CN105552354B - A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material, the negative material is the complex microsphere of special yolk structure, and the stratum nucleare of the complex microsphere is ferroso-ferric oxide(Fe3O4), shell is the cavity between stratum nucleare and shell to be formed after etching containing mesoporous C, N layer.Preparation method is:First, sol-gal process synthetic silica(SiO2)Nano-particle, hydro-thermal method synthesize Fe3O4Nano-particle;Then, in Fe3O4One layer of SiO of outer cladding2, then in SiO2One layer of outer cladding of layer is by SiO2The composite shell of nano-particle and melamine resin composition;Finally, by calcining and etching obtains yolk structure composite microballoon.Material structure of the present invention is novel, and cavity can inhibit Fe3O4The bulk effect of particle, the mesoporous diffusion velocity that can accelerate lithium ion improve electrochemical reaction speed, moreover it is possible to improve multiplying power and cycle performance while improving material electric conductivity and specific capacity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy technology fields and technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery
The preparation method of material.
Background technology
In recent years, for graphite because of its charge-discharge performance stabilization, theoretical specific capacity is 372 mAh g−1, it has been widely used
In the research of lithium ion battery negative material, but with the development of science and technology and electronic product, existing electric energy storage device is difficult
In meeting the new market demand.Data show, nano level transition metal oxide(MxOy, M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni etc.)Theoretical ratio
Capacity is higher, big as new energy materials development space.Wherein Fe3O4Theoretical capacity is 924mAh g−1, stability is good, price
Cheaply, it derives from a wealth of sources, is gradually used as lithium ion battery negative material.But Fe3O4Conductivity itself is low, easily occurs when cycle solidifying
Phenomena such as poly- and bulk effect, need to be further modified as negative material could meet real needs.
The Mn oxide lithium ion battery negative material of N doping C claddings has been made in Wang Jian-Gan et al., illustrates that N mixes
Miscellaneous carbon material has higher electronic transmission performance.Patent of invention CN104779378A describes a kind of mesoporous carbon fiber of germanium-
The preparation method of composite lithium ion battery negative material utilizes water-soluble quarter to solve the problems, such as volume expansion of germanium during removal lithium embedded
Erosion method prepares matrix of the carbon fiber as lithium cell cathode material of special meso-hole structure, and is compounded to form Ge MCF with ge source
Composite material has effectively buffered volume expansion of germanium during removal lithium embedded, while having improved the specific volume of lithium cell cathode material
Amount and cycle performance.Imagination space is provided for the novel lithium cell cathode material of design structure.
For lithium ion battery negative material structural instability in the prior art, the shortcomings that poor circulation, the present invention carries
A kind of Fe with special construction is gone out3O4The preparation method of composite material.Fe with special construction prepared by the present invention3O4
Composite material, stratum nucleare Fe3O4Material, shell are to contain mesoporous C, N layer.Stratum nucleare have higher theoretical capacity, shell it is mesoporous
With high specific surface area and uniform mesopore orbit, the transmission for lithium ion provides channel.The present invention is directed to be lithium battery
The research of negative material provides new approaches.
Invention content
For the above fact, a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material provided by the invention, including following step
Suddenly:
(1)Six water of ferric trichloride, anhydrous sodium acetate and sodium citrate are uniformly mixed with a certain amount of ethylene glycol, are added
Into autoclave, reacted 10~12 hours at 180~200 DEG C, by magnet will precipitation detach, successively use absolute ethyl alcohol and
Water washing, it is dry, obtain Fe3O4Nano-particle;
(2)Absolute ethyl alcohol and ammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise in 20 ~ 30 minutes again under mechanical agitation
To in above-mentioned mixed solution, being reacted at 20 ~ 30 DEG C 10 ~ 12 hours, absolute ethyl alcohol and water washing are used successively, it is dry, obtain SiO2
Nano-particle;
(3)By step(1)Gained Fe3O4Nano-particle, absolute ethyl alcohol and ammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, and at 20~25 DEG C, machinery stirs
It mixes 30~a certain amount of ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise after sixty minutes, mechanical agitation 10~12 hours is detached precipitation by magnet, according to
It is secondary that absolute ethyl alcohol and water washing, drying is used to obtain Fe3O4@SiO2Nano-particle;
(4)Melamine is dissolved in 37% formalin under 50~60 DEG C of water-baths, obtains the mixed solution of homogeneous transparent;
(5)By step(2)Gained SiO2After mixing, step is added in nano-particle and water(4)Middle gained mixed solution
And catalyst, it is reacted 0.5 ~ 3 hour under 50~60 DEG C of water-baths.Afterwards by step(3)Gained Fe3O4@SiO2On nano-particle is added
It states in mixed solution, continues to react 2~4 hours under these conditions, precipitation is detached by magnet, is washed with water, it is dry, it obtains
To Fe3O4@SiO2@(SiO2With melamine resin composite layer)Nano-particle;
(6)By step(5)Middle obtained solid product is sintered 4~6 hours in 600~850 DEG C of inert gas shielding atmosphere,
Obtain Fe3O4@SiO2@(SiO2With C-N composite layers);
(7)By step(6)Middle gained Fe3O4@SiO2@(SiO2With C-N composite layers)Nano-particle solid product, etching agent
It is mixed with water, is reacted 4~8 hours at 60~85 DEG C, precipitation is detached by magnet, is washed with water, it is dry, it obtains
Fe3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle.
Upper step(4)Described in the molar ratio of melamine and 37% formalin be 1:1~5.
Upper step(5)Described in catalyst be formic acid, glacial acetic acid or sodium hydroxide in one kind.
Upper step(7)Described in etching agent be one kind in hydrofluoric acid or sodium hydroxide.
It is compared with the prior art, a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material provided by the invention has following excellent
Point:
(1)The present invention makes full use of the magnetic responsiveness of magnetic material to detach, easy to operate simple;
(2)Fe prepared by the present invention3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano particle structure is unique, cavity energy
Inhibit Fe3O4The bulk effect of particle, the mesoporous diffusion velocity that can accelerate lithium ion improve electrochemical reaction speed;
(3)Fe prepared by the present invention3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle, shell C, N content are high,
It is used as lithium ion battery negative material, excellent electrical property.
Specific implementation mode
The above of the present invention is further illustrated but should not be interpreted as this below by way of specific embodiment
Present disclosure is only limitted to following examples.
Embodiment 1:
(1)Six water of 2.1g ferric trichlorides, 2.4g anhydrous sodium acetates and 0.35g sodium citrates are dissolved in 40ml ethylene glycol
In, ultrasonic disperse forms uniform suspension in 1 hour.By the suspension under room temperature mechanical agitation 1 hour, be added to later
It is reacted 10 hours in 180 DEG C in the reaction kettle of 100ml.Precipitation is detached by magnet, uses absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water each successively
It is 8 hours dry at washing 3 times, 40 DEG C, obtain Fe3O4Nano-particle;
(2)150ml absolute ethyl alcohols and 10ml ammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, then 5ml ethyl orthosilicates were dripped in 25 minutes
Finish, is reacted at 25 DEG C 10 hours, it is 10 hours dry at using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water respectively to wash 3 times, 40 DEG C successively, obtain SiO2
Nano-particle;
(3)By step(1)Gained Fe3O40.15g, 100ml absolute ethyl alcohol and 6ml ammonium hydroxide are mixed evenly, 25 DEG C of water-baths
After forty minutes, 4ml ethyl orthosilicates are slowly added dropwise in lower mechanical agitation, continue mechanical agitation 10 hours, and solution slowly becomes white.
Precipitation is detached by magnet, it is 10 hours dry at using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water respectively to wash 3 times, 40 DEG C successively, obtain Fe3O4@
SiO2Nano-particle;
(4)Take 37% formalin of 1.2g melamines and 3ml, magnetic agitation 30 minutes is complete to melamine at 60 DEG C
Dissolving, obtains the mixed solution of homogeneous transparent;
(5)Take step(2)Gained SiO2After mixing, step is added in nano-particle 0.1g and 100ml distilled water(4)Institute
Obtain the formalin and 1.5mL glacial acetic acids dissolved with melamine, mechanic whirl-nett reaction 1 hour under 50 DEG C of water-baths.Again by step
(3)Gained Fe3O4@SiO2Nano-particle 0.2g is added in above-mentioned mixed solution, and the reaction was continued under the same terms 2 hours.Pass through magnetic
Iron detaches precipitation, is washed with distilled water to drying 10 hours at lacking 3 times, 60 DEG C, obtains Fe3O4@SiO2@(SiO2With melamine tree
Fat composite layer)Nano-particle;
(6)By step(5)Gained nano-particle mortar grinder is placed at powder in crucible, is trained using tube furnace
It burns, condition is:Ar atmosphere is enclosed, 600 DEG C, keeps the temperature 4 hours, and heating rate is 1 DEG C/min.Wait for that temperature is down to initial temperature, by earthenware
Crucible takes out, and black solid is Fe3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle;
(7)Take step(6)Gained Fe3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle 0.2g and 1.0g hydroxide
Sodium is dissolved in 100ml water, and ultrasonic disperse obtains uniform suspension for 30 minutes, is reacted 4 hours at 60 DEG C.Precipitation is divided by magnet
From being washed with distilled water, at powder be Fe with mortar grinder dry 10 hours at 40 DEG C3O4@cavitys@(C-N nano-particles are situated between
Aperture layer)Powder.
Embodiment 2:
(1)Six water of 1.8g ferric trichlorides, 2.0g anhydrous sodium acetates and 0.3g sodium citrates are dissolved in 50ml ethylene glycol,
Ultrasonic disperse forms uniform suspension in 1 hour.By the suspension under room temperature mechanical agitation 2 hours, be added to 100ml later
Reaction kettle in 180 DEG C react 12 hours.Precipitation is detached by magnet, uses the respectively washing 3 of absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water successively
It is secondary, it is 10 hours dry at 40 DEG C, obtain Fe3O4Nano-particle;
(2)120ml absolute ethyl alcohols and 8ml ammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, then 4ml ethyl orthosilicates were dripped in 20 minutes
Finish, is reacted at 30 DEG C 10 hours, it is 12 hours dry at using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water respectively to wash 3 times, 40 DEG C successively, obtain SiO2
Nano-particle;
(3)By step(1)Gained Fe3O40.2g, 150ml absolute ethyl alcohol and 8ml ammonium hydroxide are mixed evenly, 20 DEG C of water-baths
5ml ethyl orthosilicates are slowly added dropwise after 50 minutes in lower mechanical agitation, continue mechanical agitation 12 hours, and solution slowly becomes white.
Precipitation is detached by magnet, it is 10 hours dry at using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water respectively to wash 3 times, 40 DEG C successively, obtain Fe3O4@
SiO2Nano-particle;
(4)Take 37% formalin of 1.5g melamines and 4ml, magnetic agitation 40 minutes is complete to melamine at 60 DEG C
Dissolving, obtains the mixed solution of homogeneous transparent;
(5)Take step(2)Gained SiO2Nano-particle 0.15g and 120ml distilled water be added after mixing it is above-mentioned dissolved with
The formalin and 1.0g sodium hydroxides of melamine, mechanic whirl-nett reaction 1 hour under 60 DEG C of water-baths.Again by step(3)Institute
Obtain Fe3O4@SiO2Nano-particle 0.1g is added in above-mentioned mixed solution, and the reaction was continued under the same terms 2 hours.It will by magnet
Precipitation separation is washed with distilled water to drying 10 hours at lacking 3 times, 60 DEG C, obtains Fe3O4@SiO2@(SiO2It is multiple with melamine resin
Close layer)Nano-particle;
(6)By step(5)Gained nano-particle mortar grinder is placed at powder in crucible, is trained using tube furnace
It burns, condition is:Ar atmosphere is enclosed, 700 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5 hours, and heating rate is 1 DEG C/min.Wait for that temperature is down to initial temperature, by earthenware
Crucible takes out, and black solid is Fe3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle;
(7)Take step(6)Gained Fe3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle 0.15g and 2ml hydrofluoric acid
It is dissolved in 120ml water, ultrasonic disperse obtains uniform suspension for 40 minutes, is reacted 6 hours at 60 DEG C.Precipitation is divided by magnet
From being washed with distilled water, at powder be Fe with mortar grinder dry 10 hours at 40 DEG C3O4@cavitys@(C-N nano-particles are situated between
Aperture layer)Powder.
Embodiment 3:
(1)Six water of 2.5g ferric trichlorides, 3.0g anhydrous sodium acetates and 0.5g sodium citrates are dissolved in 60ml ethylene glycol,
Ultrasonic disperse forms uniform suspension in 1 hour.By the suspension under room temperature mechanical agitation 1 hour, be added to 150ml later
Reaction kettle in 200 DEG C react 10 hours.Precipitation is detached by magnet, uses the respectively washing 3 of absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water successively
It is secondary, it is 12 hours dry at 40 DEG C, obtain Fe3O4Nano-particle;
(2)150ml absolute ethyl alcohols and 15ml ammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, then 5ml ethyl orthosilicates were dripped in 30 minutes
Finish, is reacted at 25 DEG C 12 hours, it is 12 hours dry at using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water respectively to wash 3 times, 40 DEG C successively, obtain SiO2
Nano-particle;
(3)By step(1)Gained Fe3O40.12g, 80ml absolute ethyl alcohol and 5ml ammonium hydroxide are mixed evenly, 25 DEG C of water-baths
After sixty minutes, 4ml ethyl orthosilicates are slowly added dropwise in lower mechanical agitation, continue mechanical agitation 10 hours, and solution slowly becomes white.
Precipitation is detached by magnet, it is 12 hours dry at using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water respectively to wash 3 times, 40 DEG C successively, obtain Fe3O4@
SiO2Nano-particle;
(4)Take 37% formalin of 2.3g melamines and 18ml, magnetic agitation 30 minutes is complete to melamine at 60 DEG C
Fully dissolved obtains the mixed solution of homogeneous transparent;
(5)Take step(2)Gained SiO2Nano-particle 0.3g and 150ml distilled water are added above-mentioned dissolved with three after mixing
The formalin and 2.5mL glacial acetic acids of poly cyanamid, mechanic whirl-nett reaction 1 hour under 60 DEG C of water-baths.Again by step(3)Gained
Fe3O4@SiO2Nano-particle 0.15g is added in above-mentioned mixed solution, and the reaction was continued under the same terms 2 hours.It will be sunk by magnet
It forms sediment and detaches, be washed with distilled water to drying 10 hours at lacking 3 times, 60 DEG C, obtain Fe3O4@SiO2@(SiO2It is compound with melamine resin
Layer)Nano-particle;
(6)By step(5)Gained nano-particle mortar grinder is placed at powder in crucible, is trained using tube furnace
It burns, condition is:Ar atmosphere is enclosed, 800 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 hours, and heating rate is 1 DEG C/min.Wait for that temperature is down to initial temperature, by earthenware
Crucible takes out, and black solid is Fe3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle;
(7)Take step(6)Gained Fe3O4@cavitys@(The mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles)Nano-particle 0.2g and 1.0g hydroxide
Sodium is dissolved in 100ml water, and ultrasonic disperse obtains uniform suspension for 40 minutes, is reacted 5 hours at 80 DEG C.Precipitation is divided by magnet
From being washed with distilled water, at powder be Fe with mortar grinder dry 12 hours at 40 DEG C3O4@cavitys@(C-N nano-particles are situated between
Aperture layer)Powder.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) six water of ferric trichloride, anhydrous sodium acetate and sodium citrate are uniformly mixed with a certain amount of ethylene glycol, are added to height
It presses in reaction kettle, is reacted 10~12 hours at 180~200 DEG C, precipitation is detached by magnet, uses absolute ethyl alcohol and washing successively
It washs, it is dry, obtain Fe3O4Nano-particle;
(2) absolute ethyl alcohol and ammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed and obtain the first mixed solution, again by ethyl orthosilicate in 20 under mechanical agitation
It is added dropwise in~30 minutes in above-mentioned first mixed solution, reacts at room temperature 10~12 hours, use absolute ethyl alcohol and washing successively
It washs, it is dry, obtain SiO2Nano-particle;
(3) by Fe obtained by step (1)3O4Nano-particle, absolute ethyl alcohol and ammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, at 20~25 DEG C, mechanical agitation 30
~a certain amount of ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise after sixty minutes, precipitation is detached by magnet, is used successively by mechanical agitation 10~12 hours
Absolute ethyl alcohol and water washing, it is dry, obtain Fe3O4@SiO2Nano-particle;
(4) melamine under 50~60 DEG C of water-baths is dissolved in 37% formalin, obtains the mixed solution of homogeneous transparent;
(5) by SiO obtained by step (2)2Nano-particle and water are uniformly mixed, and gained mixed solution and catalysis in step (4) is added
Agent obtains the second mixed solution after being reacted 0.5~3 hour under 50~60 DEG C of water-baths, by Fe obtained by step (3)3O4@SiO2It receives
Rice corpuscles is added in above-mentioned second mixed solution, and continuation is reacted 2~4 hours under 50~60 DEG C of water bath conditions, will by magnet
Precipitation separation, is washed with water, dry, obtains Fe3O4@SiO2@“SiO2Nano-particle and melamine resin composite layer " nano-particle;
(6) obtained solid product in step (5) is sintered 4~6 hours in 600~850 DEG C of inert gas shielding atmosphere, is obtained
Fe3O4@SiO2@“SiO2With C-N composite layers ";
(7) by gained Fe in step (6)3O4@SiO2@“SiO2With C-N composite layers " nano-particle solid product, etching agent and water into
Row mixing, reacts 4~8 hours at 60~85 DEG C, detaches precipitation by magnet, is washed with water, dry, obtains Fe3O4@is empty
Chamber@" the mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles " nano-particle.
2. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step
(4) molar ratio of melamine and 37% formalin is 1:1~5.
3. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step
(5) catalyst is one kind in formic acid, glacial acetic acid or sodium hydroxide.
4. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step
(7) etching agent is one kind in hydrofluoric acid or sodium hydroxide.
5. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step
(7) Fe3O4@cavitys@" the mesoporous layer of C-N nano-particles " nano-particle, shell contain etching after formed it is mesoporous.
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