CN1054950C

CN1054950C - A.C two-wire type switch of mutual inductor for autogenous electric power supply

Info

Publication number: CN1054950C
Application number: CN94112284A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翁天禄
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: SHANGHAI CHENGJIA ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date: 1994-08-27
Filing date: 1994-08-27
Publication date: 2000-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 2014-08-27
Also published as: CN1118121A

Abstract

The present invention provides two AC two-wire switch circuit schemes. In the schemes of the present invention, transformers are used for forming self generation power supplies. The present invention fundamentally changes self generation power supply establishment methods in the prior art for reducing additional on-state pressure drop and the additional off-state current in multiples, and the present invention has the conspicuous effect under the heavy current loading condition. In addition, additional overload singles can conveniently form overload protection. Switches can not work under the nonsinusoidal wave power supply condition, and various self generation power supplies can be established, so the inside of the switches can easily adapt to various control circuits and control modes. The present invention initiates a novel development direction for AC two-wire switches.

Description

Authigenic power supply uses the AC two-conductor switch of instrument transformer

The present invention relates to the AC two-conductor switch circuit of two kinds of similar, this switching circuit has only two splicing ears, and it with in the series connection form incoming transport circuit, is applicable to the break-make of control load.

AC two-conductor switch is made up of electronic component.The break-make of switch, i.e. the break-make of the operating current of load is to rely on the conducting of the two-way main circuit current assembly of appellation and end and finish.Two-way main circuit current assembly mainly is made up of transistor or thyristor, therefore, this switch is the same with other noncontacting switch, exist on-state voltage drop and off state current that conduction voltage drop and cut-off leakage current by transistor or thyristor cause, existing this on-state voltage drop and intrinsic on-state voltage drop of off state current appellation and intrinsic off state current.

Though AC two-conductor switch is a kind of known technology, but prior art and non-two wires form noncontacting switch are relatively, except the simplest form, owing to need authigenic power supply, the on-state voltage drop and the off state current of switch obviously increase, especially on-state voltage drop is several times as much as intrinsic on-state voltage drop, and its application is restricted.

As the AC two-conductor switch that control switch uses, its inside is provided with control circuit, by the power supply of authigenic power supply as control circuit.Different with non-two wires form, authigenic power supply can not directly obtain through conversion from AC power, but from the on-state voltage drop that increases switch and off state current, obtain, existing the increment of this on-state voltage drop and off state current, appellation is added on-state voltage drop and additional off state current.

Two-way main circuit current assembly by or the situation of conducting under, the production method difference of authigenic power supply.When two-way main circuit current assembly ended, prior art all was to obtain authigenic power supply by load through bridge rectifier from AC power, and therefore, additional off state current equals the output current of authigenic power supply at least.When two-way main circuit current assembly conducting, prior art produces authigenic power supply two kinds of methods: first kind is to seal in voltage-stabiliser tube in major loop, voltage on the main dependence voltage-stabiliser tube obtains authigenic power supply, though this method can obtain stable authigenic power supply, but under the large current load condition, the power consumption of voltage-stabiliser tube is very big; Second method is that the main circuit current assembly uses thyristor, and thyristor is in non-fully conducting state, and one section cut-off region after the dependence thyristor current flows zero passage produces authigenic power supply, so this method is difficult to avoid the distortion of load waveform.Above-mentioned two kinds of methods are to obtain more stable authigenic power supply, and additional on-state voltage drop equals authigenic power supply voltage at least, if authigenic power supply voltage is 5 volts, additional on-state voltage drop just is several times as much as intrinsic on-state voltage drop.

The objective of the invention is to start new direction of development of AC two-conductor switch, fundamentally change the method that prior art is set up authigenic power supply, realize the thing that prior art can't be finished, and AC two-conductor switch can be reached:

The first, compared with prior art, reduce additional on-state voltage drop and additional off state current exponentially, especially under the large current load condition, effect is more remarkable.

The second, subsidiary overload signal can provide overload protection easily.

The 3rd, can be under various non-sinusoidal waveform Power Supplies Condition operate as normal.

The 4th, can set up multiple authigenic power supply, make switch inside be easy to adapt to various control circuits and control mode.

Describe the present invention below with reference to each drawings and Examples, wherein:

Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 illustrates six kinds of circuit diagrams of the two-way main circuit current assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is first kind of scheme circuit diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is second kind of scheme circuit diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 9 illustrates the detailed circuit diagram of first embodiment of the invention.

Figure 10 illustrates the detailed circuit diagram of second embodiment of the invention.

Figure 11 illustrates the detailed circuit diagram of third embodiment of the invention.

Figure 12 illustrates the detailed circuit diagram of fourth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 13 illustrates the detailed circuit diagram of fifth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 14 illustrates the detailed circuit diagram of sixth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 15 illustrates the detailed circuit diagram of seventh embodiment of the invention.

Among Fig. 1, two-way main circuit current assembly is a bidirectional thyristor, has two main electrode T1 and T2 and a control utmost point G1, and control signal is imported between G1 and T1.Among Fig. 2, this assembly is made up of a unidirectional thyristor and four diodes.Among Fig. 3, this assembly is made up of bipolar transistor and four diodes.Among Fig. 4, this assembly is made up of V-type groove MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) memory (VMOS) and four diodes.Among Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, all have two main electrode T1 and T2 and two control utmost point G1 and G2, because the symmetry of circuit, the position of T1 and T2 can exchange, and control signal can be imported between G1 and G2, also can import between G1 and T1.Among Fig. 5, this assembly is made up of two bidirectional thyristors and a resistance, has two main electrode T1 and T2 and two control utmost point G1 and G2, and control signal is imported between G1 and G2.Among Fig. 6, this assembly is become with a two-way photoelectricity thyristor groups by a light-emitting diode, has two main electrode T1 and T2 and two control utmost point G1 and G2, and control signal is imported between G1 and G2.

Fig. 7 is first kind of scheme circuit diagram of the present invention.Among the figure, terminals P and P ' are two splicing ears of AC two-conductor switch, insert in the alternating current circuit of being made up of AC power and load.Authigenic power supply is made up of instrument transformer H1 and regulator rectifier circuit, wherein H1 has three coil L1, L2 and L3, coil L1 be connected to P and P ' after impedance Z is connected, the end of coil L2 is connected with the main electrode T2 (or T1) of two-way main circuit current assembly, the other end of coil L2 and main electrode T1 (or T2) also are connected to P and P ', coil L3 is connected to the input of regulator rectifier circuit, the output voltage of regulator rectifier circuit is exactly an authigenic power supply voltage, power supply as control circuit, therefore, the output of regulator rectifier circuit is connected to the power end of control circuit.The output of control circuit is connected to the control utmost point G1 and the G2 of two-way main circuit current assembly, and the control signal of control circuit output is controlled the conducting of two-way main circuit current assembly by G1 and G2 and ended.In the circuit of Fig. 7, two-way main circuit current assembly can use any among Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, but, owing to do not have the G2 terminal among Fig. 1, if use as the two-way main circuit current assembly of Fig. 1, should be the lead-in wire access T1 terminal that is connected to the G2 terminal.

Circuit for Fig. 7, authigenic power supply has following two kinds of production methods: when two-way main circuit current assembly ends, coil L1 among the instrument transformer H1 is by impedance Z and load and AC power formation loop, in coil L1, there is certain electric current to flow through, this electric current is exactly additional off state current, now as the input current of instrument transformer H1, then on secondary coil L3, generate voltage, this voltage behind rectifying and voltage-stabilizing as authigenic power supply, at this moment, the cut-off leakage current of having only transistor or thyristor among the coil L2, its influence can be ignored; When two-way main circuit current assembly conducting, flow through the operating current of load among the coil L2, then the induced potential on coil L3 is equally behind regulator rectifier circuit, as authigenic power supply, at this moment, from the angle of current transformer, coil L1 is equivalent to two by a different impedances winding in parallel mutually with coil L2, but the impedance phase on this road of coil L1 is to very big, the electric current that actual flow is crossed among the coil L1 is very little, its influence can be ignored, and at this moment, additional on-state voltage drop is the voltage on the coil L2.

For the circuit of Fig. 7, authigenic power supply has solved the power supply of two wiretap internal control circuits and has supplied with, and like this, just can carry out break-make control to load according to the control mode of control circuit.

Fig. 8 is second kind of scheme circuit diagram of the present invention.Among the figure, terminal Q and Q ' are two splicing ears of AC two-conductor switch, insert in the alternating current circuit of being made up of AC power and load.Authigenic power supply is by instrument transformer H2 and rectification circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit and diode D and resistance R are formed, wherein instrument transformer H2 has two coil L4 and L5, the end of coil L4 is connected with two-way main circuit current assembly main electrode T2, the other end of coil L4 and terminal Q and resistance R, one end of the series circuit that diode D forms connects, a lead-out terminal of the other end of this series circuit and rectification circuit, the input terminal three of voltage stabilizing circuit connects, the common junction of another lead-out terminal of rectification circuit and voltage stabilizing circuit, the common junction of control circuit, main electrode T1 and terminal Q ' connect.Coil L5 is connected to the input of rectification circuit, and the output voltage of voltage stabilizing circuit is exactly an authigenic power supply voltage, and as the power supply of control circuit, therefore, the output of voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the power supply terminal of control circuit.The lead-out terminal of control circuit is connected to two-way main circuit current assembly control utmost point G1, and the control signal that changes with respect to common junction is controlled the conducting of two-way main circuit current assembly by control utmost point G1 and ended.Two-way main circuit current assembly can use any among Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, and terminal G2 need not when using the assembly of Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.

Circuit for Fig. 8, authigenic power supply has two kinds of production methods: when two-way main circuit current assembly ends, AC power forms the loop by two lead-out terminals of load and diode D, resistance R and rectification circuit, on rectification circuit output end, produce direct voltage, this voltage behind voltage stabilizing circuit as authigenic power supply; When two-way main circuit current assembly conducting, what flow through among the coil L4 is the operating current of load, and this electric current is as the input current of instrument transformer H2, then after the induced potential on the secondary coil L5 is through rectification circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit as authigenic power supply.For the circuit of Fig. 8, additional on-state voltage drop is the voltage on the coil L4, and additional off state current is the half-wave rectified current that flows through diode D.

Among Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the parameter of instrument transformer H1 and H2 decides according to the method for designing of protective current transformer.For instrument transformer H1, coil L1 and coil L2 are two windings, and coil L3 is a secondary winding.The operating current that the input current of coil L2 is load, the input current of coil L1 can change by character and the size that changes impedance Z.If two wiretaps under the break-make two states, to authigenic power supply require identically, then the number of ampere turns of coil L1 should be identical with the number of ampere turns of coil L2.Determine the size of the secondary output voltage on the coil L3, determine that with regulator rectifier circuit the method for input ac voltage size is identical, here should decide according to the form of authigenic power supply voltage and capacity requirement and regulator rectifier circuit.For instrument transformer H2, coil L4 is a winding, and coil L5 is a secondary winding.The operating current that the input current of coil L4 is load.Definite method of the secondary output voltage size on the coil L5, identical with above-mentioned coil L3, no longer repeat.

Shown in Fig. 9 is an embodiment detailed circuit diagram of first kind of scheme of the present invention.This circuit is a TW two wire temperature detect switch (TDS), and P1 and P1 ' are two splicing ears of switch.AC power is used 220 volts, and 50 hertz, load is a heater, and electric current is 1 ampere.Instrument transformer H11 is equivalent to the H1 of Fig. 7, and C11 is equivalent to the impedance Z of Fig. 7.Two-way main circuit current assembly uses the form of Fig. 6.Regulator rectifier circuit is made up of four diodes of D11 to D13 and integrated circuit (IC) 11 and peripheral cell thereof.Control circuit is made up of IC12 and peripheral cell thereof, and wherein R13 is the slow change type negative tempperature coefficient thermistor.When R13 was cooled to 30K Ω, IC12 the 3rd pin output high level made two-way photoelectricity thyristor conducting in the TR11, the heater energising.When the resistance of the R13 that is heated drops to 7.5K Ω, IC12 the 3rd pin output low level, thus two-way photoelectricity thyristor is ended, the heater outage.

Except that R13, other element is described as follows in the circuit: H11 lamination XE6-D310-0.2-B SJ97-65

Folded thick 12.5 millimeters of X16-D310-0.2-B SJ97-65

L11 5500 circles, 0.03 millimeter in line footpath

L12 30 circles, 0.50 millimeter in line footpath

L13 1000 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

IC11＝CW7663 C11＝0.1μF

IC12＝LM555 C12＝0.047μF

TR11＝SP1110 C13＝22μF

D11＝IN4001 C14＝0.01μF

D12＝IN4001 R11＝300KΩ

D13＝IN4001 R12＝100KΩ

D14＝IN4001 R14＝15KΩ

R15＝300Ω

Among the embodiment of Fig. 9, be 1 ampere-hour at load current, additional on-state voltage drop is 0.4 volt, and additional off state current is 5 milliamperes, all reduces exponentially than prior art.The characteristics of this embodiment are to have realized the electricity isolation of transducer (being thermistor) with AC power herein.

Figure 10 is an embodiment detailed circuit diagram of second kind of scheme of the present invention.This be the TW two wire higher-order of oscillation type of a direct control load near switch, and have overload protection.Q1 and Q1 ' are two splicing ears of switch.The spendable scope of supply voltage is 100 volts to 250 volts, and frequency is 50 hertz.The scope of load current is 0.8 ampere to 3 amperes.Among the figure, the coil L21 among the instrument transformer H21 is equivalent to the coil L4 among Fig. 8, and coil L22 is equivalent to the coil L5 among Fig. 8, and coil L23 is an overload protection secondary winding that increases newly.D25, R22 are equivalent to D and the R among Fig. 8.Rectification circuit is made up of four diodes of D21 to D24.Voltage stabilizing circuit is made up of R23, DZ21, C25.Control circuit is made up of F21 to F26, BG21, BG22, BG23, coil L23 and peripheral cell thereof.Two-way main circuit current assembly uses the form of Fig. 1.

This course of work near switch is as follows: when metal detector during away from sense finder coil L24, the high-frequency generator that inverter F21, F22, F23 form vibrates, the signal of F26 output can not make BG22, BG23 conducting, and BCR21 ends, and load is in off-position.When metal detector near sense finder coil L24, and when entering operating distance, the high-frequency generator failure of oscillation, the output signal of F26 makes BG22, BG23 conducting by BG21, thus the BCR21 conducting, the load energising.When the load current overrate, the voltage on the overload protection coil L23 increases, and causes the voltage on the capacitor C 24 to become big, and BG21 ends, and end thereby BG22, BG23 are become by conducting, so BCR21 ends the load outage.Afterwards, capacitor C 24 is to R25 discharge, and its both end voltage descends gradually, when dropping to the BG21 cut-in voltage, and the BG21 conducting, thus make BG22, BG23 by by becoming conducting, BCR21 conducting, load energising, the process that automatically resets that Here it is.After this, if the overload reason is removed, then load will keep "on" position; If the overload reason still exist, then load with of short duration energising after again the outage.

Element in Figure 10 circuit is described as follows:

The H21 lamination

L21 18 circles, 0.80 millimeter in line footpath

L22 1000 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

L23 500 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

L24 MX-2000 ferrite pot core G22B, 200 circles, 0.15 millimeter in line footpath

F21 to F26=5C003 C25=22 μ F

BCR21＝TLC386A C26＝5100PF

BG21＝3DJ9I C27＝5100PF

BG22＝9013 C28＝5100PF

BG23＝9012 C29＝3300PF

D21＝IN4001 C210＝2200PF

D22＝IN4001 R21＝100Ω

D23＝IN4001 R22＝10KΩ

D24＝IN4001 R23＝30Ω

D25＝IN4007 R24＝1KΩ

D26＝IN4001 R25＝100KΩ

D27＝IN4148 R26＝100Ω

D28＝IN4148 R27＝5.1KΩ

DZ21＝2CW53 R28＝51KΩ

DZ22＝2CW51 R29＝51KΩ

DZ23＝2CW51 R210＝150KΩ

DZ24＝2CW52 R211＝3.6KΩ

C21＝0.1μF R212＝2KΩ

C22＝0.1μF R213＝150Ω

C23＝0.1μF R214＝10KΩ

C24＝100μF R215＝10KΩ

Among the embodiment of Figure 10, be that the additional on-state voltage drop of 2.5 ampere-hours is 0.2 volt at load current, the mean value of the additional off state current when supply voltage is 220 volts is 10 milliamperes.When load current surpasses 3 ampere-hours, the overload protecting circuit action, can be adjusted again by changing R25 at about 30 seconds of the time that automatically resets.

The circuit of Figure 11 is the embodiment that belongs to first kind of scheme.This is the big electric current TW two wire protection switch that a dependence button is controlled break-make.Not additional off state current when being characterized in the load outage.The AC supply voltage of using is 100 volts to 250 volts, and frequency is 50 hertz, and the excursion of load current is 5 amperes to 25 amperes.Among the figure, P2 and P2 ' are two splicing ears of switch.H31 is equivalent to the H1 of Fig. 7, and C31 is equivalent to the impedance Z of Fig. 7.Rectification circuit is made up of four diodes of D31 to D34.Voltage stabilizing circuit is made up of R31, DZ31, C32.Two-way main circuit current assembly uses the form of Fig. 5.Control circuit is made up of button switch K 31 and K32, R32, R33, R34, SCR31.The concrete course of work is as follows: after pressing K31, the authigenic power supply that relies on the electric current among the coil L31 to set up directly triggers thyristor BCR31 by R32, cause BCR31 and BCR32 conducting, the load energising, after the BCR32 conducting, authigenic power supply relies on the load current among the L32 to keep, and button switch K 31 just need not be connected.After, as the need section breaker, as long as click K32, authigenic power supply is promptly by short circuit, and BCR31, BCR32 end, the load outage.In the load galvanization, as load current overrate (26 amperes), the output voltage of rectification circuit increases, and after R33, R34 dividing potential drop, makes the SCR31 conducting, thereby BCR31, BCR32 are ended, and finishes the overload protection process.

Element in Figure 11 circuit is described as follows:

The H31 lamination

L31 3000 circles, 0.03 millimeter in line footpath

L32 2 circles, 2.5 millimeters in line footpath

L33 800 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

BCR31＝TLC386A D31＝IN4001

BCR32＝BTA26-700 D32＝IN4001

SCR31＝CR02AM-1 D32＝IN4001

DZ31＝2CW53 D34＝IN4001

C31＝0.22μF R33＝4.7KΩ

C32＝22μF R34＝91KΩ

C33＝0.15μF R35＝100Ω

C31＝30Ω R36＝82Ω

C32＝150Ω

Among the embodiment of Figure 11, be 20 ampere-hours at load current, additional on-state voltage drop is less than 0.05 volt, and this numerical value is compared with intrinsic on-state voltage drop, can ignore.The present invention is under the large current load condition in this explanation, the reduction particular significant effect of additional on-state voltage drop.

The circuit of Figure 12 is the embodiment that belongs to second kind of scheme.This is a TW two wire protection switch of using in audio frequency and superaudio scope, the break-make that relies on button to come control load.Supply frequency is 3 kilo hertzs and 25 kilo hertzs, and waveform is a bi-directional square wave, and amplitude is 100 volts.Load is ohmic, and the amplitude of load current is 1 ampere.Among the figure, Q2 and Q2 ' are two splicing ears of switch.H41 is equivalent to the H2 among Fig. 8, and D49, R45 are equivalent to D, the R among Fig. 8, with Fig. 8 relatively, some difference here, promptly the series circuit of R45, D49 is to be connected on the voltage-stabiliser tube DZ41, rather than is connected on the output of rectification circuit.Rectification circuit is made up of four diodes of D41 to D44.Voltage stabilizing circuit is made up of R41, DZ41, C41.Control circuit is made up of K41, K42, R42, R43, R44, BCR41.Two-way main circuit current assembly uses the form of Fig. 3.Figure 12 circuit and quite similar, the identical place of Figure 11 circuit, repeated description no longer, there are 2 points in different places: first be BG41, BG42 by the time, press K41 after, authigenic power supply is set up on DZ41 by D49, R45 by AC power; Second is to have used the composite bipolar transistor npn npn in two-way main circuit current assembly, and when load was switched on, authigenic power supply injected base current by R42 to BG41, caused BG41, BG42 conducting.

Element is described as follows in Figure 12 circuit:

BG41＝D1571 SCR41＝CR02AM-1

BG42＝3DK1300 DZ41＝ZCW53

H41 (3 kilo hertzs time) MX-2000 ferrite toroidal magnetic core 13 * 7 * 53

L41 10 circles, 0.50 millimeter in line footpath

L42 250 circles, line is 0.13 millimeter (L42 adds metal screen layer) directly

H41 (25 kilo hertzs time) MX-2000 ferrite toroidal magnetic core 10 * 6 * 5

L41 2 circles, 0.50 millimeter in line footpath

L42 38 circles, line is 0.13 millimeter (L42 adds metal screen layer) directly

D41＝IN4148 C41＝1μF

D42＝IN4148 R41＝30Ω

D43＝IN4148 R42＝150Ω

D44＝IN4148 R43＝4.7KΩ

D45＝2CN1B R44＝91KΩ

D46＝2CN1B R45＝4.7KΩ

D47＝2CN1B

D48＝2CN1B

Figure 13 circuit is the embodiment that belongs to second kind of scheme.This is a TW two wire protection switch that is used for single-phase compression pump motor.The supply voltage scope of using is 100 volts to 250 volts, and frequency is 50 hertz.Load is 150 watts of single-phase compression pump motors.Among the figure, Q3 and Q3 ' are two splicing ears of switch.Coil L51 among the instrument transformer H51 and L52 are equivalent to L4 and the L5 among Fig. 8, and coil L53 is for setting up the secondary winding that auxiliary authigenic power supply is provided with.D55 and R512 are equivalent to D and the R among Fig. 8.Rectification circuit is made up of four diodes of D51 to D54.Voltage stabilizing circuit is made up of R51, DZ51, C51.Control circuit mainly is made up of BG51, BG52, BG53, BG54, SCR51 and peripheral cell thereof.Two-way main circuit current assembly uses the form of Fig. 1.Control circuit has power-failure protecting, starting overcurrent protection, operation overcurrent protection and function such as automatically reset.Its course of work is as follows: after connecting AC power, AC power is set up authigenic power supply by motor, D55, R512 on voltage-stabiliser tube DZ51, authigenic power supply injects base current by R510, BG54 source-drain electrode to BG53, make BG53, BG52 conducting, after the BG52 conducting, its collector electrode output voltage triggers bidirectional thyristor BCR51 by R54, makes the BCR51 conducting, electrical power.Behind the electrical power, produce output voltage on coil L53, this voltage charges to C53 by D57, and charges to C54 by D56, R59, R510, causes BG54 to end rapidly, and BG51 ends after the time through electric motor starting.On the other hand, after the BG52 conducting, its collector electrode injects base current by DZ52 to BG53, and therefore, even BG54 ends, BG52 and BG53 still keep conducting.Afterwards, if energising again after the of short duration power failure of AC power, because BG54 ends, BG53, BG52 can conductings, and motor can not be switched on, and plays the power-failure protecting effect.After the power failure, coil L53 goes up induced potential and disappears, and C51 discharges to R511, and about 5 minutes, C51 powers on drops to the BG54 cut-in voltage, and at this moment, as connecting AC power or after this connecting AC power, the BG54 conducting makes the BCR51 conducting, electrical power.The characteristics of this power-failure protecting are to power on for the first time or have a power failure to surpass to power on after 5 minutes again, can not produce the phenomenon of motor time-delay energising.Behind electric motor starting, as mentioned above, BG51 ends, at this moment, motor operating current is as if overrate, and the output voltage of rectification circuit will increase, and after R55, R56 dividing potential drop, make unidirectional thyristor SCR51 conducting, authigenic power supply is caused BG52, BCR51 to end by short circuit, the motor outage.Later automatically reset to power-failure protecting after the situation of energising is similar automatically, promptly treat the C53 discharge after, the BG54 conducting causes BG52, BCR51 conducting, motor is switched on once more.During electric motor starting, though starting current is greater than running current, this moment, BG51 was in conducting state, and in parallel with resistance R 55 after BG51 drain-source equivalent resistance and resistance R 57 series connection, trigger current and the voltage of SCR51 have been reduced, therefore, as long as select suitable R57, R59, the numerical value of C54, can be under normal starting current and starting time situation, SCR51 can conducting, and when fail to start or starting current are excessive, SCR51 conducting, motor outage.Automatically reseting behind the start protection is identical with the situation of moving overcurrent protection, no longer repeats.

Element in Figure 13 circuit is described as follows:

The H51 lamination

L51 50 circles, 0.50 millimeter in line footpath

L52 900 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

L53 450 circles, 0.08 millimeter in line footpath

BCR51＝TLC386A C53＝220μF

SCR51＝CR02AM-1 C54＝10μF

BG51＝3DJ9I C55＝0.1μF

BG52＝9013 C56＝0.1μF

BG53＝9012 C57＝0.1μF

BG54＝3DJ9I R51＝30Ω

D51＝IN4001 R52＝3.6KΩ

D52＝IN4001 R53＝2KΩ

D53＝IN4001 R54＝150Ω

D54＝IN4001 R55＝5.6KΩ

D55＝IN4001 R56＝120KΩ

D56＝IN4001 R57＝1KΩ

D57＝IN4001 R58＝1MΩ

DZ51＝2CW54 R59＝220KΩ

DZ52＝2CW51 R510＝22KΩ

DZ53＝2CW51 R511＝510KΩ

DZ54＝2CW51 R512＝11KΩ

C51＝22μF R513＝100Ω

C52＝1μF

Figure 14 circuit is the embodiment that belongs to first kind of scheme.This is a solid-state relay circuit that uses the pulse-triggered break-make, and has overload protection function and zero passage on-off function.Allowing the excursion of AC supply voltage is 100 volts to 250 volts, and frequency is 50 hertz.Allowing the excursion of load current is 0.8 ampere to 3 amperes.Among the figure, P3 and P3 ' are two splicing ears towards load and AC power.Except many push-button switches, the authigenic power supply of this circuit part is identical with the circuit of Figure 11, no longer narration.Control circuit is made up of three parts: the circuit that LEC61, BG63, BG64, BG65, BG66 and peripheral cell thereof are formed is finished pulse-triggered passing zero trigger function; The circuit that LEC62, BG62, R62, R63 form is finished pulse-triggered zero passage disjunction function; The circuit that SCR61, BG61, R613, R614, R615 form is finished overload protection function.Two-way main circuit current assembly uses the form of Fig. 1.The course of work of circuit is as follows: when bidirectional thyristor BCR61 ends, the zero passage place of the sinuous pulsation voltage of rectification circuit output is corresponding substantially with the zero passage place of AC supply voltage, this sinuous pulsation voltage is connected between the base stage and emitter of transistor BG63 by R64, make BG63 form the base current of pulsation, when adding on the input Y of photoelectrical coupler LEC61 and the Y ' greater than 10 milliseconds pulse, the phototriode conducting that it is inner, authigenic power supply adds to the collector electrode of BG63 and the base stage of BG65 by this phototriode and resistance R 65, at this moment, the base current of BG65 depends on the conducting situation of BG63, therefore, only near the sinuous pulsation voltage zero-cross place of rectification circuit output, BG63 is ended, thereby BG65, the BG64 conducting triggers the BCR61 conducting, the load energising.After the BG64 conducting, its collector electrode injects base current by R69 to BG66, makes the BG66 conducting, so after the pulse on Y and the Y ' terminal disappeared, BG64 still kept conducting, causes load to continue energising.After the input W of LEC62 and W ' added pulse, its inner phototriode conducting made the BG62 conducting, and authigenic power supply voltage descends significantly, cause BG64 to end, and BCR61 ends at the zero passage place, the load outage.When load was switched on, if the load current overrate, the output voltage of rectification circuit increased, and makes BG61, SRC61 conducting, and authigenic power supply is caused BG64, BCR61 to end by short circuit, and the overload protection action is finished in the load outage.

The element of Figure 14 circuit is described as follows:

The H61 lamination

L61 20 circles, 0.63 millimeter in line footpath

The L621000 circle, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

L63 3000 circles, 0.03 millimeter in line footpath

BCR61＝TLC386A C62＝0.1μF

SCR61＝CR02AM-1 R61＝47Ω

D61＝IN4001 R62＝4.7KΩ

D62＝IN4001 R63＝4.7KΩ

D63＝IN4001 R64＝10KΩ

D64＝IN4001 R65＝100KΩ

D65＝IN4001 R66＝3.6KΩ

DZ61＝2CW54 R67＝2KΩ

BG61＝9012 R68＝2KΩ

BG62＝9012 R69＝47KΩ

BG63＝9012 R610＝150Ω

BG64＝9013 R611＝8.2KΩ

BG65＝9012 R612＝100Ω

BG66＝9012 R613＝2KΩ

LEC61＝GD-10 R614＝470Ω

LEC62＝GD-10 R615＝10KΩ

C61＝22μF

Figure 15 circuit belongs to first kind of scheme implementation example.This circuit is a three-phase protective switch that uses two push-button switch control break-makes, is the example that two-conductor switch is applied to three-phase circuit.Power supply is 380 volts of three-phases, 50 hertz.Load is the J32-2 three phase electric machine.The characteristics of this circuit are after removing threephase load, do not have the path of any electricity between the three-phase.Among the figure, two-way main circuit current assembly uses the form of Fig. 1.Because this circuit is fairly simple, its major part is quite similar with aforesaid content again, now only make the following instructions: instrument transformer H71 has three secondary winding L73, L74 and L75, its output voltage forms three authigenic power supplies behind rectifying and voltage-stabilizing, trigger bidirectional thyristor BCR71, BCR72 and BCR73 respectively by resistance R 72, R74, R76.When BCR71 by the time, press K71 after, coil L71 mutually forms loop with overvoltage protective module C710, R717 with B by motor, mutually forms loop with C711, R718 with C by motor simultaneously, thus the electric current of dependence among the L71 set up three authigenic power supplies.When the BCR71 conducting, rely on the A phase current that flows through coil L72 to set up three authigenic power supplies.Instrument transformer H72 and H73 only play overload protective function; overload signal on its secondary winding L77 and the L79 removes to trigger respectively unidirectional thyristor SCR72 and SCR73 after rectification, dividing potential drop, time-delay; process that SCR71 is triggered and SCR72 and SCR73 are roughly the same; so, when the electric current of motor stall or arbitrary phase is excessive, can both turn-off the three-phase major loop.This circuit is easy to set up open phase protection and overtemperature protection, also is easy to change over the form of transducer control threephase load.

The element of Figure 15 circuit is described as follows:

The H71 lamination

L71 3000 circles, 0.07 millimeter in line footpath

L72 20 circles, 0.63 millimeter in line footpath

L73, L74 700 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

L75 800 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

H72, H73 lamination

L76, L78 15 circles, 0.50 millimeter in line footpath

L77, L79 1500 circles, 0.13 millimeter in line footpath

D71 to D720=IN4001

BCR71＝BTA06-700 C711＝0.22μF

BCR72＝BTA06-700 R71＝30Ω

BCR73＝BTA06-700 R72＝100Ω

SCR71＝CR02AM-1 R73＝30Ω

SCR72＝CR02AM-1 R74＝100Ω

SCR73＝CR02AM-1 R75＝30Ω

DZ71＝2CW54 R76＝100Ω

DZ72＝2CW54 R77＝4.7KΩ

DZ73＝2CW54 R78＝1KΩ

C71＝22μF R79＝20KΩ

C72＝22μF R710＝4.7KΩ

C73＝22μF R711＝1KΩ

C74＝47μF R712＝20KΩ

C75＝0.47μF R713＝4.7KΩ

C76＝47μF R714＝1KΩ

C77＝0.47μF R715＝20KΩ

C78＝47μF R716＝100Ω

C79＝0.1μF R717＝100Ω

C710＝0.22μF R718＝100Ω

Though the present invention has introduced seven most preferred embodiments, should be pointed out that because the potentiality of derivation, development and the variation of basic structure of the present invention are very big the embodiment of introduction is explanation basic implementation method of the present invention and part variation thereof.For example, can pack into the control circuit of various lower power consumptions of the present invention comprises that various sensor control circuits, timing control circuit, remote control circuit are until the programme control circut of being made up of programmable controller or single-chip microcomputer.Therefore, the various variation schemes by basic structure of the present invention is drawn should be included within the claim scope.

At last, development of the present invention is illustrated 2 points.First is about short-circuit protection.In Figure 13 embodiment of circuit of narrating previously,, and the parameter of circuit element done suitably to revise, can finish short-circuit protection if two-way main circuit current assembly is changed into the form of Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.But the short-circuit protection that adopts thyristor (not comprising gate turn-off thyristor) in the two-way main circuit current assembly is with regard to more complicated.The inventor has finished the commutation current-limiting type short-circuit protection circuit of the use bidirectional thyristor of AC two-conductor form, and has passing zero trigger and auto-reset function.Second is the adaptability problem of load variations.Appellation of definition allows the index of load variations rate earlier:

Among seven embodiment of front, allowing the load variations rate is about 5, if suitably increase the volume of a little instrument transformers, can accomplish to that is to say that the present invention is the same with most prior aries near 10, there is a shortcoming, promptly can not adapts to the violent occasion of load variations.But because the flexibility that basic structure of the present invention changes, the inventor has finished the AC two-conductor switch that allows load variations rate approach infinity on the basis that keeps characteristics of the present invention and advantage.Two kinds of above-mentioned development, the inventor will narrate in later patents.

Claims

1. an AC two-conductor switch comprises:

Be connected to two external connection terminals of the external communication active circuit that contains load; Two external connection terminals and this load are connected in series;

Two-way main circuit current assembly with two main electrodes and at least one control utmost point; The above-mentioned control utmost point is used as the conducting that drives this assembly;

Instrument transformer with first coil, second coil and tertiary coil; Described first coil is connected on two external connection terminals by an impedance, so, when above-mentioned two-way main circuit current assembly ends, described external communication active circuit makes first coil electricity by load, and the alternating current in first coil forms the alternating voltage of suitable level by the two ends that act on tertiary coil of instrument transformer; Described second coil is connected on two external connection terminals by two main electrodes of two-way main circuit current assembly, so, when two-way main circuit current assembly conducting, described external communication active circuit forms operating current in load, this loaded work piece electric current flows through second coil simultaneously, like this, the loaded work piece electric current in second coil forms the alternating voltage of suitable level by the two ends that act on tertiary coil of instrument transformer;

The regulator rectifier circuit that contains bridge rectifier, three end direct current stabilizers and energy-storage travelling wave tube; The input of this regulator rectifier circuit is connected with tertiary coil, and the alternating voltage at tertiary coil two ends forms metastable direct voltage on the output at regulator rectifier circuit through over commutation and pressure stabilization function;

The control circuit of control signal is provided; The output of this control circuit is connected with the control utmost point of described two-way main circuit current assembly, and the control signal that control circuit provides can drive this assembly conducting; And, this control circuit power end is connected with the output of described regulator rectifier circuit, because no matter described main circuit current assembly is in conducting still end, metastable direct voltage can be formed, so this direct voltage is used as the power supply of control circuit on the output of regulator rectifier circuit.

2. an AC two-conductor switch comprises:

Instrument transformer with first coil and second coil; Described second coil is connected on two external connection terminals by two main electrodes of two-way main circuit current assembly, so, when two-way main circuit current assembly conducting, described external communication active circuit forms operating current in load, this loaded work piece electric current flows through first coil simultaneously, like this, the loaded work piece electric current in first coil forms the alternating voltage of suitable level by the two ends that act on second coil of instrument transformer;

The rectification circuit that contains bridge rectifier; The input of this rectification circuit is connected with second coil, and the alternating voltage at the second coil two ends forms direct voltage through rectified action on the output of rectification circuit;

The voltage stabilizing circuit that contains three end direct current stabilizers and energy-storage travelling wave tube; The input of this voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output of above-mentioned rectification circuit, and the direct voltage on the rectification circuit output end forms metastable direct voltage through pressure stabilization function on the output of voltage stabilizing circuit;

The series circuit that contains a resistance and a diode; A terminal of this series circuit is connected with a terminal of described two external connection terminals, another terminal is connected on the lead-out terminal of rectification circuit, so, when described two-way main circuit current assembly ends, the external communication active circuit makes this series circuit energising by load, and on the output of rectification circuit, form the direct voltage of suitable level, this direct voltage forms metastable direct voltage by the pressure stabilization function of voltage stabilizing circuit on the output of voltage stabilizing circuit;

The control circuit of control signal is provided; The output of this control circuit is connected with the control utmost point of described two-way main circuit current assembly, and the control signal that control circuit provides can drive this assembly conducting; And, this control circuit power end is connected with the output of described voltage stabilizing circuit, because no matter described main circuit current assembly is in conducting still end, can on the output of voltage stabilizing circuit, form metastable direct voltage, so this direct voltage is used as the power supply of control circuit.

3. AC two-conductor switch as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described two-way main circuit current assembly is a bidirectional thyristor.

4. AC two-conductor switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described two-way main circuit current assembly also comprises the second control utmost point that is connected with the common junction of described regulator rectifier circuit and control circuit.

5. as claim 1 or 4 described AC two-conductor switch, it is characterized in that described two-way main circuit current assembly is made up of a two-way photoelectricity thyristor and a light-emitting diode, wherein, the two ends of two-way photoelectricity thyristor are two main electrodes, and the two ends of light-emitting diode are respectively the control utmost point and the second control utmost point.

6. as claim 1 or 4 described AC two-conductor switch, it is characterized in that described two-way main circuit current assembly is made up of a bridge rectifier and a transistor (or thyristor), wherein, the collector electrode of transistor (or thyristor) (or drain electrode or anode) is connected with two outputs of bridge rectifier respectively with emitter (or source electrode or negative electrode), the base stage of this transistor (or thyristor) (or grid or gate pole) is the control utmost point, the link node of emitter (or source electrode or negative electrode) is the second control utmost point, and two inputs of bridge rectifier are two main electrodes.

7. AC two-conductor switch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described two-way main circuit current assembly is made up of a two-way photoelectricity thyristor and a light-emitting diode, wherein, the two ends of two-way photoelectricity thyristor are two main electrodes, one end of light-emitting diode is the control utmost point, and the other end is connected with an end of photoelectricity thyristor.

8. AC two-conductor switch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described two-way main circuit current assembly is made up of a bridge rectifier and a transistor (or thyristor), wherein, the collector electrode of transistor (or thyristor) (or drain electrode or anode) is connected with two outputs of bridge rectifier respectively with emitter (or source electrode or negative electrode), the base stage of this transistor (or thyristor) (or grid or gate pole) is the control utmost point, and two inputs of bridge rectifier are two main electrodes.