CN105494209B - A kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna - Google Patents
A kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494209B CN105494209B CN201511027471.2A CN201511027471A CN105494209B CN 105494209 B CN105494209 B CN 105494209B CN 201511027471 A CN201511027471 A CN 201511027471A CN 105494209 B CN105494209 B CN 105494209B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of cage culture bluefin tuna.Cultural method input is low, and cultivates the bluefin tuna fat content height obtained, and economic value is high.It comprises the following steps：(1) selection of mariculture area；(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood：Artificial fishing firewood is launched, float platform type frame is set, and 8~14 net cages are hung around it；(3) fingerling is launched：Bluefin tuna fingerling is launched, stocking density is 0.2~0.8 tail/cubic meter；(4) feedstuff feeding：Periodical starvation is carried out to feed again, i.e., it is 2 days hungry, then refeeding 2 days, Feeding time for afternoon 2~5 when, feed mixed feed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods, and in particular to a kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna.Belong to aquatic products
Animal-breeding technical field.
Background technology
Bluefin tuna is fingerling largest in Tuna -- like Fishes, and general 1~3 meter of body length, big person is up to more than 3 meters, average
Weight is 200~400 kilograms.Bluefin tuna is the most slow tuna species of the speed of growth, and the service life is up to 20 years or more, high
The bluefin tuna taste of fatty phase is best, and price highest is primarily adapted for use in high-grade raw fish.But just because of its unique business
Industry is worth, and global bluefin tuna is being excessively captured, and excessive fishing problem is serious, only is difficult for continuing by natural fishing.Nothing
By being to consider that all there is an urgent need for a kind of reliable bluefin tuna cultivation sides at present from the continuity of delicious demand or species
Method.
In the Mediterranean various countries such as the North Atlantic Oceans coastwise contries such as the U.S., Canada and Spain, Morocco, tuna
Commercial running cultivation is used from the method that the capture Large scale individual progress short time stores up in the sea.In contrast, Japanese Science Society is close
The spawning ground of bluefin tuna Pacific Ocean population --- the Eastern China seas of TaiWan, China, prelarva majority migration to Japanese littoral, institute
Small individual is mainly fished with Japan and carries out raising until reaching commercial specification.But the tuna artificial seed of Japan also reaches
Less than batch sizes, the seed of cultivation still relies on the natural seedling of capture migration.This kind of juvenile fish annual 7~October
Between migration to Japanese littoral, become the fished species of set net or rope lug fishery.
In order to increase fat content, bluefin tuna, which can be placed in net cage, cultivates a period of time, so as to improve the flesh of fish
In fat content, meet consumer demand, finally obtain good commercial value.Tuna generally (mainly exists in summer
July) fishing, then it is placed in net cage.After putting about 6 months in a suitable place to breed, the tuna raw fish consumption peak of year end Japan is waited until
When sell, can so be sold with good price.The tuna cultivated in net cage can generally increase weight about 5%.The blue fin gold of cultivation
The fat content of marlin is high, is very suitable for doing Sushi, and price is fine.Therefore, the cultivation hair of international bluefin tuna
Exhibition is quickly.Fat content is higher, and natural price is just higher, and the fat content that cage culture improves bluefin tuna how to be controlled to be
An inevitable problem.
The problem of another is very important is that bluefin tuna cultivation is a rather expensive investment, because golden rifle
For example same bottomless pit of the appetite of fish, a tuna are often grown up 1 kilogram of fish meal for about needing 25 kilograms.It daily must be with 30
To 40 tons of catfish and sardine as feed feeding tuna, this just looks like that 3 to 40,000 dollars are thrown into the sea daily.And energy
No be recompensed can only also leave it to chance.Moreover, the artificial breeding of bluefin tuna is still immature at present, it is rationally cultivated close
Degree rationally feeds etc. and all lacks corresponding scientific basis, and cultivation density is excessive, feeds and can excessively cause water pollution, and feeds
Growth that is very few and inhibiting fish itself.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of side of cage culture bluefin tuna
Method.Cultural method input is low, and cultivates the bluefin tuna fat content height obtained, and economic value is high.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of mariculture area：The unimpeded region of trend is selected, at ebb tide 15~35m of the depth of water, the depth of water does not surpass at the incoming tide
50m is crossed, seawater water temperature is 10~20 DEG C, salinity 20~27 ‰, 1.2~1.5m of transparency, and dissolved oxygen is more than 7mg/L, seawater stream
Speed is 0.08~0.22m/s；
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood：Artificial fishing firewood is launched, float platform type frame is set, and 8~14 are hung around it
A net cage, the etting of the net cage are the open type babinets being seamed into using metal mesh sheet, and net cage body grows 10~18m, wide by 10~
18m, high 12~20m, net cage is away from more than bank 200m；
(3) fingerling is launched：Bluefin tuna fingerling is launched, stocking density is 0.2~0.8 tail/cubic meter；
(4) feedstuff feeding：It carries out periodical starvation to feed again, i.e. starvation 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, under Feeding time is
During noon 2~5, mixed feed is fed, feeding volume is 20~30kg/ net cages, and the mixed feed is by the component of following parts by weight
It is manufactured：1~10 part of fish meal, 6~10 parts of dregs of beans, 5~15 parts of maize flour, 0.5~1.8 part of lysine, methionine 0.6~0.9
Part, 0.3~1.2 part of vitamin A, 0.4~1.1 part of vitamin C, 0.2~0.8 part of vitamin E, 3~6 parts of freshwater mussel powder.
In the step (1), seawater velocity is preferably 0.2m/s.
In the step (2), artificial fishing firewood is built with stone, pit slot and rock seam is simulated, for attracting catfish, sand
Fourth fish, squid or shell-fish are inhabited, the natural bait as bluefin tuna.
In the step (2), the main body of float platform type frame is steel, and shape is octagon, circumscribed circle it is a diameter of
50m。
Metal mesh sheet in the step (2) is made of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy.
In the step (2), algaecide is scribbled on etting, the coated weight of algaecide is 100~125g/m2, the anti-algae
Agent is made of the component of following parts by weight：1 part of tributyltin oxide, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of pitches.
In the step (2), net cage is rotary type, and in water, half in air, makes algae that can not adhere to life to half
It is long；It is put into net cage and scrapes feeding fish.
The feeding fish of scraping includes grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala.
In the step (2), net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and mesh is followed successively by 30~60mm, 15~25mm, 6
~9mm.
It in the step (3), is thrown to respectively in large, medium and small type net cage according to fingerling size, net cannot be escaped with fingerling
Case is standard.
In the step (4), the preparation method of mixed feed is to weigh each component of formula ratio, mixing.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) select be suitble to bluefin tuna growth sea area, either the salinity of the seawater depth of water, water temperature or seawater, thoroughly
Lightness etc. is conducive to the fast-growth of bluefin tuna.
(2) net cage of the invention is using metal etting, and intensity is high, and wind and wave resistance is strong, is not deformed due to water currents, drainability
It is good；It is not easy to adhere to, number is scrubbed in reduction, convenient for management；It can prevent the destruction of enemy birds and beasts, the hard violent fish of lips and teeth can be cultivated
Class；Service life is longer (particularly titanium silk, stainless steel, steel alloy etting).
(3) manually fishing firewood can attract some natural baits, so that the bluefin tuna in net cage eats, these natural baits
Cost of investment is also greatly saved in the presence of material.
(4) net cage of different model is set, to adapt to the growth of different size fingerling.
(5) stocking density is controlled, on the premise of stocking density is increased as far as possible, ensures the growing space of each individual.
(6) prepare special feed to be raised, ensure nutrition, promote the growth of bluefin tuna.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated, it should explanation, the description below merely to
It explains the present invention, its content is not defined.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of mariculture area：The unimpeded region of trend is selected, at ebb tide the depth of water about 15m, at the incoming tide the depth of water about 45m,
Seawater water temperature is about 10 DEG C, salinity 20 ‰, transparency 1.2m, dissolved oxygen 8mg/L, seawater velocity 0.2m/s；
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood：Artificial fishing firewood is launched, artificial fishing firewood is built with stone, simulation hole
Slot and rock seam, for catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to be attracted to inhabit, the natural bait as bluefin tuna；It sets floating
Bench-type frame, the main body of float platform type frame are steel, and shape is octagon, a diameter of 50m of circumscribed circle, and in float platform type frame
8 net cages are hung around frame, the etting of net cage is seamed into using metal mesh sheet (made of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy)
Open type babinet, the long 10m of net cage body, wide 10m, high 12m, net cage is away from bank 220m；Algaecide is scribbled on etting, algaecide
Coated weight is 100g/m2, it is made of the following components per 100g algaecides：20g tributyltin oxides, 40g calcium carbonate, 40g
Pitch；Net cage is rotary type, and in water, half in air, makes algae can not apposition growth to half；It is put into net cage and scrapes feeding habits
Fish, including grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala etc.；Net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and mesh is followed successively by 30mm,
15mm, 6mm；
(3) fingerling is launched：Bluefin tuna fingerling is launched, large, medium and small type net cage is thrown to respectively according to fingerling size
In, net cage cannot be escaped as standard using fingerling, stocking density is 0.2 tail/cubic meter；
(4) feedstuff feeding：It carries out periodical starvation to feed again, i.e. starvation 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, under Feeding time is
During noon 2~5, mixed feed is fed, feeding volume is 20kg/ net cages, and mixed feed is made of several unit contents, Mei Gedan
The composition of position content is as follows：Fish meal 1g, dregs of beans 6g, maize flour 5g, lysine 0.5g, methionine 0.6g, vitamin A 0.3g, dimension
Raw element C0.4g, vitamin E 0.2g, freshwater mussel powder 3g；The preparation method of mixed feed is to weigh each component of formula ratio, and mixing is
It can.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of mariculture area：The unimpeded region of trend is selected, at ebb tide depth of water 35m, at the incoming tide depth of water 50m, seawater
Water temperature is 20 DEG C, salinity 27 ‰, transparency 1.5m, dissolved oxygen 9mg/L, seawater velocity 0.08m/s；
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood：Artificial fishing firewood is launched, artificial fishing firewood is built with stone, simulation hole
Slot and rock seam, for catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to be attracted to inhabit, the natural bait as bluefin tuna；It sets floating
Bench-type frame, the main body of float platform type frame are steel, and shape is octagon, a diameter of 50m of circumscribed circle, and in float platform type frame
14 net cages are hung around frame, the etting of net cage is to be seamed into using metal mesh sheet (made of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy)
Open type babinet, the long 18m of net cage body, wide 18m, high 20m, net cage is away from bank 300m；Algaecide, algaecide are scribbled on etting
Coated weight be 125g/m2, it is made of the following components per 100g algaecides：20g tributyltin oxides, 40g calcium carbonate,
40g pitches；Net cage is rotary type, and in water, half in air, makes algae can not apposition growth to half；It is put into and scrapes in net cage
Feeding fish, including grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala etc.；Net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and mesh is followed successively by
60mm, 25mm, 9mm；
(3) fingerling is launched：Bluefin tuna fingerling is launched, large, medium and small type net cage is thrown to respectively according to fingerling size
In, net cage cannot be escaped as standard using fingerling, stocking density is 0.8 tail/cubic meter；
(4) feedstuff feeding：It carries out periodical starvation to feed again, i.e. starvation 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, under Feeding time is
During noon 2~5, mixed feed is fed, feeding volume is 30kg/ net cages, and mixed feed is made of several unit contents, Mei Gedan
The composition of position content is as follows：Fish meal 10g, dregs of beans 10g, maize flour 15g, lysine 1.8g, methionine 0.9g, retinol1 .2g,
Vitamin C 1.1g, vitamin E 0.8g, freshwater mussel powder 6g；The preparation method of mixed feed is to weigh each component of formula ratio, and mixing is
It can.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of mariculture area：The unimpeded region of trend is selected, at ebb tide depth of water 20m, at the incoming tide depth of water 35m, seawater
Water temperature is 15 DEG C, salinity 25 ‰, transparency 1.3m, dissolved oxygen 8mg/L, seawater velocity 0.22m/s；
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood：Artificial fishing firewood is launched, artificial fishing firewood is built with stone, simulation hole
Slot and rock seam, for catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to be attracted to inhabit, the natural bait as bluefin tuna；It sets
Float platform type frame, the main body of float platform type frame are steel, and shape is octagon, a diameter of 50m of circumscribed circle, and in float platform type
10 net cages are hung around frame, the etting of net cage is stitched using metal mesh sheet (made of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy)
Into open type babinet, the long 15m of net cage body, wide 15m, high 15m, net cage is away from bank 300m；Algaecide, anti-algae are scribbled on etting
The coated weight of agent is 110g/m2, it is made of the following components per 100g algaecides：20g tributyltin oxides, 40g calcium carbonate,
40g pitches；Net cage is rotary type, and in water, half in air, makes algae can not apposition growth to half；It is put into and scrapes in net cage
Feeding fish, including grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala etc.；Net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and mesh is followed successively by
45mm, 20mm, 8mm；
(3) fingerling is launched：Bluefin tuna fingerling is launched, large, medium and small type net cage is thrown to respectively according to fingerling size
In, net cage cannot be escaped as standard using fingerling, stocking density is 0.5 tail/cubic meter；
(4) feedstuff feeding：It carries out periodical starvation to feed again, i.e. starvation 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, under Feeding time is
During noon 2~5, mixed feed is fed, feeding volume is 25kg/ net cages, and mixed feed is made of several unit contents, Mei Gedan
The composition of position content is as follows：Fish meal 5g, dregs of beans 8g, maize flour 10g, lysine 1g, methionine 0.8g, vitamin A 0.9g, dimension life
Plain C0.6g, vitamin E 0.7g, freshwater mussel powder 5g；The preparation method of mixed feed is to weigh each component of formula ratio, mixing.
Comparative example：
A kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of mariculture area：The unimpeded region of trend is selected, at ebb tide depth of water 40m, at the incoming tide depth of water 60m, seawater
Water temperature is 25 DEG C, salinity 15 ‰, transparency 1m, dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, seawater velocity 0.3m/s；
(2) net cage is set with embodiment 1, but does not launch artificial fishing firewood；
(3) fingerling is launched：Bluefin tuna fingerling is launched, stocking density is 1 tail/cubic meter；
(4) feedstuff feeding：It carries out periodical starvation to feed again, i.e. starvation 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, under Feeding time is
During noon 2~5, catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish are fed, feeding volume is about 50kg/ net cages.
Carrying out bluefin tuna respectively according to the method for Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example, (the average body of fingerling is a length of
30cm, average weight 20kg) cultivation, culturing time be after 6 months, 6 months respectively measurement cultivate bluefin tuna
Average body is long, average weight and abdominal fat content (according to《Meat is measured with meat products total lipid content》In versions in 2008
Determination of fat method is measured), result of the test is as shown in table 1, and data therein are the measure knot after 6 months
Fruit.
The basal conditions of bluefin tuna after table 1. cultivates 6 months
As it can be seen from table 1 the bluefin tuna cultivated by the method for Examples 1 to 3 is either averaged, body is long, average
Weight or abdominal fat content are all much better than comparative example, and are omitted in comparative example directly using catfish, sardine, squid
Or shell-fish feed caused by it is with high investment, good bluefin tuna, economic benefit only can be obtained with cheap formula feed
It is high.
Although the above-mentioned specific embodiment to the present invention is described, not to the limit of the scope of the present invention
System, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art need not make the creative labor can make it is each
Kind modification is deformed still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method of cage culture bluefin tuna, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：(1) selection of mariculture area：The unimpeded region of trend is selected, at ebb tide 15~35m of the depth of water, the depth of water is no more than at the incoming tide 50m, seawater water temperature are 10~20 DEG C, salinity 20~27 ‰, 1.2~1.5m of transparency, and dissolved oxygen is more than 7mg/L, seawater velocity For 0.08~0.22m/s；(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing bank：Artificial fishing bank is launched, float platform type frame is set, and 8~14 nets are hung around it Case, the etting of the net cage are the open type babinets being seamed into using metal mesh sheet, and net cage body grows 10~18m, wide 10~18m, High 12~20m, net cage is away from more than bank 200m；(3) fingerling is launched：Bluefin tuna fingerling is launched, stocking density is 0.2~0.8 tail/cubic meter；(4) feedstuff feeding：Periodical starvation is carried out to feed again, i.e., it is 2 days hungry, then refeeding 2 days, Feeding time is afternoon 2 When~5, mixed feed is fed, feeding volume is 20~30kg/ net cages, and the mixed feed is made of the component of following parts by weight 's：1~10 part of fish meal, 6~10 parts of dregs of beans, 5~15 parts of maize flour, 0.5~1.8 part of lysine, 0.6~0.9 part of methionine, dimension Raw element A0.3~1.2 part, 0.4~1.1 part of vitamin C, 0.2~0.8 part of vitamin E, 3~6 parts of freshwater mussel powder.
- A kind of 2. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (1) In, seawater velocity 0.2m/s.
- A kind of 3. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) In, artificial fishing bank is built with stone, pit slot and rock seam is simulated, for catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to be attracted to dwell Breath, the natural bait as bluefin tuna.
- A kind of 4. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) In, the main body of float platform type frame is steel, and shape is octagon, a diameter of 50m of circumscribed circle.
- A kind of 5. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) In metal mesh sheet be made of titanium silk or steel alloy.
- A kind of 6. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) In, algaecide is scribbled on etting, the coated weight of algaecide is 100~125g/m2, the algaecide is by the group of following parts by weight Part composition：1 part of tributyltin oxide, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of pitches.
- A kind of 7. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) In, net cage is rotary type, and in water, half in air, makes algae can not apposition growth to half；It is put into net cage and scrapes feeding habits fish Class.
- 8. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described to scrape feeding habits fish Class includes grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala.
- A kind of 9. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) In, net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and mesh is followed successively by 30~60mm, 15~25mm, 6~9mm.
- A kind of 10. method of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the step (3) In, it is thrown to respectively in large, medium and small type net cage according to fingerling size, net cage cannot be escaped as standard using fingerling.
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| CN108684582A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-23 | 集美大学 | A method of Bostrichthys sinensis being grown using iron cage on the beach |
| CN109197686A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method |
| CN112841102B (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2023-07-07 | 李敬荣 | Net cage suitable for tuna culture |
| CN114946711B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-08-18 | 三亚热带水产研究院 | Deep-water cage culture method for tuna with yellow fins |
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