CN105518315A - 接头及航空机结构 - Google Patents

接头及航空机结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105518315A
CN105518315A CN201480048925.1A CN201480048925A CN105518315A CN 105518315 A CN105518315 A CN 105518315A CN 201480048925 A CN201480048925 A CN 201480048925A CN 105518315 A CN105518315 A CN 105518315A
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joint
mother metal
rake
face
involved
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CN105518315B (zh
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阿部俊夫
高木清嘉
小山贵之
岸本和昭
斋藤浩一
石田隆司
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00—Wings
    • B64C3/26—Construction, shape, or attachment of separate skins, e.g. panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5085—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and comprising grooves, e.g. being E-shaped, H-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12443—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue having the tongue substantially in the middle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12463—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
    • B29C66/12464—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4344—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43441—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00—Wings
    • B64C3/18—Spars; Ribs; Stringers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
    • B64C1/12—Construction or attachment of skin panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
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    • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

接头(20)用于将板材(26)接合到母材(22)上，倾斜部(28)形成于接头(20)与母材(22)的粘合面(25)上，所述倾斜部(28)倾斜于和对板材(26)施加拉伸负荷的方向垂直相交的面。此外，母材(22)根据倾斜部(28)的形状形成凹陷部(38)，以便埋入接头(20)的倾斜部(28)。继而，接头(20)被埋入母材(22)中，并通过粘合的方式接合。因此，接头(20)和母材(22)的粘合面强度更强。

Description

接头及航空机结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种接头及航空机结构。
背景技术
在航空机领域，例如碳纤维增强塑料(Carbon-Fiber-ReinforcedPlastic：CFRP)等复合材料的应用范围扩大到主要结构。并且，为了能够利用复合材料重量较轻这一优势，实现结构的轻量化，优选接头不采用紧固件。
***接头中的构件通过粘合剂粘合，接头和母材也通过粘合剂粘合。借此，构件接合到母材上。
继而，在结构的组装中，必须对接合到母材的板材进行高精度地定位。也就是说，接头预先设置到母材上时，需要针对接头，对板材进行高精度地定位。
在专利文献1中公开了如下内容：在板材侧面设置定位用销(突起物)，在接头侧面设置供该销嵌合的切口，***板材，使板材的销嵌入接头的切口中，从而进行定位。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：美国专利第8403586号说明书
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
根据专利文献1所公开的结构，可以进行定位，但接头和母材的粘合面必须具有足够的强度，以抵抗沿相对于母材中接合接头的面而拉伸构件的方向作用的负荷(面外方向负荷)。
以往，构件和母材的粘合面平坦。但是，如果粘合面平坦，则有可能不具有足够的强度以抵抗面外方向负荷。
本发明是鉴于上述情况开发而成，其目的在于提供一种可以更加加强接头和母材的粘合面强度的接头及航空机结构。
技术方案
为了解决上述课题，本发明的接头及航空机结构采用以下方法。
本发明第一形态所涉及的接头是用于将构件接合到母材上的接头，倾斜部形成于所述接头与所述母材的粘合面上，所述倾斜部倾斜于和对所述构件施加拉伸负荷的方向垂直相交的面，所述倾斜部被埋入所述母材中，和所述母材粘合。
本结构所涉及的接头是用于将构件接合到母材上者。此外，本结构所涉及的接头在其与母材的粘合面上形成有倾斜部。倾斜部倾斜于和对构件施加拉伸负荷的方向垂直相交的面。换言之，倾斜部朝向母材倾斜。另一方面，在母材中与接头的粘合面上，根据倾斜部的形状形成凹陷部，以便埋入接头的倾斜部。借此，接头的倾斜部被埋入母材中，和母材粘合。
这里，作为粘合强度，包括构件拉伸方向(面外方向)上的强度即面外方向强度。即，面外方向强度是抵抗施加于构件的拉伸负荷(面外方向负荷)的强度。此外，粘合强度除面外方向强度外，还被分为粘合面剪切方向(面内方向)的强度，即面内方向强度。
并且，如果粘合面平坦，则面外方向强度和面内方向强度垂直相交。因此，抵抗面外方向负荷的理论粘合强度为面外方向强度。
另一方面，如本结构所述，在粘合面上形成有倾斜部时，面内方向强度具有面外方向的强度分量。因此，抵抗面外方向负荷的理论粘合强度为面外粘合强度加上面内粘合强度的正弦分量所得的强度。
即，粘合面上形成有倾斜部时，和粘合面平坦的情况相比，粘合强度变强。尤其是，和不形成倾斜部的情况相比，承受面外方向负荷时粘合面端部的峰值应力降低。
因此，本结构可以使接头和母材的粘合面强度更强。
在上述第一形态中，所述粘合面的相反面以相较于中央部，厚度逐渐变薄的方式朝向端部倾斜。
和粘合面的相反面不倾斜，也就是说接头的端部例如垂直于母材的情况相比，本结构中接头和母材的刚度差变小。另外，粘合面的相反面倾斜可能会导致接头端部的强度降低。但是，通过在粘合面上形成倾斜部，可以使承受面外方向负荷时接头端部的峰值应力降低，从而可以抑制接头端部破损。
在上述第一形态中，所述倾斜部由多个倾斜面形成。
根据本结构，可以使粘合面的粘合强度均等。
在上述第一形态中，所述倾斜部由相对于所述母材的角度各不相同的多个倾斜面形成。
根据本结构，可以根据预计施加给接头的负荷，使角度各不相同，从而调整粘合面的强度。
在上述第一形态中，所述倾斜部由一个倾斜面形成。
根据本结构，能够以简易结构使接头和母材的粘合面强度更强。
本发明第二形态所涉及的航空机结构具备上述所记载的接头以及母材，所述母材根据所述倾斜部的形状形成凹陷部，以便埋入所述接头的所述倾斜部；所述接头被埋入所述母材中，并通过粘合的方式接合。
有益效果
根据本发明，可以获得能够使接头和母材的粘合面强度更强的优异效果。
附图说明
图1是表示航空机主翼部分断裂的立体图。
图2是表示本发明实施方式所涉及的接头及母材形状的侧视图。
图3是本发明实施方式所涉及的接头和母材接合的侧视图。
图4是图3所示区域A的放大图。
图5是表示本发明实施方式所涉及的接头及母材形状的立体图。
图6是表示母材上未形成凹陷部的粘合层粘合强度的模式图。
图7是表示本发明实施方式所涉及的粘合层粘合强度的模式图。
图8是本发明实施方式所涉及的粘合层所产生的应力计算用数值分析模型的结构图。
图9是图8所示区域B的放大图。
图10是表示本发明实施方式所涉及的数值分析结果的曲线图。
图11是表示本发明第1改进例所涉及的接头及母材形状的侧视图。
图12是图11所示区域C的放大图。
图13是表示本发明第2改进例所涉及的接头及母材形状的侧视图。
图14是图13所示区域D的放大图。
图15是表示本发明第3改进例所涉及的接头及母材形状的侧视图。
图16是表示本发明第4改进例所涉及的接头及母材形状的侧视图。
图17是表示本发明第5改进例所涉及的接头及母材形状的侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图，对本发明所涉及的接头及航空机结构的一个实施方式进行说明。
图1是表示航空机主翼1部分断裂的立体图。
主翼1具备上侧蒙皮3、下侧蒙皮5、前梁7、后梁9以及多个翼肋11。
上侧蒙皮3及下侧蒙皮5构成主翼1的外形，是同时兼做空气动力面的薄板，前梁7、后梁9及纵梁(省略图示)一同承担作用于主翼1的拉伸负荷及一部分压缩负荷。
如图1所示，前梁7及后梁9为沿主翼1的翼长方向延伸的结构构件，是配置于上侧蒙皮3及下侧蒙皮5之间的构件。
在前梁7和后梁9之间，沿主翼1的翼长方向延伸的辅助构件即多个纵梁配置于上侧蒙皮3或下侧蒙皮5的内侧面。
如图1所示，翼肋11为沿主翼1的翼宽方向延伸，并配置于上侧蒙皮3及下侧蒙皮5之间的结构构件。换言之，翼肋11为沿与前梁7及后梁9大致垂直相交的方向延伸的结构构件，是形成为主翼1的剖面形状的板状构件。
这里，本实施方式所涉及的接头20(参照图2等)用于例如上侧蒙皮3和前梁7或后梁9的接合、下侧蒙皮5和前梁7或后梁9的接合、翼肋11和前梁7或后梁9的接合等。另外，接头20也可以用于航空机主翼1以外的结构中。
接着，对本实施方式所涉及的接头20的详细内容进行说明。
图2是表示本实施方式所涉及的接头20及母材22的形状的侧视图，图3是接头20和母材22接合的侧视图，图4是图3所示区域A的放大图，图5是表示接头20及母材22的形状的立体图。
本实施方式所涉及的接头20设置于母材22上，是形成有沟部24的所谓PAI(π)型接头。
接头20例如如上所述用于航空机的机身结构中，用于将构成一部分机身结构的构件(在本实施方式中，以板材26为例)***沟部24中。例如，前梁7或后梁9为母材22，翼肋11为板材26。
继而，在板材26和沟部24的间隙中填充粘合剂，借此，板材26粘合到接头20上。另一方面，接头20通过粘合剂粘合到母材22上。另外，母材22和接头20的粘合方法以及接头20和板材26的粘合方法并无特别限定。
如此，使用接头20进行粘合，无需使用紧固件，板材26便能接合到母材22上。
接头20、母材22及板材26的材质为例如碳纤维增强塑料(Carbon-Fiber-ReinforcedPlastic：CFRP)等复合材料。CFRP使用碳纤维作为增强材料，使用合成树脂作为基体。另外，并不限定于此，也可以使用铝合金等金属作为接头20、母材22及板材26的材质。
此外，本实施方式所涉及的接头20在其与母材22的粘合面25上形成倾斜部28。倾斜部28倾斜于和对板材26施加拉伸负荷的方向(垂直方向，图3的A方向)垂直相交的面(水平方向，图3的B方向)。换言之，倾斜部28朝向母材22倾斜。另外，本实施方式所涉及的倾斜部28从接头20的端部30开始倾斜。
进一步，倾斜部28由两个倾斜面28A、28B形成。并且，倾斜面28A、28B相交，形成角部32。角部32沿接头20的长度方向延伸，即和接头20的端部30平行地延伸。
此外，接头20的粘合面25的相反面(以下简称为“相反面”)34以相较于接头20的中央部，厚度逐渐变薄的方式朝向端部30倾斜为锥形。
另一方面，母材22在其与接头20的粘合面36上，根据倾斜部28的形状形成凹陷部38，以便埋入接头20的倾斜部28。
借此，接头20的倾斜部28被埋入母材22中，和母材22粘合。
另外，在以下说明中，将相对于倾斜面28A、28B的B方向所成的角度定义为倾斜角θ。此外，在以下说明中，将接头20的粘合面25及母材22的粘合面36统称为粘合层。
接下来，参照图6至图10，对粘合层的强度(以下简称为“粘合强度”)进行说明。
图6是表示未形成凹陷部38的母材22中粘合层粘合强度的模式图。图7是表示形成有凹陷部38的母材22中粘合层粘合强度的模式图。
作为粘合强度，包括板材26拉伸方向(图6、7中的A方向，以下简称为“面外方向”)上的强度即面外方向强度Ptall。即，面外方向强度Ptall是抵抗施加于板材26的拉伸负荷(以下简称为“面外方向负荷”)的强度。
此外，粘合强度除面外方向强度Ptall外，还被分为粘合层剪切方向(图6、7中的B方向，以下简称为“面内方向”)的强度，即面内方向强度Psall。
如图6所示，如果粘合层平坦(倾斜角θ＝0°)，则面外方向强度Ptall和面内方向强度Psall垂直相交。因此，母材22上没有形成凹陷部38时，抵抗面外方向负荷的理论粘合强度Pall如(1)式所示，为面外方向强度Ptall。
Pall＝Ptall…(1)
另一方面，如图7所示，如果母材22上形成有凹陷部38，且粘合层倾斜(倾斜角θ≠0°)，则面内方向强度Psall具有面外方向的强度分量。因此，抵抗面外方向负荷的理论粘合强度Pall如(2)式所示，为面外粘合强度Ptall加上面内粘合强度Psall的正弦分量(Psall×sinθ)所得的强度。
Pall＝Ptall+Psall×sinθ…(2)
即，母材22上形成有凹陷部38，且粘合层倾斜时，和粘合层平坦的情况相比，粘合强度变强。
接下来，对母材22上形成有凹陷部38，且粘合层倾斜时粘合层所产生的应力的数值分析结果进行说明。使用有限元法进行数值分析。
图8是数值分析模型50的总图，图9是图8的区域B的放大图。
如图8、9所示，数值分析模型50由形成有凹陷部38的母材模型52和形成有倾斜部28的接头模型54形成。另外，接头模型54是组合接头20和板材26的模型。
作为数值分析的条件，限制母材模型52的两端(端部A、B)，对接头模型54沿面外方向即Y方向赋予负荷(面外方向负荷)。
关于材料特性，作为构成母材模型52和接头模型54的复合材料，E＝约60000MPa，填隙模型56的E＝约40000MPa，粘合层模型58的E＝约30000MPa。另外，E是纵弹性模量(杨氏模量)。
此外，即便数值分析模型50由未形成凹陷部38的母材模型52和未形成倾斜部28的接头模型54形成，也在同样的条件下进行数值分析。
图10是表示数值分析结果的曲线图。
图10中虚线表示母材22上未形成凹陷部38的数值分析模型50的数值分析结果。另一方面，实线表示母材22上形成有凹陷部38的数值分析模型50的数值分析结果。此外，图10中横轴为数值分析模型50的X方向，坐标A表示粘合层模型58的端部，坐标CL表示粘合层模型58的中央部(同时参照图9)。另一方面，纵轴表示由于承受面外方向负荷而产生的应力大小。
如图10所示，由于承受面外方向负荷，粘合层模型58的端部(坐标A)产生了峰值应力。和形成有凹陷部38的数值分析模型50相比，未形成凹陷部38的数值分析模型50在粘合层模型58的端部(坐标A)的峰值应力较小。其原因在于，通过形成凹陷部38，母材22和接头20的刚度差变得较为平稳。
和未形成凹陷部38的情况相比，通过在母材22上形成凹陷部38，粘合层模型58的端部应力降低约60％。借此，通过形成凹陷部38，粘合强度整体提高约2.5倍以上。
此外，本实施方式所涉及的接头20的相反面34朝向端部30倾斜。借此，和端部30例如垂直于母材22的情况相比，本实施方式所涉及的接头20与母材22的刚度差变小。
另外，端部30倾斜可能会导致端部30的强度降低。但是，通过在接头20上形成倾斜部28，并埋入母材22中，如图10所示，可以使承受面外方向负荷时端部30的峰值应力降低，因此，即便使相反面34朝向端部30倾斜，也可以抑制端部30破损。
此外，本实施方式所涉及的接头20由两个倾斜面28A、28B形成，因此可以使粘合面25的粘合强度左右均等。
如以上所说明，本实施方式所涉及的接头20用于将板材26接合到母材22上，倾斜部28形成于接头20与母材22的粘合面25上，所述倾斜部28倾斜于和对板材26施加拉伸负荷的方向垂直相交的面。此外，母材22根据倾斜部28的形状形成凹陷部38，以便埋入接头20的倾斜部28。继而，接头20被埋入母材22中，并通过粘合的方式接合。
因此，本实施方式所涉及的接头20可以使接头20和母材22的粘合面强度更强。
(第1改进例)
以下，针对本发明的第1改进例进行说明。
图11是表示本第1改进例所涉及的接头20及母材22的形状的侧视图，图12是图11所示区域C的放大图。另外，对于图11、12中和图3、4相同的构成部分，标记和图3、4相同的符号，省略说明。
如图11、12所示，本第1改进例所涉及的接头20从粘合面25的端部30朝向接头20的中心方向形成平坦部60A、60B，从平坦部60A、60B的端部朝向中心方向形成倾斜面28A、28B。
(第2改进例)
以下，针对本发明的第2改进例进行说明。
图13是表示本第2改进例所涉及的接头20及母材22的形状的侧视图，图14是图13所示区域D的放大图。另外，对于图13、14中和图3、4相同的构成部分，标记和图3、4相同的符号，省略说明。
本第3改进例所涉及的倾斜部28由倾斜角各不相同的多个倾斜面28A、28B、28C、28D形成。另外，在图13、14的示例中，倾斜面28A和倾斜面28B的倾斜角相同，倾斜面28C和倾斜面28D的倾斜角相同。此外，并不限定于此，倾斜部28也可以由4个以上倾斜面形成。
借此，可以根据预计施加给接头20的负荷，使倾斜角各不相同，从而可以调整粘合面25的强度。
(第3改进例)
以下，针对本发明的第3改进例进行说明。
图15是表示本第3改进例所涉及的接头20及母材22的形状的侧视图。
第3改进例所涉及的倾斜部28由一个倾斜面形成。
借此，第3改进例所涉及的接头20能够以简易结构使接头20和母材22的粘合面25强度更强。
(第4改进例)
以下，针对本发明的第4改进例进行说明。
图16是表示本第4改进例所涉及的接头20A及母材22的形状的侧视图。
本第4改进例所涉及的接头20A并非上述π型接头，而是T字型接头。
(第5改进例)
以下，针对本发明的第5改进例进行说明。
图17是表示本第5改进例所涉及的接头20B及母材22的形状的侧视图。
本第5改进例所涉及的接头20B并非上述π型接头，而是L字型接头。
以上使用上述实施方式对本发明进行了说明，但是本发明的技术范围并不限定于上述实施方式所述的范围。可在不超出发明要旨的范围内对上述实施方式实施各种变更或改良，实施该变更或改良的方式包含在本发明的技术范围内。
例如，在上述实施方式中，对接头20应用于航空机结构的形态进行了说明，但本发明并不限定于此，也可以是将接头20应用于航空机以外的结构的形态。
符号说明
1主翼
20接头
22母材
25粘合面
26板材
28倾斜部
38凹陷部

Claims (6)

1.一种接头，其是用于将构件接合到母材上的接头，
倾斜部形成于所述接头与所述母材的粘合面上，所述倾斜部倾斜于和对所述构件施加拉伸负荷的方向垂直相交的面，
所述倾斜部被埋入所述母材中，和所述母材粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接头，其中，所述粘合面的相反面以相较于中央部，厚度逐渐变薄的方式朝向端部倾斜。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的接头，其中，所述倾斜部由多个倾斜面形成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的接头，其中，所述倾斜部由相对于所述母材的角度各不相同的多个倾斜面形成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的接头，其中，所述倾斜部由一个倾斜面形成。
6.一种航空机结构，其具备：
权利要求1至5中任一项所述的接头，以及
母材，其根据所述倾斜部的形状形成凹陷部，以便埋入所述接头的所述倾斜部；
所述接头被埋入所述母材中，并通过粘合的方式接合。
CN201480048925.1A 2013-10-02 2014-06-16 接头及航空机结构 Expired - Fee Related CN105518315B (zh)

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RU2632552C1 (ru) 2017-10-05
CA2923152C (en) 2019-01-08
EP3029339B1 (en) 2024-07-31
CN105518315B (zh) 2018-07-06
US10040538B2 (en) 2018-08-07
EP3029339A4 (en) 2016-09-14
CA2923152A1 (en) 2015-04-09
US20160194071A1 (en) 2016-07-07
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BR112016004953A2 (pt) 2020-05-19
EP3029339A1 (en) 2016-06-08
JP2015072041A (ja) 2015-04-16

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