CN105548943B - A kind of CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages - Google Patents
A kind of CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages Download PDFInfo
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- G01R35/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass of auxiliary devices, e.g. of instrument transformers according to prescribed transformation ratio, phase angle, or wattage rating
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods monitored based on CVT secondary voltages, and S10 is read at least one CVT secondary voltages numerical value and pace of change by substation supervisory control system, and sets reference voltage parallel；S20, counts the duration of each CVT secondary voltages variation, and the secondary voltage of each CVT is filtered, for a CVT, if its secondary voltage change speed is more than setting pace of change, into S30；S30 calculates the difference of the CVT secondary voltages numerical value and reference voltage；If it is more than setting time that difference, which is greater than or equal to first voltage threshold value or duration, judge that the secondary voltage of the CVT is abnormal, and enters S40；S40, judges whether the difference of the CVT secondary voltages numerical value and reference voltage is between first voltage threshold value and second voltage threshold value, is to judge that the CVT capacitances puncture.Using CVT secondary voltages can accurate judgement CVT capacitance operation situations, carry out deep processing using the data of substation supervisory control system, without increasing equipment, improve reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power online detection technique fields, and in particular to a kind of CVT electricity based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages
Hold on-line monitoring method.
Background technology
Existing prerun regular inspection can not find the capacitance breakdown defect of capacitance type potential transformer (English is abbreviated as CVT)：
Existing prerun regulation tests no requirement (NR) to ratio error, angular difference, and《People's Republic of China's national metrological verification regulations --- electric power
Mutual inductor》It is required that the every 4 years fiducial errors to voltage transformer measure once, and busbar CVT does not connect metering, therefore busbar
There is no carry out error testing project before CVT.
More difficulty is carried out to the error testing that CVT is implemented, needs corresponding qualification, and test apparatus is more huge, and
And country is more stringent to ratio error testing and control, a general province just only has a unit to have qualification to carry out this experiment,
And its job placement is fuller, it is difficult to be arranged into the duration.
Theoretically CVT ratio errors are generally caused by capacitance variations, and prerun regulation has capacitance, dielectric loss test request,
But its required precision is relatively low, can not meet the test request of ratio error.Prerun regulatory requirements capacitance be no more than -5%~+
10%, tan δ are not more than 0.5%.And CVT required precisions are generally 0.5% or 0.2%, far above capacitance error requirements.
Therefore capacitance, dielectric loss requirement are done according to existing prerun regulation, can not detects that ratio error caused by being punctured due to capacitance is surpassed
Mark problem.And existing CVT on-Line Monitor Devices, such as application No. is " the CVT on-line monitoring systems " of 201110003819.X to need
It to install sensor etc. additional at the scene, be configured based on prerun regulation, it is difficult to ensure acquisition precision, it is desirable that it is not high, lead to not
It was found that the hidden danger such as capacitor breakdown, and CVT ratio errors can be caused unqualified after capacitor breakdown, lead to continuous data mistake.
It is existing measure capacitance, the precision of dielectric loss measuring instrument of dielectric loss is generally 1% or 0.5%, can not testing accuracy
For 0.5% ratio error.For example, the capacity cell of the multiple CVT of certain 500kV substation punctures, but when prerun is tested,
Its result is but in acceptability limit, therefore existing on-Line Monitor Device, power failure prerun regular inspection can not find that CVT capacitances puncture
The defects of, and since CVT capacitances are larger, ratio error test is higher to the capacity requirement of instrument, carries out ratio error test
It is more difficult.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to for the above-mentioned prior art the problem of, propose a kind of to be based on CVT secondary voltages
The CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods of monitoring by substation supervisory control system, when CVT is run, are carried out the anticipation of CVT ratio errors and are surveyed
Examination, monitoring can effectively reduce monitoring difficulty, expense, and can have the function that on-line monitoring.
To achieve the purpose that foregoing invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme：
A kind of CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, applied to substation supervisory control system, including
Following steps：
Step S10 reads the secondary voltage numerical value of at least one CVT and variation speed by substation supervisory control system in real time parallel
Degree, and reference voltage is chosen according to default；
Step S20 counts the duration of the secondary voltage variation of each CVT, and to the secondary voltage pace of change of each CVT
It is filtered, for a CVT, if its secondary voltage change speed is more than setting pace of change, enters step S30；
Step S30 calculates the secondary voltage numerical value of the CVT and the difference of reference voltage；If difference is greater than or equal to first
Voltage threshold or duration are more than setting time, then judge that the secondary voltage of the CVT is abnormal, and enters step S40；
Step S40, judge the CVT secondary voltage numerical value and reference voltage difference whether in first voltage threshold value and
Between second voltage threshold value, it is the capacitance breakdown for judging the CVT.
Further, further include step S41, if the CVT capacitance breakdown, according to secondary voltage before breakdown after numerical value
Difference calculates breakdown capacitance number.
Further, step S31 is further included, if the difference of the secondary voltage numerical value of the CVT and reference voltage is less than the first electricity
When pressing threshold value or duration less than setting time, it is system exception to judge the CVT secondary voltages reason of changes.
Further, step S32 is further included, judges whether the beginning and ending time of the secondary voltage variation of each CVT is identical, if then
Decision-making system electric voltage exception；If it is not, then whether the difference of the secondary voltage numerical value of more each CVT and reference voltage is more than third electricity
Press threshold value, and whether the duration is more than setting time, if being to be, judge the electric current being spaced where the CVT whether be
Zero, if interval has a power failure where then judging the CVT, if otherwise judging the secondary circuit failure of the CVT.
Further, the breakdown capacitance number n of the CVT series capacitances has following relationship with secondary voltage：N=n2UOnceN1
(1/UIt is secondary-1/U、It is secondary), according to the changing value of CVT secondary voltages for U,It is secondary-UIt is secondary, U before the CVT secondary voltages variationIt is secondaryFor：
UIt is secondary=UOnce*n2/(n1+n2)*N1, U after CVT secondary voltages variation,It is secondaryFor：U、It is secondary=UOnce*n2/(n1+n2-n)*N1,
Middle UOnceFor CVT primary voltages, n1For the series capacitance number of CVT capacitance partial pressures part, n2For CVT electromagnet portion primary sides both ends
Series capacitance number, N1For the transformer voltage ratio of CVT electromagnet portions, n is breakdown capacitance number.
Further, the first voltage threshold value, second voltage threshold value and tertiary voltage threshold value are according to a capacitance respectively
It is breakdown to lead to what secondary voltage percentage change was set.
Further, the setting time is at least the sum of the delay of back-up protection longest and breaker actuation time.
Further, the secondary voltage for reading at least one CVT in real time is conversion after acquisition secondary voltage instantaneous value
It is secondary voltage difference as storage of history data P, and to preserve a data at regular intervals, if collecting current time
Secondary voltage difference than secondary voltage difference for the previous period be more than first voltage threshold value, then with the data of lower a period of time
It is compared, if the value is still constant, which is preserved, if the value is restored, save as number for the previous period
According to.
Further, in the step S40, when judging the breakdown of CVT capacitances, automatically by the phase voltage of whole station, secondary voltage
Data carry out failure wave-recording, and are preserved together using the failure CVT data that substation supervisory control system judges.
A kind of CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages of the present invention have following beneficial to effect
Fruit：
1st, relatively existing CVT on-Line Monitor Devices：Monitoring accuracy is high, can effectively solve monitor a small number of capacitance breakdown
The problem of.Small investment, without increasing sensor, secondary circuit, monitoring device；Good in anti-interference performance, CVT secondary voltages operation compared with
For stabilization, the influence of live electromagnetic interference is avoided.
2. relatively existing interruption maintenance：Without large-scale ratio error test, carry out, can reach online without having a power failure
Monitoring, investment is low, uses manpower and material resources sparingly.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is CVT structure principle charts.
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, is shown
So, described embodiment is only part of the embodiment rather than whole embodiments of the present invention.
It is the structure principle chart of CVT referring to Fig. 1, CVT is mainly made of in structure capacitance partial pressure portion 1 and electromagnetic part 2,
Capacitance partial pressure part C1 and C2 two parts.If certain CVT is made of in shape 3 section insulators, C11 and C12 respectively it is upper, in two sections
In insulator, C13 and C2 link together in lower section insulator and by flange and electromagnet portion.CVT is with as follows in the present embodiment
For parameter：The capacitance of section insulator shares 154 elements, and wherein C13 has 130 elements, and C2 has 24 elements, normal condition
Under, the capacitance of discrete component is 2.35 μ F or so.
Using the voltage divider principle of capacitor, the high voltage of primary side is become into the acceptable middle pressure of transformer, then by transformation
Middle buckling is the acceptable low pressure (voltage between phases 100V) of secondary device by device, it is assumed that the capacitance after C11, C12, C13 series connection
It is worth for C1, the no-load voltage ratio of transformer is N1, then CVT secondary voltages be：
When CVT capacitances puncture, capacitance changes, and secondary voltage changes immediately at this time, can be according to secondary electricity
The variation of pressure judges the operating condition of capacitance, but secondary voltage also can generate variation with primary voltage, it is therefore desirable to reject primary
The situation of system voltage variation.
The CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages of the present invention, can reject primary system voltage
Change the influence to secondary voltage, so as to find out the relationship of capacitance and voltage；CVT capacitances puncture the spy for leading to secondary voltage exception
It levies and is：Secondary voltage is bigger than a reference value；With the aggravation of operating condition, difference can gradually increase；Duration is longer, will not
Restore with the recovery of failure.
Referring to Fig. 2, for features described above, the flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
Step S10 reads the secondary voltage numerical value of at least one CVT and variation speed by substation supervisory control system in real time parallel
Degree, and reference voltage is chosen according to default；
Since this method is using working voltage as primary voltage, voltage can change at any time, be surveyed rather than ratio error
Added voltage is a reference voltage during examination, therefore the matter of utmost importance of the system is exactly to choose reference voltage, reference voltage
Selection can take following measure：
A reference voltage is artificially selected, when selecting, to have done ratio error test recently, ratio error minimum
One is optimal；
It automatically selects, all CVT voltages is arranged, exclude the CVT of error maximum, then take remaining average value；
Step S20 counts the duration of the secondary voltage variation of each CVT, and to the secondary voltage pace of change of each CVT
It is filtered, for a CVT, if its secondary voltage change speed is more than setting pace of change S, enters step S30；
Step S30 calculates the secondary voltage numerical value of the CVT and the difference of reference voltage；If difference is greater than or equal to first
Voltage threshold Q1 or duration are more than setting time T, then judge that the secondary voltage of the CVT is abnormal, and enters step S40；
Step S40, judges whether the secondary voltage numerical value of the CVT and the difference of reference voltage are in first voltage threshold value Q1
It is the capacitance breakdown for judging the CVT between second voltage threshold value Q2.
One embodiment is further used as, further includes step S41, if the capacitance breakdown of the CVT, exists according to secondary voltage
The front and rear numerical difference of breakdown calculates breakdown capacitance number.
Since system voltage variation, CVT secondary circuit failures may cause secondary voltage to generate variation, it is therefore necessary to set
Fixed condition, secondary voltage caused by excluding all conditions outside capacitance breakdown change.
Electric voltage exception has following features caused by the system failure：
A1. voltage change is fast, and generic failure is isolated within 100ms, even if by three phases un identical protection etc.
Back-up protection acts, generally also can be in a few seconds by Fault Isolation.
A2. secondary change amplitude is big, and the voltage of faulty line declines the distance with trouble point to CVT installation places, power grid
Structure, fault signature etc. have relationship, but are generally more than secondary voltage caused by CVT capacitances puncture and change.
A3. secondary voltage pressure difference is influenced small by the system failure, during the system failure, with the secondary of multiple CVT in plant stand
Voltage changes simultaneously, and system reference voltage and CVT secondary voltages change simultaneously, therefore secondary voltage pressure difference is not substantially
Failure of uniting influences.
A4. voltage changes in decline, the amplitude and system structure declined, fault type, failure and CVT infields etc.
There is relationship.And the breakdown of CVT capacitances causes voltage to increase.
The characteristics of secondary circuit failure causes secondary voltage abnormal is as follows：
For b1 when secondary circuit breaks, variation amplitude is big, and generally single-phase bust is near 0.
When the low or insulation recovery of secondary circuit insulation insulate low frequent switching again, secondary voltage frequently changes b2, becomes
It is big to change amplitude.And during the breakdown of CVT capacitances, secondary voltage variation is more slow, and in gradual increased variation, and insulate low cause
Secondary voltage is then in repeatedly changeable variation.
B3 voltages change in decline, the amplitude and system structure declined, fault type, failure and CVT infields etc.
There is relationship.And the breakdown of CVT capacitances causes voltage to increase.
The characteristics of for the system failure, another embodiment of the present invention are to further include step S31, if the secondary electricity of the CVT
When pressing the difference of numerical value and reference voltage less than first voltage threshold value Q1 or duration less than setting time T, judgement should
CVT secondary voltages reason of changes is system exception.
For the fault characteristic that secondary circuit failure feature and system overvoltage generate, another reality as the present invention
Example is applied, further includes step S32, judges whether the beginning and ending time of the secondary voltage variation of each CVT is identical, if then decision-making system electricity
Reduce off-flavor is normal；If it is not, then whether the difference of the secondary voltage numerical value of more each CVT and reference voltage is more than tertiary voltage threshold value Q3,
And whether the duration is more than setting time T, if being to be, whether the electric current for judging to be spaced where CVT is zero, if then
Interval where judging the CVT has a power failure, if otherwise judging the secondary circuit failure of the CVT.
Further, breakdown capacitance number can be calculated according to the numerical relation of CVT series capacitances number and secondary voltage, is had
Body computational methods are as described below：
Assuming that C1 has n1 capacitance, C2 has n2 capacitance, it is assumed that a capacitance of C1 punctures, then its voltage change
For：
UIt is secondary=UOnce*n2/(n1+n2)*N1………………(2)
U`It is secondary=UOnce*n2/(n1+n2-1)*N1………………(3)
Error rate is：1/(n1+n2-1)……...…......(4)
Wherein UOnceFor CVT primary voltages, UIt is secondaryFor CVT secondary voltages, n1Series capacitance for CVT capacitance partial pressures part
Number, n2For the series capacitance number at CVT electromagnet portion primary sides both ends, N1Transformer voltage ratio for CVT electromagnet portions.
First voltage threshold value Q1, second voltage threshold value Q2 and tertiary voltage threshold value Q3 can cause according to a capacitance breakdown
Secondary voltage percentage change is set.In the present embodiment, it is 0.5* (U' to preferably set first voltage threshold value Q1It is secondary-
UIt is secondary), second voltage threshold value Q2, tertiary voltage threshold value Q3, setting pace of change S and setting time T can rule of thumb, scene
Operating condition is set, and wherein setting time T generally should be greater than the sum of the delay of back-up protection longest and breaker actuation time,
For example it is set as 10 seconds.
According to above-mentioned formula (2) and (3), it may be assumed that the n capacitance of C1 punctures, then secondary voltage variation is：
UIt is secondary=UOnce*n2/(n1+n2)*N1………………(5)
U`It is secondary=UOnce*n2/(n1+n2-n)*N1………………(6)
Error rate is：1/(n1+n2-n)………………(7)
Because when capacitance punctures, angular deviation is less, it is assumed that it is 0, then secondary voltage be for：U、 It is secondary-UIt is secondary, root
CVT series capacitances breakdown number can be derived from according to above formula and the numerical relation of secondary voltage is：
N=n2UOnceN1(1/UIt is secondary-1/U、 It is secondary)………………(8)
The breakdown number of capacitance can be calculated by above-mentioned formula (8).
Real time data comparative analysis is as follows：
In order to more intuitively be compared and analyzed to the secondary voltage of whole station, following table is pressed to the CVT secondary voltages of whole station
Lattice are pre-processed, and in the present embodiment, are illustrated with four CVT in whole station.
Table 1
Pressure difference accounting is：Voltage difference/reference voltage * 100%.Breakdown the piece number brings the calculating after formula (8) into for voltage difference
As a result.
Specific variation when secondary voltage and other parameter are with respect to normal value during abnormal parameters for convenience of description, in table 1
In list four kinds of state parameters, the first CVT is in normal operating condition, and the 2nd CVT is in power failure, and the 3rd CVT is in
Capacitance breakdown conditions, the 4th CVT are in secondary circuit failure state.
In order to screen valid data, the data of secondary voltage exception are excluded, need to handle data.For simplification
It calculates, the general secondary voltage for only reading at least one CVT in real time of system is after acquisition secondary voltage instantaneous value, is converted to two
Secondary voltage difference is as storage of history data P, and to preserve a data at regular intervals, if collecting the two of current time
Secondary voltage difference is more than first voltage threshold value than secondary voltage difference for the previous period, then is carried out with the data of lower a period of time
Comparison, if the value is still constant, which is preserved, if the value is restored, saves as data for the previous period,
In the present embodiment, interval time is used as within preferably 5 minutes, such method can greatly save the statistics calculation amount of computer, accelerate system
The speed of service of system.
In order to analyze the situation of CVT capacitances breakdown, when judging that CVT capacitances puncture, automatically by the phase voltage of whole station, secondary
Voltage data carries out failure wave-recording, and is preserved together using the between-failures data that monitoring system judges.The recording time is from failure
Moment is past for the previous period, such as 2 seconds, a period of time after fault recovery, such as 5 seconds.
Above-described embodiment is only to illustrate the present invention and not limits technical solution described in the invention；Therefore, although
This specification is with reference to above-mentioned each embodiment to present invention has been detailed description, still, the ordinary skill of this field
Personnel should be appreciated that and still can modify or equivalently replace the present invention；And all do not depart from the present invention spirit and
The technical solution of range and its improvement, are intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, applied to substation supervisory control system, feature
It is, includes the following steps：
Step S10 reads the secondary voltage numerical value and pace of change of at least one CVT by substation supervisory control system in real time parallel,
And reference voltage is chosen according to default；
Step S20 counts the duration of the secondary voltage variation of each CVT, and the secondary voltage pace of change of each CVT is carried out
Filtering for a CVT, if its secondary voltage change speed is more than setting pace of change, enters step S30；
Step S30 calculates the secondary voltage numerical value of the CVT and the difference of reference voltage；If difference is greater than or equal to first voltage
Threshold value or duration are more than setting time, then judge that the secondary voltage of the CVT is abnormal, and enters step S40；
Step S40, judges whether the secondary voltage numerical value of the CVT and the difference of reference voltage are in first voltage threshold value and second
Between voltage threshold, it is the capacitance breakdown for judging the CVT.
2. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 1 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, which is characterized in that
Further include step S41, if the CVT capacitance breakdown, according to secondary voltage before breakdown after numerical difference calculate it is breakdown
Capacitance number.
3. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 1 or 2 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, feature exist
In, further include step S31, if the difference of the secondary voltage numerical value of the CVT and reference voltage be less than first voltage threshold value, Huo Zhechi
When the continuous time is less than setting time, it is system exception to judge the CVT secondary voltages reason of changes.
4. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 1 or 2 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, feature exist
In, further include step S32, judge each CVT secondary voltage variation beginning and ending time it is whether identical, if then decision-making system voltage
It is abnormal；If it is not, then whether the difference of the secondary voltage numerical value of more each CVT and reference voltage is more than tertiary voltage threshold value, and
Whether the duration is more than setting time, if being to be, whether the electric current for judging to be spaced where CVT is zero, if then judging
Interval where the CVT has a power failure, if otherwise judging the secondary circuit failure of the CVT.
5. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 2 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, which is characterized in that
The breakdown capacitance number n of series capacitance in the CVT has following relationship with secondary voltage：N=n2UOnceN1(1/UIt is secondary-1/U
`It is secondary), it is U` according to the changing value of CVT secondary voltagesIt is secondary-UIt is secondary, U before the CVT secondary voltages variationIt is secondaryFor：UIt is secondary=UOnce*
n2/(n1+n2)*N1, U` after the CVT secondary voltages variationIt is secondaryFor：U`It is secondary=UOnce*n2/(n1+n2-n)*N1, wherein UOnceFor CVT
Primary voltage, n1For the series capacitance number of CVT capacitance partial pressures part, n2Series capacitance for CVT electromagnet portion primary sides both ends
Number, N1For the transformer voltage ratio of CVT electromagnet portions, n is breakdown capacitance number.
6. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 5 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, which is characterized in that
The first voltage threshold value, second voltage threshold value and tertiary voltage threshold value are to lead to secondary electricity according to a capacitance is breakdown respectively
Press percentage change setting.
7. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 1 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, which is characterized in that
The setting time is at least the sum of the delay of back-up protection longest and breaker actuation time.
8. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 1 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, which is characterized in that
The secondary voltage for reading at least one CVT in real time is after acquisition secondary voltage instantaneous value, is converted to secondary voltage difference work
For storage of history data P, and to preserve a data at regular intervals, if collecting the secondary voltage difference ratio at current time
Secondary voltage difference for the previous period is more than first voltage threshold value, then the data with lower a period of time are compared, if should
Value is still constant, then preserves the data, if the value is restored, saves as data for the previous period.
9. the CVT capacitance on-line monitoring methods according to claim 1 based on the monitoring of CVT secondary voltages, which is characterized in that
In the step S40, when judging the breakdown of CVT capacitances, the phase voltage of whole station, secondary voltage data are subjected to failure record automatically
Wave, and preserved together using the failure CVT data that substation supervisory control system judges.
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| CN106646324B (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2019-03-12 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of CVT measurement error abnormality appraisal procedure and system |
| CN106597349B (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2023-05-23 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | CVT metering error on-line monitoring method and system based on secondary voltage |
| CN106772200B (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2023-07-21 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | CVT metering error abnormity evaluation method and system based on capacitance-to-ground current |
| CN107607764B (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2020-08-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Multi-path capacitive voltage transformer real-time detection device |
| CN111208396A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-05-29 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司柳州局 | Method for detecting capacitance breakdown number of capacitance voltage transformer |
| CN111751777B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2024-03-01 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Voltage transformer running state diagnosis method |
| CN117849691B (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-05-14 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Multi-dimensional collaborative operation monitoring and early warning system and method for capacitive voltage transformer |
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