CN105529403B - A kind of method for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer - Google Patents
A kind of method for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer, belongs to area of solar cell.Including:1) hole blocking layer is prepared on substrate;2) light-absorption layer precursor liquid is added dropwise in the substrate surface with hole blocking layer, starts spin coating, after the solvent of light-absorption layer precursor liquid is evaporated completely, decorating liquid is added dropwise, continues spin coating;The decorating liquid is the mixed liquor of the organic solvent of the organic solvent and indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material that can dissolve extinction layer material, and the volume ratio of the organic solvent of indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material and the organic solvent of dissolvable extinction layer material is:16~21, the cumulative volume of decorating liquid is 1~1.5 with the volume ratio of light-absorption layer precursor liquid;After the completion of spin coating, drying.The present invention is modified light-absorption layer during light-absorption layer is prepared using decorating liquid, i.e., first allows calcium titanium ore bed film forming, then it is redissolved using decorating liquid, modification, increase light-absorption layer crystal grain, reduce extinction layer porosity, effectively increase the performance of perovskite solar cell.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to area of solar cell, and in particular to a kind of side for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer
Method.
Background technology
Perovskite solar cell (perovskite solar cells) is that one kind has DSSC
Device architecture, with ABX3Organic-metallic halide of structure etc. is as core light absorbs, opto-electronic conversion, photo-generated carrier
The battery of conveying material.Perovskite solar cell preparation technology is simple, has excellent opto-electronic conversion performance, thus is expected into
To have the advantages that high efficiency, low cost, all solid state, flexible wearable solar cell of new generation.
Perovskite solar cell is mainly prepared using a step spin-coating method, i.e., is prepared respectively using the method for spin coating, annealing
Titanium dioxide dense layer, mesoporous titanium dioxide layer, perovskite light-absorption layer, hole transmission layer, then one layer of gold of hot evaporation or silver are made
To be obtained to electrode.However, this method technique is simple, solvent volatilization is fast in film deposition process, and solution concentration is rapid, therefore
CH3NH3I and PbI2Between reaction speed it is very fast, easily cause generation perovskite crystal size it is uneven, cause activity
Layer has more pin hole.The presence of these pin holes prevents perovskite from substrate is completely covered, to produce larger leakage current;And
To the less stable of water and oxygen, it is oxidized easily in encapsulation process, greatly influences the repeatability of its device performance, is limited
The performance of battery.
The content of the invention
A kind of the defects of present invention exists for background technology, it is proposed that simple modification perovskite solar cell extinction
The method of layer.The present invention increases light-absorption layer crystal grain, reduces extinction layer porosity, so as to effectively by modifying light-absorption layer
Improve the performance of perovskite solar cell.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of method for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer, comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Hole blocking layer is prepared on substrate;
Step 2:Light-absorption layer precursor liquid is added dropwise in the substrate surface with hole blocking layer that step 1 obtains, starts spin coating, treats
After the solvent of light-absorption layer precursor liquid is evaporated completely, decorating liquid is added dropwise, continues spin coating;The decorating liquid is that can dissolve extinction layer material
The mixed liquor of the organic solvent of organic solvent and indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material, indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material has in the decorating liquid
The volume ratio of the organic solvent of solvent and dissolvable extinction layer material is:16~21, before the cumulative volume and light-absorption layer of decorating liquid
The volume ratio for driving liquid is 1~1.5;After the completion of spin coating, drying, you can obtain high coverage, big crystal grain, the extinction with mirror effect
Layer film.
Further, substrate described in step 1 is FTO glass, ito glass, flexible ITO, PEN (poly- naphthalenedicarboxylic acid ethylene glycol
Ester) etc..
Further, hole barrier layer material described in step 1 is TiO2、ZnO、Zn2SnO4Deng.
Further, mesoporous layer can be also prepared in step 1 on hole blocking layer;Mesoporous layer material is TiO2、ZnO、
SiTiO3、ZrO2、Zn2SnO4Deng.
Further, the organic solvent of the dissolvable extinction layer material is DMF (DMF), dimethyl
Sulfoxide (DMSO), gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide (DMA) etc.;The indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material it is organic
Solvent is chlorobenzene, dichloro-benzenes, dichloromethane, toluene etc..
Further, decorating liquid described in step 2 can be chlorobenzene and DMSO, chlorobenzene and DMF, chlorobenzene and GBL, chlorobenzene and
DMA, dichloromethane and GBL, dichloromethane and DMF, dichloromethane and DMA, dichloromethane and DMSO, toluene and DMSO, toluene
With DMA, toluene and DMF etc..
A kind of preparation method for the perovskite solar cell that light-absorption layer is modified using the above method, is comprised the following steps:
Step 1:Hole blocking layer is prepared on substrate;
Step 2:Light-absorption layer precursor liquid is added dropwise in the substrate surface with hole blocking layer that step 1 obtains, starts spin coating, treats
After the solvent of light-absorption layer precursor liquid is evaporated completely, decorating liquid is added dropwise, continues spin coating;The decorating liquid is that can dissolve extinction layer material
The mixed liquor of the organic solvent of organic solvent and indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material, indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material has in the decorating liquid
The volume ratio of the organic solvent of solvent and dissolvable extinction layer material is:16~21, before the cumulative volume and light-absorption layer of decorating liquid
The volume ratio for driving liquid is 1~1.5;After the completion of spin coating, drying, you can obtain high coverage, big crystal grain, the extinction with mirror effect
Layer film;
Step 3:Hole transmission layer is sequentially prepared on light-absorption layer after step 2 processing and to electrode.
Further, hole transport layer material described in step 3 is 2,2', 7,7'- tetra- [N, N- bis- (4- methoxyphenyls) ammonia
Base] organic hole transport material such as-fluorenes of 9,9'- spiral shells two (Spiro-OMeTAD), PTAA, and CuI, CuSCN, NiO, CuInS2Deng
Inorganic hole transporter;Described is gold, silver, carbon etc. to electrode.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1st, the present invention is modified light-absorption layer during light-absorption layer is prepared using decorating liquid, i.e., first allows calcium titanium ore bed
Film forming, is then redissolved using decorating liquid, recrystallized, and has both increased light-absorption layer crystal grain, makes original less particle growth and company
Into a piece of, extinction layer porosity is effectively reduced again, while avoids the generation of leakage current, so as to effectively increase perovskite too
The performance of positive energy battery, foundation is provided to prepare broad area device.
2nd, the present invention prepare perovskite solar cell method it is simple, efficiency high, cost is low, easily realizes the big rule of industrialization
Mould produces, and the performance of obtained solar cell has a distinct increment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic structure schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell of the embodiment of the present invention;Wherein:1 is FTO glass, 2
It is mesoporous layer for hole blocking layer, 3,4 be light-absorption layer, and 5 be hole transmission layer, and 6 be to electrode;
Fig. 2 is the key operation step schematic diagram of the modification perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer of the embodiment of the present invention;Its
In, a is spin coating light-absorption layer CH3NH3PbI3The TiO of precursor liquid2/ FTO glass, b are using chlorobenzene and dmso treatment
CH3NH3PbI3Light-absorption layer, c are the light-absorption layer after chlorobenzene and dmso treatment, and d is the light-absorption layer after processing on warm table
Annealing;
Fig. 3 is the IV curve comparison figures for the perovskite solar cell that embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 obtain;
Fig. 4 is the IV curve comparison figures for the perovskite solar cell that embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 obtain.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in detail.
A kind of method for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer, comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Hole blocking layer is prepared on substrate;
Step 2:Light-absorption layer precursor liquid is added dropwise in the substrate surface with hole blocking layer that step 1 obtains, stand 1~
2min, then with 3000r/min rotating speed 5~7s of spin coating, after light-absorption layer precursor liquid solvent is evaporated completely, decorating liquid is added dropwise, after
The continuous rotating speed spin coating with 3000r/min, the decorating liquid are the mixed liquor of chlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Volume ratio be 16~21, the cumulative volume of chlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1~1.5 with the volume ratio of light-absorption layer precursor liquid;Spin coating
After the completion of, 1~3min is toasted at 40~60 DEG C, then toasts 10min at 100 DEG C, you can obtain high coverage, big crystal grain,
Extinction layer film with mirror effect.
Further, mesoporous layer can be also prepared in step 1 on hole blocking layer;Mesoporous layer material is TiO2、ZnO、
SiTiO3、ZrO2、Zn2SnO4Deng.
More specifically, a kind of method for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer, comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Titanium dioxide hole blocking layer and mesoporous titanium dioxide layer are prepared on FTO glass;
Step 2:In the FTO glass surfaces with titanium dioxide hole blocking layer and mesoporous titanium dioxide layer that step 1 obtains
100 μ L 1mM CH is added dropwise3NH3PbI3Precursor liquid, 1~2min is stood, with 3000r/min 5~7s of rotating speed spin coating;Then drip
Add 100 μ L decorating liquids, the decorating liquid is the mixed liquor of chlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the volume ratio of chlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is
19:1;After the completion of spin coating, 1~3min is toasted at 40~60 DEG C, then 10min is toasted at 100 DEG C, you can obtain high covering
Degree, big crystal grain, the extinction layer film with mirror effect.
Further, titanium dioxide hole blocking layer described in step 1 is prepared using spin-coating method, and spin coating liquid is:0.15M bis-
(levulinic ketone group) butanol solution of metatitanic acid diisopropyl ester, the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution etc..
Further, CH described in step 23NH3PbI3Precursor liquid is CH3NH3I(>99%, by four purifying) and PbI2
(99%) 1mL DMFs (DMF) are dissolved in equimolar ratio, are made into 1mM CH3NH3PbI3Precursor liquid.
Further, the chlorobenzene described in step 2 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) purity are 99.8%.
Embodiment 1
Be hole blocking layer using FTO as substrate, titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide be mesoporous layer, CH3NH3PbI3For light-absorption layer,
Spiro-OMeTAD is hole transmission layer, gold is preparation method to the perovskite solar cell of electrode:
Step 1:FTO glass is cut into 2cm × 2cm size, successively using deionized water, acetone and washes of absolute alcohol
Surface, nitrogen drying are stand-by;
Step 2:103mg bis- (levulinic ketone group) metatitanic acid diisopropyl ester is added in 1000mg n-butyl alcohols, stirs 30min,
Make it well mixed, obtain mixed liquor A;
Step 3:FTO glass surface spin coating mixed liquor As after step 1 cleaning, are toasted at 125 DEG C, then at 500 DEG C
Lower annealing 30min, obtains titanium dioxide hole blocking layer;
Step 4:200mg titania slurries are added in 700mg absolute ethyl alcohols, stir 30min, make it well mixed,
Obtain mixed liquid B;
Step 5:In the FTO glass surface spin coating mixed liquid Bs with titanium dioxide hole blocking layer that step 3 obtains, 125
Toasted at DEG C, and the 30min that annealed at 500 DEG C, obtain mesoporous titanium dioxide layer;
Step 6:By 461mg PbI2With 159mg CH3NH3I is dissolved in 1mL DMF, at the uniform velocity stirs 12h, obtains 1mM's
CH3NH3PbI3Precursor liquid;
Step 7:In the FTO glass surfaces with titanium dioxide hole blocking layer and mesoporous titanium dioxide layer that step 5 obtains
The CH that 100 μ L steps 6 prepare obtained 1mM is added dropwise3NH3PbI3Precursor liquid, after standing 2min, with 3000r/min rotating speed spin coating
6s, treat that light-absorption layer precursor liquid solvent DMF is evaporated completely, 100 μ L decorating liquids are then added dropwise, continue spin coating, the decorating liquid is chlorobenzene
With the mixed liquor of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the volume ratio of chlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 19:1;After the completion of spin coating, toasted at 60 DEG C
3min is to dry solvent, then toasts 10min at 100 DEG C, you can obtains high coverage, big crystal grain, the extinction with mirror effect
Layer film;
Step 8:Spiro-OMeTAD hole transports are prepared using spin-coating method in the light-absorption layer film surface that step 7 obtains
Layer;Spin coating solution is that 72.3mg Spiro-OMeTAD, 28.8 μ L 4- tert .-butylpyridines and 17.5 μ L bis trifluoromethyls sulphonyl are sub-
Acetonitrile solution (the 520mgml of amine-1) add and prepare what is obtained in 1mL chlorobenzenes;The Spiro-OMeTAD purity is more than 99%,
4- tert .-butylpyridine purity>99%, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide purity 99%, chlorobenzene and acetonitrile purity 99.8%;
Step 9:The thick gold of 80nm is deposited in the hole transport layer surface that step 8 obtains, as to electrode.
Comparative example 1
Be hole blocking layer using FTO as substrate, titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide be mesoporous layer, CH3NH3PbI3For light-absorption layer,
Spiro-OMeTAD is hole transmission layer, gold is preparation method to the perovskite solar cell of electrode:
Step 1:FTO glass is cut into 2cm × 2cm size, successively using deionized water, acetone and washes of absolute alcohol
Surface, nitrogen drying are stand-by;
Step 2:103mg bis- (levulinic ketone group) metatitanic acid diisopropyl ester is added in 1000mg n-butyl alcohols, stirs 30min,
Make it well mixed, obtain mixed liquor A;
Step 3:FTO glass surface spin coating mixed liquor As after step 1 cleaning, are toasted at 125 DEG C, then at 500 DEG C
Lower annealing 30min, obtains titanium dioxide hole blocking layer;
Step 4:200mg titania slurries are added in 700mg absolute ethyl alcohols, stir 30min, make it well mixed,
Obtain mixed liquid B;
Step 5:In the FTO glass surface spin coating mixed liquid Bs with titanium dioxide hole blocking layer that step 3 obtains, 125
Toasted at DEG C, and the 30min that annealed at 500 DEG C, obtain mesoporous titanium dioxide layer;
Step 6:By 461mg PbI2With 159mg CH3NH3I is dissolved in 1mL DMF, at the uniform velocity stirs 12h, obtains 1mM's
CH3NH3PbI3Precursor liquid;
Step 7:In the FTO glass surfaces with titanium dioxide hole blocking layer and mesoporous titanium dioxide layer that step 5 obtains
The CH that 100 μ L steps 6 prepare obtained 1mM is added dropwise3NH3PbI3Precursor liquid, after standing 2min, revolved with 3000r/min rotating speed
Apply;After the completion of spin coating, 3min is toasted at 60 DEG C to dry solvent, then 10min is toasted at 100 DEG C, obtains extinction layer film;
Step 8:Spiro-OMeTAD hole transports are prepared using spin-coating method in the light-absorption layer film surface that step 7 obtains
Layer;Spin coating solution is that 72.3mg Spiro-OMeTAD, 28.8 μ L 4- tert .-butylpyridines and 17.5 μ L bis trifluoromethyls sulphonyl are sub-
Acetonitrile solution (the 520mgml of amine-1) add and prepare what is obtained in 1mL chlorobenzenes;The Spiro-OMeTAD purity is more than 99%,
4- tert .-butylpyridine purity>99%, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide purity 99%, chlorobenzene and acetonitrile purity 99.8%;
Step 9:The thick gold of 80nm is deposited in the hole transport layer surface that step 8 obtains, as to electrode.
Fig. 3 is the IV curve comparison figures for the perovskite solar cell that embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 obtain;It will implement respectively
The light-absorption layer for the perovskite solar cell that the light-absorption layer and comparative example 1 for the perovskite solar cell that example 1 obtains obtain, in AM
1.5G,100mW/cm2Xenon lamp irradiation it is lower IV tests are carried out using three-electrode method, wherein scanning voltage be 0~1.2V, and scanning is fast
Spend for 10mV/s.From the figure 3, it may be seen that under same scan speed, the perovskite solar cell of embodiment 1 is compared to comparative example 1
The electric current and fill factor, curve factor of perovskite solar cell substantially increase, and show the perovskite solar cell tool that embodiment 1 obtains
There is better performance.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is distinguished as with embodiment 1:Decorating liquid described in step 7 is the mixed of chlorobenzene and N,N-dimethylformamide
Liquid is closed, the volume ratio of the chlorobenzene and DMF is 19:1.Remaining step is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is distinguished as with comparative example 1:The process of step 7 is:Hindered in the band titanium dioxide hole that step 5 obtains
The CH that 100 μ L steps 6 prepare obtained 1mM is added dropwise in the FTO glass surfaces of barrier and mesoporous titanium dioxide layer3NH3PbI3Forerunner
Liquid, after standing 2min, with 3000r/min rotating speed spin coating 6s, treat that light-absorption layer precursor liquid solvent DMF is evaporated completely, be then added dropwise 100
μ L decorating liquids, continue spin coating, after the completion of spin coating, 3min toasted at 60 DEG C to dry solvent, then 10min is toasted at 100 DEG C,
Obtain extinction layer film.Remaining step is identical with comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is the IV curve comparison figures for the perovskite solar cell that embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 obtain;It will implement respectively
The light-absorption layer for the perovskite solar cell that the light-absorption layer and comparative example 2 for the perovskite solar cell that example 2 obtains obtain, in AM
1.5G,100mW/cm2Xenon lamp irradiation it is lower IV tests are carried out using three-electrode method, wherein scanning voltage be 0~1.2V, and scanning is fast
Spend for 10mV/s.As shown in Figure 4, under same scan speed, the perovskite solar cell of embodiment 2 is compared to comparative example 2
The electric current of perovskite solar cell substantially increases, and shows that the perovskite solar cell that embodiment 2 obtains has more preferable property
Energy.
Fig. 1 is the basic structure schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell of embodiment;Fig. 2 is the modification perovskite of embodiment
The key operation step schematic diagram of solar cell light-absorption layer.Perovskite solar cell of the present invention is only on perovskite light-absorption layer
Modified, the defects of effectively overcoming the endless all standing of one-step method pin hole, light-absorption layer, obtained high coverage, big crystal grain, band
The extinction layer film of mirror effect, the fill factor, curve factor and electric current for making solar cell substantially increase, and improve solar cell
Performance.
The present invention is modified perovskite light-absorption layer on the basis of conventional method, i.e., first allows calcium titanium ore bed film forming, so
It is redissolved afterwards using decorating liquid, recrystallization, had both increased light-absorption layer crystal grain, is made original less particle growth and join together,
Extinction layer porosity is effectively reduced again, while avoids the generation of leakage current, so as to effectively increase perovskite solar-electricity
The performance in pond, foundation is provided to prepare broad area device.The inventive method is simple to operate, and cost is low, easily realizes that industrialization is big
Large-scale production.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for modifying perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer, comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Hole blocking layer is prepared on substrate;
Step 2:Light-absorption layer precursor liquid is added dropwise in the substrate surface with hole blocking layer that step 1 obtains, starts spin coating, treats extinction
After the solvent of layer precursor liquid is evaporated completely, decorating liquid is added dropwise, continues spin coating;The decorating liquid is the organic of dissolvable extinction layer material
The mixed liquor of the organic solvent of solvent and indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material, indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material is organic molten in the decorating liquid
The volume ratio of the organic solvent of agent and dissolvable extinction layer material is:16~21, cumulative volume and the light-absorption layer precursor liquid of decorating liquid
Volume ratio be 1~1.5;After the completion of spin coating, drying, you can obtain extinction layer film.
2. the method for modification perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2 institute
The organic solvent for stating dissolvable extinction layer material is N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), gamma-butyrolacton, N, N- diformazans
Yl acetamide;The organic solvent of the indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material is chlorobenzene, dichloro-benzenes, dichloromethane, toluene.
3. the method for modification perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1 institute
Substrate is stated as FTO glass, ito glass, flexible ITO, PEN;The hole barrier layer material is TiO2、ZnO、Zn2SnO4。
4. the method for modification perovskite solar cell light-absorption layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1
Mesoporous layer can be also prepared on hole blocking layer;Mesoporous layer material is TiO2、ZnO、SiTiO3、ZrO2、Zn2SnO4。
5. a kind of preparation method of perovskite solar cell, comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Hole blocking layer is prepared on substrate;
Step 2:Light-absorption layer precursor liquid is added dropwise in the substrate surface with hole blocking layer that step 1 obtains, starts spin coating, treats extinction
After the solvent of layer precursor liquid is evaporated completely, decorating liquid is added dropwise, continues spin coating;The decorating liquid is the organic of dissolvable extinction layer material
The mixed liquor of the organic solvent of solvent and indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material, indissoluble solution light-absorption layer material is organic molten in the decorating liquid
The volume ratio of the organic solvent of agent and dissolvable extinction layer material is:16~21, cumulative volume and the light-absorption layer precursor liquid of decorating liquid
Volume ratio be 1~1.5;After the completion of spin coating, drying, you can obtain extinction layer film;
Step 3:Hole transmission layer is sequentially prepared on the light-absorption layer that step 2 obtains and to electrode.
6. the preparation method of perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, it is characterised in that hole described in step 3
Transmission layer material is 2,2', the fluorenes of 7,7'- tetra- [N, N- bis- (4- methoxyphenyls) amino] -9,9'- spiral shells two, PTAA, CuI,
CuSCN、NiO、CuInS2;Described is gold, silver, carbon to electrode.
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CN104617219A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Planar perovskite solar cell based on CH3NH3PbI<2+x>Cl<1-x> optical active layer and preparation method thereof |
CN104934304A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-23 | 苏州大学 | Method for obtaining black cubic crystal system perovskite film through inductive regulation and control of mixed solvent at normal temperature |
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CN104617219A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Planar perovskite solar cell based on CH3NH3PbI<2+x>Cl<1-x> optical active layer and preparation method thereof |
CN104934304A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-23 | 苏州大学 | Method for obtaining black cubic crystal system perovskite film through inductive regulation and control of mixed solvent at normal temperature |
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"A Fast Deposition-Crystallization Procedure for Highly Efficient Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin-Film Solar Cells";Manda Xiao et al.;《Angewandte Zuschriften》;20140722;第126卷;第10057页第1栏第9行-第10058页第2栏第20行、附图1-3(a) * |
"Room-temperature mixed-solvent-vapor annealing for high performance perovskite solar";Hao Yu et al.;《Journal of Materials Chemistry A》;20151118;第4卷;第325页第1栏第28行-第2栏第40行 * |
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