CN105531134A - 具有电机的结构单元 - Google Patents

具有电机的结构单元 Download PDF

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CN105531134A
CN105531134A CN201480050883.5A CN201480050883A CN105531134A CN 105531134 A CN105531134 A CN 105531134A CN 201480050883 A CN201480050883 A CN 201480050883A CN 105531134 A CN105531134 A CN 105531134A
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rotor
structural unit
desaxe
elastic
driver element
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CN105531134B (zh
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W·格罗斯佩施
G·威尔内科斯
A·马考
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003Couplings; Details of shafts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/04Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow radial displacement, e.g. Oldham couplings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/06Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/1207Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon characterised by the supporting arrangement of the damper unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/121Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
    • F16F15/123Wound springs
    • F16F15/1232Wound springs characterised by the spring mounting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/108Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/264Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with outer rotor and inner stator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

一种结构单元(10),包括:具有定子(14)和可旋转的转子(16)的电机(12);可旋转的输出元件(20),其为了传递转矩与转子(16)处于有效连接中;和轴线偏移装置(18),其中,轴线偏移装置(18)布置在转子(16)与输出元件(20)之间并且能够在转子(16)的旋转轴线(A1)与输出元件(20)的旋转轴线(A2)之间存在轴线偏移和/或角度偏移的情况下实现传递转矩。

Description

具有电机的结构单元
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的结构单元。
背景技术
这种类型的结构单元已在文件DE102006053660A1中公开。在此,结构单元实施成具有电机、扭转减振器和内燃机,内燃机经由离合器盘可松开地与电机的转子有效连接。由于在制造和装配时的公差以及曲轴的摇摆运动(Taumelbewegung,即,转动加轴向振动),在动力传动链的不同模块的旋转轴线(例如内燃机的曲轴、电机的转子的旋转轴线、变速器的变速器输入轴等等)之间出现轴线偏移以及角度偏移。在模块的各个轴之间的偏移在此通过轴线偏移装置、尤其通过转子相对于定子的减轻摇摆的支承来平衡,其中,说明了用于将转子布置在定子处的多个不同的支承变型。该减轻摇摆的支承在当前1mm或更多的轴线偏移的情况下承受很高的负荷。这尤其对电机起消极作用。
需注意的是,不平衡或者不消除轴线偏移,而是仅在两个可旋转的构件之间实现转矩传递,构件的旋转轴线彼此具有轴线偏移。
在文件DE10002830B4中借助独立的离合器盘显示了在存在轴线偏移的情况下实现转矩传递的另一种可行的方案,然而该可行的方案未示出根据开始时阐述的类型的结构单元。在此,带动盘与轮毂盘经由齿部与放在中间的螺旋弹簧有效连接,由此形成轴线偏移装置。齿部在径向方向和周向方向上提供足够的间隙,以便带动盘和轮毂盘可具有在一定程度上不同的旋转轴线并且还是经由螺旋弹簧传递转矩地相连接。
在混合动力汽车和电动汽车中,电机用作驱动马达或者集成在动力传动链内部用于辅助主驱动器。因此,通过箱式结构方式或者模块结构方式,在动力传动链中通常使多个模块彼此串联。为了避免在模块之间的轴线偏移,对制造公差和装配公差提出了很高的要求。轴线偏移可以高的花费来消除,例如通过高精度的制造以及相应的使模块彼此取向的定心和支承装置,例如导向轴承(Pilotlager)。这需要相应附加的结构空间。
发明内容
因此,目的在于,将轴线偏移装置节约空间地并且成本合适地集成在这种类型的结构单元中。
上述目的借助于根据独立权利要求所述的结构单元来实现。在从属权利要求中说明了本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案
根据本发明提出这种类型的结构单元,在其中轴线偏移装置布置在转子与输出元件之间并且能够在转子的旋转轴线与输出元件的旋转轴线之间存在轴线偏移和/或角度偏移的情况下实现传递转矩。
情况是,越来越多的组件(例如扭转减振器、执行器或者离合器)布置在这种模块内部。由于由此产生的空间缺乏,有利的是,各个组件可集成在模块的不同的位置处。在此,阐述一种可行的方案,将传递转矩的轴线偏移装置在结构单元中集成在电机与输出元件之间。
此外,与文件DE102006053660A1中的将转子减轻摇摆地支承在定子处相反,这种传递转矩的轴线偏移装置作为特别的组件集成在结构单元的力流或者转矩流中。由此,显著减小在电机的转子与定子之间的支承的负荷。
除此之外,这种传递转矩的轴线偏移装置显著降低对装配公差和制造公差的要求,并且可在低的制造花费的情况下相对成本合适且节约空间地进行集成。
这种结构单元建立了在两个可旋转的构件之间的有效连接、尤其在转子与输出元件之间的转矩传递,其中,转子的旋转轴线相对于输出元件的旋转轴线彼此具有或可具有轴向偏移(在轴向的方向上)和/或径向偏移和/或倾斜。在此,输出元件的旋转轴线通过另一模块的轴来预设,其中,输出元件不可相对旋转地与该轴(例如变速器的变速器输入轴)有效连接。尤其由于不同构件的摇摆运动,偏移在运行期间连续改变。因为也出现轴向的偏移,轴线偏移装置具有轴向的自由度。因此,输出元件相对转子可沿轴向移位。
这种轴向偏移、径向偏移和倾斜偏移尤其也由驱动马达(例如内燃机)引起,其曲轴由于不均匀的、随时刻变化的力引入弯曲并且由此引起摇摆运动。该摇摆运动随后传递到动力传动链的其他模块上。
轴线偏移装置恰好在长模块链中是有利的,因为制造公差结合各个模块装配点的间距使得各个模块的所有旋转轴线难于彼此精确地取向。使用的模块越多,轴线偏移也越大并且越棘手。
在一种可能的实施方案变型中,已经证实有利的是,轴线偏移装置具有驱动元件、从动元件和至少一个弹性元件,其中,弹性元件在功能方面布置在驱动元件与从动元件之间。在此,电机的转子不可相对旋转地或者固定地与驱动元件连接,其中,转子预设用于驱动元件的旋转轴线。而从动元件的旋转轴线由输出元件的旋转轴线预设,其中,驱动元件与输出元件经由固定的或者不可相对旋转的连接彼此连接。为了实现在驱动元件和从动元件之间的转矩传递,驱动元件和从动元件通过一个或者多个弹性元件彼此有效连接。接下来还将仅阐述一个弹性元件,其中,该阐述可应用于所有弹性元件。
原则上,功能性的驱动元件可由转子或者转子的转子支架构成,和/或功能性的从动元件可由输出元件构成。通过将功能性的驱动元件和从动元件集成到其他构件中可很紧凑地构造轴线偏移装置。
此外,有利的是,驱动元件与转子在沿径向外部的区域中相连接。如果驱动元件由转子支架构成,则转子支架优选地布置在沿径向外部的区域中。这是有利的且必需的,以在该组件的沿径向内部的区域中提供尽可能多的结构空间给其他组件。
此外,有利的是,驱动元件、从动元件和弹性元件彼此沿径向布置。这实现了在轴向方向上节约空间的结构方式。
提出在驱动元件与从动元件之间存在在径向方向和轴向方向上的间隙距离,间隙距离使得能够实现驱动元件和从动元件彼此的轴向偏移、径向偏移以及倾斜。在正常运行状态中,驱动元件和从动元件可彼此具有轴向偏移、径向偏移和/或倾斜,而驱动元件和从动元件没有相互接触或发生接触。然而可为有利的且必需的是,轴线偏移装置的一个或者多个构件在一定的运行状态中接触或者用作止挡。
驱动元件和从动元件例如可具有凹处,凹处相应成对地形成容纳处,其中,弹性元件布置在容纳处内部。这种容纳处可这样设计,使得弹性元件以其位于在周向方向上的端部支撑在驱动元件和从动元件处并且产生有效连接。
一方面,弹性元件优选地构造成在周向方向上是刚性的,以便以尽可能小的损失和尽可能无相对振动或旋转振动地在驱动元件与从动元件之间传递转矩。另一方面,弹性元件需构造成在周向方向或者作用方向上具有大的弹簧系数或者小的压缩性。横向于周向方向或者作用方向来看,弹性元件优选地实施成柔性的,以便在驱动元件与从动元件之间彼此在横向方向上的相对运动尽可能不受力地实施。这例如可通过弹性元件(尤其螺旋弹簧)实现,弹性元件的长度与弹性元件的直径或宽度相比更大。有利地,弹性元件的长度至少是弹性元件的直径或宽度的两倍。此外,存在这样的可行方案,即,如此选择弹性元件的弹性常数和/或弯曲力矩,使得弹性元件在周向方向上或者作用方向上是刚性的,并且在横向方向上是柔性的。
弹性元件和相关的容纳处如此构造,即,弹性元件在出现最大轴向偏移、径向偏移和倾斜偏移的情况下既不塑性变形,也不受损,或者也不以其他方式消极地影响功能性。
在附图说明中获得实施方案变型,其中,在本发明的范围中也可使用其他的轴线偏移装置。
如已提及的那样,极其有利的是,驱动元件不可相对旋转地或者固定地与转子连接,并且从动元件不可相对旋转地或者固定地与输出元件连接。
根据一种优选的设计方案极其适宜的是,转子相对于输出元件或者驱动元件相对于从动元件可受限制地旋转。因为在驱动元件与从动元件之间的相对旋转和旋转振动可保持得很小,所以当弹性元件具有大的弹力或者大的弹性常数时,这是有利的。利用该大的弹力,在转子与输出元件之间或者在驱动元件与从动元件之间的相对旋转角度很小并且转矩传递很直接。优选地,如此构造弹性元件,即,在输出元件与输入元件之间或者在驱动元件与从动元件之间的旋转角度基本上不超过5°的旋转角度。
在一种改进方案中,在输出元件与转子之间或者在驱动元件与从动元件之间的旋转角度由止挡限制。止挡阻止尤其防止弹性元件因过高的旋转角度过载或者损坏。在使用螺旋弹簧作为弹性元件的情况下,螺旋弹簧例如可变成块并且由此受损。此外,止挡限制旋转角度,因为应尽可能避免相对旋转和旋转振动。
在一种改进方案中,已经证实特别适宜的是,轴线偏移装置具有至少三个弹性元件。有利地,这些弹性元件可与其数量无关地均匀地布置在周向方向上。
此外,已经证实有利的是,弹性元件实施成螺旋弹簧。
提出至少一个或多个弹性元件以及驱动元件和从动元件的接触区域构造成钢材部件,弹性元件贴靠或者可贴靠在接触区域处。备选地,轴线偏移装置的所有构件可构造成钢材部件。
在一种改进方案中,至少一个或多个弹性元件以及驱动元件和从动元件的接触区域经过淬火处理,弹性元件贴靠或者可贴靠在接触区域处。通过淬火,例如阻止弹性元件、尤其螺旋弹簧结合到材料中,其中,螺旋弹簧在正常情况下同样经过淬火处理。特别在弹性元件的贴靠区域处,淬火是有利的。当然完全可为有利的是,其他的构件和/或整个驱动元件和从动元件构造成经过淬火处理。
有利地,结构单元布置在具有曲轴的驱动马达处,其中,转子与曲轴有效连接。在曲轴与转子之间可布置其他的构件,例如中间轴。电机可结合驱动马达(例如内燃机)用作辅助马达、发电机或者起动机。
还已经证实有利的是,结构单元具有离合装置以用于可选择地中断在曲轴与转子之间的转矩传递。在这种实施方案中存在该可行的方案,即,电机除了已提及的功能之外可用作独立的驱动马达。
提出,至少在内部具有电机、轴线偏移装置和输出元件的结构单元构造成预制的安装模块。其他的部件(例如离合装置和中间轴)可按需同样集成到该安装模块中。这具有该优点,即结构单元可预制成模块单元。在安装结构单元时,这实现了简单地装配单个安装模块。
附图说明
接下来根据附图示例性地阐述本发明。其中:
图1显示了具有电机的结构单元的示意性的结构;
图2显示了图1中的结构单元的实施方案变型;
图3显示了具有电机的结构单元的轴线偏移装置的局部视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了具有电机12的结构单元10的示意性的结构。电机12包括固定的定子14和转子16。转子16可围绕旋转轴线A1自由旋转地沿径向布置在定子14外部,并且布置成可相对于定子14自由旋转(外转子结构类型)。在此处未示出的其他变型中,转子16也可以其他方式相对于定子14布置,例如布置在定子内部或者沿轴向布置在定子侧部。转子16还经由轴线偏移装置18与输出元件20有效连接。接下来首先借助图2阐述轴线偏移装置18的可能的结构和工作方式。在此,输出元件20布置成可围绕旋转轴线A2自由旋转,该旋转轴线不同于转子16的旋转轴线A1,更确切地说与转子16的旋转轴线A1不同轴。在此,转子16的旋转轴线A1和输出元件20的旋转轴线A2可相对彼此具有角度W(倾斜)和/或径向偏移Vr,角度(倾斜)和/或径向偏移尤其可在结构单元10运行期间在一定的界限内改变。此外,输出元件20相对于转子16可具有轴向偏移Va,该轴向偏移同样可在结构单元10运行期间在一定的界限内改变。
在图2和图3中示出之前示意性地阐述的结构单元10的一种实施方案变型。该实施变型相对于已示意性地阐述的结构单元10具有一些附加的构件,然而这些构件并非是强制必需的。
结构单元10具有定子14和转子16,转子沿径向在外部包围定子(外转子结构类型)。定子14和转子16是电机12的部件,电机尤其也可实施成内转子结构类型或者其他变型。
罐状的转子16经由支承23支承在输入轴22处,其中,转子16和输入轴22具有共同的旋转轴线A1。在此,输入轴22尤其实施成空心轴。此外,输入轴22经由离合装置24与转子16传递转矩地可松开地有效连接。离合装置24可是通常的、用于动力传动链中的离合器24,尤其是干式或者湿式摩擦离合器24。关于离合装置24的构造,参考申请号为102012216601.7的申请文件。输入轴22不可相对旋转地与前置的驱动马达2的输出轴3有效连接,尤其与内燃机2的曲轴3有效连接。在此,具有输出轴3的驱动马达2以及离合装置24和输入轴22是可选的,其中,附加的驱动马达2显著提高结构单元10的柔性和可用性。在可如此接通的驱动马达2中,电机12可满足不同的目的,这些目的已在上述的说明中进行了阐述。
转子16如图1中的示意性的实施例那样经由轴线偏移装置18与输出元件20有效连接。此外,转子16形成转子支架17。轴线偏移装置18具有多个弹性元件28、驱动元件26和从动元件30。在此,轴线偏移装置沿轴向在电机12侧部布置在指离驱动马达2的侧部上。此外,驱动元件26由实施成板材件的从动元件30在径向上围住,并且在指离电机12的侧部上由从动元件30覆盖。此外,驱动元件26与转子16固定地连接,并且从动元件30与输出元件20固定地连接,其中,输出元件20沿径向布置在轴线偏移装置18内部。紧接着输出元件20例如可布置有变速器6,变速器的变速器输入轴7与输出元件20有效连接。可看出的是,驱动元件26尤其也用作用于离合装置24的压板。
为了在驱动元件26与从动元件30之间实现有效连接,驱动元件26和从动元件30相应地具有多个凹处32,凹处均匀分布在周向方向上并且相应成对地形成用于弹性元件28的容纳处34。弹性元件28在此处实施成实心件的驱动元件26处布置在槽32内部,槽对于弹性元件28形成在径向方向上向内的贴靠区域36a以及在周向方向上的两个贴靠区域或者贴靠面36b。在实施成板状的从动元件30处,位于周向方向上的弹性元件28在径向方向上在冲压区域32内部作用于从动元件30。冲压区域32如此成型,使得弹性元件在周向方向上通过在引导部38、更确切地说弹簧引导部38处的贴靠区域36c限制,以及可通过贴靠区域36d沿径向向外限制地***。弹簧引导部38尤其用于相对于离心力固定弹性元件28。弹簧引导部38在周向方向上仅实施在弹性元件28的长度的一部分上,以保证弹性元件28的端部在径向方向上提高的自由的可运动性。端部的自由的可运动性是必需的,以使得对于驱动元件26来说能够实现相对于从动元件28的倾斜W和径向偏移Vr。为了在存在径向偏移Vr的情况下将弹性元件28在径向方向上的力作用保持得尽可能小,弹性元件28实施成很长、具有小的直径。这例如对于螺旋弹簧在大的弹性常数的情况下引起在作用方向或者周向方向上的大的刚度或者小的可压缩性-与在横向方向上的小的刚度或者高的柔性相比。原则上有利的是,在作用方向上的弹性刚度选择成大于在横向方向上的弹性刚度。与此相匹配地,在横向方向或作用方向上的柔性选择成相对于在周向方向或作用方向上的柔性更大。因此,弹性元件28实现在驱动元件26与从动元件30之间的非常直接的转矩传递,其中,在轴向偏移、径向偏移和倾斜时获得尽可能不受力的可运动性。
如果驱动元件26承受转矩,则力经由贴靠区域36b传递到弹性元件28上,弹性元件作用于从动元件30的相对而置的贴靠区域36c上并且传递转矩。转矩传递可在两个方向上进行。
驱动元件26、从动元件30和弹性元件28这样设计,即,径向偏移Vr、角度偏移W(倾斜)和轴向偏移Va在一定的范围内是可行的,而不同的构件没有倾斜、卡住或者以其他方式影响功能。为保证这一点,尤其设置在驱动元件26与从动元件30之间的径向间距d(间隙距离),其在旋转轴线A1和A2相同或者同轴的情况下至少如旋转轴线A1和A2的可能的最大轴线偏移一样大。其他的间隙距离遵循这种情况,以在轴向偏移、径向偏移和倾斜的情况下避免在驱动元件26与从动元件30之间的接触。在径向的轴线偏移的情况下,为了避免在驱动元件26与从动元件30之间在径向方向上卡住弹性元件28的端部,弹簧引导部38仅实施在弹性元件28的中心。然而可为有利的以及必需的是,轴线偏移装置18的构件在一定的运行状态中接触或者用作止挡。
此外,驱动元件26具有止挡元件40,该止挡元件在止挡开口42处沿径向穿过从动元件30并且可在从动元件30的止挡区域44处在周向方向上建立接触。止挡元件40和止挡区域44这样构造,使得在驱动元件26与从动元件30之间的旋转角度受到限制。功能性的旋转角度限制当然取决于要求并且因此是可选的。
附图标记
2驱动马达/内燃机
3曲轴
6变速器
7变速器输入轴
10结构单元
12电机
14定子
16转子
17转子支架
18轴线偏移装置
20输出元件
22输入轴
23支承
24离合装置
26驱动元件
28弹性元件/螺旋弹簧
30从动元件
32凹处
34容纳处
36a-36c贴靠区域/贴靠面
38引导部/弹簧引导部
40止挡元件
42止挡开口
44止挡区域
A1旋转轴线
A2旋转轴线
d间距/间隙距离
Va轴向偏移
Vr径向偏移
W角度/倾斜

Claims (16)

1.一种结构单元(10),包括,
-具有定子(14)和能旋转的转子(16)的电机(12),
-能旋转的输出元件(20),其为了传递转矩与所述转子(16)处于有效连接中,以及
-轴线偏移装置(18),
其特征在于,所述轴线偏移装置(18)布置在所述转子(16)与所述输出元件(20)之间并且能够在所述转子(16)的旋转轴线(A1)与所述输出元件(20)的旋转轴线(A2)之间存在轴线偏移和/或角度偏移的情况下实现传递转矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述输出元件(20)相对于所述转子(16)能沿轴向移位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述轴线偏移装置(18)具有驱动元件(26)、从动元件(30)和至少一个弹性元件(28),其中,所述弹性元件(28)在功能方面布置在所述驱动元件(26)与所述从动元件(30)之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,在所述驱动元件(26)与所述从动元件(30)之间存在在径向方向和轴向方向上的间隙距离(d),该间隙距离使得能够实现所述驱动元件(26)和所述从动元件(30)相对彼此的轴向偏移、径向偏移以及倾斜。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述驱动元件(26)不能相对旋转地与所述转子(16)相连接,并且所述从动元件(30)不能相对旋转地与所述输出元件(20)相连接。
6.根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述驱动元件(26)与所述转子(16)在沿径向外部的区域中相连接。
7.根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述驱动元件(26)、所述从动元件(30)和所述弹性元件(28)彼此沿径向布置。
8.根据权利要求3至7中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述驱动元件(26)通过所述转子(16)的转子支架(17)构成,和/或所述从动元件(30)通过所述输出元件(20)构成。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,在所述转子(16)与所述输出元件(30)之间的旋转角度受止挡(40)限制。
10.根据权利要求3至9中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述轴线偏移装置(18)具有至少三个弹性元件(28),该至少三个弹性元件均匀分布地布置在周向方向上。
11.根据权利要求3至10中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,一个或多个所述弹性元件(28)实施成一个或多个螺旋弹簧(28)。
12.根据权利要求3至11中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,至少一个或多个弹性元件(28)以及所述驱动元件(26)和所述从动元件(30)构造成钢材部件。
13.根据权利要求3至12中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,至少一个或多个弹性元件(28)以及所述驱动元件(26)和所述从动元件(30)的接触区域经过淬火处理,所述弹性元件(28)贴靠或者能贴靠在该接触区域处。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述结构单元(10)布置在具有曲轴(3)的驱动马达(2)处,其中,所述转子(16)与所述曲轴(30)有效连接。
15.根据权利要求14所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,所述结构单元(10)具有离合装置(24)以用于能够选择地中断在所述曲轴(3)与所述转子(16)之间的转矩传递。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的结构单元(10),其特征在于,具有电机(12)、输出元件(20)和轴线偏移装置(18)的所述结构单元(10)构造成预制的安装模块。
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US20160226336A1 (en) 2016-08-04
CN105531134B (zh) 2018-08-17
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