CN105529677A - Current-limiting solid-state circuit breaker for actively suppressing overvoltage and control method thereof - Google Patents
Current-limiting solid-state circuit breaker for actively suppressing overvoltage and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a current-limiting solid-state circuit breaker capable of actively suppressing overvoltage and a control method thereof. The circuit structure of the device is shown in a dotted frame in figure and comprises a master switching circuit, a follow current circuit and a control system, wherein the master switching circuit comprises a Q1 and a Q2, the follow current circuit comprises a Q3, a Q4 and a Q5, the master switching circuit is formed by reversely connecting two field effect transistors (MOSFET, MOS transistors) Q1 and Q2, an output end of the master switching circuit is connected with one end of the follow current circuit, the control system detects the input voltage of the solid-state circuit breaker and the current of the master switching circuit and controls the MOS transistors of the master switching circuit and the follow current circuit according to the input voltage and the current, the control system takes protective measure when the current of a main loop is detected to exceed a rated value or a current limiting value, the Q3 or the Q4 of a follow current branch is firstly conducted according to the directions of the current and the input voltage, the switching circuit is then cut off, higher voltage (Ldi/dt) caused by a stray inductor L in a power supply circuit during switching off the Q1 and the Q2 is prevented from being applied to the two ends of the MOS transistors of the master switching circuit, and the voltage stress during switching off the Q1 and the Q2 can be greatly reduced. Except for actively preventing overvoltage, compared with other solid-state circuit breaker, the current-limiting solid-state circuit breaker has the advantages that the MOSFET switching tubes are adopted, the structure is simple, the current-limiting solid-state circuit breaker is convenient to drive and easy to expand capacity in parallel, and the conduction loss is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power system fault resist technology field, particularly the superpotential current-limiting type solid circuit breaker topology of a kind of active suppression and control method thereof.
Background technology
Circuit breaker is as the important step of in grid power transmission circuit; a kind of important control and protection equipment; its performance directly affects the normal operation of electrical network; and exchange a large amount of mechanical type circuit breaker adopted in power transmission and distribution at present; although its conducting is stable, carrying load ability is strong, often produce electric arc when disconnecting consumers, the easy scaling loss of contact; switch off time is long, is difficult to meet the quick-action requirement that some power consumers cut-off fault current.
Based on the solid circuit breaker of power electronic device compared with traditional mechanical type circuit breaker, structural distinguishing feature is contactless, does not need the measures such as arc extinguishing; And have that responsiveness is faster, the occasion that can be applicable to need frequently to cut-off, long service life, maintenance are simple, easily realize the series of advantages such as intelligent.
In AC applications occasion, the power electronic device that solid circuit breaker adopts is from initial thyristor (SCR), turn-off thyristor (GTO), power transistor (GTR) is to power field effect transistor (MOSFET), igbt (IGBT) and integral gate change transistor (IGCT), electron injection enhancement gate transistor (IEGT) etc., multiple solid circuit breaker structure has been there is based on different components, the solid circuit breaker of thyristor composition is adopted to have capacity large, without advantages such as electric arcs, but the shutoff moment could must turn off after overcurrent, add the turn-off time.Adopt the solid circuit breaker of the power electronic device compositions such as IGBT, IGCT, although have the less turn-off time, do not need current over-zero just can turn off, thus the functions such as limiting short-circuit current.But conducting voltage is slightly high, on-state loss is comparatively large, not easily passs through capacity increasing in parallel simultaneously.Be no matter the circuit breaker based on GTO, IGCT or IGBT, when realizing alternating-current bidirectional and controlling, must carry out reverse parallel connection again by after power switch pipe series power diode, this makes complex structure, increases the loss of extra switch pipe.
The solid circuit breaker of MOSFET is adopted to have switching speed faster, be easy to the advantages such as expansion capacity in parallel, but force down because MOSFET is resistance to, when line load presents perception or circuit distribution induction reactance is larger, if turn-off speed is too fast, larger instantaneous voltage can be produced at solid circuit breaker major loop power electronic device metal-oxide-semiconductor two ends when turning off, device excessive pressure damages may be caused.Simultaneously relative to other power electronic device, if therefore for solid circuit breaker, must be limited metal-oxide-semiconductor both end voltage, could be applied more reliably.At present, the overvoltage protection in solid circuit breaker mainly relies on capacitance-resistance buffer circuit and zinc oxide lightning rod 2 kinds of modes, and these 2 kinds of modes are all to superpotential passive protection, does not fundamentally eliminate overvoltage Producing reason.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of above-described mechanical chopper and current solid circuit breaker, the present invention proposes and a kind ofly based on metal-oxide-semiconductor, there is the superpotential current-limiting type solid circuit breaker topology of active suppression and control mode thereof.Solid circuit breaker of the present invention has following features: utilize metal-oxide-semiconductor to be easy to characteristic in parallel, facilitates metal-oxide-semiconductor expansion capacity in parallel, reduces conduction loss; Have freewheeling circuit and control method of taking the initiative suppresses the generation of system overvoltage, protection metal-oxide-semiconductor can not excessive pressure damages; Be suitable for low-voltage and high-current and exchange applications.
The invention provides a kind of solid circuit breaker, comprising: main switch circuit, freewheeling circuit and control system three part composition.Main switch circuit is made up of Q1 and Q2 two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations, D1 and D2 in main switch circuit is respectively the parasitic diode of Q1 and Q2, and the drain electrode of Q1 is connected with ac power input end L; Freewheeling circuit is made up of Q3 and Q4 two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations, D3 and D4 is respectively the parasitic diode of Q3 and Q4, and the drain electrode of the Q3 in freewheeling circuit is connected with the drain electrode of Q2, and Q4 is connected with the input N of AC power; The circuit such as control system comprises main circuit current testing circuit, input voltage detection circuit, microcontroller circuit, current comparison circuit, drive circuit form.Control system detects input voltage and load current and controls the metal-oxide-semiconductor of main switch circuit and freewheeling circuit.
Switching device Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of described solid circuit breaker are respectively the parallel connection of a metal-oxide-semiconductor or multiple metal-oxide-semiconductor.When needs expand current capacity, realize by direct multiple metal-oxide-semiconductor in parallel.
Present invention also offers the control method for described solid circuit breaker, its control flow and step as follows: when solid circuit breaker normally works, control Q1 and Q2 is in conducting state, then Q1 and Q2 is equivalent to resistance Ron and runs, Q3 and Q4 is in off state.When control system detects that load current effective value exceedes rated current but is less than cut-off current; start microprocessor internal timer and start timing, during timing, if load current is greater than rated current and be less than cut-off current always; after then arriving setting delay time, starting protection program.If during timing, load current is less than rated current, then device stops timing and continues to keep normal operating conditions.
The control method of described solid circuit breaker also comprises: when load short circuits; load current rapid development; in order to limiting short-circuit current increases further; need to implement fast break; the cut-off current of the current signal detected and setting is compared by comparator circuit by this control system; when load current instantaneous value is greater than the cut-off current of setting; comparison circuit output low level is to microprocessor; after microprocessor detects low level input; enter interrupt service routine, implemented to control to solid circuit breaker by interrupt service routine starting protection program.This control method utilizes the instantaneous value of electric current to judge, can implement fast break quickly and the further growth of Limited Current, prevent because of the excessive damaged line of electric current or electric equipment.
The defence program of described solid circuit breaker control method takes following steps: the amplitude of the voltage and current that microprocessor arrives according to current detection judges the direction of voltage and current; when voltage and current direction is consistent with the reference direction of setting; then first conducting Q4; for load current provides afterflow branch road; after time delay Δ t (generally within several microsecond), turn off Q1 and Q2 simultaneously.Owing to there is stray inductance in load end circuit, load end inductive current is by Q4-D3-R0 afterflow, and there is electric current and will decay to 0 gradually due to R0, now control system turns off Q4.If when the voltage and current direction that control system detects is all contrary with reference direction, then first open Q3, after time delay Δ t (generally within several microsecond), turn off Q1 and Q2, now, R0--Q3--D4 provides freewheeling path, when current attenuation to zero time, turn off Q3.Afterflow branch road provides the path of release for fault current, because the existence of line inductance causes higher shutoff voltage (Ldi/dt) when fault current can be suppressed to cut-off.Greatly can alleviate the voltage stress of major loop metal-oxide-semiconductor.
The invention provides the control method of above-mentioned current-limiting type solid circuit breaker.This solid circuit breaker is applicable to low pressure occasion, power supply input to circuit breaker before circuit generally much smaller than the occasion of the line length of load end.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main circuit topology of current-limiting type solid circuit breaker
Fig. 2 is the metal-oxide-semiconductor topology of current-limiting type solid circuit breaker
Circuit working state when Fig. 3 circuit does not transfinite
Afterflow branch road during Fig. 4 electric current forward
Afterflow branch road when Fig. 5 electric current is reverse
The current waveform figure of load current change during Fig. 6 system short-circuit
Fig. 6 short trouble figure
Fig. 7 malfunction switching sequence figure
Fig. 8 current detection circuit
Fig. 9 voltage detecting circuit
Figure 10 frequency detection circuit
Figure 11 current comparison circuit
Figure 12 drive circuit
Figure 13 (a) does not add afterflow branch voltage figure
Figure 13 (b) adds afterflow branch voltage figure
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of solid circuit breaker, comprising: main switch circuit, freewheeling circuit and control system three part composition.Main switch circuit is made up of Q1 and Q2 two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations, D1 and D2 in main switch circuit is respectively the parasitic diode of Q1 and Q2, and the drain electrode of Q1 is connected with ac power input end L; Freewheeling circuit is made up of Q3 and Q4 two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations, D3 and D4 is respectively the parasitic diode of Q3 and Q4, and the drain electrode of the Q3 in freewheeling circuit is connected with the drain electrode of Q2, and Q4 is connected with the input N of AC power; The circuit such as control system comprises main circuit current testing circuit, input voltage detection circuit, microcontroller circuit, current comparison circuit, drive circuit form.Control system detects input voltage and main circuit current and controls the metal-oxide-semiconductor of main switch circuit and freewheeling circuit.Figure (9) (10) (12) (13) is respectively current detection circuit, voltage detecting circuit, current comparison circuit and drive circuit.Microprocessor adopts the TMS320LF28305 of TI company.
As shown in Figure 2, cut-off capacity in order to what improve solid circuit breaker, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 can use multiple metal-oxide-semiconductor parallel operation.
For the control method of described solid circuit breaker, control procedure is as follows: when solid circuit breaker normally works, and Microprocessor S3C44B0X Q1 and Q2 is in conducting state, Q3 and Q4 is in off state.Detect input voltage, load current and frequency in real time simultaneously.
Frequency detecting method: with reference to Fig. 1, specific operation process is as follows: detect frequency, compared the zero crossing of voltage by comparator, produce square wave, frequency detection circuit is as shown in figure (11), open rising edge in the microprocessor and catch interruption, when there being rising edge signal, timing by timer, stops timing when receiving next rising edge, calculate the time difference interval T between two change edges, utilize formula (1) calculated rate f:f=1/T (1)
The detection computations method of voltage and current: voltage and current examine and debug circuit is as shown in figure (9) (10), timer is opened when the zero crossing of voltage being detected, A/D converter is triggered by timer, start the numerical value of sampled voltage and electric current, when next rising edge comes interim, stop timer, forbid that A/D samples, and record the number of sampled point.Then the effective value of formula (2) calculating voltage and electric current is utilized.
Wherein x
2n () is electric current and voltage instantaneous value.
When control system detects that load current effective value exceedes rated current but is less than cut-off current; start microprocessor internal timer and start timing, during timing, if load current is greater than rated current and is less than cut-off current always; after then arriving setting delay time, starting protection program.Defence program implementation step is shown in [0037], if during timing, load current is less than rated current, then device stops timing and continues to keep normal operating conditions.
Except the current detection circuit shown in figure (9), also have a road to be directly inputted into current comparison circuit, see shown in figure (12).When short circuit occurs, due to electric current rapid development, when current value exceedes the cut-off current of comparison circuit setting, comparison circuit output low level signal is to microprocessor, and microprocessor receives low level signal and enters defence program.
Defence program is realized by microprocessor program, its step is as follows: the voltage and current instantaneous value arrived according to current detection judges the direction of voltage and current, when the magnitude of voltage detected is greater than set point, then think that voltage direction is for consistent with scheming (1) institute target reference direction, represent that power supply runs at positive half wave, now microprocessor sends signal, through drive circuit to Q4 gate pole, Q4 conducting, certain time-delay is there is because metal-oxide-semiconductor receives drive singal to complete conducting, after time delay Δ t (generally within the several microsecond) time then generally can be set, sent by microprocessor and turn off Q1 and Q2 signal.Owing to there is stray inductance in circuit, electric current can not suddenly change, then the inductive current in load circuit can pass through afterflow branch road, Q4 → D3 → R
0afterflow, and decay to 0 gradually, when detecting that electric current is after 0, turns off Q4.According to above-mentioned thinking, when microprocessor detects that voltage and current value is contrary with reference direction, then microprocessor first conducting Q3, then after time delay, turn off Q1 and Q2, fault current is through R
0→ Q3 → D4 afterflow, after current attenuation is to 0, turns off Q3.Complete the protection process of overcurrent or short circuit.Avoid the superpotential generation directly turning off circuit stray inductance that Q1 and Q2 cause and cause simultaneously, reduce the voltage stress of Q1 and Q2 blocking interval.The course of work of freewheeling circuit is shown in shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 respectively.
Above-mentioned control method can reach following effect: when load current reaches the certain multiple of rated current time (as 120%), can disconnect (as 10 seconds) main switch circuit by timing certain hour.When a short circuit occurs, as electric current instantaneous value exceed 150% of cut-off current time, hardware disconnects main switch circuit at Microsecond grade.Greatly limit the further growth of electric current, serve the effect of protection circuit.Simultaneously owing to providing continuous current circuit for line inductance, prevent main switching device Q1 and the superpotential generation of Q2 blocking interval.
Implementation result analysis of the present invention: because the turn-off speed of MOSFET is very fast, if do not take to prevent overvoltage measure, then with supply line according to line length 50 meters calculatings, the copper conductor of employing diameter 6mm.Equivalence stray inductance is about 0.11mH.For IRFP460 model metal-oxide-semiconductor, its databook can be found the turn-off time and be about 0.1us, then L*di/dt ≈ 5*10
4volt, the withstand voltage of super this metal-oxide-semiconductor 500V far away, because taking Overvoltage suppressing measure.Figure 13 (a) is respectively the voltage waveform at Q1 and Q2 two ends when directly turning off Q1 and Q2; Q1 and the voltage waveform at Q2 two ends when Figure 13 (b) is for taking the method for the invention to turn off Q1 and Q2.As can be seen from the figure, the voltage at Q1 and Q2 two ends obtains obvious suppression.
Claims (5)
1. based on power field effect transistor (MOSFET, hereinafter referred to as metal-oxide-semiconductor), there is the superpotential current-limiting type solid circuit breaker of active suppression, comprise main switch circuit, freewheeling circuit, control system composition, it is characterized in that:
(1) main switch circuit is made up of Q1 and Q2 two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations, D1 and D2 in main switch circuit is respectively the parasitic diode of Q1 and Q2; The drain electrode of Q1 is connected with ac power input end L;
(2) freewheeling circuit is made up of Q3 and Q4 two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations; D3 and D4 is respectively the parasitic diode of Q3 and Q4; The drain electrode of freewheeling circuit Q3 is connected with the drain electrode of Q2, and Q4 is connected with the input N of AC power;
(3) described control system comprises main circuit current testing circuit, input voltage detection circuit, microcontroller circuit, current comparison circuit, the compositions such as drive circuit.Control system detects input voltage and main circuit current and controls the metal-oxide-semiconductor (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) of main switch circuit and freewheeling circuit.
2. solid circuit breaker according to claim 1, is characterized in that switching device Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are respectively the parallel connection of a metal-oxide-semiconductor or multiple metal-oxide-semiconductor.
3. solid circuit breaker control method according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: when normally working; control Q1 and Q2 is in conducting state; Q3 and Q4 is in off state, when control system detects that but load current effective value exceedes rated current is less than cut-off current, starts microprocessor internal timer and starts timing; during timing; if load current is in be greater than rated current state always, then after arriving setting delay time, starting protection program.
4. the control method of solid circuit breaker according to claim 1 also comprises: when load short circuits, load current rapid development, implement fast break in order to limiting short-circuit current size, the cut-off current of current detection value and setting is compared by comparator circuit, when the current instantaneous value detected is greater than the cut-off current of setting, comparison circuit output low level is to microprocessor, after microprocessor detects low level input, enter interrupt service routine, by interrupt service routine starting protection program control solid circuit breaker break-make, the instantaneous value of electric current is utilized to judge, fast break can be implemented to greatest extent and the further growth of Limited Current, prevent because of the excessive damaged line of electric current or electric equipment.
5. the defence program of the solid circuit breaker control method according to claim 3 and 4 takes following steps:
The amplitude of the voltage and current that control system arrives according to current detection judges the direction of voltage and current, when voltage and current direction is consistent with the reference direction (reference direction is L → N) of setting, then first conducting Q4, for load current provides afterflow branch road, after time delay Δ t (generally within several microsecond), turn off Q1 and Q2 simultaneously.Because load neutral road exists inductance, electric current can not suddenly change, load current is by Q4-D3-R0 afterflow, after current attenuation is to 0, control system turns off Q4, if when the voltage and current direction that control system detects is all contrary with reference direction, then first open Q3, for load current provides the afterflow branch road of R0-Q3-D4, after time delay Δ t (generally within several microsecond), then Q1 and Q2 is turned off, and when load current decays to zero, turn off Q3, owing to being that load current provides afterflow branch road by control Q3 and Q4, greatly can reduce the overvoltage (Ldi/dt) directly turning off line inductance current break that Q1 and Q2 cause and cause.
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Application publication date: 20160427 |