CN105493990A - Method of planting Holboellia latifolia on saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method of planting Holboellia latifolia on saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of planting Holboellia latifolia on saline-alkali soil. The method comprises steps of drying and smashing phosphogypsum to form phosphogypsum powder, mixing the phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure and piling up together to acquire compost, adjusting moisture content of the saline-alkali soil, evenly scattering the phosphogypsum powder on the saline-alkali and conducting rotary tillage, laying a thin film for a period of time, then taking the thin film away and conducting leaching, evenly applying the compost and oil cake to the processed saline-alkali, a period time of compartment formation, cutting Holboellia latifolia cuttage branches on the compartment surfaces, and managing the Holboellia latifolia seedlings. PH value and saline-alkali degree of the saline-alkali soil can be obviously reduced, so the saline-alkali soil is suitable for growth of the Holboellia latifolia and obvious economic benefits can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improving technology field in saline land, specifically, relate to a kind of method of planting Fructus Akebiae on saline land.
Background technology
Saline land be saline land with alkali ground general name.Solonchak mainly refers to chloride or the higher salinization soil of sulphate, and soil is in alkalescence, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to carbonate containing or heavy phosphatic soil, pH value is higher, and soil is in alkalescence alkali.The content of organic matter in saline land is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons harmful to crop is many, and crop is short seedling not easily.The area in saline land, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkali ground and alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, and thus basicity is general higher, and serious saline land regional plant almost can not be survived.The salinization of soil in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, and the saline Land degree in current global range is obvious ascendant trend, and the salinization of soil in soil has become the important limiting factor of world agriculture sustainable development.For the improvement in saline land, conventional method has: 1, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into water in saline land exactly, and soil salt is dissolved, by under being oozed and be discharged in deep soil or drip washing is gone out saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil, infiltration drain ditch, side is got rid of; 2, level land, level land under can making uniform moisture and ooze, improve the effect that rainfall is drenched salt and irrigated the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, prevent the salination of soil plaque-like; 3, rake the soil level, the table soil that can loosen of raking the soil level, blocks soil capillary water and carries salinity to earth's surface, play the effect preventing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in good time; 4, applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer forms humus through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the buffer capacity of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.5, effectively can improve soil with saline land special-purpose soil conditioner " solodization ".
Ardealite is the accessory substance in production process of phosphoric acid, often produce one ton of phosphorus pentoxide by-product, five tons of ardealites, utilization at present for ardealite mainly contains four aspects, 1, phosphoric acid cream is used for backfill pit, fill mine working with ardealite, fill cost and account for 1/5 of mining cost, not only saved filling cost, and improve utilization of three wastes rate, decrease environmental pollution.But, due to factors such as ardealite gelling agent casting resin viscosity is high, sedimentation fast, condensation is fast, many, the easy pluggings of fine grained, difficult cleanings; 2, by the agent of ardealite production Flocculated Cement, the crystal habit of ardealite is identical with the plaster of paris, for prismatic or cylindricality plate crystal, chemical composition and plaster of paris composition basic simlarity, but due to containing solubility phosphorus pentoxide, phosphate, soluble fluoride, insoluble phosphorus pentoxide and organic impurities etc., the hydration time of cement can be extended, reduce early strength and extend setting time, therefore ardealite directly can not be used as the set retarder of cement; 3, by ardealite sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, the method utilizes ammonia and carbonic acid gas that ardealite is changed into sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, and the quality requirement of the method to ardealite is higher, and production procedure is long, and investment is large; 4, ardealite is used for improve basic soil, containing phosphorus pentoxide in ardealite, cause ardealite aobvious acid, its pH value is 1.5 ~ 4.5, can be used to the alkalescence in sweetening of the soil, and the compositions such as the phosphorus contained in ardealite, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, sulphur and the calcium nutritive element that to be plant growth necessary.
Ardealite is utilized and improves saline land, after ardealite is manured into soil, can be the solubility calcium that soil provides sufficient, sodium ion in colloidal complex is replaced out, thus the basicity in reduction soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, reduce the pH value of soil, increase the infiltration capacity of soil.At present, adopting and using separately ardealite to improve saline land method is applied after in saline land by ardealite, carry out leaching process immediately, the method can improve the soil structure in saline land to a certain extent, but it is consuming time longer, general needs two triennium ability Planting Crops, and use ardealite process on slight alkaline land after, the germination rate of crops is still lower and later stage growing way is bad.Someone utilizes ardealite to be mixed with into modifying agent with flyash, humus and high nitrogen fertilizer material etc., and the effect obtained is better than using separately ardealite, but high expensive, and effect is still not good enough.Be soil conditioner of producing of raw material and production and preparation method thereof as the application number application for a patent for invention that is 201210522182.X discloses with ardealite, this modifying agent has ardealite, humus, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid to be mixed, and it has improves soil structure, adjustment soil pH, characteristic such as activation soil nutrient elements and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil calcium, sulphur, iron and zinc etc. to a certain extent.But this modifying agent cost is relatively high, lower to the adjustment force of soil pH.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of planting Fructus Akebiae on saline land, after the method adopts ardealite to carry out pretreatment to saline land, process with oil cake and compost again, thus the soil structure in effective improvement saline land, reduction soil pH, make this saline land be applicable to the growth of Fructus Akebiae, thus realize planting Fructus Akebiae on saline land.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technique effect particular by following technical scheme.
Saline land is planted a method for Fructus Akebiae, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung being mixed, stacks process 80 ~ 120 days, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stirs once, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 30 ~ 50%, then dig in saline land be deeply 10 ~ 15cm, wide be the ditch of 20 ~ 30cm, ditch distance is 30 ~ 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carry out rotary tillage process, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1 ~ 1.5m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.1 ~ 1.3m, wide 0.4 ~ the 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1 ~ 0.2m;
(5) cuttage: after terminating 15 ~ 30 days wholely, the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 60 ~ 70%, then growth selection is healthy and strong and without the lignified Fructus Akebiae branches and tendrils of damage by disease and insect, be cut into the cutting that length is 9 ~ 15cm, by cutting root-inducing powder immersion treatment 20 ~ 30min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, shading shed is taken to cutting, temperature of shed is regulated to be 15 ~ 20 DEG C, humidity regulation is 70 ~ 80%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 30 ~ 40%, after the young sprout of seedling grows to 5 ~ 10cm, shading shed is removed, and built is held up climing, grow to after 15 ~ 20cm until young sprout, every strain seedling executes the mixing fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1kg of ash, humus, ureaformaldehyde and compost, afterwards, 1 annual ~ March, execute mixing fertilizer 0.2 ~ 1kg/ strain of urea and farmyard manure; When Fructus Akebiae is bloomed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde 0.3 ~ 0.6kg are executed in every strain, and after Fructus Akebiae is born fruit, each carpopodium retains 2 ~ 3 fruits, are pinched by unnecessary, when Fructus Akebiae 8 ~ 9 is ripe, can pluck sale.
The fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
The weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung is (30 ~ 40): (20 ~ 30): (60 ~ 80): (80 ~ 120).
The density of described cutting is 400 ~ 600 plants/acre, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 1/3 ~ 2/3 of cutting length.
Described cutting leaves 1 ~ 3 eye.
Described root-inducing powder is ABT root-inducing powder.
The weight ratio of described ash, humus, ureaformaldehyde and compost is (10 ~ 15): (20 ~ 30): (10 ~ 20): (80 ~ 100).
In described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, phosphorus pentoxide 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, raw fiber 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.2% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
The weight ratio of described urea and farmyard manure is 10:(80 ~ 120).
The weight ratio of described potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde is (30 ~ 50): (50 ~ 70): (40 ~ 60): (20 ~ 30).
Described ardealite is the ardealite that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its calcium sulphate dihydrate is 50.7 ~ 86.2%, the content of total phosphorus pentoxide is 0.01 ~ 13.3%, the content of solubility phosphorus pentoxide is 0.01 ~ 0.68%, magnesian content is 0.23 ~ 0.53%, the content of fluorine ion is 0.12 ~ 0.48%, and pH value is 2.1 ~ 4.6.
It is fried that described Fructus Akebiae has another name called August, and its fruit is similar to banana, is rich in sugar, vitamin C and 12 seed amino acids, and the acid of figured silk fabrics base, methionine, isoleucine, phenyl alanine, lysine etc. that human body can not synthesize, fruity is fragrant and sweet, is free of contamination pollution-free food, has the title of " native banana ".Mainly be distributed in the ground such as Hunan, Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet, Fructus Akebiae fresh goods taste is sweet, energy reinforcing stomach reg fluid, reducing fever and causing diuresis.Fructus Akebiae main wild is among mountain forest, and current artificial planting scope is less.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention is by first regulating the moisture in saline land, again by after the table in ardealite and saline land soil Homogeneous phase mixing, overlay film moisturizing a period of time, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, and then carry out leaching process again, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, the content of sodium ion in soil is made to reduce by more than 50%, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land.
2. the present invention is by stacking process by phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung mixing, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raises the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung is stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, provides a large amount of microbial cells to saline land.
3. the present invention is by adopting ardealite to after the pretreatment of saline land, compost and oil cake is used again in saline land, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, and the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value.Moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce plant necessary nitrogen, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus.
4. the present invention is by after adopting above-mentioned process to saline land, adopt this saline land to plant Fructus Akebiae, utilize Fructus Akebiae strong stress resistance, the characteristic such as drought-enduring and barren-resistant, Fructus Akebiae is well-grown in the moderate saline-alkali soil adopting ardealite, compost and oil cake process.
5. the present invention is by Fructus Akebiae planting process, and in each operation in whole, cuttage and final-period management process and operation, the control of parameter, achieves the high and stable yields of Fructus Akebiae, reach per mu yield 6000 ~ 8000 jin.
6. primary raw material ardealite of the present invention, oil cake, cow dung, chicken manure and pig manure etc. are not only cheap, and wide material sources, particularly ardealite and oil cake are used, effectively can solve the stacking of ardealite and oil cake and the Cost Problems brought and problem of environmental pollution.
Test is adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention below:
Ardealite used is the ardealite that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its calcium sulphate dihydrate is 67.8%, the content of total phosphorus pentoxide is 6.1%, the content of solubility phosphorus pentoxide is 0.44%, magnesian content is 0.39%, the content of fluorine ion is 0.31%, and pH value is 3.7.In oil cake used containing organic 81%, nitrogen 4.5%, phosphorus pentoxide 2.3%, potassium oxide 1.9%, protein be 2.7%, raw fiber 6.8%, calcium 3.1%, choline 0.39%, nicotinic acid 0.9% and other vitamin substances 1.6.With the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental field, it is 0.40% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, measures its ion component content, and wherein, pH acidometer measures, and EC value conductivity gauge measures; Ca
2+and Mg
2+mensuration adopt EDTA titration; K
+and Na
+measure and adopt flame spectrometry; HCO
3 -and CO
3 2-adopt Dual-indicator neutralization titration; Cl
-mensuration adopt silver nitrate titration method; SO
4 2-mensuration adopt the method for EDTA indirect compleximetric determination.Measurement result is as table 1, and following table result is the mean value of 3 replications.
Table 1 soil ion composition analysis
Wherein, total amount percentage refers to the percentage that anion accounts for total anion total amount, and cation accounts for the percentage of cation total amount.
Test one
Divided into groups this experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
The different leaching time of table 2 is on the impact of experimental field
As can be seen from the table, leaching again after aluminum coated steel a period of time, not only in the pH value reducing soil to a greater extent, and can significantly can reduce the total salt content of soil.Test shows: after using ardealite, overlay film carries out leaching in 14 days again, the decline of soil pH value and total salt content is the most obvious, and along with the increase of overlay film time, and the amount of the slippage of soil pH value and total salt content and overlay film 14 days leaching does not again have much changes.
Test two:
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 3 different phosphate gypsum amount of application is to the improved effect in saline land
As can be seen from the above table, when the amount of application of ardealite is less than 600kg/ mu, its soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and the amount of application of ardealite is when being greater than 600kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, when the amount of application of ardealite is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, best results.
Test three
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 4 different ratios of raw materials is to the improved effect in saline land
In table 4, some test procedure does not provide in detail, and the test procedure do not provided in detail all adopts method of the present invention to process, and the processing method of experimental group one to experimental group eight is the same.As can be seen from Table 4, use separately ardealite and process saline land, the survival rate of Fructus Akebiae cutting is lower, and later stage growing way is bad; The effect executing ardealite and compost treatment is better than executing separately ardealite, but effect is undesirable; Execute that ardealite and oil cake process saline land, effect is than executing the good of ardealite and compost, but still undesirable; Execute ardealite, compost and oil cake to process saline land, effectiveness comparison is desirable, although the germination rate of Fructus Akebiae cutting is on the low side, this is mainly due to the impact of cuttage technique, and the cutting propagation technology of current Fructus Akebiae, cuttage survival rate is only about 88%.Can be found out by the result of the test of experimental group four to experimental group eight, when compost amount of application is below 1200kg/ mu and oil cake amount of application is below 700kg/ mu, along with the increase of amount of application, the survival rate of Fructus Akebiae significantly improves, and after at compost amount of application, that to be more than 1200kg/ mu and oil cake amount of application be is more than 700kg/ mu, the survival rate change of Fructus Akebiae is little, and the later stage growing way of Fructus Akebiae is all better, therefore determine that the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu, consumption is many can cause the waste of fertilizer, increase cost.
What illustrate is, several test examples that above-mentioned experiment is only used to verify beneficial effect of the present invention and enumerates, the test done to complete the present invention is far above in this, simultaneously, above-mentioned test just illustrates, does not form any pro forma restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
Saline land is planted a method for Fructus Akebiae, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: ardealite is dried to its moisture be after 5%, sending into and being ground into fineness in cracker is 100 order phosphogypsum powders, after pulverizing, be conducive to the contact area increasing ardealite and soil, accelerate the reaction of salinity in ardealite and soil;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung being mixed, stacks process 100 days, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raise the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung are stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, there is provided a large amount of microbial cells to saline land, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stir once, to reduce the temperature of compost, the too high meeting of temperature to cause in compost the volatilization of some nutritive element, obtains compost, and the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung is 30:20:60:80;
(3) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.42%, pH value is 8.6, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 30%, be conducive to the formation of granular structure, then digging dark in saline land is 10cm, wide is the ditch of 20cm, ditch distance is 30cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, ardealite and table soil is conducive to mix, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 600kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film 14 days, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land,
(4) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200kg/ mu and 700kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.1m, the wide 0.4m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1m, unpack be conducive to control Fructus Akebiae density and prevent ponding,
(5) cuttage: after terminating 15 days wholely, the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 60%, ardealite and oil cake are fully reacted, give full play to the synergy of ardealite and oil cake, and make microorganism amount reproduction, the control of moisture is conducive to the survival rate improving Fructus Akebiae cuttage seeding, then growth selection is healthy and strong and without the lignified Fructus Akebiae branches and tendrils of damage by disease and insect, be cut into the cutting that length is 9cm, by cutting ABT root-inducing powder immersion treatment 20min, by cutting cuttage in centre position, face, railway carriage or compartment, the density of cutting is 400 plants/acre, the degree of depth of cuttage is 1/3 of cutting length, described cutting leaves 1 eye,
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, shading shed is taken to cutting, this shade adopts bamboo to be barricaded as domes, covered with plastic film again, take and tear open convenient and be conducive to regulating temperature of shed and moisture, temperature of shed is regulated to be 15 DEG C, humidity regulation is 70%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 30%, interpolation is carried out for the cutting do not survived, after the young sprout of seedling grows to 5cm, shading shed is removed, and built is held up climing, this post is high 1.8 meters, plant a bamboo post for 4 meters in length and breadth, with wire netting, plot is linked to be a frame face, extract weeds long in ground at any time, grow to after 15cm until young sprout, every strain seedling executes ash, humus, the fertile 0.5kg of mixing of ureaformaldehyde and compost, ash, humus, the weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and compost is 10:20:10:80, afterwards, annual January, execute the fertile 0.2kg/ strain of mixing of urea and farmyard manure, the weight ratio of urea and farmyard manure is 10:80, when Fructus Akebiae is bloomed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde 0.3kg are executed in every strain, the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde is 30:50:40:20, after Fructus Akebiae is born fruit, each carpopodium retains 2 fruits, unnecessary tender fruit pinched, when Fructus Akebiae 8 ~ 9 is ripe, can sale be plucked.
Through statistics, adopt the method to plant Fructus Akebiae on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 84%, and within after cuttage 3 years, can reach high and stable yields, output reaches more than 6000 pounds/acre.
Embodiment two
Saline land is planted a method for Fructus Akebiae, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: ardealite is dried to its moisture be after 7%, sending into and being ground into fineness in cracker is 200 order phosphogypsum powders, after pulverizing, be conducive to the contact area increasing ardealite and soil, accelerate the reaction of salinity in ardealite and soil;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung being mixed, stacks process 120 days, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raise the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung are stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, there is provided a large amount of microbial cells to saline land, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stir once, to reduce the temperature of compost, the too high meeting of temperature to cause in compost the volatilization of some nutritive element, obtains compost, and the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung is 40:30:80:120;
(3) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.36%, pH value is 8.1, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 50%, be conducive to the formation of granular structure, then digging dark in saline land is 15cm, wide is the ditch of 30cm, ditch distance is 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, ardealite and table soil is conducive to mix, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film 30 days, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land,
(4) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1800kg/ mu and 1000kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1.5m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.3m, the wide 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.2m, unpack be conducive to control Fructus Akebiae density and prevent ponding,
(5) cuttage: after terminating 30 days wholely, the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 70%, ardealite and oil cake are fully reacted, give full play to the synergy of ardealite and oil cake, and make microorganism amount reproduction, the control of moisture is conducive to the survival rate improving Fructus Akebiae cuttage seeding, then growth selection is healthy and strong and without the lignified Fructus Akebiae branches and tendrils of damage by disease and insect, be cut into the cutting that length is 15cm, by cutting ABT root-inducing powder immersion treatment 30min, by cutting cuttage in centre position, face, railway carriage or compartment, the density of cutting is 400 plants/acre, the degree of depth of cuttage is 2/3 of cutting length, described cutting leaves 3 eyes,
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, shading shed is taken to cutting, this shade adopts bamboo to be barricaded as domes, covered with plastic film again, take and tear open convenient and be conducive to regulating temperature of shed and moisture, temperature of shed is regulated to be 20 DEG C, humidity regulation is 80%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 40%, interpolation is carried out for the cutting do not survived, after the young sprout of seedling grows to 10cm, shading shed is removed, and built is held up climing, this post is high 2.2 meters, plant a bamboo post for 5 meters in length and breadth, with wire netting, plot is linked to be a frame face, extract weeds long in ground at any time, grow to after 20cm until young sprout, every strain seedling executes ash, humus, the fertile 1kg of mixing of ureaformaldehyde and compost, ash, humus, the weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and compost is 15:30:20:100, afterwards, annual March, execute the fertile 1kg/ strain of mixing of urea and farmyard manure, the weight ratio of urea and farmyard manure is 10:120, when Fructus Akebiae is bloomed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde 0.6kg are executed in every strain, the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde is 50:70:60:30, after Fructus Akebiae is born fruit, each carpopodium retains 3 fruits, unnecessary tender fruit pinched, when Fructus Akebiae 8 ~ 9 is ripe, can sale be plucked.
Through statistics, adopt the method to plant Fructus Akebiae on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 88%, and within after cuttage 3 years, can reach high and stable yields, output reaches more than 7500 pounds/acre.
Embodiment three
Saline land is planted a method for Fructus Akebiae, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: ardealite is dried to its moisture be after 5%, sending into and being ground into fineness in cracker is 100 order phosphogypsum powders, after pulverizing, be conducive to the contact area increasing ardealite and soil, accelerate the reaction of salinity in ardealite and soil;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung being mixed, stacks process 100 days, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raise the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung are stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, there is provided a large amount of microbial cells to saline land, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stir once, to reduce the temperature of compost, the too high meeting of temperature to cause in compost the volatilization of some nutritive element, obtains compost, and the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung is 35:25:70:100;
(3) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.39%, pH value is 8.3, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 40%, be conducive to the formation of granular structure, then digging dark in saline land is 12cm, wide is the ditch of 25cm, ditch distance is 35cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, ardealite and table soil is conducive to mix, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 800kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film 20 days, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land,
(4) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1500kg/ mu and 800kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1.2m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.2m, the wide 0.5m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1m, unpack be conducive to control Fructus Akebiae density and prevent ponding,
(5) cuttage: after terminating 19 days wholely, the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 65%, ardealite and oil cake are fully reacted, give full play to the synergy of ardealite and oil cake, and make microorganism amount reproduction, the control of moisture is conducive to the survival rate improving Fructus Akebiae cuttage seeding, then growth selection is healthy and strong and without the lignified Fructus Akebiae branches and tendrils of damage by disease and insect, be cut into the cutting that length is 12cm, by cutting ABT root-inducing powder immersion treatment 25min, by cutting cuttage in centre position, face, railway carriage or compartment, the density of cutting is 500 plants/acre, the degree of depth of cuttage is 1/3 of cutting length, described cutting leaves 2 eyes,
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, shading shed is taken to cutting, this shade adopts bamboo to be barricaded as domes, covered with plastic film again, take and tear open convenient and be conducive to regulating temperature of shed and moisture, temperature of shed is regulated to be 18 DEG C, humidity regulation is 75%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 35%, interpolation is carried out for the cutting do not survived, after the young sprout of seedling grows to 8cm, shading shed is removed, and built is held up climing, this post is high 2 meters, plant a bamboo post for 4.5 meters in length and breadth, with wire netting, plot is linked to be a frame face, extract weeds long in ground at any time, grow to after 18cm until young sprout, every strain seedling executes ash, humus, the fertile 0.8kg of mixing of ureaformaldehyde and compost, ash, humus, the weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and compost is 12:25:15:90, afterwards, annual February, execute the fertile 0.6kg/ strain of mixing of urea and farmyard manure, the weight ratio of urea and farmyard manure is 10:100, when Fructus Akebiae is bloomed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde 0.4kg are executed in every strain, the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde is 40:60:50:25, after Fructus Akebiae is born fruit, each carpopodium retains 3 fruits, unnecessary tender fruit pinched, when Fructus Akebiae 8 ~ 9 is ripe, can sale be plucked.
Through statistics, adopt the method to plant Fructus Akebiae on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 89%, and within after cuttage 3 years, can reach high and stable yields, output is up to 8000 pounds/acre.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. on saline land, plant a method for Fructus Akebiae, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung being mixed, stacks process 80 ~ 120 days, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stirs once, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 30 ~ 50%, then dig in saline land be deeply 10 ~ 15cm, wide be the ditch of 20 ~ 30cm, ditch distance is 30 ~ 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carry out rotary tillage process, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1 ~ 1.5m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.1 ~ 1.3m, wide 0.4 ~ the 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1 ~ 0.2m;
(5) cuttage: after terminating 15 ~ 30 days wholely, the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 60 ~ 70%, then growth selection is healthy and strong and without the lignified Fructus Akebiae branches and tendrils of damage by disease and insect, be cut into the cutting that length is 9 ~ 15cm, by cutting root-inducing powder immersion treatment 20 ~ 30min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, shading shed is taken to cutting, temperature of shed is regulated to be 15 ~ 20 DEG C, humidity regulation is 70 ~ 80%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 30 ~ 40%, after the young sprout of seedling grows to 5 ~ 10cm, shading shed is removed, and built is held up climing, grow to after 15 ~ 20cm until young sprout, every strain seedling executes the mixing fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1kg of ash, humus, ureaformaldehyde and compost, afterwards, 1 annual ~ March, execute mixing fertilizer 0.2 ~ 1kg/ strain of urea and farmyard manure; When Fructus Akebiae is bloomed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde 0.3 ~ 0.6kg are executed in every strain, and after Fructus Akebiae is born fruit, each carpopodium retains 2 ~ 3 fruits, are pinched by unnecessary, when Fructus Akebiae 8 ~ 9 is ripe, can pluck sale.
2. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
3. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung is (30 ~ 40): (20 ~ 30): (60 ~ 80): (80 ~ 120).
4. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the density of described cutting is 400 ~ 600 plants/acre, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 1/3 ~ 2/3 of cutting length.
5. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cutting leaves 1 ~ 3 eye.
6. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described root-inducing powder is ABT root-inducing powder.
7. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described ash, humus, ureaformaldehyde and compost is (10 ~ 15): (20 ~ 30): (10 ~ 20): (80 ~ 100).
8. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, phosphorus pentoxide 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, raw fiber 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.2% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
9. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described urea and farmyard manure is 10:(80 ~ 120).
10. on saline land, plant the method for Fructus Akebiae as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, compost and ureaformaldehyde is (30 ~ 50): (50 ~ 70): (40 ~ 60): (20 ~ 30).
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| CN112237116A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-19 | 昆明学院 | Seedless cultivation method of holboellia latifolia |
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