CN105564582A - Light electric vehicle and driving and brake method thereof - Google Patents
Light electric vehicle and driving and brake method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105564582A CN105564582A CN201410620954.2A CN201410620954A CN105564582A CN 105564582 A CN105564582 A CN 105564582A CN 201410620954 A CN201410620954 A CN 201410620954A CN 105564582 A CN105564582 A CN 105564582A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light electric vehicle, comprising a power modulator (1), a driving control device (9a), a vehicle frame (4), and at least a wheel (5). At least a wheel of the electric vehicle is provided with an electric device (3) in a matched manner. The electric device comprises at least a stator unit (3a) and at least a rotor unit (3b). The rotor unit is arranged on a rim (6) and is made of a magnetic conductive dielectric material. The stator unit is installed on the vehicle frame which is close to the rim. The power input end (1a) of the power modulator is connected with the anode and the cathode of a battery group, the timing sequence current output end (1b) is connected with the internal winding of the stator unit, and the driving signal input end (1d) is connected with the driving control device. The electric device of the electric vehicle is simple in structure, and can be combined in a wheel in a diverse manner, cost is low, and energy saving effect is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of battery-driven car, particularly a kind of LEV (Light Electric Vehicle) and driving thereof, braking method.
Background technology
Battery-driven car comes from the demand that traditional velocipede and trishaw install power-supply system power-assisted additional, existing market has developed into a kind of pure by battery-driven traveling instrument, according to the data that industry discloses, China's electric two-wheel vehicle market maintenance has reached more than 1.5 hundred million, and within 2013, electro-tricycle output exceedes 1,000 ten thousand.
The electrical motor of battery-driven car institute adapted is also along with the development in market, from universal to Specialty Design future development, a new generation's motor special all has the advantage of small in volume, its power-supply controller of electric be equipped with also tries hard to use switch circuit, reduces the reactive loss of machine operation process especially by pulse modulation technique.The current development of electrical vehicular power technology mainly contains both direction, and one is improve electrical motor specialized fabrication technology, and two is improve energy saving motor to control, but this both direction all receives larger limitation in technical development thinking, such as;
1) motor: two-wheel car main flow adapted be hub-type motor, and the motor of main or traditional axle output form of three-wheel vehicle and region low-speed quadricycle main flow adapted, market generally believes that hub-type motor technology is full-fledged, industry normally used electric machine structure principle belongs to universal mostly, main competition concentrates on the control of material and human cost, and the effectiveness that less concern motor deformation technology exploitation is brought promotes.
2) electric machine control: market technical development in recent years, oneself generally applies PWQ technology to control the rotating speed of motor, the i.e. pulse pattern of variable duty ratio, controlled by its turn-on and turn-off to quartz conductor electrical device, make mouth obtain the identical and pulse that width is not identical of a series of amplitude, replace sinusoidal waveform or the alternative current waveform needed for other with these pulses.According to its characteristic, modulate by the width of certain rule to individual pulse, the size of circuit output voltage or output frequency can be changed, reach the object controlling motor speed.
Mainstream technology is for the basic ideas of electric machine control, normally be based upon on motor interior electromagnetic force interaction model, the immovable basis of winding construction, main flow research and development concentrate on tradition " paraphase " institute and rotate the phase angle position control thought category that brings of phase angle with current phhase, motor internal, and technological development is in progress unsatisfactory.
In electronic single-wheel and electric two-wheel vehicle field, domestic and international colleague all attempts exploitation at wheel in recent years along arranging driving mechanism, this way of thinking happens since time immemorial, the waterwheel that such as ancient Chinese generally uses, its principle of work not arranges rotating power machine at the wheel shaft of waterwheel, but giving one glass of water (a potential energy) along the tangential direction of water wheel page in the suitable time, the whereabouts potential energy of this glass of water is transformed into the power that waterwheel rotates around axle center.But, when this waterwheel model is moved to electric automobiles exploitation, do not obtain success in expectation.Market such as, have a kind of along wheel along the electric two-wheel vehicle arranging electric device, its method is established tooth in rim outer rim and installs the toothed electrical motor docking of output shaft, by the axle outputting power of gear transmission electrical motor, though this kind of design has new meaning, but power owing to adopting the electrical motor of traditional design and the power of usual manner, its energy conversion efficiency and hub-type electric machinery together, and arrange in rim outer rim the restriction that this electric device can be subject to motor power (output).
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, be to overcome existing battery-driven car institute adapted unit type electric motor and power supply mode and be confined to the design defect that inverter current direction and phase angle position control, a kind of electric device being different from traditional design is provided, by power supply modulator, direct supply is changed into the design plan of sequential power supply mode simultaneously, without the need to transmitting motor torque by gear change driving chain, structure is simple, torque is large, technique easily realizes, and meets that all kinds of LEV (Light Electric Vehicle) is especially electronic, the technical design demand of pedal double-purpose Light-duty Vehicle.
A kind of LEV (Light Electric Vehicle) provided by the invention, described battery-driven car comprises power supply modulator 1, drives actuation means 9a, vehicle frame 4 and at least one wheel 5; At least one wheel of described battery-driven car is supporting arranges electric device 3; Described electric device comprises at least one stator unit 3a and at least one rotor unit 3b; Described stator unit is arranged on the vehicle frame 4 of rim 6; Described rotor unit is arranged on rim, and it is made up of the magnetic conductive media solid of non-permanent magnet or software shaped material, and with rotation of wheel, its air gap 3d relative to the periodicity that stator unit is formed is not more than 80mm;
The power supply modulator of described battery-driven car comprises power input 1a, driving signal input 1d and sequential current output terminal 1b, the both positive and negative polarity of described power input electrical connection battery pack 8, the inside winding of sequential current output terminal electrical connection stator unit 3a, driving signal input electrical connection drives actuation means 9a; The instruction of described power supply modulator by driving actuation means to obtain user, and the inside winding output timing electric current to stator unit.
Preferably, the rating horsepower of the power supply modulator in the present invention is not more than 6KW.
Described stator unit 3a is formed around the magnetic core of magnetic media material by least one group of good conductor loop, described stator unit 3a combines and arranges by connected in series or in parallel between the winding that obtains on vehicle frame 4, or by drawing the multi-thread external loop of centre tap composition between different winding.
Preferably, the inner winding energising of stator unit 3a forms the two poles of the earth line 12 vertical to the normal 10 of coaxial 7 wheels 5 (parallel with corresponding tangent line 11) of electromagnetic pole, comprises or deflect being no more than 25 degree of angles; Or the two poles of the earth line 12 being set to electromagnetic pole overlaps with the coaxial normal 10 of wheel, comprises deflection and is no more than 25 degree of angles;
Preferably, some described stator units are in the vehicle frame part combination arrangement near rim 6 inner edge or outer rim;
Preferably, some described stator unit 3a install in the vehicle frame 4 position symmetry of rim 6 both sides.
The described rotor unit installation site be arranged on rim comprises rotor unit and is entrenched in rim outer rim, inner edge or inner and carry out integrated design manufacture with rim, does not limit shape not affecting under the prerequisite being installed on rim 6; Several rotor units are alternate setting when rim is installed, preferably evenly arrangement.
Preferably, described battery-driven car also comprises sensing device, and described sensing device comprises some sensing unit 3c that can respond to described rotor unit 3b and stator unit 3a relative position; Described sensing unit 3c is electrically connected with the transducing signal input end 1c of described power supply modulator; Inner edge or the outer rim of the front-wheel of described battery-driven car at least on vehicle frame 4 or trailing wheel, wheel 5 arrange a sensing unit 3c.
Preferred, described sensing device comprises the inside winding of stator unit 3a, and described inner winding comprises around the winding of stator unit magnetic core and by the multi-thread external loop be in series between some stator unit windings; Sensing device, by comparing the differential current of inner winding feedback, obtains the sensing incoming signal of reflection rotor unit 3b and stator unit 3a relative position, and for determining the swing circle of described wheel.
Preferably, described battery-driven car also comprises electromagnetic brake device 9b, described power supply modulator also comprises speed-slackening signal input end 1e, its electrical connection electromagnetic brake device 9b, electromagnetic brake device obtain user brake instruction and in the inside winding output current of corresponding time sequence to the stator unit 3a of electric device; When battery-driven car of the present invention need use electric device to increase electromagnetic force brake function, described stator unit relative set is in the inside of rim 6.
Described driving actuation means 9a can be set to conventional rotating handles formula, plug-type joystick or other any manual control modes, is set to remote control outside comprising.
In the present invention, direct supply is converted to sequential electric current by described power supply modulator, and the stator unit 3a in electric device is energized and power-off with being limited at the time domain periodic of power supply modulator setting.
Battery-driven car of the present invention comprises a wheel or multiple battery-driven car of taking turns and electronic, autocycle; The described wheel arranging electric device, comprises the accurate single-wheel structure of single-wheel and coaxial compact installation two wheel.
The invention also discloses a kind of driving method of aforementioned battery-driven car, the method controls vehicle wheel rotation according to the position relationship of described rotor unit 3a and described stator unit 3b by power supply modulator 1 output timing drive current;
Described sequential defines according to rotation of wheel direction, described sequential electric current arranges several make and break periods T according to the useful effect interval of stator unit electromagnetic field on rim in conjunction with the rotor unit number on rim, and described make and break period comprises power supply time domain and power-off time domain; Described power supply time domain, is positioned at rotor unit on rim during convergence stator unit
corresponding time domain, described in
the normal determined around axle and with axle for rotor unit and stator unit and axle determine the dynamic angle that normal is formed, described in
for rotor unit is determined in rim stator unit electromagnetic force direction equal state suffered by the axle tangential direction and its trapping gap
value; Power supply modulator 1 not outgoing current in described power-off time domain;
In the present invention, energising time domain T
1and current waveform, frequency and the dutycycle in period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory is not limit.
Preferably, described power supply modulator at least comprises the different period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory of two sections of current amplitudes and diminishes successively in electric current chronologically in power supply time domain, and the amplitude in power supply time domain or its period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory linearly to be successively decreased relation with sequential;
Or in 2
kto successively decrease relation, described index K value 0.1 to 0.99;
Or be following relation: I
t/ A=(I
0-I
g)
wherein I
0for initial energising intensity, I
gfor the intensity of current of the end time that is energized.
Preferably, described energising time domain T
1in the magnetic flux density of initial electric current, voltage or stator unit obtain road speed instantaneous value by sensing device and combine the instruction that drives actuation means 9a to provide and adjust.
Preferably, described method also comprises aligning step; Described aligning step be with stator unit 3a and rotor unit 3b periodically relative, the state that is in same normal 10 of trapping gap 3d (
be 0) be designated as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, when each forward of rotor unit 3b is to reference seat timestamp, power supply modulator 1 carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this period, by comparing period to reference seat target with rotor unit forward last time, thus know spin cycle time and the speed of a motor vehicle, and control outgoing current.
The invention also discloses the braking method of above-mentioned battery-driven car, the method manipulates at least one time domain that is relative with the coaxial normal in stator unit place at inner respective rotor unit convergence stator unit, rotor unit and that be in away from state by electromagnetic brake device 9b, power supply modulator 1 output timing current control wheel braking;
Described sequential defines according to rotation of wheel direction; Described rotor unit convergence stator unit is
the corresponding time domain of state, described in
the normal determined around axle and with axle for rotor unit and stator unit and axle determine the dynamic angle that normal is formed, described in
for rotor unit is determined in rim stator unit electromagnetic force direction equal state suffered by the axle tangential direction and its trapping gap
value.
Preferably, described braking method also comprises aligning step, and described aligning step is will
be the state of 0 as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, thus know rotor unit convergence/relatively/away from the location status of stator unit.
In the present invention, described outgoing current rate-determining steps can be:
1) actuation means 9a is driven to power supply modulator 1 without when inputting instruction, power supply modulator 1 dormancy;
2) when driving actuation means 9a to provide assisted instruction, the corresponding output timing electric current of power supply modulator 1;
3) when the speed of a motor vehicle or energising frequency reach the threshold value of setting, described power supply modulator power-off.
Battery-driven car of the present invention provides the method by arranging electric device and power supply modulator at rim position direct supply being changed into sequential electric current, electric device does not resemble conventional motors yet and is designed to unit structural form, because rotor unit is with wheel periodicity and stator unit generation magnetic interaction, power supply modulator is obtained cyclical signal from sensing device and is processed in real time by data bus, can sentence and knows rotor unit and the relative position of stator unit and correspondingly send regular sequential electric current.
More than design can bring two obvious energy-saving efficiencies: one is that stator unit winding is energized with being limited at the time domain periodic of power supply modulator setting, is not needing the time domain dormancy of work, is both saving electric energy and additionally reduced energising accumulated heat; Two is in the cycle of operations of power supply modulator setting, and the regularity of energising intensity in setting changes and interrupt, and the service efficiency of electric energy is improved further, and energising accumulated heat reduces further.
The invention has the advantages that: there is the obvious energy-saving effect that sequential power supply control brings, electric device structure be simple, can be low at wheel variation combination, cost, effectively adapt to the high-end designs requirement of LEV (Light Electric Vehicle).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of integral structure schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to electro-tricycle.
Fig. 2 is basic design and the electromagnetic force Directional Decomposition schematic diagram of electric device.
Fig. 3 a is that stator unit winding two ends line is set to the schematic diagram vertical with wheel normal.
Fig. 3 b is the schematic diagram that stator unit winding two ends line is set to overlap with wheel normal.
Fig. 3 c be stator unit matrix around core top just to the structural representation of rim inner edge.
Fig. 4 is that rotor unit is in the view of coaxial normal with stator unit.
Fig. 5 a is the groundwork logical schematic of power supply modulator.
Fig. 5 b is a kind of block combiner schematic diagram realizing the digital means logic of power supply modulator.
Fig. 5 c is the work-based logic schematic diagram that power supply modulator sets up electromagnetic brake device input end.
Fig. 6 a is the time diagram of outgoing current in periodicity break-make of power supply modulator.
Fig. 6 b is that a kind of two rank constant currents taper off the electric current time diagram of relation.
Fig. 6 c is the time diagram of a kind of first rank current constant, the curved relation of successively decreasing of second order electric current.
Fig. 6 d is the time diagram of a kind of multi-stage current in relation of successively decreasing continuously.
Fig. 6 e is the pulse subset envelope schematic diagram of the curved relation of successively decreasing of a kind of amplitude.
Fig. 6 f is the energising logical schematic that a corresponding stator unit combines a rotor unit.
Fig. 7 a is a kind of local structure schematic diagram that a stator unit combines 8 rotor units.
Fig. 7 b is the power on/off time domain schematic diagram of rotation of wheel cycle π corresponding power modulator.
Fig. 7 c is the one energising logical schematic that a corresponding stator unit combines 8 rotor units.
Fig. 8 is a kind of local structure schematic diagram that a stator unit combines 12 rotor units.
Fig. 9 is a kind of local structure schematic diagram that two stator units combine 8 rotor units.
Accompanying drawing identifies:
1, power supply modulator; 1a, DC supply input; 1b, sequential current output terminal; 1c, induced signal input end; 1d, train signal input end; 1e, brake signal input end; 2, control unit; 3, electric device; 3a, stator unit; 3b, rotor unit; 3c, sensing unit; 3d, air gap; 4, vehicle frame; 5, wheel; 6, rim; 7, wheel shaft; 8, battery pack; 9a, driving actuation means; 9b, electromagnetic brake device; 10, coaxial normal; 11, wheel tangent line; 12, winding two extreme direction line;
normal angle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail further.
See Fig. 1, the present invention is applied to a kind of electro-tricycle, and compared with common electric three-wheel vehicle, this battery-driven car does not have the electrical motor of block construction, and its electric device is arranged on the position inside and outside rim 6.
Though the DC machine of common electric car uses direct supply, but it is the electric current using brush or through electronics package, direct current (DC) is modulated to energising direction checker that direct supply enters motor internal, motor is made to produce rotating field in inside, this traditional control method is referred to as " paraphase ", has supervened the conventional arts such as current phhase, motor internal rotation phase angle, winding induced current and corresponding phase angle position control thereof; And the electric current that power supply modulator of the present invention provides enter motor internal need not " paraphase ", also there is not the concept that the current phhase described in routine techniques, the control of phase angle position etc. are corresponding, this is an essential distinction of the present invention and conventional motor control technology.
The basic design of electric device described in battery-driven car of the present invention comprises stator unit 3a and rotor unit 3b, stator unit is formed by one group or some groups of good wire wounded cores, good wire uses copper cash or copper facing aluminum core line usually, magnetic core uses the magnetizer in magnetic media material usually, such magnetizer be known to the skilled person a kind of under magnetic fields internal state change and affect conversely magnetic field exist or distribution material.Within the scope of the magnetic fields that the inner winding energising of stator unit is formed, magnetizer rotor unit can be responded to magnetisation and be subject to its electromagnetic attracting force effect, the energising orientation independent of this magnetic effect and the inner winding of stator unit, the inner winding of stator unit is more, the permeability of magnetizer material is higher, and magnetic interaction is stronger.
As shown in Figure 2, when a rotor unit 3b is arranged on rim 6 outer rim, a stator unit 3a is fixed on the vehicle frame 4 of rim inner edge, relative air gap 3d is enough little in both motions, then during the stator unit of rotor unit with the inner winding energising of wheel convergence, can be subject to attraction and make wheel accelerated movement, the application force that rotor unit is subject to electromagnetic field can be analyzed to coaxial normal 10 direction F
10with tangent line 11 direction F
11, wherein contributive around axle to rotor unit is tangential F
11; Rotor unit arranges relevant around between axle force area to stator unit, single column passes through the maxim in air gap rim interval around the core stator unit electromagnetism line of force, the two poles of the earth line 12 corresponding to electromagnetic pole is vertical to its normal 10 residing for rim (tangent line 11 corresponding to rim is parallel), as shown in Figure 3 a; The two poles of the earth line 12 that column also can be set to electromagnetic pole around core overlaps with normal residing for it 10, as shown in Figure 3 b, selects when this set-up mode is generally multiple stator unit combination arrangement; To the stator unit of matrix around core, its electromagnetic force is interval to the useful effect of rotor unit, is positioned at matrix around core both upper ends thereof just to the two ends scope of rim 6 inner edge, as shown in Figure 3 c.
Rotor unit is on rim during convergence stator unit, it is a particular point by the state that electromagnetic force F action direction suffered by air gap overlaps with around axle tangential direction, and now rotor unit and the determined normal of axle and stator unit and the determined normal of axle define an angle
the useful effect of stator unit electromagnetic force suffered by rotor unit is interval, is positioned at both to be in trapping gap relative status on coaxial normal be benchmark
in lane place (described ± relatively to define according to the hand of rotation of rim), it is a dynamic angle around the residing normal of axle motion and stator unit and the determined normal of axle
during actual design, because electromagnetic force F direction suffered by rotor unit is a hidden amount of magnetic interaction, and
be aobvious state value, relatively easy location also controls power supply timing by power supply modulator; When
when being 0, F
10for maxim, F
11be 0, contributing around the complete nothing of axle rotor unit of now powering, as shown in Figure 4.
F
11and F
10be a pair shifting kinematic variable, as long as
be not 0, F
10with F
11all the time accompany, its theoretical strong and weak conversion with
for train spacing point, when rotor unit is on rim during convergence stator unit, power supply modulator is corresponding to exist
state area between be energized, to show as the F of propulsive effort
11be main; When
state area between be energized, to show as the F of braking force
10be main; And when rotor unit because rotor inertia is broken through
when being the state of 0, if power supply modulator continues energising, then what give rotor unit remains suction, shows as wheel and is braked.Rotor unit is broken through
it is the real-time status of 0, routine techniques continues to run by controlling electric current paraphase, but above-mentioned basic model of the present invention is not suitable for paraphase (being energized orientation independent with stator unit winding), but by making rotor unit inertia run to the timely power-off of the winding of stator unit.
Consider the inertia making full use of rim motion, battery-driven car of the present invention drives the electric current preferred version provided by power supply modulator to be: when rotor unit on rim around axle convergence stator unit time, preferably correspondence
the time domain energising of state, all the other time domain power-off, power-off time domain comprises
the T of state time domain
2, rotor unit move to the state of the same normal in stator unit place (
be 0) and rotor unit from
be 0 away from the T of stator unit state
0, the break-make time domain of this preferred drive current as shown in Figure 6 a, wherein T
1for current"on"time, T
2and T
0be power-off time, (T
1+ T
2+ T
0) constitute the cycle T of Timing driver electric current; If
time domain between state area continues energising, because this time domain representation is with braking force F
10be main, the optimization meaning of Design of power saving can be lost.When battery-driven car of the present invention needs to increase electromagnetic force braking/brake function, power supply modulator provides the preferred version of braking current to be: manipulate at electric device inner corresponding by electromagnetic brake device 9b
the time domain of state,
be 0 and at least one time domain of being in away from state of rotor unit and stator unit be energized.
according to stator unit, concrete scheme that (comprise combination arrange) and rotor unit arrange at rim be set at vehicle frame and determine, normally using
specific position judge the one foundation of power supply modulator work-based logic as sensing device;
be one to rim radian, air-gap separation, stator unit around the relevant value of the parameters such as core shape and arrangement thereof, have multiple theoretical model, should through test inhabitant area during specific design.Power supply modulator drive or braking power supply work-based logic relation be set to or, not notch shape, frequency and dutycycle in energising time domain, it both can be realized by ordinary tap control path, also CPU can be adopted to programme in conjunction with power model group circuit realiration, or adopt large-scale integrated special chip to realize.
The corresponding basis of above-mentioned power supply modulator
state, to the control of switching electricity, can approximate transform be that relative time controls in specific design, because
be 0 state and
be that 90 degree of states are aobvious state, power supply modulator can be sentenced by timing alignment and know
from 90 degree to 0 degree, i.e. (T
1+ T
2) time period, as long as setting T
1with T
2relative time, it is right to be namely similar to
the switching electric control of corresponding state; Such as control
the time domain energising of corresponding 90 degree to 45 degree, can be similar to and be set as: at (T
1+ T
2) time period initial 1/2 time domain energising, 1/2 time domain power-off afterwards; In like manner, control is worked as
the time domain energising of corresponding 30 degree to 0 degree, can be similar to and be set as: at (T
1+ T
2) time period initial 2/3 time domain power-off, afterwards 1/3 time domain energising; But (T
1+ T
2) time period is relevant to vehicle wheel rotational speed, control with relative time
real-time status have deviation when speed change, be in other words a kind of approximation control mode.
Due to
f when not being 0
10with F
11all the time accompany, and cannot by F in drive current timing Design
10thorough separation, a kind of weakening F
10on the preferred version of the potential accumulated heat impact of electric device be: at T
1in time domain, energising intensity/amplitude is set to successively decrease with sequential, comprise and m>=2 subset that energising intensity sequential is successively decreased is set, the subset that such as, after arranging two sections rank constant current is less than front rank constant current, 5 stage strengths/amplitude successively decrease successively subset that constant current forms, 30,3K or 30K stage strength successively decreases the subset etc. formed successively continuously, and in the energising period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory of subset, in like manner can be set to intensity and successively decrease according to sequential.Described energising intensity sequential is successively decreased and is different from by driving actuation means 9a to reduce electric current mean intensity to the action effect of electric device, because the optimum amounts of current of manual control always exists real-time offsets, can not in very short time, fall stream in time by optimal way and fully save electric energy.The current maxima of described energising time domain, includes T
1sequential arranges maxim when starting, or startup is no more than T
1/ 3 time domains reach maxim, successively decrease in any way afterwards with sequential, to T
1sequential arranges minimum value or returns 0 when stopping.The scheme that this selected objective target realizes is numerous, such as, be set to sequential linear decrease, or be set to by maxim by 2
krelation is successively decreased, and K span is the positive number of 0.1 to 0.99, etc.; Shown in Fig. 6 b is the design plan that a kind of two rank constant currents are successively decreased with sequential; Fig. 6 c is a kind of first rank current constant, the curved design plan successively decreased of second order electric current; Fig. 6 d is a kind of multi-stage current is the design plan successively decreased continuously, and its current amplitude envelope is more close to I
t/ A=(I
0-I
g)
preference relation, power savings is better; The amplitude envelope trend schematic diagram that Fig. 6 e successively decreases to be a kind of electric current of the sequential end time that is energized be not 0, therebetween intensity sequential.
Concerning a stator unit 3a combines the simple analysis example of a rotor unit 3b, rotor unit is not in the electromagnetic force valid interval of stator unit around the axial period most of the time, first should consider T break period in preferred electric current timing cycles T during programming
0, and then preferred power-off time T
2with T current"on"time
1, improve the degree of utilization of electric energy, Fig. 6 f is a kind of sequential logic schematic diagram driving energising of this analysis case.
Fig. 7 a is the structural representation sketch of corresponding 8 rotor units of stator unit, stator unit rim swing circle π respectively with 8 rotor unit generation magnetic action, the sequential electric current theory that power supply modulator is corresponding is divided into 8 (T
1+ T
2+ T
0) cycle, it is π/8, the T corresponding with rim hand of rotation that Fig. 7 b denotes a kind of T of setting
1, T
2and T
0schematic frequency domain, Fig. 7 c is the energising logical schematic in one of them cycle, and this unitized design proposes high requirement to power supply modulator.Fig. 8 is the structural representation sketch of corresponding 12 rotor units of stator unit, stator unit in rim swing circle respectively with 12 rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces.Rotor unit is not The more the better on rim, and it arranges number n and is limited to the interval corresponding space occupy-place of suffered stator unit electromagnetic force useful effect, otherwise can affect the cycle design of power supply modulator output timing electric current.
As shown in Figure 9, in the rotation of wheel cycle, power supply modulator will provide 8 cycles for (T for two stator units respectively
1+ T
2+ T
0) sequential electric current, this combination proposes higher designing requirement to power supply modulator.4 stator units can be selected further to combine 10 rotor units, 6 stator units combine 12 rotor units, etc.In theory when H stator unit 3a and n rotor unit 3b unitized design, if power supply modulator is to the discrete power supply of H stator unit 3a winding, need corresponding design n*H electric current sequential, i.e. n*H (T
1+ T
2+ T
0) electric current sequential, programming will be very complicated; Therefore in the utility system design of multiple stator unit, preferred H stator unit winding electric series combination, or H stator unit winding is divided into some groups of external source modulator, the inside windings in series of such as 4 stator units, tap totally three external electric connection of power supply modulator of line are drawn in the middle of series connection winding, the difference of the differetial-potential that technically these three lines also can be utilized to compare between two, as the signal source that a kind of rotor unit and stator unit relative position differentiate, substitute the independent sensing unit arranged.
In theory, also at rim, several stator units on a rotor unit and vehicle frame can be installed and combine, though this equivalent arrangements can be implemented technically, but because of the cost of stator unit relatively high, not preferred scheme.
Power supply modulator can realize by ordinary tap circuit layout or pulse digit technology, preferred the latter, its fundamental functional modules generally comprises power converting circuit, the microprocessor of internal memory contain job procedure and signal input and output circuit, the sequential electric current of driver module output is correspondingly controlled by sensing unit 3c feedback signal, Dynamic controlling is carried out to electric device 3, its work-based logic such as Fig. 5 a shows, and Fig. 5 b is a kind of block combiner schematic diagram realizing the digital means logic of power supply modulator basic function.
The work-based logic transformation directive signal of power supply modulator normally obtains from the sensing unit 3c be connected in vehicle frame, sensing unit is not limited to use magnetoelectric induction winding or Hall element, also photoelectric encoder etc. can be used, when rotor unit moves around axial period, the rate of change that sensing unit can obtain electric current (voltage) feeds back to power supply modulator, and power supply modulator is sentenced according to this induced signal the relative position of knowing rotor unit and correspondingly sent electric current sequential.According to the operating accuracy of sensing unit and reliability requirement, can one or several sensing units be set on vehicle frame, even be deformed into from the mode of said stator unit Multiple coil feedback and use stator unit Double-wire ring around winding feedback mode obtain work-based logic transformation directive signal, now the induced signal input end 1c of power supply modulator is corresponding built-in, and its response process proposes high requirement to the logical program of power supply modulator.Due to the development of large-scale integration circuit technology, the programming technique realizing the conversion of above-mentioned work-based logic is that industry professional person is known, and institute is it is to be understood that basic design parameter such as sequential current cycle, energising subset time domain and amplitude change and therebetween break periods.
To sum up, described power supply modulator 1 is a logic power on-off system comprising the design of two-stage period/frequency, and one is T
1the period/frequency design of m subset in energising time domain, the amplitude that this frequency is more high is more beneficial to approaching theory economize on electricity optimization is successively decreased relational design; Two is sequential power cycles/frequencies, reflect unit time internal stator unit 3a to the energization action number of times of rotor unit 3b, this time sequence frequency remote definition speed of a motor vehicle and energising amplitude required for stator unit or electromagnetic force (coming from power supply modulator to be energized to the winding of stator unit), because T
1the amplitude of energising time domain is larger, and unit time internal stator unit energising is larger to the application force of rotor unit, effect number of times is more, and it is faster that its result reflects the speed of a motor vehicle.The time sequence frequency of power supply modulator institute outgoing current, rotates the implicit (T of one-period with rim
1+ T
2+ T
0) sequential effect number of times, energising mean intensity and the speed of a motor vehicle be mutually corresponding all physical quantity relations, therefore after power supply modulator many imposes a condition and enter logic working state, the frequency controlling sequential energising namely controls the speed of a motor vehicle.This manual control speed of a motor vehicle is that power supply modulator can be arranged on the optional position on vehicle frame by driving the input end 1d of actuation means 9a electric connection of power supply modulator to realize.
The battery-driven car higher to technical requirements, can use T
2the electromagnetic force brake function of electric device is set up in time domain energising specially, and preferred T
0part or all of time domain respective synchronization be transformed to energising work-based logic, strengthen braking effect; The corresponding brake signal input end 1e set up of power supply modulator is electrically connected with electromagnetic brake device 9b, as shown in Figure 5 c; From the design concept of safety first, too much need not consider for the power saving of brake of electric vehicle energising.Electromagnetic brake device 9b can be set to a continuous or multistage rheostat, the braking energising intensity that its function exports for controllable power modulator, and braking electrical current is larger, and electromagnetic braking effect is better.
The scheme that rotor unit 3a is fixed on rigid metal rim 6 can have multiple, such as, rotor unit is connected in inner edge or the outer rim of rim, also rotor unit can be entrenched in rim inside and carry out integrated design manufacture with rim.Stator unit arranges main points on vehicle frame, to make rotor unit with its formation, the necessary relative air gap 3d of magnetic action effectively occur in Periodic Rotating, this air gap is that stator unit transmits the energy channel of electromagnetic force to rotor unit, air gap is more little is more conducive to magnetic energy effect transmission, but the too small easy generation Mechanical Contact of air gap, needs comprehensive rigidity and the machining accuracy of holding material during design.
Electric device 3 is at least arranged on a wheel of battery-driven car, and a described wheel comprises the accurate single-wheel structure of single-wheel and coaxial compact installation two wheel.The electric device layout of electro-tricycle shown in Fig. 1 is a kind of preferred structure example that stator unit is arranged on the vehicle frame of rim inner edge, and this layout also can be changed into stator unit and be arranged on structure on rim outer rim vehicle frame; It is noted that when stator unit 3a is arranged at rim outside, the corresponding normal component that rotor unit is subject to electromagnetic force deviates from axle center 7, without corresponding braking function.
Sensing unit 3c is preferably arranged on position in the trapping gap rim periodically relative with rotor unit, also can be arranged on outside rim, even can be arranged on another rim position to two-wheel car.
The control unit 2 of general battery-driven car comprises the conventional using function such as illuminating lamp, turning/brake signal lamp, sound ring control, be made up of the source switch of several electrical connection battery pack, such source switch can be arranged separately, also correlation function can be implanted power supply modulator system to realize, the unified programming of shared data bus.
Drive rheostat that the traditional product of actuation means 9a is a deformation design, that manually easily manipulate or potential device, with technical development in recent years, the special actuation means be much based upon on photosensitive, Hall control principle basis reaches its maturity, this series products is generally designed to conventional rotating handles formula, also can be designed to plug-type joystick or other any manual control modes, comprise remote control mode.Battery pack 8 can be placed on reserve battery case and be arranged in any way on vehicle frame 4, or is arranged on frame interior, or chimeric with the parts on vehicle frame, such as, back rest frame is designed to bilayer, and intermediate course is used for placing battery case; Also can be designed with the lifting attachment of battery box in the bottom of back rest frame, battery box be designed to two splits be lifted on back rest frame respectively under trailing wheel both sides, etc.
Battery-driven car of the present invention is magnetic carrier base material and the scheme being equipped with sequential current control owing to employing magnetizer, the foot-operated battery-driven car no longer resembling use ordinary wheel hub electrical motor, there is damping, be applicable to installing moveable endless additional, such as be arranged with foot-operated hinge wheel riding seat, be connected with the flywheel being arranged on hind axle by chain, make it to become electronic, the battery-driven car of pedal double-purpose; The present invention is applicable to the battery-driven car of single-wheel and many wheel constructions, Moped Scooter and electronic, autocycle, and preference is only recommendation, and the capable of being combined and use of some technical schemes, partly can use and also can add other mature technologys.As long as according to the magnetic current energy feature of electric device 3, by the sequential electric current that can accurately control power supply modulator 1 design, the basic fundamental target of the present invention program can be realized.
To the professional person that battery-driven car and motor technology are comparatively understood in depth, be all not difficult on scheme basis of the present invention, be out of shape with drawing inferences about other cases from one instance and implement content of the present invention.Such as on the pulse direct-current motor basis of existing market, carry out part by the change of sensing mode and the conversion of controller current sequence and implement the present invention.Successively decrease design feature, the infrastructure arrangement of electric device and the distortion of derivative technology thereof of the amplitude of the electric current sequential control method of power supply modulator of the present invention and energising time domain is implemented, and all should be put into protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1,
The assistance type electro-tricycle of two wheel constructions after a kind of, select hand-held design vehicle frame 4 as shown in Figure 1, girth is the wheel 5 of 1000mm, electric device 3 is designed to the combination of an a rotor unit 3b and stator unit 3a, position near the front-wheel rim being arranged on electro-tricycle, battery pack 8 selects plumbic acid colloid battery, is arranged on vehicle frame 4 position of the bottom, compartment of electro-tricycle.
Rotor unit 3b selects ferromagnet, is processed into the cell type junior unit that length is 15mm, and width gets maxim when not affecting rim outer rubber wheel, snugly fits into the outer rim of the rim 6 that Ti-Al alloy material is made; Stator unit 3a selects market to be easy to the channel magnet purchased around core, there is more magnetic domain in this ferromagnet inside, under outside magnetic field effect, magnetic domain easily turns to and produces the complementary field consistent and much better than with outer magnetic field direction, and spill is processed into the circular arc corresponding with rim around core bottom; Coil winding is formed around spill magnetic core 45 circle by the copper cash of a diameter 0.80mm, Installation features: Installation features: vehicle frame 4 position by captive screw, stator unit being connected in close rim inner edge, spill around core top just to the inner edge (as shown in Figure 3 c) of rim 6, the corresponding coaxial rim 6 occupy-place 45 degree of mechanical angles in two ends, top, two ends and rim inner edge form the interval of 9mm.
Set maximum speed per hour and be about 20km/h and 5.6m/s, speed limit corresponding wheel 5 spin cycle time got by meter is 180ms, (the T that namely speed limit is corresponding
1+ T
2+ T
0) timing cycles minimum value T is 180ms, driving T current"on"time that wherein speed limit is corresponding
1value 7ms, all the other 173ms are off-position.The average current that the corresponding maximum speed per hour of power supply modulator exports is 28A when rated voltage is set to 48V, and this current value is one and designs in conjunction with electric device 3 according to complete vehicle weight, the specified body weight of chaufeur and through the value of test inhabitant area, to be as the criterion with experiment value.
Power supply modulator 1 is realized by conventional electrical control path, design maximum overload capacity 1500W, its power input 1a is electrically connected the both positive and negative polarity of battery pack 8, Timing driver current output terminal 1b is electrically connected the coil winding of stator unit 3a, induced signal input end 1c is electrically connected sensing unit 3c, and train signal input end 1d is electrically connected and drives actuation means 9a.Sensing unit is made up of a magnetoelectric induction winding, by captive screw, sensing unit is connected in the position of close front-wheel 5 rim 6 inner edge on vehicle frame 4.
The external driving actuation means 9a of this electro-tricycle adopts the rotating potentiometer of stepless variable resistance, Conventional hand grips formula, by the Aided design with electronic control circuit, control the intensity of current of power supply modulator output in real time by changing resistance, thus control the normal speed of a motor vehicle of Electrical Bicycle.The control unit 2 of the illuminating lamp that Electrical Bicycle routine uses, the turning/power on/off such as brake signal lamp, sound ring manipulation, all adopts commercial products supporting.
The work-based logic of power supply modulator setting is: relative with stator unit 3a and rotor unit 3b periodicity trapping gap 3d, to be in same normal 10 state (
be the state position of 0) be designated as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, when driving actuation means 9a or add manpower assistant provide electro-tricycle drive singal and rotor unit 3b around axle to reference seat target coaxial method to angle
reach
position time (about 20 degree of angles, meticulous be as the criterion with experiment value), sensing unit 3c sends induced signal notice power supply modulator and starts and export 20A electric current; When rotor unit at every turn around axle to reference seat timestamp, power supply modulator carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this period, by comparing period to reference seat target with rotor unit forward last time, know the instantaneous value of this period, and according to real-time status, further work logic is judged: if drive actuation means without input instruction, power supply modulator dormancy; If the instruction driving actuation means to provide accelerates, then power supply modulator is in next cycle
reach
in the moment of position, perform T
1with (T
2+ T
0) ratio is the switching electricity sequential of 7:173, the mean intensity of in real time energising provides by driving actuation means; If drive actuation means to maintain the state of corresponding power modulator outgoing current close to 28A, the logic state of this setting is by more and more higher for the frequency making power supply modulator sequential be energized, in corresponding wheel 5 each cycle, stator unit 3a gets more and more to the electromagnetic force number of times of rotor unit 3b, and the speed of a motor vehicle is more and more faster; When sequential energising frequency maintains the state of 28A constantly higher than set 1/180ms or the continuous 3s of power supply modulator outgoing current, the unconditional power-off of power supply modulator and reach the design objective of automatic speed-limiting.
This electro-tricycle is arranged with foot-operated hinge wheel riding seat, be connected with the flywheel being arranged on hind axle by chain, use ferromagnet due to electric device and be equipped with sequential current control, foot-operated do not resemble to use common motor there is damping, make it the electro-tricycle becoming electronic, pedal double-purpose performance is all superior.
Embodiment 2,
The sequential electric current of embodiment 1 power supply modulator is changed into: T
1energising time domain is set to the mutually corresponding constant current of two sections of time and intensities, and feature is the intensity of current I of rear 1/2 time
2/ A is front 1/2 time current intensity I
1the half of/A; Power supply modulator work-based logic is adjusted to: when stator unit winding start energising time, power supply modulator in 5s with I
1intensity 22A (corresponding I
2for 11A) for benchmark, corresponding rotation of wheel cycle every next cycle strengthen the electric current sequential of 15% output intensity automatically, the relative scale of two sections of energising time domains is set 1:1; From actuation means 9a further work to be driven instructions such as 6s are initial: if drive actuation means without input instruction, power supply modulator dormancy; If drive actuation means to provide assisted instruction, then power supply modulator starts the energising moment in next cycle, performs T
1with (T
2+ T
0) ratio is 7:173 and I
1with I
2intensity of current 1:1, current"on"time ratio 1:1 electric current sequential, the mean intensity of in real time energising provides by driving actuation means.
All the other are identical with embodiment 1, and the slow acceleration mode of the present embodiment more adapts to safe design requirement.In the moment of aforementioned power source modulator firing energising, coaxial method can be changed into angle
it is the state of 19 degree or 18 degree.
Embodiment 3,
The energising timing optimization of power supply modulator is by the basis of embodiment 1: at T
1be set to the electric current that 5 periods of current"on"time, identical but intensity of current rule was successively decreased in energising sequential, 5 sections of energising intensity press K*I
1the linear relationship hierarchical subtractive clustering of/A, decline factor K is 0.7, i.e. T
1the intensity of current of 5 periods of current"on"times of sequential is respectively 28A, 19.6A, 13.72A, 9.60A, 6.72A.The energising work-based logic of the present embodiment power supply modulator uses the realization of conventional electrical circuit more complicated, and manufacturing cost is also higher, is optimized for and adopts pulse digit technology to realize.
Power supply modulator 1 nucleus module comprises the driver module of a conventional CPU and design horse power 2KW, its refinement work-based logic as shown in Figure 5 b, wherein impulse transfer modulate circuit mainly completes and impulse singla is converted to step signal, pulse signal generator mainly produces required impulse singla, secondly through the pulse of differential circuit output spike, then through the negative half period filtering of limiter circuit by spike, only remaining positive axis spike, carry out integration with the integrating circuit of integrated transporting discharging composition to add up, add voltage comparator and control circuit, just constitute complete step pulse signal, parameter adjustment is carried out to each element of circuit, thus be met the step signal of following work-based logic requirement.Power supply modulator is at T
1in energising sequential, by the pulse current that control chip (CPU) makes driver module produce a series of amplitude to successively decrease with sequential, impulse rate 30KHz, all the other and embodiment 1 are roughly the same, the present embodiment is because have employed ripe pulse digit technology, work-based logic set by easy realization, cost is low.
Embodiment 4,
By embodiment 3 at T
1pulse subset amplitude in energising time domain is set to LINEAR CONTINUOUS and successively decreases relation, i.e. corresponding T
1when starting current is 28A, the amplitude envelope trend of power supply modulator energising time domain is in (28-6.72) Sin
rule successively decrease.Sensing unit 3c is changed into the vehicle frame position be connected near front-wheel rim outer rim by the present embodiment simultaneously, and the pulse subset envelope exported because of power supply modulator have selected the sequential more optimized and to successively decrease relation, and electro-tricycle travels that to save electric energy effect better than embodiment 3.
The present embodiment can install two sensing unit 3c further to improve the functional reliability of position signal sensing.Described electric device, also can correspondingly be arranged on the front-wheel of two-wheel car, trailing wheel and single wheel cycle.
Embodiment 5,
The present embodiment uses T
2time domain energising sets up electromagnetic force brake function specially to embodiment 4, and electromagnetic brake device 9b is ten grades of rheostats, and the brake signal input end 1e that set up corresponding to power supply modulator is electrically connected, as shown in Figure 5 c.The brake logic of power supply modulator is: when manual control electromagnetic brake device 9b sends brake signal, and power supply modulator cuts off T
1corresponding sequential electric current, starts T simultaneously
2time domain is energized, T
2start time domain and be set in sensing unit 3c perception rotor unit 3b around axle 7 forward extremely
it is 6 degree of time periods to 0 position; Ten grades of resistance shelves of the corresponding electromagnetic brake device 9b of the braking current that power supply modulator exports are set to ten grades of intensity, and ten grades of intensities of current that setting exports are: chopped-off head 5A, final stage 28A, ten grades of electric currents are on average arranged.
The present embodiment is owing to having additional the soft actuating brake device of electromagnetism, and slowing effect is mild.
Embodiment 6,
The brake logic of embodiment 5 power supply modulator is optimized for: as startup T
2while time domain energising, by T
0the work-based logic of part time domain is synchronously transformed to energising, this T
0the numerical value of part time domain is designated as (T
1+ T
2), energising Startup time with
it is 0 beginning timing; Power supply modulator is at this T
0the braking current intensity that part time domain exports and T
2time domain identical (the corresponding wheel of this time domain runs 20 degree of angles along front veer).
The present embodiment adds rotor unit around the time period of axle away from stator unit to the braking of electric device energising time domain, and this braking energising time domain may correspond to that cycle sequential is approximate to be set as: at (T
1+ T
2+ T
0) in sequential, the T of initial 7/20
1time domain power-off, the afterwards (T of 7/20
2+ T
0) time domain be all set to energising.
The present embodiment strengthens the braking effect of electromagnetic brake than embodiment 5, and driving safety coefficient is higher; And it is aforesaid
it is the time period that also can change to 3 degree ~ 0 degree of position 6 degree of time periods to 0 degree of position.
Embodiment 7,
For strengthening the motorized effect of electro-tricycle, the present embodiment, on previous example basis, changes into installation 8 rotor unit 3b at rim 6, and the signal of its unitized construction as shown in Figure 7a.
In the present embodiment, stator unit 3a in wheel swing circle respectively with 8 the rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces of well-distributed on rim, underlying parameter continues to select with reference to embodiment 1, such as wheel circumference is selected as 1000mm, and rotation of wheel period that maximum speed per hour is about 20Km/h and 5.6m/s, maximum speed per hour corresponding is 180ms; The corresponding wheel of power supply modulator 15 one swing circle respective design have 8 (T
1+ T
2+ T
0) electric current sequential, the T that wheel periodic model is corresponding
1, T
2and T
0as shown in Figure 7b, the timing cycles that the max speed is corresponding is 22.5ms in sequential region; The large scale digital logical switch integrated circuit that selected technology is obviously dominant is by each (T of programming realization
1+ T
2+ T
0) time sequential pulse subset, Fig. 7 c is one of them T corresponding
1the pulse subset logical schematic in cycle, preferably (T
1: T
2: T
0) time period relative ratio 4.25:7:11.25.
The method of the time sequential pulse subset that power supply modulator 1 sets and work-based logic and embodiment 5 roughly the same, sensing unit 3c sends the energising that induced signal notice power supply modulator 1 starts setting means, by the sequential energising frequency of period regulation record, the real-time speed of a motor vehicle can be known, when sequential energising frequency is higher than 1/22.5ms, the unconditional power-off of power supply modulator 1 and reach automatic speed-limiting.
Embodiment 8,
The present embodiment arranges two stator unit 3a on vehicle frame 4, stator unit changes into cylindrical around core, number of turns of winding is identical with embodiment 1, cylindrical vertical to the corresponding normal of coaxial rim 6 around core two ends line 12 during installation, as shown in Figure 3 a, the combination of two stator unit 3a string shapes is arranged on the position near rim inner edge, two ends and interval, rim inner edge air gap 8mm, head and the tail two ends corresponding occupy-place and axle center angle about 36 degree of angles on rim; Install 8 rotor unit 3b at rim 6, its local structure as shown in Figure 9.
8 rotor unit 3b and rim 6 carry out integrated design, and rotor unit is entrenched in rim inside.
Two stator unit 3a are arranged on any side of rim on vehicle frame 4, inner winding electric series connection, common to rim well-distributed 8 rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces in the rotation of wheel cycle; Power supply modulator corresponding rotation of wheel period is 8 (T
1+ T
2+ T
0) sequential; Power supply modulator start moment of drive current be sensing unit 3c perception rotor unit around axle to angle
reach
(
about 18 degree of Angle Position, the state that rotor unit overlaps with suffered electromagnetic force direction around axle tangential direction, fine location is by measuring) moment of position.
In the present embodiment, power supply time domain is driven to be defined as
from
extremely
the corresponding time period.
Embodiment 9,
In embodiment 8, two stator unit 3a are mounted in the side of rim 6 on vehicle frame 4, because two stator units are not in the wheel plane that 8 rotor unit 3b and axle 7 form, micro-deviation is existed to the electromagnetic force direction of rotor unit and the direction of driving, if do not made optimizing and revising of mechanical layout to stator around core and mount scheme thereof, then when big current is energized to stator unit inside winding, driving may be caused understable at left and right directions.The present embodiment is the mechanical layout's defect overcoming this one-sided installation two stator units, change two stator units on the vehicle frame of rim both sides space symmetr to install respectively, notice during electricity series connection that the energising magnetic direction of the inner winding of two stator units is identical, driving effect is more relatively stable than embodiment 9.
The present embodiment changes design battery pack being directly installed on vehicle frame 4 further, battery pack is arranged on the battery box that surface design has some grooves, this groove is corresponding with the convex tendon of compartment lower frame 4, makes battery box can embed compartment lower frame 4 easily, additional fastener.
In the present embodiment, power supply time domain is driven to be defined as
from
extremely
the corresponding time period.
Embodiment 10,
On the basis of embodiment 8 and 9, the present embodiment adopt 8 as described in Example 8 cylindrical around core stator unit, the vehicle frame 4 of rim 6 inner edge is symmetrical arranged, every side arranges 4 stator units, Installation features: cylindrically to overlap around the normal 10 of core two ends line 12 with rim coaxial residing for stator unit, as shown in Figure 3 b; The Timing driver current output terminal 1b of electric connection of power supply modulator 1 in parallel after the inner windings in series of 4, both sides stator unit, notice during electricity series connection that the energising magnetic direction of the inner winding of each stator unit is identical, stator unit occupy-place 60 degree of mechanical angles on rim in 4, every side are on average arranged, and all the other and embodiment 8 and 9 are roughly the same.The present embodiment combines because adopting multiple stator unit, and power effect is better.
In the present embodiment, power supply time domain is driven to be defined as
from
position extremely
the position corresponding time period, braking power supply time domain is defined as
from
the position corresponding time period is spent in position to 0.
Embodiment 11,
The electric device that embodiment 9 designs is arranged on two wheels of electric two-wheel vehicle, namely the rim 6 that front-wheel and vehicle frame 4 position corresponding to trailing wheel are provided with 2 stator unit 3a, front-wheel and trailing wheels is all provided with 8 and carries out with rim the rotor unit 3b that integrated design manufactures, in vehicle frame 4 position of front-wheel and trailing wheel rim 6 inner edge, a sensing unit 3c is respectively set, power supply modulator 1 relative set is that two-way electric current exports and is electrically connected the coil winding of front-wheel and trailing wheel stator unit 3a respectively, can obtain the motorized effect of multiplexing dynamic force.
In the present embodiment, power supply time domain is driven to be defined as
the position corresponding time period from 18 degree to 15 degree, braking power supply time domain is defined as
from
position to 0 spend and rotor unit around axle from
be 0 it is 18 degree of Angle Position corresponding time periods of reversing sense away from stator unit.
Embodiment 12,
The electric device 3 that embodiment 8 designs is mounted in the front-wheel of three-wheel vehicle, this front-wheel is deformed into two wheels (accurate single-wheel) of coaxial compact installation by the present embodiment, 8 rotor unit 3b of all built-in integrated design manufacture of rim 6 of two wheels 5.2 stator unit 3a are arranged on the vehicle frame 4 of rim 6 middle part of two coaxial compact installations, and power supply modulator 1 and battery pack 8 are arranged on the optional position on vehicle frame 4.
The present embodiment, owing to electric drive wheel being designed to the accurate single-wheel structure of two coaxial compact installations of wheel, makes the accurate three-wheel vehicle of installation two front vehicle wheels (accurate single-wheel) structure can obtain the more stable effect of electric running.
Embodiment 13,
Electric device 3 is located at the accurate single-wheel structure design of coaxial compact installation two wheels, even former and later two are taken turns and are out of shape enforcement for the front-wheel of the electric two-wheel vehicle of two-wheeled design, trailing wheel before and after conventional, 8 rotor unit 3b of all built-in integrated design manufacture of rim 6 of two wheels 5,2 stator unit 3a are arranged on the vehicle frame 4 of two rim 6 middle parts, and power supply modulator 1 and battery pack 8 are arranged on vehicle frame 4 optional position.
The present embodiment, owing to electric drive wheel being designed to the accurate single-wheel structure of two coaxial compact installations of wheel, makes the electric running effect of the accurate two-wheeled structure electric two-wheel car of deformation design more stable.
Embodiment 14,
Electric three-wheel truck electric device is arranged on the design of front-wheel, changes into and coaxially installing on two trailing wheels simultaneously; Sensing unit 3c is arranged on front-wheel rim inner edge, and the vehicle frame any part in the front-wheel cycle in the face of sensing unit, arranges one piece of permanent magnet specially, makes sensing unit periodically respond to acquisition transducing signal with rotation of wheel.
Vehicle frame 4 position that two trailing wheels are corresponding is provided with 2 stator unit 3a, rim 6 is all provided with 8 and carries out with rim the rotor unit 3b that integrated design manufactures, electric device 1 relative set is that two-way exports and is electrically connected the stator unit 3a of coaxial parallel two-wheeled respectively, can obtain the motorized effect of multiplexing dynamic force.The present embodiment is installed because two electric drive wheels are coaxially parallel, and during turning driving, two trailing wheels exist differential, therefore should design speed limit especially, or by the differential program to the built-in turning driving of power supply modulator 1, make turning driving more stable.
The present embodiment, in the coaxially parallel design of installing electric device of two trailing wheels, may extend to the electric four-wheel vehicle in all regions, is even designed to four wheels and all installs electric device.
Embodiment 15,
Technology distortion is implemented to the basic design of embodiment 1, the Installation features on vehicle frame 4 of the stator unit 3a described in embodiment 1, be stator unit 3a spill around the top of core just to the inner edge of rim 6, and rim 6 inner edge forms the interval of 8mm.The present embodiment is deformed into: stator unit 3a spill is around the top of core against deflection 5 degree of angles, rotation of wheel direction, and all the other and embodiment 1 are roughly the same.The present embodiment is because forming the angle of inclination of electromagnetic field after the energising of stator unit 3a Inside coil winding, more meet rotor unit 3b with dynamicmodel periodically attracting in wheel 5 rotation, acquired implementation result is better than embodiment 1.
Embodiment 16,
The winding of two stator units of embodiment 8 is electrically connected in series, single-phase external, and the electrical connection loop respective design of power supply modulator 1 is two lines; Two stator unit 3a winding electric are connected in series mouth and draw a tap by the present embodiment, change into three lines that two-phase is external, the electrical connection correspondence of power supply modulator 1 is designed to three wire circuit, time sequential pulse electric current mean allocation in each loop that three lines are formed of its corresponding output; What the present embodiment can utilize the external two-phase of stator unit 3a winding to feed back compares differetial-potential difference between two, rotates the signal source of relative position differentiation as a kind of rotor unit with wheel 5, substitutes the independent sensing unit arranged.
Embodiment 17,
The stator unit winding of embodiment 1 is changed into two-wire wounded core, two windings are formed around spill magnetic core 45 circle by the copper cash of two diameter 0.80mm, the sequential current output terminal that one of them winding electric connects power supply modulator is powered for power, another winding is used as to substitute the independent sensing unit arranged, and rotates the judgment signal source of relative position as rotor unit with wheel 5.
The stator unit Winding Design of the present embodiment can also be optimized for further: power power winding by a diameter 0.80mm copper cash wounded core 45 enclose form, sensing winding by a diameter 0.20mm copper cash wounded core 18 enclose form, more can save copper material.
Above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is modified or equivalent replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a LEV (Light Electric Vehicle), is characterized in that, described battery-driven car comprises power supply modulator (1), drives actuation means (9a), vehicle frame (4) and at least one wheel (5); At least one wheel of described battery-driven car is supporting arranges electric device (3); Described electric device comprises at least one stator unit (3a) and at least one rotor unit (3b); Described stator unit is arranged on the vehicle frame (4) of rim (6); Described rotor unit is arranged on rim, and it is made up of the magnetic conductive media solid of non-permanent magnet or software shaped material, and with rotation of wheel, its air gap (3d) relative to the periodicity that stator unit is formed is not more than 80mm;
The power supply modulator of described battery-driven car comprises power input (1a), driving signal input (1d) and sequential current output terminal (1b), the both positive and negative polarity of described power input electrical connection battery pack (8), the inside winding of sequential current output terminal electrical connection stator unit (3a), driving signal input electrical connection drives actuation means (9a); The instruction of described power supply modulator by driving actuation means to obtain user, and the inside winding output timing electric current to stator unit.
2. battery-driven car according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described stator unit (3a) is formed around the magnetic core of magnetic media material by least one group of good conductor loop, it combines on vehicle frame arranges by connected in series or in parallel between the winding that obtains, or by drawing the multi-thread external loop of centre tap composition between different winding.
3. battery-driven car according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described battery-driven car also comprises sensing device, and described sensing device comprises some sensing units (3c) responding to described rotor unit (3b) and stator unit (3a) relative position; Described sensing unit is electrically connected with the transducing signal input end (1c) of described power supply modulator; Inner edge or the outer rim of the front-wheel of described battery-driven car at least on vehicle frame (4) or trailing wheel, wheel (5) arrange a sensing unit.
4. battery-driven car according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described sensing device comprises the inside winding of stator unit (3a), and described inner winding comprises around the winding of stator unit magnetic core and by the multi-thread external loop be in series between some stator unit windings.
5. battery-driven car according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described battery-driven car also comprises electromagnetic brake device (9b), described power supply modulator also comprises speed-slackening signal input end (1e), its electrical connection electromagnetic brake device (9b), electromagnetic brake device (9b) obtain user brake instruction and in the inside winding output current of corresponding time sequence to the stator unit (3a) of electric device (3).
6. battery-driven car according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described battery-driven car comprise a wheel and or the battery-driven car of multiple wheel and electronic, autocycle; The described wheel (5) arranging electric device (3), comprises the accurate single-wheel structure of single-wheel and coaxial compact installation two wheels.
7., based on the driving method of the arbitrary battery-driven car of claim 1 ~ 6, according to described rotor unit, (position relationship of 3a and described stator unit (3b) controls vehicle wheel rotation by power supply modulator (1) output timing drive current to the method;
Described sequential defines according to rotation of wheel direction, described sequential electric current arranges several make and break periods T according to the useful effect interval of stator unit electromagnetic field on rim in conjunction with the rotor unit number on rim, and described make and break period comprises power supply time domain and power-off time domain; Described power supply time domain, is positioned at rotor unit when axle convergence stator unit
corresponding time domain, described in
the normal determined around axle and with axle for rotor unit and stator unit and axle determine the dynamic angle that normal is formed, described in
for rotor unit around axle tangential direction and stator unit electromagnetic force direction equal state suffered by it determined
value; The current waveform of described power supply time domain, frequency and dutycycle are not limit; Power supply modulator (1) not outgoing current in described power-off time domain.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described power supply modulator at least comprises the different period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory of two sections of current amplitudes and diminishes successively in electric current chronologically in power supply time domain, and the amplitude in its power supply time domain or period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory linearly to be successively decreased relation with sequential;
Or in 2
kto successively decrease relation, described index K value 0.1 to 0.99;
Or be following relation:
wherein I0 is initial energising intensity, and Ig is the intensity of current of energising end time.
9. the method according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that, described energising time domain T
1in the magnetic flux density of initial electric current, voltage or stator unit (3a) obtain road speed instantaneous value by sensing device and combine the instruction that drives actuation means (9a) to provide and adjust.
10. the method according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that, described method also comprises aligning step; Described aligning step be with stator unit (3a) and rotor unit (3b) periodically trapping gap (3d) relative,
be 0 state be designated as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, when rotor unit goes to reference seat timestamp at every turn, power supply modulator carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this period, compare period by going to reference seat target last time with rotor unit, thus know spin cycle time and the speed of a motor vehicle, and control outgoing current.
11. based on the braking method of the arbitrary battery-driven car of claim 1 ~ 6, the method is relative with the coaxial normal in stator unit place according to described rotor unit convergence stator unit, rotor unit and in being in away from state at least one time domain, power supply modulator (1) output timing current control wheel braking;
The time domain of described rotor unit convergence stator unit is
the corresponding time period of state, described in
the normal determined around axle and with axle for rotor unit and stator unit and axle determine the dynamic angle that normal is formed, described in
for rotor unit around axle tangential direction and stator unit electromagnetic force direction equal state suffered by it determined
value.
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