CN105488773A - Reversible information hiding method based on blocked self-adaptive histogram translation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of multimedia information security, in particular relates to a reversible information hiding method based on blocked self-adaptive histogram translation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) blocking a carrier image, and computing a peak value of each sub-block histogram; (2) self-adaptively selecting a sub-block for embedding information according to embedding capacity of each sub-block; (3) adopting a method for self-adaptively selecting histogram translation direction while embedding the information. The invention is a novel histogram translation method which is capable of effectively embedding the information and losslessly extracting the embedded information and recovering an original image; through the adoption of the blocked method, the embedded information is safer and the integral embedding rate is improved, the self-adaptive selected histogram translation direction can effectively improve the peak signal to noise ratio of the image to further improve the image quality, thereby providing help for the medical treatment, military and the like applications. Through the adoption of the method, the higher the precision of the image is, the better the reversible information hiding effect is.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of multi-media information safety, be specifically related to a kind of reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram.
Background technology
It is useful Information hiding carried out sending and propagating in disclosed image that view data is hidden.Most Data Hiding all can make image produce irreversible distortion, but in some practical application, the image modification caused because of embedding information is unacceptable.For example in the field such as military, medical, not only, information is significant, and initial carrier image is equally also indispensable.The object of reversible information concealing technology is, user intactly can not only extract the information of embedding, the recovery original image that simultaneously can can't harm.Not only at military and medical field, reversible information concealing technology has wide development space, and in judicial domain, user right multiple management field, it has good development prospect equally.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the method for the present invention is that proposes a kind of histogram translation reversible information hidden method based on block adaptive, compared to existing histogram shift method, the inventive method can carry out the embedding of information in the picture quality situation that maintenance is higher, and the information extraction that can can't harm recover original image, realize lossless reciprocal Information hiding, for medical treatment and military affairs are offered help, and the inventive method is highly suitable for high precision image.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on a histogram translation reversible information hidden method for block adaptive, comprise the following steps:
(1) to carrier image piecemeal, adaptive selection embedded block, following step is comprised:
(11) carrier image is divided into the sub-block of M N*N size, and by its scramble, all sub-blocks be divided into two class S and A, S class sub-block to be used for being embedded with effective information, category-A sub-block is for embedding additional information;
(12) before being embedded with effective information, first calculate the embedding capacity of each sub-block, according to the length computation embedding capacity threshold value R of effective information, determine message block to be embedded with this;
(13) for the sub-block of the selected embedding information that is used for, overflow after preventing embedding information, pre-service need be carried out to sub-block, do and overflow adjustment, that is: each pixel is scanned one by one according to order from left to right from top to bottom, the pixel being 0,1,254,255 to pixel value makes marks, and (pixel value is 1 or 254 do not adjust, and is labeled as 0; Pixel value be 0 be adjusted to 1, pixel value be 255 be adjusted to 254, and be labeled as 1), this 0,1 mark forms location map LM1;
(14) note when selected embedded block, if (pixel value x when the histogrammic peak value of sub-block refers to that h (x) obtains maximal value of peak pixel value in current sub-block, the pixel value that namely pixel is maximum in a sub-block) on the left margin of this sub-block histogram effective width and the bit information embedded when being 0 entirely, make mistakes for avoiding extraction, adopt 0,1 sequence mark, occur that the sub-block of these type of special circumstances is labeled as 1, otherwise be labeled as 0, this 0,1 Sequence composition location map LM2;
(15) mark each sub-block by 0,1 sequence and whether embedded in information, the sub-block that embedded in effective information is labeled as 1, otherwise is labeled as 0, this 0,1 Sequence composition location map LM3.
(2) direction of histogram translation during adaptive selection embedding information, is specially:
First draw the histogram of sub-block, histogram transverse axis x is pixel value, span [0,255], longitudinal axis h (x) is pixel number corresponding to each pixel value, if from 0 from left to right first non-zero h (x) respective pixel value be a, from 255 from right to left first non-zero h (x) respective pixel value be b, the valid pixel value span that so histogram is corresponding is [a, b], compares the distance of peak pixel value max and a, b in histogram, if max is nearer apart from b, then histogram is to right translation, otherwise histogram is to left.
(3) be embedded into the effective information in carrier image in order to transmit leg can be extracted and recover original image, transmit leg also needs the additional informations such as the peak pixel value of the sub-block by embedded in information to be also embedded in image to send take over party to, adaptively selected bit length reduces additional information, and concrete steps are as follows:
(31) according to the histogram distribution of sub-block, its effective width range is calculated;
(32) determine to represent the minimum number of bits k needed for (range+1), adding 1 is because consider that histogram translation may make effective width increase, and exceeds the scope that k bit can represent;
(33) represented with k bit the position of peak value in histogram, positional number is counted from 0.
(4) effective information embedding complete after, adopt the method for histogram translation additional information to be embedded in reserved category-A sub-block, additional information comprises the side information etc. of location map, each sub-block peak value.
(5) take over party is after receiving the image carrying embedding information, and the process of information extraction, recovery original image is:
(51) will the image block of embedding information be carried and scramble equally, and first extract the additional information in category-A sub-block, draw the positional information of location map and the histogrammic peak value of embedded block, and recover to adjust the spilling of category-A sub-block;
(52) sub-block is scanned, the sub-block of the information of carrying can be found out according to location map LM3, according to the histogram calculation pixel distribution scope range of sub-block, then according to the peak-location information extracted and special circumstances signature LM2 to determine the pixel value of peak point;
(53) if the position of peak value in histogram is more than or equal to
deducibility goes out information, and when embedding, histogram is to right translation, then, when extracting, histogram is to left; Otherwise histogram is to right translation during information extraction; The last spill down correction of foundation again location map LM1 does the image after information extraction and overflows adjustment; Thus, the information of embedding can be extracted, and harmless recover original image.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is: the present invention is a kind of novel histogram shift method, information can be embedded efficiently and information, recovery original image embedded by the extraction that can can't harm, embedding information is safer, raising embed wholly rate to adopt the method for piecemeal to make, adaptively selected histogram translation direction then effectively can improve the Y-PSNR of image, improves picture quality further.Thus can offer help for medical, military etc. application, the reversible information concealment effect of the inventive method to the higher image of precision is better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 adopts the inventive method to carry out the hiding process flow diagram of reversible information;
Fig. 2 is the statistical experiment result figure embedding information at lena image.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing, only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as the restriction to this patent; In order to better the present embodiment is described, some parts of accompanying drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent the size of actual product;
To those skilled in the art, in accompanying drawing, some known features and explanation thereof may be omitted is understandable.Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
As Fig. 1, in the inventive method based on the process flow diagram of the reversible information hidden method of block adaptive histogram translation, its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) to carrier image piecemeal, adaptive selection embedded block, be specially:
(11) carrier image is divided into the sub-block of M N*N size, and by its scramble;
(12) will two class S and A, S class sub-block be divided into be used for being embedded with effective information by the sub-block of scramble, category-A sub-block be for embedding additional information;
(13) for the S class sub-block being used for being embedded with effective information, first calculate the histogram of each sub-block, draw its embedding capacity;
(14) pressed descending sort according to the embedding capacity of each sub-block, calculated the complete embedding capacity threshold value R be embedded with required by effective information of sub-block using minimum number;
(15) scanning is by the sub-block after scramble, and calculate its embedding capacity, if embedding capacity >=R, then this sub-block is used for being embedded with effective information, otherwise skips, until all effective informations embed completely;
(16) for the sub-block being used for being embedded with effective information selected, overflow after preventing being embedded with effective information, pre-service need be carried out to S class sub-block, that is: each pixel is scanned one by one according to order from left to right from top to bottom, the pixel being 0,1,254,255 to pixel value makes marks, and (pixel value is 1 or 254 do not adjust, and is labeled as 0; Pixel value be 0 be adjusted to 1, pixel value be 255 be adjusted to 254, and be labeled as 1), this 0,1 mark forms location map LM1;
(17) note when selected embedded block, if peak pixel value is on the left margin of this sub-block histogram effective width and the bit information embedded when being 0 entirely in current sub-block, make mistakes for avoiding extraction, adopt 0,1 sequence mark, occur that the sub-block of these type of special circumstances is labeled as 1, otherwise be labeled as 0, this 0,1 Sequence composition location map LM2;
(18) mark each sub-block by 0,1 sequence and whether embedded in information, the sub-block that embedded in effective information is labeled as 1, otherwise is labeled as 0, this 0,1 Sequence composition location map LM3.
(2) direction of histogram translation during adaptive selection embedding information, is specially:
(21) to meeting the sub-block embedding and require, first obtain its histogram, the pixel value range [a, b] of then compute histograms distribution, finds out peak pixel value;
(22) distance length (a), the length (b) between peak pixel value and a, b two-end-point is calculated, if length (a)≤length (b), then embed information time histogram to right translation, otherwise histogram is to left;
(23) if judge, histogram is to right translation, and the pixel p of scanning sub-block, embedding ratio is specially for b (b is 0 or 1), and the pixel value after embedding information is p
*, then:
Otherwise histogram is to left if judge, then:
(3) be embedded into the effective information in carrier image in order to transmit leg can be extracted and recover original image, transmit leg also needs the additional informations such as the peak pixel value of the sub-block by embedded in information to be also embedded in image to send take over party to, adaptively selected bit length reduces additional information, and concrete steps are as follows:
(31) according to the histogram distribution of sub-block, its effective width range is calculated;
(32) determine to represent the minimum number of bits k needed for (range+1), adding 1 is because consider that histogram translation may make effective width increase, and exceeds the scope that k bit can represent;
(33) represented with k bit the position of peak value in histogram, positional number is counted from 0.
(4) effective information embedding complete after, adopt the method for histogram translation additional information to be embedded in reserved category-A sub-block, additional information comprises the side information etc. of location map, each sub-block peak value, and concrete steps are:
(41) overflow after preventing histogram translation, first spill down correction is carried out to category-A sub-block, that is: each pixel is scanned one by one according to order from left to right from top to bottom, the pixel being 0,1,254,255 to pixel value makes marks, and (pixel value is 1 or 254 do not adjust, and is labeled as 0; Pixel value be 0 be adjusted to 1, pixel value be 255 be adjusted to 254, and be labeled as 1), this signature LM4 is also placed in additional information;
(42) calculate the length of all additional informations, before length information is placed in additional information, be embedded into category-A sub-block in the lump together with additional information.
(5) take over party is after receiving the image carrying embedding information, and the step of information extraction, recovery original image is as follows:
(51) image block of embedding information will be carried and scramble equally, in category-A sub-block, first extract the content of additional information, draw the positional information mpNum of location map and the histogrammic peak value of embedded block, and recover to adjust the spilling of category-A sub-block according to the signature LM4 extracted;
(52) S class sub-block is scanned, the sub-block of the information of carrying can be found out according to location map LM3, according to the histogram calculation pixel distribution scope range of sub-block, then according to the peak-location information extracted and special circumstances signature LM2 to determine the pixel value of peak point;
If do not belong to special circumstances according to the current fritter of LM2, so the pixel value of peak point is:
mp＝startP+mpNum+1
Otherwise, if belong to special circumstances, then have:
mp＝startP+mpNum
Wherein startP is the pixel value of first pixel number non-zero in current fritter;
(53) if the position of peak value in histogram
deducibility go out information embed time histogram to right translation, then extract time, peak value max, scanning element point p
*, extract bit information b, the pixel of recovery is p °, has:
Otherwise, if the position of peak value in histogram
have:
(54) when information extraction, simultaneously recover the spilling adjustment to the information of embedding sub-block according to spill down correction location map LM1: by each pixel in order scanning sub-block from left to right from top to bottom, it is the pixel of 1 or 254 to pixel value, judge whether this pixel carries out overcorrect according to LM1, if, then its pixel value is adjusted to 0 or 255, otherwise constant.
Thus, what can't harm while extracting embedding information has recovered original image.
The principle of the inventive method is as follows:
The inventive method have employed the method for piecemeal, and compared to the method for existing histogram translation, embedding capacity is significantly increased; Embedding capacity according to each sub-block carrys out moving direction when adaptive selection embedded block and the invalid mobile quantity next adaptive selection sub-block embedding information according to the translation of sub-block histogram, effectively can improve PSNR (PeakSignaltoNoiseRatio) value of image; In addition, the determination carrying out self-adaptation according to the histogrammic effective width of each sub-block, for representing binary figure place of peak information, effectively can reduce the length of additional information.
Provide some experimental results utilizing the inventive method below:
For the lena gray level image of 512*512, image is divided into the sub-block of 32*32 size, so always has 256 sub-blocks.The sub-block of image is carried out scramble, 1-192 sub-block is used for being embedded with effective information, 193-256 sub-block is used for embedding additional information.Calculate different embedding rate lower obtain PSNR value between image and original image.Experimental result shows, and the inventive method effectively can improve embedding rate and the PSNR value of image, and the embedding information that extracts that can can't harm, recovery initial carrier image.Fig. 2 gets 20 different key to carry out scramble image, does the experimental result of statistical average gained.From experimental result, the inventive method effectively can improve the embedding rate of image and improve picture quality.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.All any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., within the protection domain that all should be included in the claims in the present invention.
Claims (4)
1., based on a reversible information hidden method for block adaptive histogram translation, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) to carrier image piecemeal, adaptive selection effective information sub-block to be embedded, its detailed process is:
(11) carrier image is divided into the sub-block of M N*N size, and by its scramble, all sub-blocks be divided into two class S and A, S class sub-block to be used for being embedded with effective information, category-A sub-block is for embedding additional information;
(12) before being embedded with effective information, first calculate the embedding capacity of each sub-block, according to the length computation embedding capacity threshold value R of effective information to be embedded, select corresponding effective information sub-block to be embedded with this;
(13) for preventing histogram after embedding information from overflowing, pre-service need be carried out to all sub-blocks, doing and overflow adjustment;
(2) direction of histogram translation during adaptive selection embedding information, is specially:
First draw the histogram of sub-block, histogram transverse axis x is pixel value, span [0,255], longitudinal axis h (x) is pixel number corresponding to each pixel value, if from 0 from left to right first non-zero h (x) respective pixel value be a, from 255 from right to left first non-zero h (x) respective pixel value be b, the valid pixel value span that so histogram is corresponding is [a, b], compares the distance of peak pixel value max and a, b in this histogram, if max is nearer apart from b, then this histogram is to right translation, otherwise this histogram is to left;
(3) additional information of the sub-block that embedded in effective information be embedded in image and transmit, the bit length of adaptively selected additional information, is specially:
(31) according to the histogram distribution of sub-block, its effective width range is calculated;
(32) the minimum number of bits k of effective width means needed for the histogram of (range+1) is determined;
(33) represented with k bit the position of peak value in histogram, positional number is counted from 0;
(4) effective information embedding complete after, adopt the method for histogram translation additional information to be embedded in reserved category-A sub-block;
(5) after receiving the image carrying embedding information, the process of information extraction, recovery original image is:
(51) will the image block of embedding information be carried and scramble, and first extract the additional information in category-A sub-block, draw the positional information of location map and embedded block histogram peak, and recover to adjust the spilling of category-A sub-block;
(52) scan sub-block, find out the sub-block carrying effective information, according to the histogram calculation pixel distribution scope range of sub-block, and determine the pixel value of peak point;
(53) if the position of peak value in histogram is more than or equal to
namely histogram is to right translation when embedding for information, then, when extracting, histogram is to left; Otherwise histogram is to right translation during information extraction; Finally the image after information extraction is done and overflow adjustment; Thereby, it is possible to extract the information of embedding, and harmless recover original image.
2. the reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out pre-service, be specially selected effective information sub-block to be embedded:
Scan each pixel one by one according to order from left to right from top to bottom, the pixel that pixel value is 0,1,254,255 is made marks; Wherein pixel value is 1 or 254 do not adjust, and is labeled as 0; Wherein pixel value be 0 be adjusted to 1, pixel value be 255 be adjusted to 254, and be labeled as 1, this 0,1 mark forms location map LM1;
If peak pixel value is on the left margin of this sub-block histogram effective width and the bit information embedded when being 0 entirely in current sub-block, be labeled as 1, otherwise be labeled as 0, this 0,1 mark forms location map LM2;
Mark each sub-block by 0,1 sequence and whether embedded in information, the sub-block that embedded in effective information is labeled as 1, otherwise is labeled as 0, this 0,1 Sequence composition location map LM3.
3. the reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, after described step (52) scanning sub-block, the sub-block carrying effective information is found out according to location map LM3, according to the histogram calculation pixel distribution scope range of sub-block, then according to the peak-location information extracted and special circumstances signature LM2 to determine the pixel value of peak point.
4. the reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described step (53), if the position of peak value in histogram is more than or equal to
namely histogram is to right translation when embedding for information, then, when extracting, histogram is to left; Otherwise histogram is to right translation during information extraction; The last spill down correction of foundation again location map LM1 does the image after information extraction and overflows adjustment; Thereby, it is possible to extract the information of embedding, and harmless recover original image.
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| CN106296620A (en) * | 2016-08-14 | 2017-01-04 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of color rendition method based on rectangular histogram translation |
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| CN107944282A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-20 | 安徽大学 | A kind of reversible information hidden method based on asymmetric prediction histogram of error modification |
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| CN108416725B (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2021-07-27 | 中山大学 | Asymmetric JPEG steganography method based on elimination of blocking effect |
| CN108447492A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-24 | 中山大学 | A kind of self-adapting histogram translation reversible information hidden method based on segmentation |
| CN108416725A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-17 | 中山大学 | A kind of asymmetric JPEG steganography methods based on elimination blocking artifact |
| CN108447492B (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2021-08-20 | 中山大学 | Self-adaptive histogram translation reversible information hiding method based on segmentation |
| CN109523453A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-26 | 中山大学 | Reversible information based on diamond shape prediction and image pixel sequence hides and extracting method |
| CN109617682B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-11-13 | 北京邮电大学 | Ciphertext domain reversible information hiding method based on histogram left-right shifting |
| CN112907432A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-04 | 桂林理工大学 | Reversible watermark data hiding method based on bilinear interpolation |
| CN113923314A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-11 | 河海大学 | Reversible data hiding method and device based on multiple residual error histogram translation |
| CN113923314B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-08-05 | 河海大学 | Reversible data hiding method and device |
| CN114037593A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-11 | 淮阴工学院 | Reversible image watermarking algorithm based on reverse histogram translation |
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