CN105522353A - Method for machining high-accuracy and thin-wall parts through common numerical control milling machine equipment - Google Patents

Method for machining high-accuracy and thin-wall parts through common numerical control milling machine equipment Download PDF

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CN105522353A
CN105522353A CN201610101516.4A CN201610101516A CN105522353A CN 105522353 A CN105522353 A CN 105522353A CN 201610101516 A CN201610101516 A CN 201610101516A CN 105522353 A CN105522353 A CN 105522353A
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thin
machining
walled parts
milling machine
wall parts
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CN105522353B (en
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刘涛
孙婙
陈贞奇
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Xi'an North Electro-Optic Technology Defense Co Ltd
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Xi'an North Electro-Optic Technology Defense Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C3/00Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for machining high-accuracy and thin-wall parts through common numerical control milling machine equipment. The method comprises the steps of 1, carrying out rough machining on the thin-wall parts in a milling mode and preserving the machining allowance of 0.5 mm for each surface; 2, removing machining stress through heat treatment, heating the thin-wall parts subjected to rough machining and then air-cooling the thin-wall parts to the indoor temperature, wherein the heating temperature is 140+/-10 DEG C and is preserved for 5-7 hours; 3, carrying out finish machining on datum planes and machining the datum planes of the thin-wall parts subjected to heat treatment in a milling and grinding mode, wherein the flatness of the datum planes making contact with clamps is 0.002 mm, the perpendicularity of the datum planes in locating holes is 0.01 mm, and the size Phi of the datum planes in locating holes is 88+0.03+0.02; 4, carrying out finish machining on the thin-wall parts with the datum planes subjected to finish machining on the common numerical control milling machine equipment, wherein the inferior high-speed cutting mode is adopted for carrying out finish machining on the thin-wall parts in the numerical control machining process; 5, carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the thin-wall parts subjected to finish machining. According to the invention, machining errors are reduced, the machining precision is guaranteed, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

A kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture field of part, particularly a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts.
Background technology
Along with weaponry is to the development of lightweight, intelligent direction, product adopts thin-walled workpiece in a large number, and this kind of part mostly has the features such as complex structure, shape are special, thin-walled (wall thickness is less than or equal to 3mm), poor rigidity, required precision high (perpendicularity 0.005mm, axiality Φ 0.005mm).Adopt traditional processing mode, the cutting force of generation is comparatively large, and machining stress makes thin-walled high-precision part produce larger distortion, and the product causing final production to go out is difficult to reach designing requirement.The cutting deformation of current solution thin-walled high-precision part in the method for mismachining tolerance, utilizes high-speed machining method to be important means with reducing.But the indispensable hardware of high-speed cutting is more, high-speed cutting machine structurally must have the necessary requirement such as tooling system and special procedure of higher hardware configuration, adaptation compared with traditional numeric-control machine.How to solve thin-walled high-precision part cutting deformation, reduce mismachining tolerance, especially solve based on thin-walled high-precision part cutting deformation, minimizing mismachining tolerance on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus.By the quantitative analysis to General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus processing thin-walled high-precision part stress deformation amount, use for reference high-speed machining method principle, therefrom find out and process the effective processing method of such part on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus, for the processing of this type of part from now on provides important method reference and foundation.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts.The party is by using General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus and common process cutter, quote the theory of high-speed machining method, adopt higher cutting speed, carry out the sub-high-speed machining method of layering processing compared with large inflow, the less depth of cut, to reduce the generation of cutting force, heat in metal cutting and cutting vibration, thus solve thin-walled high-precision part cutting deformation, reduce the generation of mismachining tolerance, ensure the machining accuracy of part and enhance productivity.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
The roughing of step 1) thin-walled parts, adopt milling mode roughing thin-walled parts, allowance 0.5mm is stayed in each face;
Step 2) heat treatment goes machining stress, heated by the thin-walled parts after step 1) roughing, and heating-up temperature is 140 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 5 ~ 7h, and air cooling is to room temperature;
Step 3) fine finishining datum level, by step 2) thin-walled parts after heat treatment adopts milling and lapping mode processing datum, ensure the datum level flatness 0.002mm with holder contacts, the perpendicularity 0.01mm in internal hole reference face, location and size Φ 88+0.03+0.02;
Step 4) carries out fine finishining to the thin-walled parts after step 3) fine finishining datum level on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus, ensures that the precision of thin-walled parts is to IT6 ~ IT7 level; Sub-high-speed machining method is adopted to carry out fine finishining to thin-walled parts during digital control processing.
Step 5) carries out vacuum heat to the thin-walled parts after step 4) fine finishining.
In the roughing stage of described step 1), select high-speed steel milling cutter, diameter Ф 40mm, cutting speed is respectively 25m/min ~ 35m/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, cutting depth 1mm ~ 3mm.
In the described step 3) fine finishining datum level stage, select carbide end mill diameter of phi 14mm, cutting speed 600mm/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, depth of cut 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm.
In described step 4) finishing stage, adopt sub-high-speed machining method to be: select yg-type carbide cutter ISOK10 ~ K20 diameter to be Ф 12mm, Ф 8mm, the rotating speed adding man-hour is 2500r/min ~ 6000r/min, the amount of feeding is 1000mm/min ~ 3000mm/min, cutting depth 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm, cutter spindle, to cutting-in≤3mm, repeats to call above-mentioned parameter and carries out layering processing during numerical control;
Described step 5) vacuum heat comprises three phases: the first stage is: be warmed up to 450 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 2h, and annealing recrystallization heat treatment, improves cutting ability; Second stage is: be warmed up to 300 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 1h, Ageing Treatment, eliminates machining stress; Phase III is: cool to-50 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 1h, is warmed up to 90 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 2h, eliminates machining stress and stablizes processing dimension.
Described step 2) heat treatment destressing is artificial aging.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows the processing method that thin-walled high-precision part is processed on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus.By roughing, artificial aging, fine finishining and adopt sub-high-speed machining method and vacuum heat step to solve a difficult problem for thin-walled high-precision part machining deformation, adopt the method success working axiality Φ 0.005mm, thin-walled high-precision part that depth of parallelism 0.015mm, perpendicularity 0.005mm, wall thickness are 3mm, meet the processing request of such high-precision part.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is by sub-high-speed machining method, breach legacy equipment and use idea, equipment use rotating speed generally improves more than 40%, and equipment effect is greatly improved, and effectively reduces cutting force, reduces part deformation, tool wear is few, long service life, stock-removing efficiency improve greatly; Chip-load is achieved constant by layering processing; Applied widely, without the need to expensive high speed processing equipment and high-speed cutter system.The lathe that sub-High-speed machining uses is general Digit Control Machine Tool, and the rotating speed adding man-hour is 2500r/min ~ 6000r/min, and the amount of feeding is 1000mm/min ~ 3000mm/min, and most of numerical control device can reach.
2, present invention reduces heat in metal cutting, cutting force and part deformation amount.Sub-high-speed cutting adds man-hour, and because cutting speed is higher, chip is discharged with very high speed, has taken away the heat in metal cutting of more than 80%, and the heat passing to workpiece is little, decreases internal stress and the thermal deformation of workpiece, improves machining accuracy.Have employed vacuum heat eliminate machining stress and stablize processing dimension simultaneously, make to process rear element precision and do not change.
3, enhance productivity, crudy.Sub-high-speed cutting processing uses larger feed rate, and improve 3 ~ 5 times than conventional machining, unit interval material-removal rate can improve 2 ~ 4 times.When processing the part needing a large amount of excision metal, can make reduce process time, when reducing skiver, productivity ratio improves greatly.
4, processing process is simplified.Due to part add man-hour distortion less, decrease the processing steps such as smoothing, design specialized frock, special pressing plate, decrease down the auxiliary clamping times such as pressing plate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but not as limiting the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that the master of thin-walled parts of the present invention employing cast aluminium alloy thin-walled FRAME COMPONENTS looks;
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of parts fixation;
Fig. 4 is A direction view and location schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the cutter path of processing plane;
Fig. 6 is the cutter path of machining hole.
In figure, 1, cast aluminium alloy thin-walled FRAME COMPONENTS; 2, datum level D; 3, thrust; 4, datum level A; 5, circular arc feed point; 6, first milling semicircle track; 7, the other semicircle track of milling; 8, circular arc withdrawing point; 9, center of circular hole; 10, plane withdrawing point; 11, plane feed point.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Utilize General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out a processing method for high accuracy thin-walled parts, comprise the steps:
The roughing of step 1) thin-walled parts, adopt milling mode roughing thin-walled parts, allowance 0.5mm is stayed in each face;
Step 2) heat treatment goes machining stress, heated by the thin-walled parts after step 1) roughing, and heating-up temperature is 140 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 5 ~ 7h, and air cooling is to room temperature;
Step 3) fine finishining datum level, by step 2) thin-walled parts after heat treatment adopts milling and lapping mode processing datum, ensure the datum level flatness 0.002mm with holder contacts, the perpendicularity 0.01mm in internal hole reference face, location and size Φ 88+0.03+0.02;
Step 4) carries out fine finishining to the thin-walled parts after step 3) fine finishining datum level on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus, ensures that the precision of thin-walled parts is to IT6 ~ IT7 level; Sub-high-speed machining method is adopted to carry out fine finishining to thin-walled parts during digital control processing;
Step 5) carries out vacuum heat to the thin-walled parts after step 4) fine finishining.
Sub-high-speed processing method of the present invention is by using common numerical control device, common process cutter, adopt higher cutting speed, carry out layering processing compared with large inflow, the less depth of cut, to reduce the generation of cutting force, heat in metal cutting and cutting vibration, the vibrations that in such elimination part working angles, cutter causes, improve machining accuracy, avoid the resonance zone of part and lathe, the part deformation that vibrations when avoiding cutting cause.Thus solve thin-walled, plate parts distortion, ensure machining accuracy and the method for enhancing productivity.
Embodiment 2
Utilize General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out a processing method for high accuracy thin-walled parts, comprise the steps:
The roughing of step 1) thin-walled parts, adopt milling mode roughing thin-walled parts, allowance 0.5mm is stayed in each face;
During roughing, select high-speed steel milling cutter, diameter Ф 40mm, cutting speed is respectively 25m/min ~ 35m/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, cutting depth 1mm ~ 3mm.
Step 2) heat treatment goes machining stress, heated by the thin-walled parts after step 1) roughing, and heating-up temperature is 140 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 5 ~ 7h, and air cooling is to room temperature; This heat treatment destressing is artificial aging.
Step 3) fine finishining datum level, by step 2) thin-walled parts after heat treatment adopts milling and lapping mode processing datum, ensure the datum level flatness 0.002mm with holder contacts, the perpendicularity 0.01mm in internal hole reference face, location and size Φ 88+0.03+0.02; During fine finishining datum level, select carbide end mill diameter of phi 14mm, cutting speed 600mm/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, depth of cut 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm.
Step 4) carries out fine finishining to the thin-walled parts after step 3) fine finishining datum level on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus, ensures that the precision of thin-walled parts is to IT6 ~ IT7 level; Sub-high-speed machining method is adopted to carry out fine finishining to thin-walled parts during digital control processing;
Adopt sub-high-speed machining method to be: select yg-type carbide cutter ISOK10 ~ K20 diameter to be Ф 12mm, Ф 8mm, the rotating speed adding man-hour is 2500r/min ~ 6000r/min, the amount of feeding is 1000mm/min ~ 3000mm/min, cutting depth 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm, cutter spindle, to cutting-in≤3mm, repeats to call above-mentioned parameter and carries out layering processing during numerical control.
Step 5) carries out vacuum heat to the thin-walled parts after step 4) fine finishining.
Described vacuum heat comprises three phases: the first stage is: be warmed up to 450 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 2h, and annealing recrystallization heat treatment, improves cutting ability; Second stage is: be warmed up to 300 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 1h, Ageing Treatment, eliminates machining stress; Phase III is: cool to-50 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 1h, is warmed up to 90 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 2h, eliminates machining stress and stablizes processing dimension.
Embodiment 3
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, thin-walled parts adopts cast aluminium alloy thin-walled FRAME COMPONENTS 1;
In the step 1) roughing stage: part is spray, material is ZL104A.First, roughing is rule, and checks the allowance of blank, and marks part processing roughing standard line; Secondly, adopt milling mode roughing part, allowance 0.5mm is stayed in each face.Because the allowance of now part is comparatively large, the machined parameters of employing is diameter Ф 40mm high speed steel pole milling cutter, cutting speed 25m/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, depth of cut 1mm ~ 3mm.
Step 2) heat treatment goes machining stress, heated by the thin-walled parts after step 1) roughing, and heating-up temperature is 140 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 5 ~ 7h, and air cooling is to room temperature;
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, step 3) fine finishining datum level, adopts milling and lapping mode processing datum A4, datum level D2, ensures the flatness 0.002mm of datum level D, the perpendicularity 0.01mm of datum level A and size Φ 88+0.03+0.02.First, the datum level of half finish-milling and holder contacts, stays allowance 0.05mm, ensures flatness 0.03mm; Half finish-milling datum level A, ensures size Φ 87.8+0.050, with the perpendicularity 0.05mm in D face; Then, grinding datum level D, ensures flatness 0.002mm; Finish-milling datum level A, ensures size Φ 88+0.03+0.02, with the perpendicularity 0.01mm in D face.Cutter adopts carbide alloy face cutter, diameter Ф 14mm, cutting speed 600mm/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, depth of cut 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm.
Hole in four planes of step 4) precision-machined parts and plane, adopt the hole in digital control processing mode high-precision four planes of fine finishining thin-walled and plane, ensure the required precision of the hole 2-Ф 9+0.0150 of part and 2-Ф 14-0.07-0.10 and axiality Ф 0.005mm, depth of parallelism 0.015mm, perpendicularity 0.01mm, perpendicularity 0.005mm.Adopt sub-high-speed machining method during digital control processing on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus, be Ф 12mm, Ф 8mm with TG series hard alloy cutter (ISOK10 ~ K20) diameter, the rotating speed adding man-hour is 2500r/min ~ 6000r/min, the amount of feeding is 1000mm/min ~ 3000mm/min, cutting depth 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm, cutter spindle, to cutting-in≤3mm, repeats to call above-mentioned parameter and carries out layering processing during numerical control.
During four planes of precision-machined parts, as shown in Figure 5, carry out layering processing from the feed of plane feed point 11 by the track of arrow figure, finally from plane withdrawing point 10 withdrawing.
During hole in precision-machined parts plane, as shown in Figure 6, centered by center of circular hole 9, from the feed of circular arc feed point 5, process by the track of arrow in figure, first milling semicircle track 6, then the other semicircle track 7 of milling carries out layering processing, finally from circular arc withdrawing point 8 withdrawing.
Because this part is casting aluminium material, be again finishing step, in order to reduce deflection as far as possible, the depth of cut selected is very little, only has 0.1mm during processing plane, only has 0.05mm(monolateral during processing circular hole).Adopt this processing method, because what material was removed lacks, cutting stress is also little accordingly, the distortion that Stress Release produces is also little accordingly, and due to processing in cutting force little, required thrust 3 also can be put into minimum, compresses distortion and also can control to minimum, thus decrease the machining deformation of part and ensure that machining accuracy.
The present invention is not only applicable to casting aluminium material, also be applicable to steel part and titanium alloy material, processing TC4 trade mark titanium alloy material workpiece, with PCBN or CBN class polycrystalline CBN cutting tool, selection diameter is Ф 16mm, Ф 12mm, and the rotating speed adding man-hour is 5500r/min ~ 8000r/min, and the amount of feeding is 800mm/min ~ 1500mm/min, cutting depth 0.1mm ~ 0.15mm, cutter spindle is to cutting-in≤1.5mm.
The contrast of traditional diamond-making technique and sub-high-speed processing method:
Traditional diamond-making technique generally normal employing major diameter cutter, lower cutting speed, the less amount of feeding, the comparatively full depth degree of depth carrys out processing parts.Because the depth of cut is large, Milling Force is large, and workpiece deformation is also large.Add thin-walled, plate type part self structure poor rigidity, non-deformability are poor, therefore very easily produce distortion.
Sub-high-speed processing method adopts small diameter cutter, higher cutting speed, the small depth of cut, comparatively large inflow, carries out layering processing, small penetration of a cutting tool is dark, and Milling Force is little, thus solution thin-walled, sheet parts are out of shape a larger difficult problem, because the amount of feeding is large, production efficiency also significantly improves.Table 1 is High-speed machining, sub-High-speed machining, conventional machining three kinds of processing methods generally conventional cutting parameter contrast table, and table 2 is usual hardware requirement contrast table.
Table 1 three kinds of processing methods are conventional cutting parameter contrast table generally
Table 2 three kinds of processing method usual hardware require contrast table
The present invention is compared with conventional art, and the three phases adding vacuum heat can ensure to eliminate distortion simultaneously, can stablize processing dimension, make size and form and position tolerance reach requirement.Vacuum heat three phases effect is as shown in table 3 below.
The three phases effect of table 3 vacuum heat
Machining stress as shown in Table 3 after known one-phase vacuum heat elimination roughing, improve cutting ability, in the process of vacuum drying oven interior heat, the elements such as O, N, H, C are avoided in air to invade in aluminium alloy, form clearance-type solid solution, make lattice surface serious distortion, plasticity reduces, and surface forms the high hard formation of hardness.Two-stage vacuum heat, the processes obtained and stable processing dimension and eliminate machining stress further.The serviceability that three stage vacuum heat treatments are stablized Thin-wall Aluminum Parts processing dimension and obtained.
The structure that the present embodiment does not describe in detail or processing step belong to well-known components or the conventional means of the industry, do not describe one by one here.

Claims (6)

1. utilize General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out a processing method for high accuracy thin-walled parts, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
The roughing of step 1) thin-walled parts, adopt milling mode roughing thin-walled parts, allowance 0.5mm is stayed in each face;
Step 2) heat treatment goes machining stress, heated by the thin-walled parts after step 1) roughing, and heating-up temperature is 140 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 5 ~ 7h, and air cooling is to room temperature;
Step 3) fine finishining datum level, by step 2) thin-walled parts after heat treatment adopts milling and lapping mode processing datum, ensure the datum level flatness 0.002mm with holder contacts, the perpendicularity 0.01mm in internal hole reference face, location and size Φ 88+0.03+0.02;
Step 4) carries out fine finishining to the thin-walled parts after step 3) fine finishining datum level on General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus, ensures that the precision of thin-walled parts is to IT6 ~ IT7 level; Sub-high-speed machining method is adopted to carry out fine finishining to thin-walled parts during digital control processing;
Step 5) carries out vacuum heat to the thin-walled parts after step 4) fine finishining.
2. a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the roughing stage of described step 1), select high-speed steel milling cutter, diameter Ф 40mm, cutting speed is respectively 25m/min ~ 35m/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, cutting depth 1mm ~ 3mm.
3. a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described step 3) fine finishining datum level stage, select carbide end mill diameter of phi 14mm, cutting speed 600mm/min, amount of feeding 0.25mm/r, depth of cut 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm.
4. a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 4) finishing stage, adopt sub-high-speed machining method to be: select yg-type carbide cutter ISOK10 ~ K20 diameter to be Ф 12mm, Ф 8mm, the rotating speed adding man-hour is 2500r/min ~ 6000r/min, the amount of feeding is 1000mm/min ~ 3000mm/min, cutting depth 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm, cutter spindle, to cutting-in≤3mm, repeats to call above-mentioned parameter and carries out layering processing during numerical control.
5. a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 5) vacuum heat comprises three phases: the first stage is: be warmed up to 450 ° of C, temperature retention time is 2h, annealing recrystallization heat treatment, improves cutting ability; Second stage is: be warmed up to 300 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 1h, Ageing Treatment, eliminates machining stress; Phase III is: cool to-50 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 1h, is warmed up to 90 ° of C, and temperature retention time is 2h, eliminates machining stress and stablizes processing dimension.
6. a kind of processing method utilizing General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus to carry out high accuracy thin-walled parts according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) heat treatment destressing is artificial aging.
CN201610101516.4A 2016-02-25 2016-02-25 A kind of processing method that high-precision thin-walled parts are carried out using General NC Milling Machine bed apparatus Active CN105522353B (en)

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