CN105515044B - DTS-based black start aid decision making system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application belongs to the field of computer calculation of an electric power system, and relates to a power grid black start auxiliary decision making system. The intelligent power grid dispatching system comprises a graphic platform, a database and an algorithm analysis library, wherein the graphic platform consists of a picture browser of an intelligent power grid dispatching technology support system and a self-developed window; the database stores parameters and analysis results of each element in the power system, and is convenient for users to modify and check; the algorithm analysis library comprises all numerical analysis algorithms and optimization algorithms required in the black start process, and is the technical core of the whole system; the method is characterized in that: the system adopts a modularized layered structure and consists of a data layer, an application support layer, an interface layer and a user layer. The invention is integrated with DTS based on a D5000 intelligent power grid scheduling technology support system, and shares a real-time power grid database, a data communication platform and a power grid picture.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of computer calculation of an electric power system, and relates to power grid black start auxiliary decision software.
Background
The black start refers to a process of gradually recovering normal operation of a system by using a unit with self-starting capability in the system or a power supply outside the system under the condition that the system is completely stopped. Since the beginning of the sixties of the twentieth century, a great number of experts and scholars at home and abroad have achieved remarkable results aiming at theories and methods for reducing the occurrence probability and range of power accidents, and the problem of how to recover as soon as possible after an accident occurs in a power system, namely the black start problem, is relatively ignored. The research on the recovery of the electric power system after the blackish accident starts in the middle of the eighties of the twentieth century, and the recovery of the power-off area can be divided into two types: recovery of a partially powered down system and recovery of a fully black system. At present, a plurality of experts, scholars and power workers at home and abroad deeply research the problems related to black start, and generally speaking, the problems mainly comprise the following aspects:
1) selection of black start power supply
The black start power supply has very important function in the whole black start process, generally speaking, a unit suitable for being used as the black start power supply has the characteristics of short start-stop time of ①, no need of power supply for ②, self-starting, high ③ load lifting speed, flexible operation, high reliability of ④, strong ⑤ phase advancing operation capacity, capacity of absorbing reactive power generated by charging current of a transmission line and no self-excitation, ⑥ with an automatic and manual quasi-synchronous device, functions of automatic speed regulation, automatic quasi-synchronous grid connection and manual quasi-synchronous grid connection, ⑦ with functions of manual speed regulation and voltage regulation, and good voltage and frequency regulation capacity of ⑧.
Because the requirements are well met, a water turbine is usually selected as a black start power supply, but in some areas with deficient hydraulic resources and no condition for building a hydropower station, other forms of black start power supplies can be selected. Researchers respectively perform black start modeling and simulation on the gas combined circulator and the fuel oil unit, and verify the feasibility of the gas combined circulator and the fuel oil unit as black start power supplies. The island starting mode of small unit active disconnection and the power transmission of the inter-regional tie line are also common black starting power supply modes. The success rate of recovery of the two modes is relatively high, but the blackstart plan is difficult to write because the power failure range and the position of the island are difficult to predict, but if the conditions are met and the dispatching center has the capacity of rapidly making the blackstart plan, the island and the connecting line should be considered as the starting power supply preferentially. When the conditions permit, the new energy power generation and direct current transmission system can also be used as a black start power supply.
In the aspect of optimizing and selecting the black-start power supply, Wujiekang and the like of Guangxi university provide a black-start power supply selection model based on accident loss minimization, and establish a black-start power supply planning model taking social power failure loss minimization as a target to optimize the installation position and capacity of the black-start power supply; black start power supply planning based on social benefit maximization is proposed by Qinghua university Liu span, Sun Ying Yun and the like, the power failure loss value of a major accident and the cost of a scheme are comprehensively compared, and an optimal black start power supply is selected; the method comprises the steps that the Wangchun of Shandong university, Liuyu field and the like comprehensively consider the black start benefit and the static benefit of the pumped storage power station, and establish an optimal reserved water quantity calculation model of the pumped storage power station by combining the limit operation position constraint of peak clipping and valley filling; zhang Junquan et al of the Foshan Guangming power plant introduced the design of the black start power supply of the power plant, and proposed the selection and design principle of the beneficial black start power supply; xujian nan et al of Jiangsu Wujiang power supply company, Wujiang province, propose a new idea of providing power for a started unit by taking a 'user emergency power black start service combination' as a black start power; the concept of generalized mode evaluation is proposed by Wu Ye, Shu Xin Yan and other people at Shanghai traffic university, the cost and the reliability of various black start modes are compared, the indexes of the generalized black start mode evaluation are extracted from the aspects of timeliness, structurality, economy and reliability, and the black start mode is evaluated by using a hierarchical data envelope analysis (DEA/AHP) method.
2) Study to formulate Black Start Overall protocol
The significance of the black start scheme of the power grid is briefly discussed in documents such as shaotai, Limoni and the like, the compiling content of the black start scheme of the Chinese power grid is introduced by combining the characteristics of the Chinese power grid, and a plurality of workers study the black start scheme of the power grid according to a specific power grid. The problem of black start scheme generation is researched by using a network topology analysis technology and an expert system with high prospect and snow level, and a scientific and intuitive decision reference is provided for a dispatcher to recover the power grid. Liu Ying and Wu Wen Chuan research on black start partitions, define a black start partition mathematical model, convert the model into a Boolean function, and design and develop a black start partition search algorithm based on two stages. The Libihui and Tianfeng discuss a general method for making a black start scheme of a power system, analyze the safety problem in the recovery process of the power system, focus on a system recovery aid decision evaluation system, and provide reference for artificial intelligence made by the power system recovery scheme. Schroemerite, wannhao, etc. put black starts into consideration in the power market environment, proposing that economic optimization objectives should be minimal in terms of the sum of service costs and risk losses.
3) Active and reactive characteristic research and frequency and voltage control analysis in black start process
Three kinds of overvoltage may be generated during the black start of the system: power frequency overvoltage, operation overvoltage and resonance overvoltage. The overvoltage may cause damage to electrical equipment such as transformers, relay protection devices, switches, etc., causing the black start process to fail. The cause of the overvoltage must be carefully studied to prevent the overvoltage from being generated. The RTDS real-time simulation system is used for solving the problem that the grid connection failure of the unit occurs due to reverse power protection in the initial black start stage of the black start test of the power grid in the Shanghai by utilizing the Wangweihong and the Yang brightness enhancement. A permissive party introduces 4 self-excitation criteria such as a speed algorithm, an impedance comparison method, a circular diagram method, a charging characteristic method and the like of the generator with long circuit and performs analysis and calculation aiming at the condition that self-excitation overvoltage is easy to occur when the generator with long circuit runs in no-load. Wu Yi is pure, Ding Ming and the like analyzes the mechanism of internal overvoltage when the no-load long-distance overhead line is recovered in the black start process of the power system, establishes an overvoltage simulation calculation model, and can use general calculation software of the power system to simulate. The Lizhuan provides a method for rapidly predicting the black-start switching-on overvoltage by utilizing a neural network, a total sample space is formed by selecting a group of effective input characteristics, a training sample set and a testing sample set are established by adopting an electromagnetic transient simulation program (EMTP), and the error back propagation neural network is used for constructing a mapping relation between the input characteristics and an overvoltage peak value, so that the rapid prediction of the black-start switching-on overvoltage is realized. Based on the simulation result of the RTDS real-time simulation system on the test system, the method proposes that the variation trend of impulse reactive power and active power is a key factor influencing the voltage stability, and an excitation regulator and a reactor of the generator are more suitable coping methods.
4) Evaluation and selection of black start path
The evaluation of the black start path is a multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation problem, researchers deeply research the problem from different angles, and numerous effective evaluation methods are provided. The existing literature about black start path evaluation methods can be roughly divided into two categories, namely a deterministic method and a fuzzy method. The deterministic black-start path evaluation method is the first to be appreciated by researchers because of its relative simplicity. An evaluation method based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and an effectiveness evaluation method of a black start scheme by using a Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) method are provided by considering snow and the like. The advantages of the two are fully utilized by forest, Jiang Yuan Mei and the like, and a DEA/AHP model-based black start scheme evaluation method is provided. Wu provides an improved method of DEA-Group Standard Method (GSM). Mengzapon, Ringjie and the like propose a black start evaluation method based on an incidence matrix, and are used for the whole-process strategy analysis of Tianjin power grid black start. Forest vibrating wisdom, ferox and the like propose a black start evaluation method based on entropy weight and TOPSIS method, and the objectivity of evaluation is enhanced. The Liu junction will consider the influence of different black start paths on the power grid reconstruction efficiency in consideration of snow balance and the like, and the shortest path method and the cross particle swarm optimization are combined to perform simulation solution on the Hebei south network system.
In order to better consider the actual engineering closeness of the indicators, and to account for the ambiguity of the qualitative indicators, many researchers have proposed using a fuzzy evaluation method for black start scheme evaluation. Chenliwei and the like propose a black start scheme evaluation method based on fuzzy DEA, Li Xiuqing, Shangjing and the like combine fuzzy technology with AHP, and propose a black start scheme evaluation method combining AHP and interval number method in the fuzzy technology. Zhangyi et Ying, Chenying Ping, etc. propose the assessment method of black start scheme based on fuzzy multiple attribute decision method (FMDM), this method assesses effects well, but relatively complicated. And by virtue of forest, plum boy flies to provide a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation strategy based on entropy weight, and the method is relatively simple in process and has a good evaluation effect. A sensitivity analysis method is provided based on a simple weighting method for forest vibration intelligence, Wenfu bolt and the like, the influence of the change of index values and index weights on black start optimal scheme sequencing is researched, and a beneficial thought is provided for scientific setting of the index weights.
5) Network reconfiguration and load recovery
From a mathematical point of view, system recovery after a successful black start is a multi-stage, multi-objective, non-linear optimization problem. It can be divided into two aspects: (1) reconstructing a main network frame to provide power for the power failure area as much as possible, namely recovering the main network frame and the power; (2) the load is restored to restore the supply of power to the load in the outage area as much as possible. The reconfiguration of the main grid framework is not supported by load restoration, and the restoration requirements of important loads will affect the target grid structure to some extent.
For the main network frame reconstruction, the network frame reconstruction stage is respectively solved according to a serial power transmission stage and a parallel power transmission stage by Zhongyun sea, Mincour and the like, and a corresponding power transmission path optimization algorithm is given. Liu Yan, think about snow peacefully put forward the concept of skeleton network, utilize "core node" thought in the scale-free network as the guide that the system resumes fast after the large tracts of land has a power failure. The Weizhibo and Liuyan adopt a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm, and a recovery net rack is constructed by taking the highest proportion of the important load recovery amount to the total recovered load amount as a target. The mathematical models of the system from the tree network to the annular network are established by the Zhouyi sea, Liu Ying Shang and the like, and the optimal input sequence of the line is solved by adopting a heuristic algorithm. The forest vibration intelligence, the Wenfu bolt and the like introduce an index to the problem and optimize the recovery path. Liu Qiang, Shi Li Bao, Ni model the network reconstruction as a local minimum tree problem of finding the graph with letter, etc., and an intelligent optimization algorithm is adopted to search the shortest weighted power transmission path. It should be noted that the above methods all achieve certain results, but because the system scale is often large when recovering the system, further research on the practical feasibility of the engineering is needed.
6) Development of black start decision support system
For the auxiliary rapid formation, evaluation and check of the black start scheme, researchers have designed some corresponding experimental auxiliary decision support systems. Zhou Yun Hai and Min Yong, etc. set out from the theoretical and engineering practical requirements, put forward the relevant concept of the black start decision support system and discuss the structure and relevant algorithm of the system. A black start decision support system based on C + +, QT and SQL SERVER is developed by Yandhuan and Yuanrongxin and the like, so that auxiliary decision on the black start process can be realized conveniently, but the calculation function is simple, only load flow calculation and fault calculation are included, and the calculation and check contents such as self-excitation, stability and the like are not considered; the scheme evaluation and sequencing method based on the knowledge base has the difficulty that the practicability of the scheme evaluation and sequencing method based on the knowledge base needs to be further verified because the acquisition of knowledge is a difficult point. The Sude and Zhao Shuqiang etc. are based on artificial intelligence technology, develop Hebei south network black start assistant decision support system, the technology verification of this system is comparatively perfect, but its scheme evaluation and sequencing method still only is based on single Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to different schemes, the situation that can't pass the consistency verification may appear. The power grid modeling and the graph of the systems are independent of the dispatching automation system which operates on line, the construction period is long, careless omission exists, the systems cannot adapt to the power grid which changes rapidly, and the systems cannot be popularized rapidly in other dispatching centers.
The analysis of the black start problem includes various contents of the power system, is a comprehensive systematic large-scale research subject, needs a certain depth and breadth, and has important practical engineering significance, so that the analysis is generally regarded by Chinese and foreign researchers.
In the black start process of the power grid, the following technical problems mainly exist:
1) recovery subnet partitioning
When the black-start power point is determined and the system has a plurality of black-start power points, in order to increase the recovery speed of the power grid, the large-scale power grid should be divided into two or more subsystems to be independently recovered, i.e., recovered in parallel, as soon as possible according to the structural characteristics of the power grid.
2) Voltage control during recovery
The voltage control is related to the reactive power, and the electric power generated by the self-starting unit needs to be sent out through a high-voltage or ultrahigh-voltage power transmission line. In the initial stage of recovery, firstly, a no-load or light-load long line needs to be charged, and due to the existence of distributed capacitors, a large amount of reactive power is inevitably released, so that the self-excitation of a generator and the rise and the exceeding of bus voltage can be caused, and the action of CXP (self-excitation overvoltage limiter) is caused, so that the self-starting unit is required to have the capability of absorbing reactive power or running in a phase.
3) Frequency control during recovery
The frequency is related to the system output and load, and the control frequency relates to the load recovery speed, the response of the unit speed regulator and secondary frequency modulation.
4) Active power coordination
In the recovery process, the distribution proportion of starting power and important loads must be considered, so that the loss is reduced as much as possible, and the recovery is accelerated.
5) Sequence of unit start-up
When the black start is carried out, various critical time intervals of the unit must be well held, and a reasonable unit start sequence is formulated. Missing these time intervals can delay the system recovery time.
6) Self-excitation problem at initial stage of black start
The self-excitation of the unit is a resonance phenomenon. When the generator is in no-load with long line, the capacitive reactance X of the linecBecome smaller if Xc<XdIn time, the generator is equivalent to a capacitive load, and if the generator has residual magnetism, the generator end has a tiny voltage U0When this voltage is applied to the capacitive load, the system will generate a capacitive current, which will have a flux effect on the generator. Along with the increase of the exciting current, the voltage of the unit will be increased, so that the capacitive current in the system will also be increased, the magnetic assisting effect is enhanced, and U is0And then rises again.
7) Switching-on overvoltage problem of no-load line
Several overvoltage problems must be considered in the initial recovery of the system: and (4) sustaining power frequency overvoltage, operation overvoltage and resonance overvoltage.
8) Low frequency oscillation problem at initial stage of black start
When the generators run in parallel through the power transmission lines, relative swing among rotors can occur under the condition of disturbance, continuous oscillation is caused when damping is lacked, the power on the power transmission lines also correspondingly oscillates at the moment, and the low-frequency oscillation is called as low-frequency oscillation due to low frequency, so that the low-frequency oscillation is substantial in long-distance load transmission, and the system is lack of sufficient damping.
9) System stability problem after initial recovery
After the initial recovery, the grid structure of the system is weak, and the capacity of the whole system is small, so that the transient stability condition of the system is considered when the system is subjected to large interference.
10) Synchronous grid connection
When the tie between two small systems is closed, it may cause extreme oscillations to the system and may even destabilize and unlink the system again. To reduce the phase angle difference between the busbars, the power flow distribution often needs to be readjusted.
11) Automatic device and protection coordination in black start process
The recovery process often allows the system to work under a working condition worse than a normal state, and if the protection device does not work correctly, the recovery may be interrupted or delayed, so that the configuration and setting value of the protection device must be adjusted correspondingly.
The black start problem of the power grid is a large comprehensive systematic research subject. Technically, the analysis includes various aspects of the power system, including steady-state technology, transient technology, computer simulation technology, topology analysis technology, and the like, and also includes probability analysis technology, optimization technology, and the like. The research needs a certain depth and a certain extent. In practical application, the black start of the power grid is systematic work, the related professions are wide, the units are many, and the structure and the safety of the power grid as well as social influence and economic benefits are considered; both local benefits and global concerns are considered. Each of the above factors directly determines the success of the black start and is therefore a key issue in the black start process.
The existing black start plan generation system for the power system has the following defects:
1) a stand-alone autonomous system. An independent database system, a graphic system and a power system calculation program need to be established. The current operating power system cannot be closely tracked, so that the black start plan calculation cannot be rapidly carried out on line on the current operating system.
2) The system recovery calculation amount in the black start plan is huge, the calculation time is usually several hours, and an auxiliary decision cannot be provided for the scheduling operation of the power grid on line.
3) And the formed black start plan cannot be trained and simulated in real time. Because the DTS is a tool for training a power grid dispatcher, a black start plan, a power grid image display from a simulation room environment and power grid model data are displayed on the DTS and are the same as those of a real power dispatching center. Therefore, the training device has good training effect.
4) No speculation of the plan can be made on the DTS. The DTS used as a power grid dispatcher training tool can be used for carrying out simulation training on dispatchers and deducting black-start plans. Through the deduction of the black start plan, on one hand, the understanding of a power grid mode person on the black start plan can be deepened, on the other hand, the deficiency of the black start plan can be found, and more reasonable premise setting is added on the new plan forming condition, so that the black start plan which is more in line with the actual situation is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a DTS-based black start aid decision making system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a DTS-based black start aid decision making system comprises a graphic platform, a database and an algorithm analysis library, wherein the graphic platform is composed of a picture browser of an intelligent power grid dispatching technology support system and a self-developed window, a visual graphic interface, a plant station diagram and a grid diagram are provided, and a friendly interaction mode helps a user to use and develop secondarily quickly; the database stores parameters and analysis results of each element in the power system, and is convenient for users to modify and check, and comprises a real-time database, a commercial database and file type storage provided by a basic platform; the algorithm analysis library comprises all numerical analysis algorithms and optimization algorithms required in the black start process, and is the technical core of the whole system;
the method is characterized in that:
the system adopts a modularized layered structure and consists of a data layer, an application support layer, an interface layer and a user layer;
the data layer realizes the storage of black start information through a database and a file system, and the black start information comprises the storage of black start distribution network elements, black start scheme information, black start results and a black start recovery scheme report;
the application layer covering application module mainly comprises data management, path generation, path verification and evaluation, graphic display and editing, system recovery and convenient and quick human-computer interaction.
The application support layer comprises bottom support programs such as electromagnetic transient simulation, electromechanical transient simulation, feasibility verification and path optimization, and the like, and is used for generating a black start scheme and providing decision support for commanders.
An interface layer is arranged between the application support layer and the data layer and used for transmitting parameters set by a user and simulation parameters of the power system element to a bottom support program;
and the user layer is a power grid dispatching personnel for providing decision support.
Further, the system comprises a research analysis mode, and the following functional modules are included in the research analysis mode:
(1) an analytical computation module comprising
1) And (4) performing load flow calculation by adopting a classical PQ decomposition load flow calculation method.
2) And electromagnetic transient calculation adopts a backward Euler method, and the line elements adopt a distributed parameter model.
3) And (4) electromechanical transient calculation, wherein a Jacobi iteration method is adopted for modeling and solving.
4) And (4) self-excitation calibration, wherein an impedance criterion method is adopted for modeling and solving.
5) And (4) path searching, wherein an improved rule-based depth-first searching algorithm is adopted.
6) And path evaluation, namely, performing entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and taking into account relevant indexes in the starting sequence optimization model of the black-start power supply and the started power supply, wherein for each path of the same black-start power supply and the same started power supply, the relative evaluation result is not influenced by the newly added indexes, and when the black-start power supply or the started power supply is different, the evaluation result includes the consideration of the black-start power supply or the started power supply.
7) And (3) system recovery, namely, a system recovery algorithm of multi-objective optimization is adopted, and 3 system recovery targets are simultaneously optimized: a) the transformer substation switch operation time is as short as possible; b) the power failure loss is reduced as much as possible; c) the system is as strong as possible; where the module employs parallel computing techniques.
(2) A calculation result display module including
1) Reading study base section and reading real-time section
The step of reading the research basic section is to load required power grid data into a black-start assistant decision application device type table in a real-time state, and the data source of the research basic section is ① real-time sections, ② historical sections and ③ research sections, wherein the real-time sections are obtained from a state estimation application or an SCADA application, a remote command is directly called through a human-computer interface, the historical sections or the research sections start a CASE management tool through the human-computer interface, and the sections are obtained through CASE services provided by a platform;
reading real-time sections is similar, except that the historical or research section information is not read by a CASE management tool;
2) reading recovery target section
And reading the recovery target section is to load the required power grid data into the black-start assistant decision application table of each equipment class in the test state, wherein the data source and the operation mode of the black-start assistant decision application table are consistent with those of the read research basic section.
3) Study cross section adjustment
Adjusting the research section, namely, randomly adjusting the operation mode on the basis of a certain specific section to form the process of the research section. The initial section is loaded into a research state, the operation mode is adjusted through the plant station diagram operation, and the initial section is stored as a research section through a CASE management tool, as shown in FIGS. 5-6.
4) Fracture surface restoration
The fracture surface recovery is realized by a CASE management tool;
(3) computing configuration module
The calculation configuration module comprises calculation parameter settings, unit related equipment settings and high-resistance switching and withdrawing settings, and the essence of the calculation configuration module is that parameters filled in a human-computer interface by a user are stored in a database.
Furthermore, in the analysis and calculation module, the result of the path search is the common input of each module, the load flow calculation provides an initial value and a node admittance matrix for the electromechanical transient calculation and the electromagnetic transient calculation, the path search result and each check result jointly form the original data of the path evaluation, and the path evaluation result can be obtained by combining the evaluation control parameters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the real-time power grid data processing method is integrated with a DTS based on a D5000 intelligent power grid scheduling technology support system, and a real-time power grid database, a data communication platform and a power grid picture are shared.
(2) The system recovery module of the black start plan uses parallel calculation, the calculation time is measured in minutes, the black start plan can be formed on line, and powerful guarantee is provided for actual power grid dispatching operation.
(3) And carrying out black start plan simulation training on the DTS, so that a power grid dispatcher deepens understanding and memorizing of black start plan steps.
(4) Simulation deduction is carried out on the black start plan on the DTS, and personnel in an operation mode can modify and make up for the defects of the black start plan by combining with the actual situation of the power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the layer structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a data flow diagram in a research and analysis mode of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a functional configuration diagram in the research analysis mode of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a data interface for reading a study base section according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a research cross-section adjustment data interface according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a compute configuration data interface according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of analyzing and calculating the relationship between modules according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a path search data interface.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a power flow calculation data interface of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic transient, electromechanical transient, and self-excitation verification data interface of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a path evaluation data interface according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a system recovery data interface diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 14 shows a schematic interface diagram of the calculation result.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
Based on a D5000 intelligent scheduling support system DTS, the power grid picture and the power grid operation data are acquired from a D5000 support platform: the running environment is a Linux environment; adopting Oracle database support; the development language is C + +; and developing a graphical human-computer interaction interface by adopting Qt.
The black start assistant decision system is designed into three parts: a graphics platform, a database, and an algorithmic analysis library. The graphic platform is composed of a picture browser of an intelligent power grid dispatching technology support system and a self-developed window, and mainly provides a visual graphic interface, a station diagram and a grid diagram, and a friendly interactive mode helps a user to use and develop for the second time; the database stores parameters and analysis results of each element in the power system, and is convenient for users to modify and check, and comprises a real-time database, a commercial database and file type storage provided by a basic platform; the algorithm analysis library comprises all numerical analysis algorithms and optimization algorithms required in the black start process, and is the technical core of the whole system. The overall results of the three sections are shown in figure 1.
By combining the technical characteristics of function positioning of a black start auxiliary decision system and online operation of a black start related analysis technology, the main functions of the power grid black start auxiliary decision software are designed as follows:
1) and selecting a proper black start power supply and a started power supply, and obtaining all feasible power paths from the black start power supply to the target power supply through a path search algorithm.
2) And allowing a user to edit element parameters not belonging to the basic platform data, add and delete paths needing checking and evaluation, and flexibly adjust the calculation configuration such as expert weight and the like according to the needs.
3) And performing power verification calculation on all feasible paths, including self-excitation verification, power frequency overvoltage verification, operation overvoltage verification and voltage frequency offset verification, so as to eliminate paths with technical indexes not meeting the requirements of scheduling regulations.
4) And evaluating and sequencing all black start paths passing each check, and selecting a path with the optimal comprehensive performance from the black start power supply to the started power supply.
5) And analyzing the steps and the optimal scheme for recovering the regional and even the whole network power supply on the premise of meeting various power constraints on the basis of the optimal path.
The black start assistant decision making system adopts a modularized layered structure and consists of a user layer, an application supporting layer and a data layer.
And the data storage layer realizes the storage of the black start information through a database and a file system. The method specifically comprises the storage of black-start distribution network elements (a bus, a line, a transformer, an auxiliary machine, a damping system, a speed regulating system, an excitation system and the like), black-start scheme information (black-start parameter setting, a black-start power supply, a started power supply and a black-start path), black-start results (voltage graphs and tide data) and a black-start recovery scheme report.
The application layer covers the application module and mainly comprises data management, path generation, path verification and evaluation, graphic display and editing and system recovery. The application module is used for providing convenient and quick human-computer interaction.
The application support layer comprises bottom support programs such as electromagnetic transient simulation, electromechanical transient simulation, feasibility verification and path optimization. To generate a black start scheme and to provide decision support to the commander.
An interface layer is arranged between the application support layer and the data layer and is used for transmitting the parameters set by the user and the simulation parameters of the power system elements to the bottom support program.
The user layer represents the grid dispatcher who provides decision support.
The functional module division and operation process of the invention comprises the following steps:
the method is suitable for researching and analyzing the running mode in consideration of the difference between the black-start real-time recovery assistance and the black-start research plan making.
The functional structure in the research and analysis mode is shown in fig. 2, the calculation configuration and analysis calculation functions are consistent with those in the real-time mode, the function of reading the real-time section in the section reading aspect is changed into the function of reading a research basic section and adjusting the research section, the section recovery function is added, and the calculation result display comprises voltage waveform display, available path ranking and black start scheme generation. In the research mode, the interaction points of the system and the user are many, each computing module is relatively independent and has no normal workflow diagram like the real-time auxiliary mode, and a flow diagram 3 of data flow direction is given.
The specific index is shown in Table 3-1.
TABLE 5-1 indexes used for evaluation of black start auxiliary decision path of power grid
The following functional modules are included in the research and analysis mode as shown in fig. 4:
(1) an analytical computation module comprising
1) And (4) performing load flow calculation by adopting a classical PQ decomposition load flow calculation method.
2) And electromagnetic transient calculation adopts a backward Euler method, and the line elements adopt a distributed parameter model.
3) And (4) electromechanical transient calculation, wherein a Jacobi iteration method is adopted for modeling and solving.
4) And (4) self-excitation calibration, wherein an impedance criterion method is adopted for modeling and solving.
5) And (4) path searching, wherein an improved rule-based depth-first searching algorithm is adopted.
6) And path evaluation, namely, performing entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and taking into account relevant indexes in the starting sequence optimization model of the black-start power supply and the started power supply, wherein for each path of the same black-start power supply and the same started power supply, the relative evaluation result is not influenced by the newly added indexes, and when the black-start power supply or the started power supply is different, the evaluation result includes the consideration of the black-start power supply or the started power supply.
7) And (3) system recovery, namely, a system recovery algorithm of multi-objective optimization is adopted, and 3 system recovery targets are simultaneously optimized:
a) the transformer substation switch operation time is as short as possible; b) the power failure loss is reduced as much as possible; c) the system is as strong as possible; where the module employs parallel computing techniques.
(2) A calculation result display module including
1) Reading the study base section and reading the real-time section as shown in fig. 5.
The step of reading the research basic section is to load required power grid data into a black-start assistant decision application device type table in a real-time state, and the data source of the research basic section is ① real-time sections, ② historical sections and ③ research sections, wherein the real-time sections are obtained from a state estimation application or an SCADA application, a remote command is directly called through a human-computer interface, the historical sections or the research sections start a CASE management tool through the human-computer interface, and the sections are obtained through CASE services provided by a platform;
reading real-time sections is similar, except that the historical or research section information is not read by a CASE management tool;
2) reading recovery target section
And reading the recovery target section is to load the required power grid data into the black-start assistant decision application table of each equipment class in the test state, wherein the data source and the operation mode of the black-start assistant decision application table are consistent with those of the read research basic section.
3) Study cross section adjustment
Adjusting the research section, namely, randomly adjusting the operation mode on the basis of a certain specific section to form the process of the research section. The initial section is loaded into a research state, the operation mode is adjusted through the plant station diagram operation, and the initial section is stored as a research section through a CASE management tool, as shown in FIG. 6.
4) Fracture surface restoration
The fracture surface recovery is realized by a CASE management tool;
(3) a calculation configuration module, as shown in fig. 7.
The calculation configuration module comprises calculation parameter settings, unit related equipment settings and high-resistance switching and withdrawing settings, and the essence of the calculation configuration module is that parameters filled in a human-computer interface by a user are stored in a database.
Designing a database:
the database of the grid black start assistant decision software comprises a system database (various public equipment tables), an application calculation database (a parameter table, a calculation result table and the like), and a private database (a table only related to the software). The database for the power system recovery aid decision is a bridge for connecting programs, pictures and input and output information, and plays roles in storing original data, storing calculation process records and calculation information and outputting calculation results. The content of the database for the power system recovery aid decision mainly comprises the following three parts:
1) equipment table
Black start set meter: the method comprises the transient parameter information which is not provided in a basic platform, the manually judged starting priority information and equivalent parameters when an external network connecting line and a direct current system are equivalent to a unit.
Auxiliary machine system table: the method comprises the corresponding relation between the auxiliary machine system and the unit and the operation parameters of the auxiliary machine system.
A speed regulating system meter: the method comprises the corresponding relation between the speed regulating system and the unit and the operation parameters of the speed regulating system.
An excitation system table: the method comprises the corresponding relation between an excitation system and a unit and the operation parameters of the excitation system.
Damping winding table: the method comprises the corresponding relation between the damping winding and the unit and the operation parameters of the damping winding.
2) Table of analysis results
A path table: for storing the bypass information necessary to connect the designated power source to the enabled power path.
Voltage check results table: and the method is used for storing the results of power frequency overvoltage verification and operation overvoltage verification.
Other check results table: for storing the results of the self-excitation check, the voltage and frequency stability check.
3) Class of result display
Evaluation data table: summarizing the intermediate analysis results with control marks for judging whether to participate in evaluation
Evaluation results table: evaluation score, ranking of each path, and data used in evaluation.
The analysis and calculation part mainly comprises 6 modules: path search, self-excitation verification, load flow calculation, electromagnetic transient calculation, electromechanical transient calculation, path evaluation and system recovery. The result of the path search is the common input of each module, the load flow calculation provides an initial value and a node admittance matrix for the electromechanical transient calculation and the electromagnetic transient calculation, the path search result and each check result jointly form original data of path evaluation, and the evaluation control parameters are combined to obtain a path evaluation result. The data flow between the modules is shown in fig. 8.
The detailed data flow of each module is as follows.
a) Path search, as in fig. 9.
The input data source is as follows: the device comprises various basic tables of the device, a black-start assistant decision global table, a black-start power supply and a started power supply which are designated through a human-computer interface.
Result storage location: abnormal parameter alarm log, black start path table and power flow input table.
Output usage object: human-computer interface, load flow calculation and other calculation modules.
b) And (5) calculating the power flow, such as fig. 10.
The input data source is as follows: a power flow input table and a black start auxiliary decision global table.
Result storage location: a load flow result table, a node admittance array table, a branch data table and a calculation abnormal information alarm log.
Output usage object: human-computer interface, electromagnetic transient calculation, electromechanical transient calculation.
c) Electromagnetic transient, electromechanical transient, and self-excitation verification, as shown in fig. 11.
The input data source is as follows: the system comprises a power flow result table, a branch data table, a node admittance array table, a power flow input table and a black start auxiliary decision global table.
Result storage location: a voltage check result table, other check result tables, an evaluation data table, an abnormal information alarm log and a transient simulation time sequence result file.
Output usage object: human-machine interface and path evaluation.
d) Path evaluation, as in fig. 12.
The input data source is as follows: the system comprises a power flow result table, a branch data table, a node admittance array table, a power flow input table and a black start auxiliary decision global table.
Result storage location: a voltage check result table, other check result tables, an evaluation data table and a calculation abnormal information alarm log.
Output usage object: and (4) a human-computer interface.
e) The system recovers, as in fig. 13.
f) The calculation results are shown in fig. 14.
The input data source is as follows: the device comprises a power flow result table, an evaluation result table, a power flow input table, a voltage verification result table, other verification result tables and a transient simulation time sequence result file.
Result storage location: a disk file system.
Output usage object: software user.
g) Analysis results storage
For the result of path verification, the system stores the result in a way of combining a file system and a database system for convenient use. Because information interaction is needed among the modules, data needs to be efficiently and reasonably transmitted.
Claims (2)
1. A DTS-based black start aid decision making system comprises a graphic platform, a database and an algorithm analysis library, wherein the graphic platform is composed of a picture browser of an intelligent power grid dispatching technology support system and a self-developed window, a visual graphic interface, a plant station diagram and a grid diagram are provided, and a friendly interaction mode helps a user to use and develop secondarily quickly; the database stores parameters and analysis results of each element in the power system, and is convenient for users to modify and check, and comprises a real-time database, a commercial database and file type storage provided by a basic platform; the algorithm analysis library comprises all numerical analysis algorithms and optimization algorithms required in the black start process, and is the technical core of the whole system;
the method is characterized in that:
the system adopts a modularized layered structure and consists of a data layer, an application support layer, an interface layer and a user layer;
the data layer realizes the storage of black start information through a database and a file system, and the black start information comprises the storage of black start distribution network elements, black start scheme information, black start results and a black start recovery scheme report;
the application layer covers the application module and mainly comprises data management, path generation, path verification and evaluation, graphic display and editing, system recovery and convenient and quick human-computer interaction;
the application support layer comprises an electromagnetic transient simulation, an electromechanical transient simulation, a feasibility check and a path optimization bottom support program and is used for generating a black start scheme and providing decision support for commanders;
an interface layer is arranged between the application support layer and the data layer and used for transmitting parameters set by a user and simulation parameters of the power system element to a bottom support program;
the user layer is a power grid dispatching personnel for providing decision support;
the system comprises a research analysis mode, and the following functional modules are included in the research analysis mode:
(1) an analytical computation module comprising
1) Load flow calculation, adopting a classical PQ decomposition load flow calculation method;
2) electromagnetic transient calculation adopts a backward Euler method, and line elements adopt a distributed parameter model;
3) electromechanical transient state calculation, adopting a Jacobi iteration method to carry out modeling solution;
4) self-excitation calibration, wherein an impedance criterion method is adopted for modeling solution;
5) path searching, wherein an improved rule-based depth-first searching algorithm is adopted;
6) evaluating paths, namely evaluating the paths by adopting an entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and taking relevant indexes in a starting sequence optimization model of a black-start power supply and a started power supply into consideration, wherein for each path of the same black-start power supply and the same started power supply, the relative evaluation result is not influenced by the newly added indexes, and when the black-start power supply or the started power supply is different, the evaluation result includes the consideration of the black-start power supply or the started power supply;
7) and (3) system recovery, namely, a system recovery algorithm of multi-objective optimization is adopted, and 3 system recovery targets are simultaneously optimized: a) The transformer substation switch operation time is short; b) the power failure loss is less; c) the system is strong; the module adopts a parallel computing technology;
(2) a calculation result display module including
1) Reading study base section and reading real-time section
The step of reading the research basic section is to load required power grid data into a black-start assistant decision application device type table in a real-time state, and the data source of the research basic section is ① real-time section, ② historical section and ③ research section, wherein the real-time section is obtained from a state estimation application or an SCADA application, a remote command is directly called through a human-computer interface, the historical section or the research section starts a CASE management tool through the human-computer interface, and the section is obtained through the CASE service provided by a platform;
2) reading recovery target section
Reading a recovery target section, namely loading required power grid data into a black-start auxiliary decision application table in each equipment class under a test state, wherein the data source and the operation mode of the table are consistent with those of a read research basic section;
3) study cross section adjustment
Adjusting a research section, namely, randomly adjusting an operation mode on the basis of a certain specific section to form a process of researching the section; loading the initial section into a research state, adjusting the operation mode through the operation of a station diagram, and storing the initial section as the research section through a CASE management tool;
4) fracture surface restoration
The fracture surface recovery is realized by a CASE management tool;
(3) computing configuration module
The calculation configuration module comprises calculation parameter settings, unit related equipment settings and high-resistance switching and withdrawing settings, and the essence of the calculation configuration module is that parameters filled in a human-computer interface by a user are stored in a database.
2. The DTS-based black start aid decision making system according to claim 1, wherein in the analysis and calculation module, the result of the path search is a common input of each module, the power flow calculation provides an initial value and a node admittance matrix for the electromechanical transient calculation and the electromagnetic transient calculation, and the result of the path search and the check results together form original data for path evaluation, and the result of the path evaluation is obtained by combining evaluation control parameters.
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| CN111160386B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2023-11-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Data-driven power island detection method based on active reactive power disturbance |
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| CN112018765A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-01 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Auxiliary decision method and system for scale wind power participating in black start |
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