power Pm is measured by actual, and grinding speed K is controlled automatically by control device 9, and control workpiece resection rate W=1050mm
3/ S, grinding time t=12.2S.Here be to adopt by device A to keep the constant time-controlled grinding method of workpiece resection rate W to finish.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of time-controlled grinding method is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) the concrete size of elder generation's measurement processing work (1) before the processing;
(2) with the concrete size input control device (9) of workpiece (1), calculate workpiece excision amount V1 by control device (9) according to the last size of workpiece (1), perhaps the direct input control device of workpiece excision amount V1 (9) that will calculate according to the concrete size and the last size of workpiece (1).
(3) workpiece (1) is installed grinding machine;
(4) beginning grinding;
(5) each measuring instrument is started working simultaneously, measure or extrapolate grinding force Fy, grinding power Pm, grinding speed K and input control device (9) respectively, control device (9) is again in conjunction with being prior-entered at wherein workpiece (1) and the coefficientoffriction between the emery wheel (2), excising the required energy C of smear metal of unit volume
F, calculating instantaneous workpiece resection rate W, computing formula is:
(6) control device (9) carries out digital integration computing to the time to W, calculates workpiece excision amount V, and computing formula is:
When workpiece excision amount V reached predetermined value V1, control device (9) sent instruction to feed arrangement (4), made emery wheel (2) withdraw from grinding; At this moment, b is the post-set time of emery wheel (2), and a is the grinding zero-time, and the grinding time of working control is: t=b-a.
2, a kind of constant time-controlled grinding method of workpiece resection rate W that keeps is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) the concrete size of elder generation's measurement processing work (1) before the processing;
(2) with the concrete size input control device (9) of workpiece (1), calculate workpiece excision amount V1 by control device (9) according to the last size of workpiece (1), perhaps the direct input control device of workpiece excision amount V1 (9) that will calculate according to the concrete size and the last size of workpiece (1) is imported a predetermined workpiece resection rate W1 to control device (9) again simultaneously;
(3) workpiece (1) is installed grinding machine;
(4) beginning grinding;
(5) each measuring instrument is started working simultaneously, measure or extrapolate grinding force Fy, grinding power Pm, grinding speed K and input control device (9), control device (9) is again in conjunction with being prior-entered at wherein workpiece (1) and the coefficientoffriction between the emery wheel (2), excising the required energy C of smear metal of unit volume
FDeng parameter, calculate instantaneous workpiece resection rate W, and compare with predetermined W1, if the two has difference then to send instruction by control device (9) to feed arrangement (4) or motor (6), to change grinding force Fy or grinding speed K, it is consistent with predetermined workpiece resection rate W1 that instantaneous workpiece resection rate W is adjusted to, and the formula that calculates instantaneous workpiece resection rate W is as follows:
(6) through the grinding of certain hour t, workpiece excision amount V=W * t, when V reaches predetermined value V1, that is during t=V1/W1, control device (9) sends instruction to feed arrangement (4), and emery wheel (2) withdraws from grinding.
3, a kind of grinding control device that aims at claim 1 or 2 described methods and design, comprise the main shaft speed change drive unit (3) that is used for transmission, control emery wheel (2) feeding or the feed arrangement that falls back, drive emery wheel (2) motor rotating (6) and realize that data are handled and the control device (9) of the unified control of each parts, it is characterized in that it also comprises the device for pressure measurement of measuring grinding force Fy, measure motor (6) tachometer (7) of rotating speed in real time, measure the watt meter (8) of motor (6) instantaneous power, wherein control device (9) internal storage data and system controlling software, it respectively with feed arrangement, device for pressure measurement, motor (6), tachometer (7), watt meter (8) links, feed arrangement respectively with main shaft speed change drive unit (3), device for pressure measurement (5) links, motor (6) respectively with main shaft speed change drive unit (3), tachometer (7), watt meter (8) links; Device for pressure measurement, tachometer (7), the measured parameter of watt meter (8) are all delivered to control device (9) processing and are controlled feed arrangement and motor (6) by control device (9).
4, grinding control device according to claim 3 is characterized in that control device (9) is a computer.
5, grinding control device according to claim 3 is characterized in that feed arrangement adds that by hydraulic system (10) hydraulic cylinder (11) constitutes, and device for pressure measurement adopts Pressure gauge (16); Hydraulic system (10) links with control device (9), Pressure gauge (16), hydraulic cylinder (11) respectively, and hydraulic cylinder (11) links with main shaft speed change drive unit (3).
6, grinding control device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that feed arrangement is by the radial feed of control emery wheel (2) or the motor (12) that falls back, rotatablely moving of motor (12) is converted into straight-line feed box (13) to be constituted, device for pressure measurement is by the dynamometry top (14) and dynamometer (15) formation that are used to measure grinding force Fy, motor (12) respectively with control device (9), feed box (13) links, feed box (13) and main shaft speed change drive unit (3) link, dynamometer (15) respectively with control device (9), two dynamometry top (14) in workpiece (1) both sides link.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93110617A CN1055652C (en) | 1993-03-12 | 1993-03-12 | Time-controlled grinding method and apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93110617A CN1055652C (en) | 1993-03-12 | 1993-03-12 | Time-controlled grinding method and apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1092008A CN1092008A (en) | 1994-09-14 |
| CN1055652C true CN1055652C (en) | 2000-08-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN93110617A Expired - Fee Related CN1055652C (en) | 1993-03-12 | 1993-03-12 | Time-controlled grinding method and apparatus |
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| CN (1) | CN1055652C (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7089081B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2006-08-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Modeling an abrasive process to achieve controlled material removal |
| CN105954136A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-21 | 成都惠锋金刚石工具有限公司 | Test method for testing cutting performance of diamond saw blade |
| CN106553126B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-07-09 | 东兴自动化投资有限公司 | Method for pressure detection, control and automatic compensation in polishing process |
| CN108000248B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-10-08 | 浙江盛达物联科技股份有限公司 | A kind of invariable power grinding processing method |
| CN108195704A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-06-22 | 重庆水利电力职业技术学院 | A kind of grinding parameter test bed component automatically |
| CN108481132A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-09-04 | 福州大学 | A kind of constant pressure grinding device |
| JP7405563B2 (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2023-12-26 | 株式会社ディスコ | Creep feed grinding method and grinding device |
| CN112157585B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-05-03 | 河南捷利达超硬制品有限公司 | Grinding control method |
| CN112157489B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-07-08 | 浙江大学 | Variable grinding force machining method for thin-wall part |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2537630A1 (en) * | 1974-09-03 | 1976-03-11 | Seiko Seiki Kk | GRINDING METHOD AND GRINDING EQUIPMENT |
| US4163346A (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-07 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Grinding machine control |
| WO1990009870A1 (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-09-07 | Supfina Maschinenfabrik Hentzen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for fine working or microfinishing |
-
1993
- 1993-03-12 CN CN93110617A patent/CN1055652C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2537630A1 (en) * | 1974-09-03 | 1976-03-11 | Seiko Seiki Kk | GRINDING METHOD AND GRINDING EQUIPMENT |
| US4163346A (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-07 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Grinding machine control |
| WO1990009870A1 (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-09-07 | Supfina Maschinenfabrik Hentzen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for fine working or microfinishing |
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|---|---|
| CN1092008A (en) | 1994-09-14 |
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