CN105511180A - 液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法 - Google Patents

液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法 Download PDF

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CN105511180A
CN105511180A CN201610125155.7A CN201610125155A CN105511180A CN 105511180 A CN105511180 A CN 105511180A CN 201610125155 A CN201610125155 A CN 201610125155A CN 105511180 A CN105511180 A CN 105511180A
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liquid crystal
pix
sub
crystal panel
pixel electrode
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CN105511180B (zh
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高健
董学
陈小川
王倩
赵文卿
王海生
卢鹏程
杨明
牛小辰
王磊
许睿
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/086390 priority patent/WO2017148048A1/zh
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/294—Variable focal length devices
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    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法，涉及显示领域，可以减少偏光片数量，增加显示器件的透过率，提高显示器件光效。本发明的液晶面板，包括：上基板、下基板，夹设于上、下基板之间的液晶，以及设于所述下基板外侧的偏光片；所述上基板上设置有公共电极；所述下基板的一个亚像素对应区域内设置有多个可独立驱动的像素电极。

Description

液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法
技术领域
本发明涉及显示领域，尤其涉及一种液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法。
背景技术
液晶显示器由于零辐射、低功耗、散热小、体积小、图像还原精确、字符显示锐利等优点，已广泛替代了传统CRT显示装置。液晶面板是液晶显示器的关键部件，可以在很大程度上决定液晶显示器的亮度、对比度、色彩、可视角度，传统的液晶面板由通光方向上下垂直的偏光片和液晶组成，其显示原理为：下偏光片将自然光转换为线偏光，液晶通过电压驱动偏转状态不同，将线偏振转换为椭圆偏振光，上偏光片进行检偏，从而实现灰阶显示。该技术的不足之处在于，每通过一层偏光片都会有50％以上的光效损失，光学透过率较低。
发明内容
本发明提供一种液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法，可以减少偏光片数量，增加显示器件的透过率，提高显示器件光效。
为达到上述目的，本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案：
一种液晶面板，包括：上基板、下基板，夹设于上、下基板之间的液晶，以及设于所述下基板外侧的偏光片；所述上基板上设置有公共电极；所述下基板的一个亚像素对应区域内设置有多个可独立驱动的像素电极。
所述像素电极为条状电极。
所述像素电极为透明导电材料制成。
所述亚像素为红、绿、蓝亚像素。
所述上基板包括：第一配向膜，所述第一配向膜设置于所述公共电极之上。
所述下基板包括第二配向膜，所述第二配向膜设置于所述像素电极之上。
一种显示装置，包括：上述任一项所述的液晶面板。
一种上述显示装置的显示方法，包括：显示黑画面时，在对应于同一亚像素的各像素电极上施加依次递增的像素电压或依次递减的像素电压，使所述亚像素区域内的光程与棱镜等效，并且等效棱镜的倾斜度使入射光线的入射角大于全反射临界角；灰阶显示时，通过改变亚像素对应的各像素电极上的像素电压，使所述亚像素区域内的光程与凸透镜或凹透镜等效，并且等效透镜的焦距大小与所述亚像素的灰阶对应，从而控制出射光束发散角，进而控制亚像素亮度。
本发明提供一种液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法，在上基板设置有公共电极，下基板的一个亚像素对应区域内设置多个可独立驱动的像素电极，上、下基板之间存在液晶，如果在亚像素的各像素电极上施加不同的电压，各像素电极上方对应液晶的偏转程度不同，对应光程也存在不同，通过调整亚像素的各像素电极上的电压，可使亚像素对应区域内的液晶等效于一透镜(光程上等效)，通过改变等效透镜的焦距，可实现对出射光束发散程度的控制，进而实现对亚像素亮度的控制，而亚像素的亮度与显示灰阶对应。可见，本发明的液晶面板、显示装置以及显示方法，其显示原理并不需要像现有技术那样需要上基板侧的偏光片进行配合，因而可以减少偏光片数量，增加显示器件的透过率，提高显示器件光效。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的液晶面板的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的液晶面板的一个亚像素对应的电极结构和液晶初始状态的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中亚像素等效成凹透镜的示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中亚像素等效成凸透镜的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中一个亚像素中光程的分布示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中亚像素等效成棱镜的示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中一个亚像素等效成多个棱镜的示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的显示面板的工作示意图。
附图标记
10-上基板，11-第一配向膜，12-公共电极，13-上玻璃基板，
20-下基板，21-像素电极，22-第二配向膜，23-下玻璃基板，
201-亚像素对应区域，30-液晶，40-偏光片，50-背光源。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
本发明实施例提供一种液晶面板，如图1和图2所示，包括：上基板10、下基板20，夹设于上、下基板之间的液晶30，以及设于下基板20外侧的偏光片40；上基板10上设置有公共电极12；下基板20的一个亚像素对应区域201内设置有多个可独立驱动的像素电极21。
本实施例图1所示的液晶面板附上背光源50即可进行显示，背光源50出射光为图1所示的准直光束，偏光片40其透过轴方向与液晶初始状态的长轴方向平行，例如，如图1中所示，经过偏光片40后出射的偏振光经过液晶盒时，其不同的液晶偏转状态对应不同的折射率，若液晶长轴方向与出射光偏振方向平行，此时光束在液晶盒内的折射率为ne；若液晶长轴方向与出射光偏振方向垂直，此时光束在液晶盒内的折射率为no，其中ne＞no；液晶长轴方向与出射光偏振方向介于平行与垂直之间，光束在液晶盒传播中还有介于ne和no之间的多种折射率。
上基板10、下基板20和液晶30组成液晶盒，一种可选的电极结构和一种可选的液晶初始状态如图2所示。上基板10上设置有公共电极12，下基板20的一个亚像素对应区域201内设置有多个可独立驱动的像素电极21，例如一个亚像素对应区域201内设置有5个可独立驱动的像素电极U1～U5，如果通过对电极U3施加一个较大的电压，电极U2和U4施加较小的电压，电极U1和U5施加更小的电压或者不施加电压，可形成图1所示的液晶状态。该种液晶状态可使光线通过液晶盒一个亚像素不同位置的光程情况与光线通过一定焦距的普通凹透镜时的光程相等，根据光学知识，此时液晶盒的液晶结构等效于一个凹透镜阵列。一个亚像素对应一个等效液晶透镜，利用液晶透镜的焦距可控性，从而改变出射光束发散角，控制亮度(灰阶)。其中，发散角越小，光束能量密度越高，灰阶越大；发散角越大，光束能量密度越低，灰阶越小。
具体如图3、图4所示，为准直光束分别通过凹透镜或凸透镜后的出光状态，其出光发散角α与焦距f'的关系：其中，p为凹透镜或凸透镜的光学直径。由此可知，等效透镜的焦距直接影响着出光发散角的大小，因此改变焦距可改变出射光束发散角，从而控制灰阶。图中的F'为凹透镜或凸透镜的焦点。
下面给出等效透镜焦距与液晶盒的关系。如图5所示，以等效透镜为凸透镜为例，由等光程原理有：因为[(n1-n2)*d]2≈0，所以上式可简化为：其中no≤n2＜n1≤ne。其中，n1为对应透镜边缘的液晶折射率，n2为对应透镜中心的液晶折射率。对于凹透镜，其公式结论与凸透镜完全相同，在此不再赘述。
图6是本发明显示面板显示黑画面的原理，对电极U1到U5施加一个由大到小的电压，使液晶透镜等效于图6所示的棱镜，并且使光的入射角大于全反射临界角，最终光束全部产生反射，无光束透射，此时的等效棱镜对应的亚像素显示黑画面。
基于上述显示原理，本实施例中的液晶优选折射率变化范围大的，即ne和no差值相对较大的，可实现灰阶数目多，颜色层次看起来细致；也容易实现全黑显示。参照图2所示像素电极结构，如果一个亚像素区域201在显示黑画面时等效成一个小棱镜，等效棱镜可实现的左右边缘最大光程差为(ne–no)d，ne和no差值越大，等效棱镜的斜面越倾斜，同样入射条件下入射角越大，越容易满足全反射条件(容易实现全黑显示)。如果ne和no的差值不足够大，无法达到全反射条件，这时可以将一个亚像素区域201等效成多个小棱镜，如图7所示。相类似地，实现灰阶显示时，一个亚像素区域201也可以等效成多个小透镜。
本实施例对像素电极的形状，同一亚像素对应区域内多个像素电极如何具体排列并不做限定，但要求可以独立驱动，能够加载不同的电压。可选地，上述像素电极为条状电极。处于显示效果方面的考虑，一般要求一个亚像素内部的多个像素电极呈中心对称分布。
还需要说明的是，图2所示电极结构和液晶初始状态仅为一种可选方案，并不限于此。这里的液晶初始状态要求长轴与偏光片透光轴方向平行，例如还可以是：偏光片40其透过轴方向是与纸面垂直的方向，其配向膜(11、22)牟定的初始液晶长轴方向为与偏光片40透过轴平行的方向。这里也不限定本实施例所举的以上两种方向，液晶长轴初始状态可以为任意方向，只要与偏光片透过轴平行即可。
上述像素电极为透明导电材料制成。上述亚像素一般为红、绿、蓝亚像素，当然也不排除采用其它配色方案的情况下，存在除红、绿、蓝之外的其它亚像素。如图8所示，上述的亚像素为红、绿、蓝亚像素中的任一，显示面板包括多个像素，每一像素包括红、绿、蓝三种亚像素，每一种亚像素对应区域内设置多个可独立驱动的像素电极，通过控制亚像素对应区域内各像素电极上的加载电压大小，可以调节该亚像素液晶的等效透镜的焦距，进而控制该亚像素出射光束的发散程度，实现不同的灰阶显示。
上基板10还包括：第一配向膜11，所述第一配向膜11设置于公共电极12之上；下基板20包括第二配向膜22，第二配向膜22设置于像素电极21之上，填平像素电极21间的间隙。第一配向膜11和第二配向膜22为液晶分子提供统一的预设偏转状态(初始液晶长轴方向)。
本实施例显示面板显示时并不需要上基板侧的偏光片进行配合，因而可以节省一层偏光片，增加显示器件的透过率，最终能实现一种高光效的显示，它与传统的LCD显示相比，节省了一层偏光片，增加了显示器件的透过率，从而提高了光效。
本发明还提供一种显示装置，包括：上述任一项所述的液晶面板。所述显示装置由于去掉了一层偏光片，光效高、节能省电。所述显示装置可以为：电子纸、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
上述显示装置的显示方法，包括：显示黑画面时，在对应于同一亚像素的各像素电极上施加依次递增的像素电压或依次递减的像素电压，使述亚像素区域内的光程与棱镜等效，并且等效棱镜的倾斜度使入射光线的入射角大于全反射临界角；灰阶显示时，通过改变亚像素对应的各像素电极上的像素电压，使亚像素区域内的光程与凸透镜或凹透镜等效，并且等效透镜的焦距大小与所述亚像素的灰阶对应，从而控制出射光束发散角，进而控制亚像素亮度。
为了便于清楚说明，在本发明中采用了第一、第二等字样对相似项进行类别区分，该第一、第二字样并不在数量上对本发明进行限制，只是对一种优选的方式的举例说明，本领域技术人员根据本发明公开的内容，想到的显而易见的相似变形或相关扩展均属于本发明的保护范围内。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种液晶面板，其特征在于，包括：上基板、下基板，夹设于上、下基板之间的液晶，以及设于所述下基板外侧的偏光片；
所述上基板上设置有公共电极；
所述下基板的一个亚像素对应区域内设置有多个可独立驱动的像素电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶面板，其特征在于，所述像素电极为条状电极。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液晶面板，其特征在于，所述像素电极为透明导电材料制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的液晶面板，其特征在于，所述亚像素为红、绿、蓝亚像素。
5.根据权利要求1所述的液晶面板，其特征在于，所述上基板包括：第一配向膜，所述第一配向膜设置于所述公共电极之上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的液晶面板，其特征在于，所述下基板包括：第二配向膜，所述第二配向膜设置于所述像素电极之上。
7.一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括：权利要求1-6任一项所述的液晶面板。
8.一种权利要求7所述显示装置的显示方法，其特征在于，包括：
显示黑画面时，在对应于同一亚像素的各像素电极上施加依次递增的像素电压或依次递减的像素电压，使所述亚像素区域内的光程与棱镜等效，并且等效棱镜的倾斜度使入射光线的入射角大于全反射临界角；
灰阶显示时，通过改变亚像素对应的各像素电极上的像素电压，使所述亚像素区域内的光程与凸透镜或凹透镜等效，并且等效透镜的焦距大小与所述亚像素的灰阶对应，从而控制出射光束发散角，进而控制亚像素亮度。
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