CN105551233A - Smart route changing bus system and dynamic scheduling optimization method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a smart route changing bus system and a dynamic scheduling optimization method thereof. The method comprises that the operation quotas of a vehicle are set, the operation parameters of the vehicle are calculated, and the operation quota and the operation parameter are output to a vehicle-mounted terminal, the operation quotas of the vehicle include one-way time, turnaround time, stop time in origin and terminal stations and planned capacity of the vehicle, and the operation parameters of the vehicle include the number of buses in the route and the departure interval; bus-taking requests emitted from passenger terminals are received, if the number of passengers who send the bus-taking requests is more than ten and a passenger request route can generate a bus operation route, a vehicle departure instruction is sent to the vehicle-mounted terminal, and the license plate and arrival information of the vehicle are sent to the passenger terminals; and if the number of the passengers who send the bus-taking requests is lower than ten, a message that no bus is departed is sent to the passenger terminals.

Description

Wisdom modified line public transit system and dynamic dispatching optimization method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of wisdom modified line public transit system and dynamic dispatching optimization method thereof.

Background technology

Along with the continuous lifting of China's life of urban resident level, urban transportation institute problems faced presents the trend of property of variation, complicacy, and people's traffic trip is also concerned about more from " walking " " that walks is good ".Setting up and develop low energy consumption, high efficiency urban public tranlport system, is solve one of urban congestion effective way.How to design bus dispatching pattern, while raising operational efficiency and service level, ensureing again its operation benefits, is the problem of the numerous scholar's research of recent domestic.

The rapid transit system (BRT) that studies in China has proposed, demand response public transportation system (DRT), and various brand new ideas (flexible DRT public transportation system, wisdom public transport and MAST etc.), bus dispatching prioritization scheme and software engineering, for brand-new chapter has been opened in wisdom public transport.Horn etc. have carried out abundant and perfect to the concept of MAST, under certain hypothesis and condition, design MAST system the earliest.Quadrifoglio, Dessouky etc. propose respective algorithms and optimization to MAST system correlation technique, and have carried out simulation analysis to MAST system and alignment public transportation system performance.Yun Liang summarizes current to MAST systematic research present situation and achievement abroad, first introduces MAST concept at home, and sets forth the method for operation of MAST system and related notion.Above-mentioned achievement has certain reference value to the scheduling of the wisdom public transit system based on MAST research, but has been fruitful and not yet MAST system is associated with ITS Information, lacks the MAST bus dispatching model investigation in conjunction with passenger's actual demand.

Summary of the invention

For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of wisdom modified line public transit system and the dynamic dispatching optimization method thereof that can respond adjustment vehicle operating according to passenger demand in time.

For achieving the above object, wisdom modified line public transit system of the present invention, comprise passenger's mobile terminal, dispatching control center, car-mounted terminal, wherein said dispatching control center comprises Static Control Unit, dynamic control unit,

Described Static Control Unit, for setting vehicle operating quota and calculating vehicle operating parameters, and exports described vehicle operating quota, vehicle operating parameters to car-mounted terminal; Described vehicle operating quota comprises the single way time, turnaround time, the whole story stand dwell time and plan appearance of vehicle amount; Described vehicle operating parameters comprises: route vehicle number, departure interval;

Described dynamic control unit, sends request by bus for receiving passenger terminal,

If the patronage sending request by bus reaches more than 10 people, and ask Route Generation public transport operation route by bus, then dynamic control unit sends vehicle departure instructions to a vehicle termination, and exports the car plate of this vehicle, arrival information to passenger terminal;

If the patronage sending request by bus can not generate a public transport operation route less than 10 people or request route of riding, then dynamic control unit sends the message of not dispatching a car to passenger terminal.

Further, described Static Control Unit comprises:

Single way time setting module, the time that the transport completing an one way consumes, comprises one way running time and the dwell time at each through-station for setting vehicle;

Beginning, terminal dwell time setting module, for setting the dwell time of vehicle in the starting station and terminus, the wherein said whole story stands the dwell time, comprise for vehicle shunt, handle driving file formality, vehicle cleaning, driving personnel have a rest with relieve, passenger getting on/off and stopping regulates, wherein, the average dwell time formula in station at the whole story is expressed as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{t_t}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}4+0.11t_n& (10\≤t_n\≤40)\\ 0.21t_n& (40\≤t_n\≤100)\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, for the average whole story stands the dwell time, t _nfor the single way time;

Turnaround time computing module, for calculating the turnaround time, the described turnaround time equals to stand at single way time and the average whole story 2 times of dwell time sum, and formula is expressed as follows:

wherein, t ₀for the turnaround time;

Plan appearance of vehicle amount, refers to the vehicle handling capacity of passengers that vehicling operation plan limits, determines by following formula

q ⁰＝q ⁰r ⁰

Wherein, q ⁰for plan appearance of vehicle amount, q ₀for vehicle rated passenger capacity, r ⁰for compartment load factor quota, %, compartment, peak period load factor quota compartment load factor quota average out to during flat peak

Further, described Static Control Unit also comprises route vehicle number statistical module, for the vehicle fleet needed for computation organization's circuit operation and the vehicle number in the business hours needed for each time period,

Wherein organize the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation, be as the criterion with vehicle number needed for peak hour passenger flow;

Vehicle number in business hours needed for each time period, according to the highest section volume of the flow of passengers in this period and plan appearance of vehicle amount;

When there being multiple Dispatching Form Headway, circuit vehicle number is the summation of all vehicle numbers of various Dispatching Form Headway;

Known in driving situation on schedule in certain time period by the turnover coefficient travelled along the line in the vehicle number of stop same on circuit and each car at one time section, so, within this time period, required vehicle number is:

$A_i=\frac{f_i}{{\mathrm{\η}}_{0i}},A=\underset{i}{\Σ}{A}_i,$

In formula: A is for organizing the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation; A _ifor the vehicle number needed for time period each in the business hours; f _ifor within the circuit operating time the i-th time period (t " _i) service frequency, unit :/hour; η _0ifor turnover coefficient.

Specific formula for calculation is shown in following formula:

$f_i=\frac{Q_i^{\′\′}}{q_{0i}{r}_i^0},{\mathrm{\η}}_{0i}=\frac{1}{t_{0i}},$

In formula: Q " _iit is section, the operation route peak volume of the flow of passengers in the i-th time period; q _0ifor t " _ivehicle rated passenger capacity in time; in time, the load factor quota in section, top, works as t _iduring for section in rush hour, t _iduring for flat peak time section, t _0ifor t " _icar cycle in time.

Further, described Static Control Unit also comprises the computing module of departure interval, and under calculating Static Control Unit state of a control, front and back two cars arrives the time interval of same stop,

The described time interval is determined by following formula:

$I=\frac{t_0}{A}$ Or $\frac{t_i^{\′\′}}{A_i}$

In formula: t ₀for the turnaround time of peak period, unit: minute; T " _ifor the duration of i time period, unit: minute; A _ifor the vehicle number run in the i time period;

Round numbers process is carried out to the departure interval value presenting decimal,

After departure interval calculated value I decomposes, the vehicle number run by often kind of departure interval distributes with reference to following method:

If certain time (t ₀) calculated value of interior departure interval is decimal, namely (E is that I is worth integral part to I=E.a; A is that I is worth fraction part).

Make it to turn to integer if the fraction part (0.a) of I value is removed, be then designated as [E.a]=E.

I value is decomposed into E:

$I=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{I}_b=\[I+X_b\]\\ I_c=\[I-X_c\]\end{array}\right.$

In formula: X _b, X _cfor decomposing the nonnegative number that I value adopts, i.e. X _b, X _c>=0; Obviously, I _c< I < I _b, establish again: Δ I=I _b-I _c.

By maximum departure interval (I _b) the vehicle number A that runs _bfor:

$A_b=\frac{t_0-{\mathrm{AI}}_c}{\mathrm{\&Delta;}A}$

By minimum departure interval (I _c) the vehicle number A that runs _cfor:

A _c＝A-A _b

In formula: A is t ₀sum of dispatching a car in time, unit:.

Due to X _bwith X _cvalue different, the size of Δ I value is also different, when Δ I=1, A _bwith A _cvalue is integer, but as Δ I>1, A _bvalue may be decimal.Now remove A _bbe taken as integer, even A _b=[A _b] beyond, need at running interval I _bwith I _cbetween increase a kind of running interval I _y, i.e. I _c< I _y< I _b, be calculated as follows its vehicle number Ay afterwards:

$A_y=\frac{t^{\&prime;}-A^{\&prime;}{I}_c}{{\mathrm{\&Delta;I}}^{\&prime;}}$

In formula: t ' is excess time, t '=t ₀-I _ba _b, unit: minute; A ' is residue vehicle number, A '=A-A _b, unit:.

ΔI′＝I _y-I _c

Then:

A _c＝A-A _b-A _y

ΣIA＝I _bA _b+I _yA _y+I _cA _c

It is comprehensively designated as:

T ₀=Σ IA=Σ spacing × car number chooses Δ I=1,

Calculate the vehicle departure interval under quiescent conditions thus, formulate bus departure timetable.

To achieve the above object of the invention, wisdom modified line public transit system dynamic dispatching optimization method of the present invention, comprising: setting vehicle operating quota and calculating vehicle operating parameters, and exports described vehicle operating quota, vehicle operating parameters to car-mounted terminal; Described vehicle operating quota comprises the single way time, turnaround time, the whole story stand dwell time and plan appearance of vehicle amount; Described vehicle operating parameters comprises: route vehicle number, departure interval;

Receive passenger terminal and send request by bus,

If the patronage sending request by bus reaches more than 10 people, and ask Route Generation public transport operation route by bus, then send vehicle departure instructions to a vehicle termination, and export the car plate of this vehicle, arrival information to passenger terminal;

If the patronage sending request by bus can not generate a public transport operation route less than 10 people or request route of riding, then send the message of not dispatching a car to passenger terminal.

Further, the described single way time refers to the time that the transport that vehicle completes an one way consumes, and comprise one way running time and the dwell time at each through-station, formula is expressed as follows: t _n=t _nT+ t _ns, wherein, t _nfor the single way time, t _nTfor one way running time, t _nsfor the dwell time of each through-station;

The whole story stands the dwell time, comprise for vehicle shunt, handle driving file formality, vehicle cleaning, driving personnel have a rest with relieve, passenger getting on/off and stopping regulates; The average dwell time formula in station at the whole story is expressed as follows:

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}4+0.11t_n& (10\&le;t_n\&le;40)\\ 0.21t_n& (40\&le;t_n\&le;100)\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, $\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t}$ For the average whole story stands the dwell time, t _nfor the single way time;

Turnaround time equals to stand at single way time and the average whole story 2 times of dwell time sum, and formula is expressed as follows:

wherein, t ₀for the turnaround time;

Plan appearance of vehicle amount, refers to the vehicle handling capacity of passengers that vehicling operation plan limits, determines by following formula

q ⁰＝q ₀r ⁰

Wherein, q ⁰for plan appearance of vehicle amount, q ₀for vehicle rated passenger capacity, r ⁰for compartment load factor quota, %, compartment, peak period load factor quota compartment load factor quota average out to during flat peak

Further, route vehicle number comprises organizes the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation and the vehicle number in the business hours needed for each time period, wherein organizes the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation, is as the criterion with vehicle number needed for peak hour passenger flow;

Vehicle number in business hours needed for each time period, according to the highest section volume of the flow of passengers in this period and plan appearance of vehicle amount;

When there being multiple Dispatching Form Headway, circuit vehicle number is the summation of all vehicle numbers of various Dispatching Form Headway;

Known in driving situation on schedule in certain time period by the turnover coefficient travelled along the line in the vehicle number of stop same on circuit and each car at one time section, so, within this time period, required vehicle number is:

$A_i=\frac{f_i}{{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}},A=\underset{i}{\&Sigma;}{A}_i,$

In formula: A is for organizing the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation; A _ifor the vehicle number needed for time period each in the business hours; f _ifor within the circuit operating time the i-th time period (t " _i) service frequency, unit :/hour; η _0ifor turnover coefficient.

Specific formula for calculation is shown in following formula:

$f_i=\frac{Q_i^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{q_{0i}{r}_i^0},{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}=\frac{1}{t_{0i}},$

In formula: Q " _iit is section, the operation route peak volume of the flow of passengers in the i-th time period; q _0ifor t " _ivehicle rated passenger capacity in time; for t " _iin time, the load factor quota in section, top, works as t _iduring for section in rush hour, t _iduring for flat peak time section, t _0ifor t " _icar cycle in time.

Further, the time interval that front and back two cars arrives same stop is determined by following formula:

$I=\frac{t_0}{A}$ Or $\frac{t_i^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{A_i}$

In formula: t ₀for the turnaround time of peak period, unit: minute; T " _ifor the duration of i time period, unit: minute; A _ifor the vehicle number run in the i time period;

Round numbers process is carried out to the departure interval value presenting decimal,

After departure interval calculated value I decomposes, the vehicle number run by often kind of departure interval distributes with reference to following method:

If certain time (t ₀) calculated value of interior departure interval is decimal, namely (E is that I is worth integral part to I=E.a; A is that I is worth fraction part).

Make it to turn to integer if the fraction part (0.a) of I value is removed, be then designated as [E.a]=E.

I value is decomposed into E:

$I=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{I}_b=\&lsqb;I+X_b\&rsqb;\\ I_c=\&lsqb;I-X_c\&rsqb;\end{array}\right.$

In formula: X _b, X _cfor decomposing the nonnegative number that I value adopts, i.e. X _b, X _c>=0; Obviously, I _c< I < I _b, establish again: Δ I=I _b-I _c.

By maximum departure interval (I _b) the vehicle number A that runs _bfor:

$A_b=\frac{t_0-{\mathrm{AI}}_c}{\mathrm{\&Delta;}A}$

By minimum departure interval (I _c) the vehicle number A that runs _cfor:

A _c＝A-A _b

In formula: A is t ₀sum of dispatching a car in time, unit:.

Due to X _bwith X _cvalue different, the size of Δ I value is also different, when Δ I=1, A _bwith A _cvalue is integer, but as Δ I>1, A _bvalue may be decimal.Now remove A _bbe taken as integer, even A _b=[A _b] beyond, need at running interval I _bwith I _cbetween increase a kind of running interval I _y, i.e. I _c< I _y< I _b, be calculated as follows its vehicle number Ay afterwards:

$A_y=\frac{t^{\&prime;}-A^{\&prime;}{I}_c}{{\mathrm{\&Delta;I}}^{\&prime;}}$

In formula: _{t '}for excess time, t '=t ₀-I _ba _b, unit: minute; A ' is residue vehicle number, A '=A-A _b, unit:.

ΔI′＝I _y-I _c

Then:

A _c＝A-A _b-A _y

ΣIA＝I _bA _b+I _yA _y+I _cA _c

It is comprehensively designated as:

T ₀=Σ IA=Σ spacing × car number chooses Δ I=1,

Calculate the vehicle departure interval under quiescent conditions thus, formulate bus departure timetable.

Beneficial effect

The present invention possesses following beneficial effect:

The present invention at regular public traffic on the basis that alignment is stood surely, allow the novel public transportation system of one of carrying out the change of to a certain degree circuit according to passenger demand.It has merged the low cost of fixed line operation public transportation system and the maneuverability of demand response public transportation system, strives seeking balance between the operating cost amount of money and trip dirigibility.And by the routing of science and reasonably scheduling, meet the demand that passenger gets on or off the bus in different location, substantially increase " door-to-door " service of public transportation system.Its total system is primarily of formations such as customer demand end, dispatching control center and car-mounted terminals, and according to vehicle-mounted data and passenger demand information for operator or control center provide information, thus reach vehicle rational management, be embodied as the effect that passenger provides corresponding real time information data.Become a kind of brand-new bus service pattern, ensure that people are more convenient, take public more efficiently and abandon oneself driving to go on a journey, make up city bus last, two kilometers of by bus vacancies, be a kind of high-quality service mode realizing " people-oriented, convenient passenger ".

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is wisdom public transit system frame diagram;

Fig. 2 is wisdom public transit system Management plan figure.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.

Formulate the many factors that dispatch public transportation needs to consider, and more multifactorly all there is randomness.Therefore the concrete public transport that the present invention is directed to meets following condition:

(1) bus is behind the starting station, can reach terminal at the appointed time;

(2) under bus static model, travel speed is constant, occurs without special circumstances;

(3) bus expense no matter mileage, admission fee is single;

(4) static model in the present invention are a part for dispatching system, so the static departure interval was as the criterion with departure interval peak time.

On (5) one days inherent up, down directions, the corresponding distribution situation of number of getting on or off the bus at each station is roughly the same, and peak period is close.

Static method

Namely static model recruit without passenger's electricity in wisdom public transport service zone beyond reference route, and bus only runs in reference route and between fixed station, and namely static model are exactly do not call time of departure under need state and departure interval by cable for solving.

Vehicle operating quota

Vehicle operating quota comprises: stand at single way time, turnaround time, the whole story dwell time and plan appearance of vehicle amount etc.

(1) single way time

Single way time is the time that transport that vehicle completes an one way consumes.Comprise one way running time and the dwell time at each through-station, that is:

T _n=t _nT+ t _ns(formula 1)

In formula: t _nfor the single way time, unit: minute; t _nTfor one way running time, unit: minute; t _nsfor the dwell time of each through-station, unit: minute.

(2) stand the dwell time at whole story

Circuit is stood the dwell time at whole story, comprise for vehicle shunt, handle driving file formality, vehicle cleaning, driving personnel have a rest with relieve, required idle hours such as passenger getting on/off and stopping regulates.Usually can be as the criterion the single way time, suitably determine the station average dwell time at the whole story by following formula:

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}4+0.11t_n& (10\&le;t_n\&le;40)\\ 0.21t_n& (40\&le;t_n\&le;100)\end{array}\right.$ (formula 2)

In formula: for the average whole story stands the dwell time, unit: minute; t _nfor the single way time, unit: minute.

(3) turnaround time

Turnaround time equals to stand at single way time and the average whole story 2 times of dwell time sum, that is:

$t_0=2(t_n+\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t})$ (formula 3)

In formula: t ₀for the turnaround time, unit is minute.

(4) appearance of vehicle amount is planned

Plan appearance of vehicle amount, refers to the vehicle handling capacity of passengers that vehicling operation plan limits, also known as the quota of (plan) handling capacity of passengers, can determine by following formula

Q ⁰=q ₀r ⁰(formula 4)

In formula: q ⁰for plan appearance of vehicle amount, unit: person-time; q ₀for vehicle rated passenger capacity, unit: person-time; r ⁰for compartment load factor quota, %.

Compartment, general peak period load factor quota compartment load factor quota average out to during flat peak

Operational factor calculates

(1) route vehicle number

Route vehicle number comprises organizes the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation and the vehicle number in the business hours needed for each time period.Determine to organize the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation, be generally as the criterion with vehicle number needed for peak hour passenger flow.Determine the vehicle number needed for each time period in the business hours, should according to the highest section volume of the flow of passengers in this period and plan appearance of vehicle amount.

When there being multiple Dispatching Form Headway, circuit vehicle number is the summation of all vehicle numbers of various Dispatching Form Headway.If known in driving situation on schedule in certain time period (usual Hour) by the turnover coefficient travelled along the line in the vehicle number of stop same on circuit and each car at one time section, so, within this time period, required vehicle number is:

$A_i=\frac{f_i}{{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}}$ (formula 5)

$A=\underset{i}{\&Sigma;}{A}_i$ (formula 6)

In formula: A is for organizing the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation; A _ifor the vehicle number needed for time period each in the business hours; f _ifor within the circuit operating time the i-th time period (t " _i) service frequency, unit :/hour; η _0ifor turnover coefficient.

Specific formula for calculation is shown in following formula:

$f_i=\frac{Q_i^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{q_{0i}{r}_i^0}$ (formula 7)

${\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}=\frac{1}{t_{0i}}$ (formula 8)

In formula: Q _i" be section, the operation route peak volume of the flow of passengers in the i-th time period, unit: person-time; q _0ifor t " _ivehicle rated passenger capacity in time, unit: person-time; for t " _iin time, the load factor quota in section, top, works as t _iduring for section in rush hour, t _iduring for flat peak time section, t _0ifor t " _icar cycle in time, unit: minute.

(2) departure interval

1) calculating of departure interval

Departure interval, to make a comment or criticism some driving time, front and back two cars arrives the time interval of same stop, also known as spacing.Can be determined by following formula:

$I=\frac{t_0}{A}$ Or $\frac{t_i^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{A_i}$ (formula 9)

In formula: t ₀for the turnaround time of peak period, unit: minute; T " _ifor the duration of i time period, unit: minute; A _ifor the vehicle number run in the i time period, unit:.

2) distribution of departure interval

The distribution of departure interval, the i.e. distribution of departure interval calculated value, to carrying out round numbers process to the departure interval value presenting decimal, make it to be defined as suitable numerical value so that the process grasped.

After departure interval calculated value I decomposes, the vehicle number run by often kind of departure interval can refer to following method and distributes:

Suppose certain time (t ₀) calculated value of interior departure interval is decimal, namely (E is that I is worth integral part to I=E.a; A is that I is worth fraction part).

Make it to turn to integer if the fraction part (0.a) of I value is removed, be then designated as [E.a]=E.

I value is decomposed into E:

$I=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{I}_b=\&lsqb;I+X_b\&rsqb;\\ I_c=\&lsqb;I-X_c\&rsqb;\end{array}\right.$ (formula 10)

In formula: X _b, X _cfor decomposing the nonnegative number that I value adopts, i.e. X _b, X _c>=0; Obviously, I _c< I < I _b, establish again: Δ I=I _b-I _c.

By maximum departure interval (I _b) the vehicle number A that runs _bfor:

$A_b=\frac{t_0-{\mathrm{AI}}_c}{\mathrm{\&Delta;}A}$ (formula 11)

By minimum departure interval (I _c) the vehicle number A that runs _cfor:

A _c=A-A _b(formula 12)

In formula: A is t ₀sum of dispatching a car in time, unit:.

Due to X _bwith X _cvalue different, the size of Δ I value is also different, generally when Δ I=1, A _bwith A _cvalue is integer, but as Δ I>1, A _bvalue may be decimal.Now remove A _bbe taken as integer, even A _b=[A _b] beyond, need at running interval I _bwith I _cbetween increase a kind of running interval I _y, i.e. I _c< I _y< I _b, its vehicle number A can be calculated as follows afterwards _y:

$A_y=\frac{t^{\&prime;}-A^{\&prime;}{I}_c}{{\mathrm{\&Delta;I}}^{\&prime;}}$ (formula 13)

In formula: t ' is excess time, t '=t ₀-I _ba _b, unit: minute; A ' is residue vehicle number, A '=A-A _b, unit:.

Δ I '=I _y-I _c(formula 14)

Then:

A _c=A-A _b-A _y(formula 15)

Therefore: Σ IA=I _ba _b+ I _ya _y+ I _ca _c

Generally it is comprehensively designated as:

T ₀=Σ IA=Σ spacing × car number (formula 16)

Therefore, for ease of grasping and calculating easy, except individual cases, Δ I=1 is usually chosen.

The vehicle departure interval under quiescent conditions can be calculated by above-mentioned model, formulate bus departure timetable.

Dynamic approach

The planning and design of variable line scope

The design of variable line scope should be considered from amplitude of fluctuation and flex time two aspects, the size of its amplitude of fluctuation directly has influence on service ability and the working time of variable line bus, consider such public transport be intended to be connected each large interchange terminal and solve public bus network last to the problem of two kilometers, its amplitude of fluctuation can be decided to be 1 kilometer by the actual environment rule of thumb and around reference route; Flex time controls confinement time of website to not violate, and public transport is in reference route outside upper working time (as Fig. 2).

The confinement time t of public transport between two fixed station can be calculated according to the distance d between reference route two fixed station and average velocity v:

(formula 17)

In formula: t is the confinement time between two fixed station, unit: minute; D is the distance between two fixed station, unit: kilometer; V is vehicle average velocity, unit: kilometer/hour.

When public transport depart from run in outer 1 kilometer of reference route time, due to not in reference route, it runs distance d ₁may be greater than d, generally vehicle flowrate is all less, and driver can improve drive speed v as the case may be ₁, usual v ₁> v.

So the working time in two kinds of situations can not differ too many, so when wisdom public transport travels beyond reference route, flex time t ₁should meet:

T ₁≤ t (formula 18)

In formula: t ₁for flex time, unit: minute; T is the confinement time between two fixed station, unit: minute.

Dynamic approach explanation

Dynamic model, namely on the basis of static model, according to the request by bus that passenger in wisdom public transport service zone sends, makes bus departing time interval also should make corresponding adjustment with the change of demand.Passenger goes to the vehicle of carrying to send instruction through the backstage of wisdom public transit system to from nearest the meeting of this passenger, and replys the relevant information of this regular bus of passenger after sending request by bus by mobile phone car service software.If all can not to go to without the vehicle of qualified vehicle and on-line operation in this moment and also not arrive next regular bus time of departure, now then pass through mobile phone car service software reverts passenger at present without qualified on-line operation vehicle, when recruiting requirement reach 10 people and a working line can be formed etc. electricity in wisdom bus service region, be whether the time of departure in the original plan no matter dispatching center should send a regular bus immediately and recruit software to reply the car plate of this regular bus to passenger by mobile phone electricity, and time of arrival information etc.In order to reduce the complicated operation degree of driver, the route suggestion device being similar to navigating instrument is installed at vehicle-mounted end, this device can show each bar running route of whole piece operational area, under dynamic model, background service system is according to the concrete running route requiring to be created in wisdom bus service region by bus of passenger, and show on the car-mounted device of wisdom public transport and by this running route overstriking additive color, be convenient to driver and check and run according to this route.

The single line unidirectional wisdom bus dispatching ruuning situation of upper surface analysis, when mongline bidirectional variable line, its basic management and running do not have large difference, just on this circuit, carry out two-way dispatching a car.When multi-thread multidirectional variable line bus, management and running should consider whether the coverage of each self-operating has overlap, if during zero lap, carry out the traffic control pattern of mongline bidirectional variable line formula according to respective coverage, if respective coverage overlaps, then passenger selectively should be allowed to spend the shortest time to complete this time trip according to passenger departure place, destination, even and if upgrade passenger in coverage overlapping feedback and call demand by cable, avoid mistake, unnecessary economic loss that outdated information brings.

With an embody rule embodiment, the present invention is described further below.

Certain road bus is from the starting station, to the flat fare self-service ticketing bus circuit of terminus.By way of 14 bus stations, omnidistance 8.0 kilometers, admission fee: 2 yuan/people.6:00 AM 30 separates class, and received class in the evening 10: 30, and the departure interval is about 10 minutes.

Static scheduling method

Based on the condition hypothesis of above-mentioned model, obtaining vehicle one way running time is by inquiry t _n=40 minutes, then the station average dwell time at the whole story:

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t}=\{\begin{array}{c}4+0.11\&times;40=8.4\\ 0.21\&times;40=8.4\end{array};$

Namely minute.Turnaround time:

$t_0=2\left(t_n+\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t}\right)=2(8.4+40)=96.8$ Minute;

Plan appearance of vehicle amount q ⁰=q ₀r ⁰=48 × 1.1=53 people.

According to investigation, in the 3rd 15 minutes 5:30-6:30 in afternoon time periods of station, section, the peak volume of the flow of passengers is 86 people.Then in one hour, the volume of the flow of passengers is 86 × 4=344 people.

The so service frequency of this time period and turnover coefficient f _i, η _0ibe respectively:

${\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}=\frac{1}{t_{0i}}=\frac{60}{40}=1.5;$

Vehicle number (A required in this time period _i):

Departure interval: $I=\frac{t_i^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{A_i}=\frac{60}{5}=12\min .$

Because the result of calculation departure interval is 12 minutes, without the need to carrying out departure interval distribution.

Dynamic dispatching method

By static model, can try to achieve without fixing time of departure when calling demand by cable is 12 minutes.In order to show dynamic model visually, calling passenger by cable demand and making hypothesis on static model, bus departure timetable in the whole time period as shown in the table can be obtained.In table, N represents that static state is dispatched a car order of classes or grades at school, and W represents order of classes or grades at school of dynamically dispatching a car.

Wisdom public transport and traditional transit scheduling contrast

Wisdom public transport and regular public traffic contrast

(1) frequency contrast

Easily know from table 1, regular public traffic is identical with the number of times of dispatching a car of wisdom public transport at the number of times of dispatching a car of this time period, but the wisdom bus departure moment is relatively more open and flexibly, can better realize dispatching a car in real time according to the trip requirements of passenger, improve the cabin factor of vehicle.

(2) service coverage contrast

Consult related data, the service range of general bus stop is 0.5-1 kilometer, and the service range based on the wisdom public transit system of MAST then can reach 1.5-3 kilometers.

Economic and Efficiency Analysis

By contrasting the handling capacity of passengers of each car average under two kinds of patterns, the change of known economic benefit.Because the upper and lower passenger of bus is frequent, be difficult to statistical number of person, therefore, replace per tour time the gross vehicle volume of the flow of passengers, i.e. Q=344 people with section, the peak volume of the flow of passengers in here 5:30-6:30 time period in the afternoon.Being dispatch a car when there being the passenger flow of at least 10 people owing to dispatching a car based on the wisdom public transit system of MAST again, under dynamic model, namely often sending out a wisdom public transit vehicle just existing 10 passengers, then:

Wherein, Q _mcfor the handling capacity of passengers of this period each car of regular public traffic, unit: people/; Q _mmfor the handling capacity of passengers of this each car of period wisdom public transport, unit: people/; Q _cfor the total volume of the flow of passengers of this period regular public traffic, unit: people; Q _mfor the total volume of the flow of passengers of this period wisdom, unit: people; q ⁰for this period regular public traffic sends out vehicle number, unit:; for this period wisdom bus departure number, unit:.

Therefore Q _mm> Q _mc, i.e. q _mm> q _mc.Visible, the cabin factor of wisdom public transport each car average is greater than the cabin factor of this road public transport existing, and utilization factor, the economic benefit of public transit vehicle all increase.Concrete economic benefit difference between wisdom public transport and traditional public transport is as shown in the table.

The public transport of table 2 wisdom and traditional public transport economic benefit difference contrast

As seen from the table, in identical rush hour section, wisdom public transport and traditional public transport contrast, and send out class's number identical, but passenger-carrying total number of persons increases by 5.81%, and average per tour cabin factor improves 6.12%, and economic return increases by 5.81%.

Except economic benefit increases, the wisdom public transit system based on MAST can allow bus driver obtain passenger demand information, thus reduces the no-load ratio of public transport, cuts operating costs.Wisdom public transit system can provide personalized diversity service simultaneously, attracts private car car owner to select wisdom public transit system, effectively alleviates urban traffic pressure, and the carbon emission and the oil consumption that reduce private car obtain certain social benefit.

While urban public transport fast development, the areas such as the outskirts of a town that distance public transport major trunk roads community far away, resident are sparsely populated and the combination area of city and country also exist always and have occurred finding great trouble in getting one's destination by public transport means, going on a journey inconvenient problem, and the resident that result in these areas selects private car, motor, tricycle etc. as main trip mode.This phenomenon brings immense pressure to urban road, exacerbates the crowding phenomenon of urban road, seriously hinders the development in city.A kind of wisdom modified line public transit system in this paper and dynamic dispatching optimization method thereof, because travel route can change, route service coverage increases, and solves the trip problem of resident, each side benefit is all increased.

Wisdom public transport can not only provide service for reservation demand, also can be the passenger occurred in real time and provides service.This kind ofly not only considering reservation demand but also consider that the mixed scheduling model of real-time requirement has more practicality, not solving a new direction with mixed characteristic traffic by being.

The present invention be should be understood that; above-described embodiment; further detailed description has been carried out to object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect; these are only embodiments of the invention; be not intended to limit the present invention, every within spiritual principles of the present invention, done any amendment, equivalent replacement, improvement etc.; all should be included within protection scope of the present invention, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should define with claim is as the criterion.

Claims (8)

1. a wisdom modified line public transit system, is characterized in that, comprises passenger's mobile terminal, dispatching control center, car-mounted terminal, and wherein said dispatching control center comprises Static Control Unit, dynamic control unit,

Described Static Control Unit, for setting vehicle operating quota and calculating vehicle operating parameters, and exports described vehicle operating quota, vehicle operating parameters to car-mounted terminal; Described vehicle operating quota comprises the single way time, turnaround time, the whole story stand dwell time and plan appearance of vehicle amount; Described vehicle operating parameters comprises: route vehicle number, departure interval;

Described dynamic control unit, sending request by bus for receiving passenger terminal, according to passenger's request in conjunction with vehicle real time execution position and vehicle-mounted vacant capacity, carrying out intelligent decision.Whether judged result for whether adjusting real-time vehicle working line to meet passenger's request, or sends a new car to meet passenger's request from starting point again, maybe cannot meet passenger's request and be refused.Thus under adjustment Static Control Unit vehicle operating quota and vehicle operating parameters.

If the patronage sending request by bus reaches more than 10 people, and ask Route Generation public transport operation route by bus, then dynamic control unit sends vehicle departure instructions to a vehicle termination, and exports the car plate of this vehicle, arrival information to passenger terminal;

If the patronage sending request by bus can not generate a public transport operation route less than 10 people or request route of riding, then dynamic control unit sends the message of not dispatching a car to passenger terminal.

2. wisdom modified line public transit system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Static Control Unit comprises:

Single way time setting module, the time that the transport completing an one way consumes, comprises one way running time and the dwell time at each through-station for setting vehicle;

Beginning, terminal dwell time setting module, for setting the dwell time of vehicle in the starting station and terminus, the wherein said whole story stands the dwell time, comprise for vehicle shunt, handle driving file formality, vehicle cleaning, driving personnel have a rest with relieve, passenger getting on/off and stopping regulates, wherein, the average dwell time formula in station at the whole story is expressed as follows:

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}4+0.11t_n& (10\&le;t_n\&le;40)\\ 0.21t_n& (40\&le;t_n\&le;100)\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, for the average whole story stands the dwell time, t _nfor the single way time;

Turnaround time computing module, for calculating the turnaround time, the described turnaround time equals to stand at single way time and the average whole story 2 times of dwell time sum, and formula is expressed as follows:

wherein, t ₀for the turnaround time;

Plan appearance of vehicle amount, refers to the vehicle handling capacity of passengers that vehicling operation plan limits, determines by following formula

q ⁰＝q ₀r ⁰

Wherein, q ⁰for plan appearance of vehicle amount, q ₀for vehicle rated passenger capacity, r ⁰for compartment load factor quota, %, compartment, peak period load factor quota compartment load factor quota average out to during flat peak $r_i^0\&GreaterEqual;$ $(0.5~0.6).$

3. wisdom modified line public transit system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Static Control Unit also comprises route vehicle number statistical module, for the vehicle fleet needed for computation organization's circuit operation and the vehicle number in the business hours needed for each time period,

Wherein organize the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation, be as the criterion with vehicle number needed for peak hour passenger flow;

Vehicle number in business hours needed for each time period, according to the highest section volume of the flow of passengers in this period and plan appearance of vehicle amount;

When there being multiple Dispatching Form Headway, circuit vehicle number is the summation of all vehicle numbers of various Dispatching Form Headway;

Known in driving situation on schedule in certain time period by the turnover coefficient travelled along the line in the vehicle number of stop same on circuit and each car at one time section, so, within this time period, required vehicle number is:

$A_i=\frac{f_i}{{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}},A=\underset{i}{\&Sigma;}{A}_i,$

In formula: A is for organizing the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation; A _ifor the vehicle number needed for time period each in the business hours; f _ifor within the circuit operating time the i-th time period (t " _i) service frequency, unit :/hour; η _0ifor turnover coefficient.

Specific formula for calculation is shown in following formula:

$f_i=\frac{Q_i^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{q_{0i}{r}_i^0},{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}=\frac{1}{t_{0i}},$

In formula: Q " _iit is section, the operation route peak volume of the flow of passengers in the i-th time period; q _0ifor t " _ivehicle rated passenger capacity in time; for t " _iin time, the load factor quota in section, top, works as t _iduring for section in rush hour, t _iduring for flat peak time section, t _0ifor t " _icar cycle in time.

4. wisdom modified line public transit system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Static Control Unit also comprises the computing module of departure interval, and under calculating Static Control Unit state of a control, front and back two cars arrives the time interval of same stop,

The described time interval is determined by following formula:

$I=\frac{t_0}{A}$ Or

In formula: t ₀for the turnaround time of peak period, unit: minute; T " _ifor the duration of i time period, unit: minute; A _ifor the vehicle number run in the i time period;

Round numbers process is carried out to the departure interval value presenting decimal,

After departure interval calculated value I decomposes, the vehicle number run by often kind of departure interval distributes with reference to following method:

If certain time (t ₀) calculated value of interior departure interval is decimal, namely (E is that I is worth integral part to I=E.a; A is that I is worth fraction part).

Make it to turn to integer if the fraction part (0.a) of I value is removed, be then designated as [E.a]=E.

I value is decomposed into E:

$I=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{I}_b=\&lsqb;I+X_b\&rsqb;\\ I_c=\&lsqb;I-X_c\&rsqb;\end{array}\right.$

In formula: X _b, X _cfor decomposing the nonnegative number that I value adopts, i.e. X _b, X _c>=0; Obviously, I _c< I < I _b, establish again: Δ I=I _b-I _c.

By maximum departure interval (I _b) the vehicle number A that runs _bfor:

$A_b=\frac{t_0-{\mathrm{AI}}_c}{\mathrm{\&Delta;}A}$

By minimum departure interval (I _c) the vehicle number A that runs _cfor:

A _c＝A-A _b

In formula: A is t ₀sum of dispatching a car in time, unit:.

Due to X _bwith X _cvalue different, the size of Δ I value is also different, when Δ I=1, A _bwith A _cvalue is integer, but as Δ I>1, A _bvalue may be decimal.Now remove A _bbe taken as integer, even A _b=[A _b] beyond, need at running interval I _bwith I _cbetween increase a kind of running interval I _y, i.e. I _c< I _y< I _b, be calculated as follows its vehicle number Ay afterwards:

$A_y=\frac{t^{\&prime;}-A^{\&prime;}{I}_c}{{\mathrm{\&Delta;I}}^{\&prime;}}$

In formula: t ' is excess time, t '=t ₀-I _ba _b, unit: minute; A ' is residue vehicle number, A '=A-A _b, unit:.

ΔI′＝I _y-I _c

Then:

A _c＝A-A _b-A _y

ΣIA＝I _bA _b+I _yA _y+I _cA _c

It is comprehensively designated as:

T ₀=Σ IA=Σ spacing × car number chooses Δ I=1,

Calculate the vehicle departure interval under quiescent conditions thus, formulate bus departure timetable.

5. a wisdom modified line public transit system dynamic dispatching optimization method, is characterized in that, comprise

Setting vehicle operating quota and calculating vehicle operating parameters, and export described vehicle operating quota, vehicle operating parameters to car-mounted terminal; Described vehicle operating quota comprises the single way time, turnaround time, the whole story stand dwell time and plan appearance of vehicle amount; Described vehicle operating parameters comprises: route vehicle number, departure interval;

Receive passenger terminal and send request by bus, according to passenger's request in conjunction with vehicle real time execution position and vehicle-mounted vacant capacity, carry out intelligent decision.Whether judged result for whether adjusting real-time vehicle working line to meet passenger's request, or sends a new car to meet passenger's request from starting point again, maybe cannot meet passenger's request and be refused.Thus under adjustment Static Control Unit vehicle operating quota and vehicle operating parameters.

If the patronage sending request by bus reaches more than 10 people, and ask Route Generation public transport operation route by bus, then send vehicle departure instructions to a vehicle termination, and export the car plate of this vehicle, arrival information to passenger terminal;

If the patronage sending request by bus can not generate a public transport operation route less than 10 people or request route of riding, then send the message of not dispatching a car to passenger terminal.

6. wisdom modified line public transit system dynamic dispatching optimization method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the described single way time refers to the time that the transport that vehicle completes an one way consumes, and comprise one way running time and the dwell time at each through-station, formula is expressed as follows: t _n=t _nT+ t _ns, wherein, t _nfor the single way time, t _nTfor one way running time, t _nsfor the dwell time of each through-station;

The whole story stands the dwell time, comprise for vehicle shunt, handle driving file formality, vehicle cleaning, driving personnel have a rest with relieve, passenger getting on/off and stopping regulates; The average dwell time formula in station at the whole story is expressed as follows:

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t_t}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}4+0.11t_n& (10\&le;t_n\&le;40)\\ 0.21t_n& (40\&le;t_n\&le;100)\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, for the average whole story stands the dwell time, t _nfor the single way time;

Turnaround time equals to stand at single way time and the average whole story 2 times of dwell time sum, and formula is expressed as follows:

wherein, t ₀for the turnaround time;

Plan appearance of vehicle amount, refers to the vehicle handling capacity of passengers that vehicling operation plan limits, determines by following formula

q ⁰＝q ₀r ⁰

Wherein, q ⁰for plan appearance of vehicle amount, q ₀for vehicle rated passenger capacity, r ⁰for compartment load factor quota, %, compartment, peak period load factor quota compartment load factor quota average out to during flat peak $r_i^0\&GreaterEqual;$ $(0.5~0.6).$

7. wisdom modified line public transit system dynamic dispatching optimization method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, route vehicle number comprises organizes the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation and the vehicle number in the business hours needed for each time period, wherein organize the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation, be as the criterion with vehicle number needed for peak hour passenger flow;

Vehicle number in business hours needed for each time period, according to the highest section volume of the flow of passengers in this period and plan appearance of vehicle amount;

When there being multiple Dispatching Form Headway, circuit vehicle number is the summation of all vehicle numbers of various Dispatching Form Headway;

Known in driving situation on schedule in certain time period by the turnover coefficient travelled along the line in the vehicle number of stop same on circuit and each car at one time section, so, within this time period, required vehicle number is:

$A_i=\frac{f_i}{{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}},A=\underset{i}{\&Sigma;}{A}_i,$

In formula: A is for organizing the vehicle fleet needed for circuit operation; A _ifor the vehicle number needed for time period each in the business hours; f _ifor within the circuit operating time the i-th time period (t " _i) service frequency, unit :/hour; η _0ifor turnover coefficient.

Specific formula for calculation is shown in following formula:

$f_i=\frac{Q_i^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{q_{0i}{r_i}^0},{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_{0i}=\frac{1}{t_{0i}},$

In formula: Q " _iit is section, the operation route peak volume of the flow of passengers in the i-th time period; q _0ifor t " _ivehicle rated passenger capacity in time; for t " _iin time, the load factor quota in section, top, works as t _iduring for section in rush hour, t _iduring for flat peak time section, t _0ifor t " _icar cycle in time.

8. wisdom modified line public transit system dynamic dispatching optimization method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the time interval that front and back two cars arrives same stop is determined by following formula:

$I=\frac{t_0}{A}$ Or

In formula: t ₀for the turnaround time of peak period, unit: minute; T " _ifor the duration of i time period, unit: minute; A _ifor the vehicle number run in the i time period;

Round numbers process is carried out to the departure interval value presenting decimal,

After departure interval calculated value I decomposes, the vehicle number run by often kind of departure interval distributes with reference to following method:

If certain time (t ₀) calculated value of interior departure interval is decimal, namely (E is that I is worth integral part to I=E.a; A is that I is worth fraction part).

Make it to turn to integer if the fraction part (0.a) of I value is removed, be then designated as [E.a]=E.

I value is decomposed into E:

$I=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{I}_b=\&lsqb;I+X_b\&rsqb;\\ I_c=\&lsqb;I-X_c\&rsqb;\end{array}\right.$

In formula: X _b, X _cfor decomposing the nonnegative number that I value adopts, i.e. X _b, X _c>=0; Obviously, I _c< I < I _b, establish again: Δ I=I _b-I _c.

By maximum departure interval (I _b) the vehicle number A that runs _bfor:

$A_b=\frac{t_0-{\mathrm{AI}}_c}{\mathrm{\&Delta;}A}$

By minimum departure interval (I _c) the vehicle number A that runs _cfor:

A _c＝A-A _b

In formula: A is t ₀sum of dispatching a car in time, unit:.

Due to X _bwith X _cvalue different, the size of Δ I value is also different, when Δ I=1, A _bwith A _cvalue is integer, but as Δ I>1, A _bvalue may be decimal.Now remove A _bbe taken as integer, even A _b=[A _b] beyond, need at running interval I _bwith I _cbetween increase a kind of running interval I _y, i.e. I _c< I _y< I _b, be calculated as follows its vehicle number Ay afterwards:

$A_y=\frac{t^{\&prime;}-A^{\&prime;}{I}_c}{{\mathrm{\&Delta;I}}^{\&prime;}}$

In formula: t ' is excess time, t '=t ₀-I _ba _b, unit: minute; A ' is residue vehicle number, A '=A-A _b, unit:.

ΔI′＝I _y-I _c

Then:

A _c＝A-A _b-A _y

ΣIA＝I _bA _b+I _yA _y+I _cA _c

It is comprehensively designated as:

T ₀=Σ IA=Σ spacing × car number chooses Δ I=1,

Calculate the vehicle departure interval under quiescent conditions thus, formulate bus departure timetable.