CN105514966B - A kind of direct-current grid group energy storage optimization and control method for coordinating - Google Patents

A kind of direct-current grid group energy storage optimization and control method for coordinating Download PDF

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CN105514966B
CN105514966B CN201610040203.2A CN201610040203A CN105514966B CN 105514966 B CN105514966 B CN 105514966B CN 201610040203 A CN201610040203 A CN 201610040203A CN 105514966 B CN105514966 B CN 105514966B
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CN105514966A (en
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米阳
吴彦伟
马超
韩云昊
杨慧霞
纪宏澎
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14Balancing the load in a network

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of direct-current grid group energy storage optimization and control method for coordinating, when multiple sub- microgrid parallel runnings, energy-storage system with smooth distribution formula generated output can fluctuate and be improved while improving busbar voltage quality the safety of energy-storage system according to the maximum charge-discharge electric power and its remaining capacity SOC of each energy-storage system come adjust automatically power distribution in each sub- microgrid.When each sub- microgrid energy-storage system effectively for taking, cannot need connection energy-accumulating power station to carry out control bus voltage stabilization by buffer system power.The present invention adjusts the virtual impedance of each energy-storage units droop control device in energy-accumulating power station using fuzzy control, to realize the automatic distribution of power and the balance of SOC between different energy-storage units, Indistinct Input is segmented, and the Indistinct Input of different range is respectively adopted the balancing speed that SOC is accelerated in fuzzy control, the busbar voltage caused by droop control is fallen using bus voltage feedback control method and is compensated, improves busbar voltage quality.

Description

A kind of direct-current grid group energy storage optimization and control method for coordinating
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of designing technique of micro electric network coordination controller, more particularly to a kind of direct-current grid group energy storage Optimization and control method for coordinating.
Background technology
The autonomous system that micro-capacitance sensor has self-contr ol and self energy management as one can both be operated in grid-connected mould Formula, can also be operated in off-network pattern (Wang Chengshan, Wu Zhen, Li Peng micro-capacitance sensors key technology research [J] electrotechnics journals, 2014,29(2):1-12).If Fig. 1 is micro-grid system structure chart, compared with exchanging microgrid, direct current transmission is established in microgrid Line, the direct-current micro-grid for connecting each distributed generation resource and energy-storage system and being formed, can improve the utilization rate of current transformer and reduce damage Consumption, being conducive to mutual supplement with each other's advantages between each micro- source, (Wang Yi, Lirong Zhang, Li Heming wait the electricity of wind power direct current microgrids with coordinating control Press hierarchical coordinative control [J] Proceedings of the CSEEs, 2013,33 (4):16-24), and straight-flow system there is no phase it is same The problem of step, harmonic wave and reactive power loss etc. (Wu T F, Sun K H, Kuo C L, et al.Predictive current controlled 5-kW single-phase bidirectional inverter with wide inductance variation for dc-microgrid applications[J].Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,2010,25(12):3076-3084;Anand S,Fernandes B G,Guerrero M.Distributed control to ensure proportional load sharing and improve voltage regulation in low-voltage DC microgrids[J].Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,2013,28(4):1900-1913), therefore the new research direction of microgrid has been become (fourth is bright, Guo Weak looped distribution network three-phase power flow [J] the Proceedings of the CSEEs of phoenix containing a variety of distributed generation resources, 2009,29 (13):35-40)。
Direct-current grid scale is generally relatively small, and load fluctuation and external disturbance are relatively frequently (king into mountain monograph).For It realizes a variety of distributed power generation accesses and the power supply of user side high efficient and reliable, planned direct-current grid can be divided into multiple sons Microgrid (IEEE Stands Association.IEEE sta 1547.4-2011.Guide for design, operation, and integration of distributed resource island systems with electric power Systems [S] .2011), in this way, direct-current grid similar in geographical location is passed through corresponding control strategy by dc bus It connects and forms direct-current micro-grid group, the stabilization of microgrid group and high efficient and reliable power supply (He M, Giesselmann can be significantly improved M.Reliability-constrained self-organization and energy management towards a resilient microgrid cluster[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT),2015 IEEE Power&Energy Society.IEEE,2015:1-5).Therefore, it is necessary to according to specific direct current Micro-grid structure, in researching DC micro-capacitance sensor between each distributed generation resource, energy-storage system, load, breaker and sub- microgrid Coordinate control, with ensure micro-capacitance sensor reliable and stable can power under different operating statuses (cogongrass U.S. qin, Ding Ming, Zhang Liuchen, Multi-energy sources power generation microgrid experiment porch and its energy management information is waited to integrate [J] Automation of Electric Systems, 2010 (1):106- 111;Resende F O,Gil N J,Lopes J A.Service restoration on distribution systems using Multi‐MicroGrids[J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,2011,21 (2):1327-1342.).In addition, energy-storage system can improve the ability and its operation stability of microgrid group's solution of emergent event (field Baconic, Xiao Xi, Ding Ruoxing wait Autonomous Models micro-capacitance sensor group multiple elements design energy storage system capacity configuration method [J] electric system Automation, 2013,37 (1):168-173), particularly in islet operation, energy-storage system is in stable DC busbar voltage peace It plays a significant role in terms of the supply and demand of balance system power, it is therefore desirable to strategy be taken to be controlled it.
Document (application [J] the Automation of Electric Systems of the firm multi-agent systems of Zhang Jian, Ai Qian, Wang Xin in micro-capacitance sensor, 2008,32(24):It 80-82) formulates to realize that generating efficiency maximum turns to the hierarchical coordinative Controlling model of target, but it is only studied The control design case of single micro-grid system, the microgrid groups formed for the sub- microgrid of multiple plan isolated islands do not make a concrete analysis of.Document (Lopes J,Moreira C L,Madureira A G.Defining control strategies for microgrids islanded operation[J].Power Systems,IEEE Transactions on,2006,21(2):916-924) Using hierarchical coordinative control strategy, upper strata central controller adjusts bottom distributed generation resource control according to system power supply/demand The working condition of device processed and load switching.(Zhou Niancheng, Jin Ming, Wang Qianggang wait more microgrid systems of series connection and parallel-connection structure to document System hierarchical coordinative control strategy [J] Automation of Electric Systems, 2013,37 (12):13-18) propose the contact of more micro-grid systems Linear heat generation rate and grid-connected the synchronized Coordinative Control strategy can reduce the difference in magnitude of closing switch both sides voltage, difference on the frequency and phase difference To locking range, however, this method need to be ground for more micro-grid systems operation control comprising more than two plan isolated islands Study carefully.But the also rare coordination control being related under different operating statuses between multiple sub- micro-grid systems of existing research, this is for more The normal operation of sub- micro-grid system and load high efficient and reliable power supply most important (Liang Che, Mohammad Shahidehpour.DC Microgrids:Economic Operation and Enhancement of Resilience By Hierarchical Control.IEEE Trans.on Smart Grid, 2014,5 (5):2517-2526).
Invention content
The problem of being controlled the present invention be directed to the coordination between sub- micro-grid systems multiple under different operating statuses, it is proposed that a kind of Direct-current grid group's energy storage optimization and control method for coordinating, coordination control and energy storage optimization during for direct-current grid group's off-network Control, devises two layers of coordination control strategy and is controlled according to busbar voltage fluctuation range between each sub- microgrid and its and energy-accumulating power station Between parallel running.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of direct-current grid group energy storage optimization and control method for coordinating, multiple sub- microgrids Connected with large capacity energy-accumulating power station by dc bus, form direct-current micro-grid group, every sub- microgrid include distributed generation system, Low capacity energy-storage system and load are coordinated to control direct-current micro-grid group's stable operation using two layers, and bottom uses decentralised control:Son is micro- Distributed generation system uses MPPT to control photovoltaic with maximum power output electric energy in net;Low capacity energy-storage system in sub- microgrid Poewr control method is used to disconnect protecting with micro-capacitance sensor come automatic distribution load power demand and when reaching safe capacity limitation Energy storage;Load is connected to dc bus after carrying out power conversion directly or by DC/DC current transformers according to specific requirement;Energy storage electricity Each energy-storage units are segmented by size using the residual capacity difference of different energy-storage units in standing, and every section carries out obscuring sagging control Dynamic distribution load power, and busbar voltage caused by compensation droop control is controlled to fall by Voltage Feedback;
Top level control uses centralized Control:Controlled according to the busbar voltage fluctuation range of each sub- microgrid between each sub- microgrid and System operation is divided into 4 operating modes by the parallel running between energy-accumulating power station:1) direct-current micro-grid group off-grid operation and each son Microgrid independent operating;2) direct-current micro-grid group off-grid operation and how sub- microgrid parallel running;3) direct-current micro-grid group off-grid operation and son Microgrid and energy-accumulating power station parallel running;4) major network voltage stabilizing is exchanged when direct-current micro-grid group is incorporated into the power networks.
4 operating modes in the top level control, it is specific as follows:
Operating mode 1):Each sub- microgrid independence stable operation, each distributed generation system are sent out by MPPT control maximum powers Electricity, the low capacity energy-storage system in sub- micro-grid system is used for controlling each microgrid busbar voltage stable and balances its power supply and demand, small The power that capacity energy-storage system need to provide is:
Pbattery_x=Pload_x-PDG_x, Pbattery_xRepresent the charge and discharge electric work of x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system Rate, Pload_xRepresent bearing power in x-th of sub- microgrid, PDG_xRepresent the power generation work(of distributed generation system in x-th of sub- microgrid Rate;
Operating mode 2):Distributed generation system and low capacity energy-storage system cannot still meet load electricity consumption in each sub- microgrid When, busbar voltage fluctuation will exceed except allowed band, and the sub- microgrid of at this moment busbar voltage raising and Voltage Drop can pass through Breaker parallel running, each sub- microgrid meet following power-balance,
Wherein, u represents the number of the sub- microgrid of parallel running, and 1≤u≤3;
Operating mode 3):Balance system power supply and demand is still unable to after each sub- microgrid parallel running, busbar voltage has larger wave It is dynamic, microgrid and energy-accumulating power station parallel running, at this point, system meets following power-balance,
Wherein, PESSRepresenting the charge-discharge electric power of energy-accumulating power station, u represents the number of the sub- microgrid of parallel running, and 1≤u≤3, Under the pattern, energy-accumulating power station absorbs or releases power and carrys out control bus voltage stabilization, and energy-accumulating power station is using fuzzy droop control The charge and discharge electric equilibrium of each energy-storage units residual capacity SOC in energy-accumulating power station is compensated by introducing Voltage Feedback control by sagging Voltage Drop caused by control and disturbance;
Operating mode 4):Direct-current micro-grid group is connected by gird-connected inverter with exchanging major network, and exchange major network maintains at this time Busbar voltage is stable and charges to energy-accumulating power station and sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system, at this point, exchange major network need to provide each point Power demand except cloth electricity generation system,
Pgrid=Pload-PDG-Pbattery-PESS,
PDGFor the power generation general power of distributed generation system in direct-current micro-grid group, PloadLoad total work for direct-current micro-grid group Rate, PbatteryFor all sub- microgrid low capacity energy-storage system charge and discharge general powers, PESSRepresent the charge-discharge electric power of energy-accumulating power station, PgridRepresent that exchange major network changes performance number with microgrid flock-mate, each distributed generation system is carried out under MPPT controls by maximum power Power generation, each low capacity energy-storage system are in charged state if underfill.
The charge-discharge electric power of the sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system of the parallel running is controlled by following formula:
ζ=(bx)′Pbattery_x,
Wherein ζ is constant and -1≤ζ≤1, VdcFor DC bus-bar voltage, PDG_xWithIt is x-th of sub- microgrid respectively In each distributed generation system actual generation power and maximum power generation, u represent the sub- microgrid of parallel running number and 1≤u ≤ 3, u=1 during three sub- microgrid independent operatings,
Wherein, SOCx *And SOCxIt is reference value and the wink of x-th sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system state-of-charge respectively Duration, λ are constant,
In formula,WithThe minimum of respectively x-th sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system SOC and most Big safe capacity limitation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:Direct-current grid group energy storage optimization of the present invention and control method for coordinating, when multiple During sub- microgrid parallel running, to energy-storage system in each sub- microgrid used by control method can be according to the maximum of each energy-storage system Charge-discharge electric power and its remaining capacity SOC carry out adjust automatically power distribution, in this way, can be fluctuated simultaneously with smooth distribution formula generated output The safety of energy-storage system is improved while improving busbar voltage quality.When each sub- microgrid energy-storage system cannot effective buffer system System power is needed to be connected to energy-accumulating power station and carrys out control bus voltage stabilization for taking.To the charge and discharge control of energy-accumulating power station, this paper Fuzzy control is used to adjust the virtual impedance of each energy-storage units droop control device in energy-accumulating power station to realize different energy-storage units Between the automatic distribution of power and the balance of SOC, by being segmented to Indistinct Input, i.e., the SOC differences between different energy-storage units, And it fuzzy control is respectively adopted to the Indistinct Input of different range quilt can accelerate the balancing speed of SOC.In addition, using busbar electricity Pressure feedback, which falls the busbar voltage as caused by droop control, to be compensated, so as to improve busbar voltage quality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is micro-grid system structure chart;
Fig. 2 is present system control structure figure;
Fig. 3 is energy-storage system control structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is bus voltage feedback control structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is direct-current micro-grid group hierarchical coordinative control strategy figure of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is direct-current micro-grid group operating mode switching point hysteresis control method thereof figure of the present invention;
Fig. 7 a are the present invention using fuzzy SOC balance charts;
Fig. 7 b are the present invention not using fuzzy SOC balance charts;
Fig. 7 c be the present invention using bus voltage feedback and it is fuzzy when busbar voltage curve graph;
Fig. 7 d are the present invention not using bus voltage feedback but using fuzzy busbar voltage curve graph;
Fig. 8 a are the sub- 1 busbar voltage figure of microgrid of the present invention;
Fig. 8 b are the sub- 2 busbar voltage figure of microgrid of the present invention;
Fig. 8 c are the sub- 3 busbar voltage figure of microgrid of the present invention;
Fig. 8 d are energy storage power diagram in each sub- microgrid of the present invention;
Fig. 8 e are energy-accumulating power station power diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 f are the SOC figures of energy-storage units 1 in energy-accumulating power station of the present invention;
Fig. 8 g are the SOC figures of energy-storage units 2 in energy-accumulating power station of the present invention;
Fig. 9 a are the SOC figures of energy-storage units 1 in energy-accumulating power station of the present invention;
Fig. 9 b are the SOC figures of energy-storage units 2 in energy-accumulating power station of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The reliable and stable operation of microgrid group is controlled using two layers of coordination control strategy herein.Bottom uses decentralised control, the control System is lower use MPPT to control photovoltaic distributed electricity generation system with maximum power output electric energy, the low capacity energy storage system in sub- microgrid System breaks using improved Poewr control method come automatic distribution load power demand and when reaching safe capacity limitation with micro-capacitance sensor It opens that energy storage, load is protected to be connected to direct current after can carrying out power conversion directly or by DC/DC current transformers according to specific requirement Busbar.Each energy-storage units dynamically distribute load power using subsection fuzzy droop control strategy in energy-accumulating power station, and pass through voltage Busbar voltage caused by feedback control compensation droop control falls problem.Top level control uses centralized Control, the control strategy root It is controlled according to the busbar voltage fluctuation range of each sub- microgrid between each sub- microgrid and the parallel running between energy-accumulating power station.In addition, this System is divided into four operating modes by text according to simultaneously off-grid operation and the operating condition of each sub- microgrid, rational to select bottom control System strategy and top level control strategy make system energy automatic smoothing under different operating conditions switch and provide high quality electric energy.
The control method for coordinating designed herein is suitable for inclusion in the microgrid group of multiple sub- microgrids, for the ease of describing and emulating Analysis takes three sub- microgrids to probe into the interactive operation under different disturbances between how sub- microgrid here.Each sub- microgrid is respectively by being distributed The compositions such as formula electricity generation system, low capacity energy-storage system and load.Specific control structure is as shown in Fig. 2, shown in figure in sub- microgrid 1 For each distributed generation resource using MPPT algorithm utmostly using new energy, DC load uses Isobarically Control to improve power supply matter Amount, low capacity energy-storage system are fluctuated using droop control method come smooth generated output, and during different sub- microgrid parallel runnings, Respective low capacity energy-storage system is by parallel running, in this way under used droop control method, the low capacity of each sub- microgrid Energy-storage system can provide load electricity consumption according to respective maximum allowable power into same ratio.Structure and control in sub- microgrid 2 and 3 Method is and sub- microgrid 1 is identical.In addition, three sub- microgrids are connected with large capacity energy-accumulating power station by dc bus, so as to form Direct-current micro-grid group.
In various operating statuses, PDG_x, x=1,2,3 represent x-th of sub- microgrid in distributed generation system power generation work( Rate, PDGFor the power generation general power of distributed generation system in microgrid group, andRepresent the Bearing power in x sub- microgrids, PloadFor the load general power of microgrid group, and Represent the charge-discharge electric power of x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system, PbatteryFor three sub- microgrid low capacity energy-storage systems Charge and discharge general power, and meetPESSRepresent the charge-discharge electric power of energy-accumulating power station, Udc_x,x =1,2,3 represent the busbar voltage of each sub- microgrid, UdcFor energy-accumulating power station terminal voltage, PgridRepresent that exchange major network is changed with microgrid flock-mate Performance number.
1st, direct-current micro-grid group operational mode:
Direct-current grid is usually operated at grid-connected and off-network two states, is transported herein according to connection in series-parallel between how sub- micro-grid system System operation is divided into 4 Working moulds by market condition and different external disturbance (such as distributed power generation power and load fluctuation) Formula:1) off-grid operation and each sub- microgrid independent operating;2) off-grid operation and how sub- microgrid parallel running;3) off-grid operation and son it is micro- Net and energy-accumulating power station parallel running;4) major network voltage stabilizing is exchanged when being incorporated into the power networks.
1) operating mode 1:
Under the operating mode, each sub- microgrid independence stable operation, each distributed generation system still controls maximum work by MPPT Rate generates electricity, and the low capacity energy-storage system in sub- micro-grid system is used for controlling each microgrid busbar voltage stable and balances the confession of its power It needs, the power that low capacity energy-storage system need to provide is
Pbattery_x=Pload_x-PDG_x (4)
2) operating mode 2:
When distributed generation system and low capacity energy-storage system cannot still meet load electricity consumption in each sub- microgrid, busbar voltage Fluctuation will exceed except allowed band, and the sub- microgrid of at this moment busbar voltage raising and Voltage Drop can pass through breaker and through transport Row.The pattern is conducive to balance the power supply and demand of each sub- microgrid.Each sub- microgrid meets following power-balance,
Wherein, u represents the number of the sub- microgrid of parallel running, and 1≤u≤3, can when multiple sub- microgrid parallel runnings It is effective to stablize busbar voltage, and reduce and be lost caused by Power Exchange frequent between energy-accumulating power station.
3) operating mode 3:
Balance system power supply and demand is still unable to after each sub- microgrid parallel running, busbar voltage has larger fluctuation, considers at this time By microgrid and energy-accumulating power station parallel running, hence into the pattern.At this point, system meets following power-balance
Wherein, u represents the number of the sub- microgrid of parallel running, and 1≤u≤3, and under the pattern, energy-accumulating power station is absorbed or released Power carrys out control bus voltage stabilization, and energy-accumulating power station is led to using the charge and discharge electric equilibrium of each energy-storage units SOC of fuzzy droop control The control of introducing Voltage Feedback is crossed to compensate the Voltage Drop as caused by droop control and disturbance.
4) operating mode 4:
Microgrid group is incorporated into the power networks at this time, and microgrid group is connected by gird-connected inverter (G-VSC) with exchanging major network, exchange master Net maintains busbar voltage stable and charges to energy-accumulating power station and sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system at this time.At this point, exchange major network Power demand except each distributed generation system need to be provided,
Pgrid=Pload-PDG-Pbattery-PESS (7)
Under the pattern, each distributed generation system generates electricity under MPPT controls by maximum power, each low capacity energy storage System is in charged state if underfill.
2nd, direct-current micro-grid group bottom control method:
For each distributed generation system using MPPT control power generations, DC load can be directly or using constant pressure in direct-current micro-grid Control connect power supply with dc bus through DC/DC current transformers.Low capacity energy-storage system is stablizing busbar voltage and balance system Power supply and demand etc. plays a key effect, and particularly in islet operation, it is steady that low capacity energy-storage system directly influences system Fixed operation and high quality power supply.
1) control strategy that low capacity energy-storage system uses in sub- microgrid:
The undulating value of busbar voltage determines the charge-discharge electric power of low capacity energy-storage system.Definition:
ζ=(Vdc)′ (8)
Wherein, wherein, ζ be constant and -1≤ζ≤1, DC bus-bar voltage Vdcζ can be obtained by following formula:
Wherein, PDG_xWithIt is each distributed generation system actual generation power and most in x-th of sub- microgrid respectively Big generated output, u represent the number and 1≤u≤3 of the sub- microgrid of parallel running, u=1 during three sub- microgrid independent operatings, in this way, (Vdc) ' between -1 to 1, during isolated island, if 0<(Vdc)′<Low capacity energy-storage system charging in 1 sub- microgrid of parallel running comes Surplus power is absorbed, if -1<(Vdc)′<Low capacity energy storage system discharges in 0 sub- microgrid of parallel running are electric to stablize busbar Pressure.
At this point, the sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system of parallel running can carry out charge and discharge as the following formula:
ζ=bxPbattery_x (10)
Wherein, Pbattery_xIt is bipolarity variable, represents the practical charge and discharge of x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system Power, positive value represent electric discharge, and negative value represents charging.bxSagging coefficient for x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system:
Wherein,For the maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power of x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system, ζ is normal Number, therefore each sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system can undertake according to equation (12) with respective maximum allowable power into same ratio Load electricity consumption.
But the electricity of energy-storage battery and charge power change with SOC and are changed, therefore can be as the following formula during actual motion (13) to bxIt is corrected.
Wherein, SOCx *And SOCxIt is reference value and the wink of x-th sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system state-of-charge respectively Duration.λ is constant, it can be seen that λ value is bigger, and influences of the SOC to energy-storage system charge-discharge electric power is bigger, and it is 1, SOC to take λ hereinx * It may be defined as:
In formula,WithThe minimum of respectively x-th sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system SOC and most Big safe capacity limitation.So far, the charge-discharge electric power of each energy-storage system can be controlled by following formula:
ζ=(bx)′Pbattery_x (15)
It can be seen that by analyzing above, when each sub- microgrid parallel running in microgrid group, respective energy-storage system can be pressed According to above-mentioned control method adjust automatically charge-discharge electric power.Specifically, energy-storage system charge power larger SOC is relatively small, put Electrical power is relatively large, and the smaller energy-storage systems of SOC are then opposite.In this way, the energy-storage system SOC that can balance each sub- microgrid is put down Weighing apparatus, and it is possible to prevente effectively from a certain sub- microgrid energy-storage system overcharging or cross put, so as to improve the safety of energy storage and be The stability of system.
2) control strategy that energy-accumulating power station uses:
The virtual impedance value of each energy-storage units droop control device in fuzzy control adjust automatically energy-accumulating power station is used herein, from And realize the automatic distribution between energy-storage units between charge-discharge electric power.Control method proposed in this paper is suitable for multigroup energy-storage units structure Into energy-accumulating power station system, to simplify the analysis, take two groups of energy-storage units herein.If Fig. 3 is energy-accumulating power station control structure figure, by mould The SOC differences of different energy-storage units are segmented by size in the input of fuzzy controllers, i.e. energy-accumulating power station, to different range The virtual impedance Rd that fuzzy control automatically adjusts each energy-storage units droop control device is respectively adopted in SOC differences, and energy-storage units use Droop control device detect bus voltage signal V as shown in Figure 2DCAnd it is stored up using the P-V characteristic adjust automaticallies difference of droop control The power distribution of energy unit.In addition, bus voltage feedback shown in Fig. 3 controls, by detecting busbar voltage and and reference voltage ratio Compared with controlling to obtain droop control device reference value V through PIrefDynamic calibration value Δ Vref, so as to female caused by droop control Line voltage, which is fallen, to be compensated, and improves quality of voltage.
A:Droop control:
The charge-discharge electric power balance of energy-storage units can be realized by droop control.Energy-storage units output voltage is:
VDC=Vref-ILi×Rdi (16)
Wherein, RdiI=1,2 be the virtual impedance of energy-storage units droop control device in energy-accumulating power station, VDCIt is dc bus Voltage, VrefIt is busbar reference voltage, ILiIt is the output current of energy-storage units current transformer in energy-accumulating power station.Each energy-storage units are sagging The virtual impedance Rd of controlleriIt is larger to be worth smaller energy-storage units charge-discharge electric power, therefore, the SOC for taking different energy-storage units is poor Value is adjusted the virtual impedance of each energy-storage units droop control device by fuzzy control, can realize each storage as Indistinct Input The automatic distribution of energy-storage units charge-discharge electric power in energy power station.Specifically, the energy-storage units relatively low to SOC, pass through reduction Its RdiValue increases its charge power, and when electric discharge then adjusts reduces its discharge power to higher value.Vice versa.
The control strategy of the energy-accumulating power station is suitable for multigroup energy-storage units, probes into energy storage using two groups of energy-storage units here The real balance effect of cell S OC.MPPT control under, distributed generation system can be considered constant-power power source (CPS, Constant power source), the value of the virtual impedance Rd of energy-storage units droop control device can be added by following equation Energy storage charge-discharge electric power is avoided more than its maximum permissible value to limit.
In formula, RdeqIt is the equivalent virtual of the droop control device of energy-storage units when distributed generation system is considered as constant power source Resistance, RloadFor load resistance.Since the generated output and busbar voltage of each distributed generation system are just, to pass through in this way Formula (17) can solve the value range of Rd.
B:Subsection fuzzy controls:
SOC differences between different energy-storage units are segmented, fuzzy control is respectively adopted to different size of SOC differences Adjust the virtual impedance value of each energy-storage units droop control device.Specifically, when SOC differences are larger, by the void of each energy-storage units Intend impedance differences increase to accelerate the balancing speed of SOC, and when SOC differences are smaller, then need to reduce the virtual of each energy-storage units Impedance differences even eliminate SOC steady-state deviations to reduce.Therefore, by the way that SOC differences are segmented by size, can quickly have SOC differences between the different energy-storage units of balance of effect, so that it is guaranteed that energy-storage system is securely and reliably powered.Specific simulation analysis will be Lower section provides.
C:Bus voltage feedback controls:
The above method is based on droop control, therefore the problem of busbar voltage can be brought to fall, and falls for the busbar voltage, As shown in figure 4, introduce feedback compensation control, become by be dynamically added to each energy-storage units of the compensation rate for exporting PI controllers Stream device is obscured on the reference voltage level of droop control device, the automatic compensation to busbar voltage is realized, so as to draw to droop control The Voltage Drop risen is controlled.
3rd, direct-current micro-grid group top level control method:
Used direct-current grid group includes multigroup sub- microgrid and energy-accumulating power station, and parallel running can be between multiple sub- microgrids Between effective balance system power be full of it is scarce, so as to improve the stability of system.Particularly, as how sub- microgrid parallel running mother Line voltage can be connect when being still unsatisfactory for power reguirements with energy-accumulating power station System power supply and demand.But frequent power conversion will increase power attenuation and generate humorous between sub- microgrid and between energy-accumulating power station The problems such as wave pollutes, therefore, it is necessary to take measures to be controlled the switching of its different operational mode, so as to reliable in high quality Power attenuation is reduced under the premise of power supply as far as possible.
The voltage layered approach that uses herein is as shown in figure 5, busbar voltage variable quantity (Δ V according to each sub- microgriddc) come The switching of control system operating mode, in order to avoid frequent transitions between operating mode in operational process, as shown in fig. 6, switching Hysteresis control is used at point.Switching threshold voltage U hereint1And Ut25V and 10V is taken respectively.Wherein, S=1,2,3 represent respectively System be in the 1st, 2,3 operational modes.
4th, sample calculation analysis:
In order to verify the validity of how sub- microgrid coordination control strategy proposed in this paper optimized based on energy storage, Simulation model as shown in Figure 1 has been built in Matlab/Simulink.3 groups of DC micro power grid systems are used in emulation, each son is micro- Net busbar voltage is 380V, and sets the disturbances such as illumination or wind speed variation respectively to it.Energy-accumulating power station is using capacity 4.5Kwh, state-of-charge are respectively 69.2% and 70% two groups of energy-storage units.In emulation DC load operating voltage 380V or It powers after the transformation of DC/DC current transformers.
The validity that this paper control strategies control above-mentioned four kinds of operating modes, selective analysis are verified by simulation analysis Between sub- microgrid and with energy-accumulating power station parallel running characteristic.Particularly, when how sub- microgrid parallel running, respective energy-storage system can Control method according to use is limited according to respective charge-discharge electric power and SOC carries out charge and discharge into same ratio, so as to effectively carry The safety and reliability of energy-storage system in high sub- microgrid.In addition, the fuzzy self-adaption droop control used to energy-accumulating power station Power distribution that can be in maximum charge-discharge electric power allowed band between adjust automatically energy-storage units, can be with Fast-Balance SOC.For Busbar voltage falls problem caused by droop control, is controlled by introducing reference voltage feedback compensation amount, it can be achieved that high-quality Amount power supply simultaneously improves system stability.Each major parameter uses famous value in emulation.
1) generatrix voltage compensation control simulation analysis:
In order to verify that energy-accumulating power station control strategy dynamically distributes load power and the validity of generatrix voltage compensation, build Light stores up direct-current grid simulation model, and simulation architecture uses Fig. 1 neutrons microgrid 3.Specifically, energy storage in sub- microgrid 3 is controlled into plan Slightly fall using the adaptive droop control of subsection fuzzy and using voltage close loop feedback to compensate busbar voltage.Simulation analysis respectively The sagging coefficient of energy-storage units droop control devices takes constant, using the adaptive droop control of subsection fuzzy and using fuzzy control And the practical control of the counterbalance effect of two groups of energy-storage units SOC and busbar voltage in the case of three kinds is controlled using generatrix voltage compensation Effect.In addition, other simulation parameters and control method as above section described in, repeat no more.
As shown in fig. 7, in simulation process, photovoltaic system generated output in 2s and 4s is reduced and is increased respectively, at this moment Energy-storage system stablizes busbar voltage by charge and discharge control.Fig. 7 a and 7b are to use fuzzy self-adaption droop control under respectively Two energy-storage units SOC counterbalance effect figures when vertical coefficient takes definite value.Two energy-storage units are can be seen that in charge and discharge process from Fig. 7 a In being capable of adjust automatically its charge-discharge electric power so that the smaller energy-storage units charge powers of SOC are larger and discharge power is smaller, Vice versa, it is achieved thereby that between different energy-storage units SOC Fast-Balance.It can be seen that from Fig. 7 b and determine when sagging coefficient takes During value, two energy-storage units averagely undertake bearing power, and can not realize the balance of SOC.Fig. 7 c and 7d are using busbar electricity respectively Busbar voltage when pressing feedback compensation and not using generatrix voltage compensation, and both using fuzzy control come adjust automatically energy storage The sagging coefficient of droop control device, therefore its SOC counterbalance effect is still as shown in Figure 7a.Compare Fig. 7 c and 7d and can be seen that and ought adopt During with generatrix voltage compensation, when external disturbance occurs, busbar voltage fluctuation is small, and enters quality of voltage height after stable state.
It being capable of Fast-Balance difference energy-storage units using the adaptive droop control of subsection fuzzy it can be seen from analyzing above Between SOC, when being controlled using generatrix voltage compensation, busbar voltage caused by droop control can be fallen and compensate, improve Busbar voltage quality.Have while energy-storage system security reliability is improved so as to demonstrate energy storage control method proposed in this paper Effect improves power quality.
2) microgrid group analysis on Operating:
Each distributed generation resource is generated electricity using MPPT control maximum powers in the emulation, and energy-storage system is by most in each sub- microgrid Big charge-discharge electric power limits, and two energy-accumulating power station SOC are respectively 69.2% and 70% in energy-accumulating power station.Mainly each sub- microgrid is probed into Independent operating, the parallel running by breaker parallel running and with energy-accumulating power station.By the how sub- microgrid of simulation analysis and with storage The interaction in energy power station is demonstrated under this paper control strategies, and reliable and stable run of microgrid group energy simultaneously can effectively improve quality of voltage.
When emulation starts, in sub- microgrid energy storage limit by maximum charge-discharge electric power, when relatively high power fluctuation generation, may draw Larger busbar voltage is played to fall.As shown in Fig. 8 a, 8b, 8c, each sub- microgrid busbar voltage be respectively about 380.1V, 355V and 386V, wherein subnet 2 and 3 busbar voltage fluctuation of subnet have exceeded threshold value Ut1And Ut2, therefore subnet 2 and 3 is simultaneously in 0.5s Through transport row, subnet 1 still keep islet operation.It is about 371V as can be seen that its busbar voltage makes moderate progress from 8b, 8c, but Still exceed threshold voltage Ut1, and the charge-discharge electric power of energy-storage system as shown in figure 8d, can be seen in each sub- microgrid in this process After going out 3 parallel running of subnet 2 and subnet, energy-storage system can be according to respective maximum charge-discharge electric power and to consider that SOC comes automatic Its power distribution is adjusted, therefore effectively raises the safety of energy-storage system.In 1s subnet 2 and 3 by with energy-accumulating power station Its busbar voltage is stablized in parallel running, it is in parallel after busbar voltage be restored to about 378.8V, meet design requirement.Meanwhile son 2 generated output of microgrid increase, energy-storage system because exceed its design charge-discharge electric power range due to be unable to active balance system power Supply and demand, therefore voltage is significantly increased, about 400V.In 1.5s, three subnets and energy-accumulating power station parallel running, extra electric energy For charging to energy-accumulating power station, at this moment each subnet busbar voltage is each about 379.2V, and fluctuation range is small, substantially meets high quality confession The requirement of electricity.Each sub- microgrid generated output restores normal during 2.0s, therefore energy-accumulating power station and each sub- microgrid disconnect respectively independent fortune Row, it can be seen that each subnet busbar voltage can preferably be stablized in 380V or so, system under the regulation and control of its corresponding energy-storage system Safe power supply.
It is worth noting that, in above process, energy-accumulating power station is moved back in 1.0s with microgrid group's parallel running, when 2.0s Go out.In this process, two energy-storage units of energy-accumulating power station are according to used control method, as shown in Fig. 8 f, 8g, quickly Both balances SOC, specifically, during electric discharge, energy-storage units larger/small adjustment SOC are to larger/small discharge power, and vice versa. In addition, use bus voltage feedback compensating control method can busbar voltage caused by effective compensation droop control fall.This Sample, while safe and reliable power supply is ensured, SOC that can be between Fast-Balance energy-storage units is simultaneously effectively improved busbar voltage matter Amount.
3) energy-accumulating power station charge characteristic is analyzed when being incorporated into the power networks:
Main simulation analysis energy-accumulating power station with sub- microgrid parallel running and with exchange major network parallel running during Charge characteristic.Energy-accumulating power station is using two groups of the energy-storage units that SOC is respectively 69.2% and 70%.
Fig. 9 a, 9b are respectively the SOC figures of two energy-storage units of energy-accumulating power station, microgrid group, energy-accumulating power station and friendship during 0-1.0s Flow major network parallel running, at this time microgrid group and exchange major network jointly to energy-accumulating power station charging, and at two energy unit charge power press Its SOC is distributed automatically.In 1.0-2.0s, energy-accumulating power station with exchange major network connection and and microgrid group disconnect, at this time Since only exchange major network charges to power station, charge power can be slowed down.During 2.0s, exchange major network breaks with energy-accumulating power station Open connection.
It can be seen that in each operational mode handoff procedure from Fig. 9 a, 9b, system equal energy under used control method Smooth quick response, so that it is guaranteed that energy-storage system is securely and reliably powered.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of direct-current grid group energy storage optimization and control method for coordinating, which is characterized in that multiple sub- microgrids and large capacity storage Energy power station is connected by dc bus, forms direct-current grid group, every sub- microgrid includes distributed generation system, low capacity stores up Energy system and load are coordinated to control direct-current grid group's stable operation using two layers, and bottom uses decentralised control:Divide in sub- microgrid Cloth electricity generation system uses MPPT to control photovoltaic with maximum power output electric energy;Low capacity energy-storage system in sub- microgrid uses work( Rate control method carrys out automatic distribution load power demand and disconnects protecting energy storage with sub- microgrid when reaching safe capacity limitation;It is negative Lotus is connected to dc bus after carrying out power conversion directly or by DC/DC current transformers according to specific requirement;It is each in energy-accumulating power station Energy-storage units are segmented by size using the residual capacity difference of different energy-storage units, and every section carries out fuzzy droop control dynamic Distribution load power, and busbar voltage caused by compensation droop control is controlled to fall by Voltage Feedback;
Top level control uses centralized Control:Controlled according to the busbar voltage fluctuation range of each sub- microgrid between each sub- microgrid and with storage Parallel running between energy power station, 4 operating modes are divided by system operation:1) direct-current grid group off-grid operation and each son is micro- Net independent operating;2) direct-current grid group off-grid operation and how sub- microgrid parallel running;3) direct-current grid group off-grid operation and Sub- microgrid and energy-accumulating power station parallel running;4) major network voltage stabilizing is exchanged when direct-current grid group is incorporated into the power networks;
4 operating modes in the top level control, it is specific as follows:
Operating mode 1):Each sub- microgrid independence stable operation, each distributed generation system are generated electricity by MPPT control maximum powers, son Low capacity energy-storage system in microgrid is used for controlling each sub- microgrid busbar voltage stable and balances its power supply and demand, low capacity energy storage The power that system need to provide is:Pbattery_x+Pload_x=PDG_x, Pbattery_xRepresent x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system Charge-discharge electric power, Pload_xRepresent load power in x-th of sub- microgrid, PDG_xRepresent distributed power generation system in x-th of sub- microgrid The generated output of system;
Operating mode 2):When distributed generation system and low capacity energy-storage system cannot still meet load electricity consumption in each sub- microgrid, Busbar voltage fluctuation will exceed except allowed band, and the sub- microgrid of at this moment busbar voltage raising and Voltage Drop can pass through open circuit Device parallel running, each sub- microgrid meet following power-balance,
Wherein, u represents the number of the sub- microgrid of parallel running, and 1≤u≤3;
Operating mode 3):Balance system power supply and demand is still unable to after each sub- microgrid parallel running, there is larger fluctuation in busbar voltage, Sub- microgrid and energy-accumulating power station parallel running, at this point, system meets following power-balance,
Wherein, PESSRepresent the charge-discharge electric power of energy-accumulating power station, u represents the number of the sub- microgrid of parallel running, and 1≤u≤3, the mould Under formula, energy-accumulating power station absorbs or releases power and carrys out control bus voltage stabilization, and energy-accumulating power station is using fuzzy droop control energy storage The charge and discharge electric equilibrium of each energy-storage units residual capacity in power station is compensated by droop control and is disturbed by introducing Voltage Feedback control Voltage Drop caused by dynamic;
Operating mode 4):Direct-current grid group is connected by gird-connected inverter with exchanging major network, and exchange major network remains female at this time Line voltage is stable and charges to energy-accumulating power station and sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system, at this point, exchange major network need to provide each distribution Power demand except formula electricity generation system,
Pgrid=PDG-Pload-Pbattery-PESS,
PDGFor the power generation general power of distributed generation system in direct-current grid group, PloadLoad total work for direct-current grid group Rate, PbatteryFor all sub- microgrid low capacity energy-storage system charge and discharge general powers, PESSRepresent the charge-discharge electric power of energy-accumulating power station, PgridRepresent that exchange major network changes performance number with direct-current grid flock-mate, each distributed generation system presses maximum work under MPPT controls Rate generates electricity, and each low capacity energy-storage system is in charged state if underfill;
The charge-discharge electric power of the sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system of the parallel running is controlled by following formula:
ζ=(bx)′Pbattery_x,
Wherein ζ is constant and -1≤ζ≤1, VdcFor DC bus-bar voltage, PDG_xWithIt is to divide in x-th of sub- microgrid respectively Cloth electricity generation system actual generation power and maximum power generation, the number and 1≤u≤3 of the u expression sub- microgrids of parallel running, three U=1 during a sub- microgrid independent operating,
Wherein, SOCx *And SOCxIt is the reference value and instantaneous value of x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system state-of-charge respectively, λ is constant,
The sagging coefficient of x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system
In formula,For the maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power of x-th of sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system,
In formula,WithThe minimum of respectively x-th sub- microgrid Small And Medium Capacity energy-storage system state-of-charge and most Big safe capacity limitation.
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