CN105486218A - Smart material strain gauge for monitoring strain of asphalt pavement and application - Google Patents
Smart material strain gauge for monitoring strain of asphalt pavement and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN105486218A CN105486218A CN201610017581.9A CN201610017581A CN105486218A CN 105486218 A CN105486218 A CN 105486218A CN 201610017581 A CN201610017581 A CN 201610017581A CN 105486218 A CN105486218 A CN 105486218A
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- strainometer
- strain
- smart material
- cylinder shape
- shape bar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
Abstract
The invention discloses a smart material strain gauge for monitoring the strain of an asphalt pavement and application. The smart material strain gauge includes a column-shaped bar and fixing components which are installed at two ends of the column-shaped bar and are used for fixing the column-shaped bar; a plurality of built-in electrodes are arranged in the column-shaped bar; the fixing ends are made of black nylon 66; the column-shaped bar is made of a nylon 66 matrix composite smart material; the outer side of the column-shaped bar is provided with an encapsulation layer; and molten nylon 66 and a conductive phase are mixed so as to prepare the nylon 66 matrix composite smart material, wherein the conductive phase is a mixture of one or a plurality of components selected from graphite, nickel powder, carbon nanotubes or carbon nanotubes of which the surfaces are plated with nickel. According to the smart material strain gauge for monitoring the strain of the asphalt pavement of the invention, the nylon 66 matrix composite smart material has excellent smart property, can convert strain conditions into electrical signals, is a core component of the strain gauge, can be applied to the detection of strain, and has high reliability and high accuracy; and the nylon 66 matrix composite smart material has excellent deformation compatibility with the asphalt concrete pavement and can accurately monitor the strain of the asphalt pavement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of smart material strainometer and application of monitoring bituminous pavement strain, belong to road monitoring field.
Background technology
Asphalt Pavement is the main pavement structure form of China.Due to the complicacy of asphalt pavement material, structure, construction technology, mechanical analysis, the field monitoring of asphalt pavement structure are very difficult, Pavement Design and application person are difficult to the mechanical state accurately grasping bituminous pavement, this is very unfavorable to the determination of Asphalt Pavement Structure Design and maintenance program, and cause a large amount of breaking of pitch surface in early stages, there is serious quantities waste thus, adverse effect is caused to driving, and cause other society and environmental problems.Under the complex environment of temperature, wet and Vehicle Load, the mechanical state of asphalt concrete structure layer is very complicated.The mechanical state of accurate grasp asphalt pavement structure is for the scientific design on road surface, and the earlier period damage reducing bituminous pavement is most important.
At present, monitoring road surface deflection is the common method that engineering circles evaluates pavement structure mechanical state, due to the impact such as analytical approach, material parameter, adopt the actual mechanical state being difficult to obtain pavement structure inside in this way, cannot provide scientific basis for the design of pavement structure, maintenance, the test of bituminous texture layer interior mechanics state seems very necessary.At present, in the monitoring of asphalt pavement structure ess-strain, resistance strain plate is occupied an leading position, and Fiber Bragg Grating technology also has application.But because traditional monitoring element needs pre-buried and high temperature in bituminous concrete to roll, this special moulding process and severe working environment make that monitoring element survival rate is low, poor durability.Therefore, a kind of bituminous texture layer internal stress strain testing technology of with low cost, reliable, good endurance is needed badly.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcomings and deficiencies that above-mentioned prior art exists, the present invention intends proposing a kind of smart material strainometer and application of monitoring bituminous pavement strain.This strainometer have highly sensitive, structure is simple, easy to operate, with low cost, reliability is high and the feature such as good endurance, can realize monitoring and signal collection automatically.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of nylon66 fiber base compound smart material, be mixed with by melted nylon 66 and conductive phase and form, described conductive phase is one or more the potpourri in the carbon nano-tube of graphite, nickel powder, carbon nano-tube or plating nickel on surface.
Described graphite is in the allotrope of carbon, and carbon content is high, and conductivity is high, and stable in properties (mainly refer to heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant, do not react, good endurance with base material), easily disperses, with low cost; Described nickel powder conductive phase belongs in metal powder that conductivity is high, the material of stable in properties, easily dispersion, moderate cost; The carbon nano-tube conductive of described carbon nano-tube and plating nickel on surface is better, and stable in properties, more easily disperses, and agility is excellent.
Preferably, when conductive phase is graphite, the mass ratio of graphite and nylon66 fiber is 30-60:100; When conductive phase is nickel powder, the mass ratio of nickel powder and nylon66 fiber is 20-50:100; When conductive phase is carbon nano-tube, the mass ratio of carbon nano-tube and nylon66 fiber is 1-5:100; When conductive phase is the nickel-plating carbon nanotube of plating nickel on surface, the carbon nano-tube of plating nickel on surface and the mass ratio of nylon66 fiber are 1-5:100.
The carbon nano-tube of plating nickel on surface, when not affecting the excellent agility of carbon nano-tube, can improve conductivity, and be beneficial to dispersion.
The blending of conductive phase can gather the advantage of all kinds of conductive phase, when the less volume of conductive phase, obtains good electric conductivity and excellent agility.
The application of above-mentioned nylon66 fiber base compound smart material in the strainometer of preparation monitoring bituminous pavement strain.
A kind of smart material strainometer of monitoring bituminous pavement strain, comprise cylinder shape bar, be arranged on the retaining element for fixed leg bodily form bar at cylinder shape bar two ends respectively, several built-in electrodes are provided with in cylinder shape bar, described retaining element is made up of black nylon 66, cylinder shape bar is made up of described nylon66 fiber base compound smart material, cylinder shape bar arranged outside encapsulated layer.
Encapsulation material therefor can be resin, tackifier etc., need meet the requirement such as insulation, moisture-proof anticorrosive, high temperature resistant (205 DEG C).
Preferably, described strainometer comprises monitoring bituminous pavement stretching strain strainometer and monitoring bituminous pavement compressive strain strainometer, and described retaining element is cylindrical shield.
Preferred further, the maximum ratio of the length of cylinder shape bar of described stretching strain strainometer and the length of any two points line of each bottom surface is 15 ~ 20, and each bottom surface any two points wire length is less than or equal to need monitor 1/3rd of bituminous texture thickness.
Described cylinder is positive cylinder, and bottom surface refers to that horizontal both sides are parallel to each other and two faces that size is identical, and on the other side is side, and namely often adjacent two face intersections are parallel to each other for lateral feature, and it is high that this intersection is cylinder, also the length of i.e. cylinder shape bar.
Described stretching strain strainometer fundamental purpose is for monitoring bituminous texture stretching strain in the end or layer layer by layer, and best monitoring state is that monitoring element is infinitely small, only monitors the strain of a certain specified point.But the operability of the manufacture craft of element own and the sensitivity of alert and resourceful reaction in actual applications, need be considered; And component size should be reduced as far as possible, make monitored area as far as possible little, improve monitoring accuracy, react the logarithmic strain situation of bituminous pavement.Consider the every a layer thickness of general bituminous texture layer, make above regulation.
Preferred further, described compressive strain strainometer two ends cylindrical shield dimensional requirement is that the section radius of cylindrical shield is greater than the radius in the cross section of cylinder shape bar; The length of cylinder shape bar should be less than or equal to 1/2nd of required monitoring of structures layer thickness, and on each bottom surface of cylinder shape bar, any two points wire length is less than or equal to the length of cylinder shape bar.
Preferably, described encapsulated layer comprises rubberised layer and is linked in the sleeve pipe outside rubberised layer.
Preferably, the number of described built-in electrode is two, and two built-in electrodes be arranged in parallel.
The using method of above-mentioned smart material strainometer, is embedded at the bottom of the layer of structural sheet to be monitored or in layer by stretching strain strainometer level; Or in layer top compressive strain strainometer being vertically embedded in structural sheet to be monitored or layer, cylinder shape bar be parallel to bituminous texture layer embedding time be that level is embedding, cylinder shape bar vertical embedding time be vertically embedding.
The application of above-mentioned smart material strainometer in the strain of monitoring bituminous pavement, the parameter of strainometer comprises between interval, the monitoring section of losing efficacy, sensitivity and operating temperature range.
Preferably, the inefficacy interval of strainometer is > 30000 μ ε, and be 8% ~ 10% between monitoring section, sensitivity is 0.0025 ~ 0.01%/μ ε, and operating temperature range is-20 ~ 70 DEG C.
This strainometer can not destroy in using in large sstrain situation, can monitor large-scale strain value; Sensitivity is moderate, and can respond to comparatively small strain and be not subject to external interference, stability is better; Strainometer operating temperature range is extensive, can adapt to the change of bituminous pavement temperature, is adapted to the long term monitoring of strain in the middle of bituminous pavement operation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, nylon66 fiber base compound smart material of the present invention has excellent smart property, and strained situation can be converted to electric signal, be the core component of strainometer, and can be applicable to the detection strained, fiduciary level is high, and degree of accuracy is good.
2, described nylon66 fiber base compound smart material and bituminous concrete pavement have good compatibility of deformation, can the strain of accurate measurements bituminous pavement.
3, strainometer of the present invention each element constitutive material wide material sources, cheap, and moulding process is comparatively simple, with low cost, effectively can reduce bituminous pavement strain regime monitoring cost, can large-scale popularization, widespread use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is stretching strain strain gauge structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is compressive strain strain gauge structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is smart material strain-resistance change rate figure.
Wherein, 1, cylinder shape bar, 2, built-in electrode, 3, cylindrical shield, 4, external circuit.In Fig. 3, dotted line represents strain, and solid line represents resistance change rate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of smart material strainometer of monitoring bituminous pavement strain, comprise cylinder shape bar 1, be arranged on the cylindrical shield 3 for fixed leg bodily form bar 1 at cylinder shape bar 1 two ends respectively, several built-in electrodes 2 are provided with in cylinder shape bar 1, described cylindrical shield 3 is made up of black nylon 66, cylinder shape bar 1 is made up of described nylon66 fiber base compound smart material, and cylinder shape bar 1 arranged outside encapsulated layer, built-in electrode 2 is connected with external circuit 4.
In described two class strainometers, nylon66 fiber base compound smart material is mixed together by melted nylon 66 and conductive phase, should first by black nylon 66 and the abundant mix of conductive phase during preparation, add double screw extrusion machine after stirring 2 ~ 5min, extrude 2 ~ 3 times, extrudate injection machine is shaped.
Cylinder shape bar 1 height that described stretching strain strainometer nylon66 fiber base compound smart material is made is 15 ~ 20 with bottom surface any two points line maximal value ratio, and bottom surface any two points wire length is less than or equal to need monitor 1/3rd of bituminous texture thickness.Two ends cylinder stiff end is cylindrical shield 3, when being mainly used in embedding, strainometer is fixed on bituminous texture layer to be measured.Concrete dimensional requirement is, cylindrical shield 3 section radius should be greater than the section radius of cylinder shape bar 1, and cylindrical shield 3 length-diameter ratio should be less, is beneficial to fixedly be as the criterion.
The cylinder shape bar 1 of described stretching strain strainometer arranges two built-in electrodes 2, and be parallel to cylindrical shield 3 bottom surface and arrange, for measurement, built-in electrode 2 protective layer thickness (electrode distance bottom surface distance) is set to be not less than 5mm.Built-in electrode 2 can be netted, coiled type etc., also independently can form a plane.The material of built-in electrode 2 can adopt the materials such as stainless steel, copper, aluminium, alloy.Be of a size of and be adapted to sensor element size.
Packaging protection need be carried out, isolating exterior environment in the outside of described stretching strain strainometer cylinder shape bar 1.Encapsulated layer should be fitted closely with element, and encapsulation material therefor can be resin, tackifier etc., need meet the requirement such as insulation, moisture-proof anticorrosive, high temperature resistant (205 DEG C).
Described compressive strain strainometer two ends cylindrical shield dimensional requirement is that the section radius of cylindrical shield 3 should be greater than the section radius of cylinder shape bar 1, and cylindrical shield 3 length-diameter ratio should be less, is beneficial to fixedly be as the criterion; Cylinder shape bar 1 height that nylon66 fiber base compound smart material is made should be less than or equal to 1/2nd of required monitoring of structures layer thickness, and bottom surface any two points wire length is less than or equal to the height of cylinder shape bar 1.
Described compressive strain strainometer cylinder shape bar 1 arranges two built-in electrodes 2, and the bottom surface being parallel to cylindrical shield 3 is arranged, and for measurement, built-in electrode 2 protective layer thickness (electrode distance bottom surface distance) is set to be not less than 5mm.Built-in electrode 2 can be netted, coiled type etc., also independently can form a plane.Built-in electrode material can adopt the materials such as stainless steel, copper, aluminium, alloy.Be of a size of and be adapted to sensor element size.
Packaging protection need be carried out, isolating exterior environment in described compressive strain strainometer cylinder shape bar 1 outside.Encapsulated layer should be fitted closely with element, and encapsulation material therefor can be resin, tackifier etc., need meet the requirement such as insulation, moisture-proof anticorrosive, high temperature resistant (205 DEG C).
Described strainometer has good smart property, and this sentences compressive strain strain and counts example, can draw between interval, the monitoring section of losing efficacy, the parameter such as the temperature range of sensitivity and work by its component test curve, and stretching strain is identical therewith.
Known by the rupture strength of strain gauge element composition material nylon66 fiber base compound smart material, the rupture strength of material is at 31.79MPa, the modulus of material is 757.6MPa, then its compressive ultimate strain is 40000 μ ε, consider safety coefficient and the actual bearing load in road surface, the inefficacy interval of strainometer is > 30000 μ ε.
I.e. its test specification between the monitoring section of described strainometer, characterization system can bear the ability of maximum input quantity, can by following formulae discovery:
Y
FS＝Y
H-Y
L，
Wherein, Y
fSfor test specification, Y
hfor measuring the mean value (%) of upper limit institute output quantity, Y
lfor the mean value (%) of measurement lower limit institute output quantity.
Test specification is the difference exporting maximum resistance change rate and minimum resistance rate of change herein, is illustrated in figure 3 10%.Consider the otherness of strainometer, test specification can be 8% ~ 10%.
Described strainometer sensitivity refers to that the variable quantity of measuring system output quantity refers to the ratio of the variation delta y of measuring system output quantity and the variation delta x of input quantity:
Sensitivity=Δ y/ Δ x.
Herein, input quantity is strain, and when output quantity is resistance change rate, sensitivity is:
Wherein, K
εfor straining corresponding sensitivity coefficient, Δ R/R is resistance change rate, and Δ ε is strain variation amount.
As shown in Figure 3, sensitivity is 0.0025%/μ ε.Consider its otherness, the sensitivity of strainometer can reach 0.0025 ~ 0.01%/μ ε.
The temperature range of described strainometer work, consider the relation of element smart property and temperature, the temperature range of strainometer work is-20 ~ 70 DEG C.In practical operation, need to consider temperature compensation, concrete operation method is at the embedding same strain meter of same section, be located at the position that pavement edge does not stress, only by the impact of surrounding environment, for the change of monitoring of environmental temperature, obtain the relation between temperature and resistance change rate, strainometer survey data and deduct the change caused by temperature, eliminate the impact of temperature on strainometer monitoring pavement strain
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but the restriction not to invention protection domain; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a nylon66 fiber base compound smart material, is characterized in that: be mixed with by melted nylon 66 and conductive phase and form, and described conductive phase is one or more the potpourri in the carbon nano-tube of graphite, nickel powder, carbon nano-tube or plating nickel on surface.
2. nylon66 fiber base compound smart material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when conductive phase is graphite, and the mass ratio of graphite and nylon66 fiber is 30-60:100; When conductive phase is nickel powder, the mass ratio of nickel powder and nylon66 fiber is 20-50:100; When conductive phase is carbon nano-tube, the mass ratio of carbon nano-tube and nylon66 fiber is 1-5:100; When conductive phase is the carbon nano-tube of plating nickel on surface, the mass ratio of nickel-plating carbon nanotube and nylon66 fiber is 1-5:100.
3. the application of the arbitrary described nylon66 fiber base compound smart material of claim 1-2 in the strainometer of preparation monitoring bituminous pavement strain.
4. monitor the smart material strainometer of bituminous pavement strain for one kind, it is characterized in that: comprise cylinder shape bar, be arranged on the retaining element for fixed leg bodily form bar at cylinder shape bar two ends respectively, several built-in electrodes are provided with in cylinder shape bar, described stiff end is made up of black nylon 66, cylinder shape bar is made up of described nylon66 fiber base compound smart material, cylinder shape bar arranged outside encapsulated layer.
5. smart material strainometer according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described strainometer comprises monitoring bituminous pavement stretching strain strainometer and monitoring bituminous pavement compressive strain strainometer, and described retaining element is cylindrical shield.
6. smart material strainometer according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the maximum ratio of the length of cylinder shape bar of described stretching strain strainometer and the length of any two points line of each bottom surface is 15 ~ 20, each bottom surface any two points wire length is less than or equal to need monitor 1/3rd of bituminous texture thickness.
7. smart material strainometer according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described compressive strain strainometer two ends cylindrical shield dimensional requirement is that the section radius of cylindrical shield is greater than the radius in the cross section of cylinder shape bar; The length of cylinder shape bar should be less than or equal to 1/2nd of required monitoring of structures layer thickness, and on each bottom surface of cylinder shape bar, any two points wire length is less than or equal to the length of cylinder shape bar.
8. smart material strainometer according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described encapsulated layer comprises rubberised layer and is linked in the sleeve pipe outside rubberised layer, and described encapsulated layer and smart material element are fitted closely;
Or the number of described built-in electrode is two, two built-in electrodes be arranged in parallel.
9. the using method of the arbitrary described smart material strainometer of claim 5-8, is characterized in that: be embedded at the bottom of the layer of structural sheet to be monitored or in layer by stretching strain strainometer level; Or in layer top compressive strain strainometer being vertically embedded in structural sheet to be monitored or layer, cylinder shape bar be parallel to bituminous texture layer embedding time be that level is embedding, cylinder shape bar vertical embedding time be vertically embedding.
10. the application of the arbitrary described smart material strainometer of claim 5-8 in the strain of monitoring bituminous pavement, the parameter of strainometer comprises between interval, the monitoring section of losing efficacy, sensitivity and operating temperature range;
Preferably, the inefficacy interval of strainometer is > 30000 μ ε, and be 8% ~ 10% between monitoring section, sensitivity is 0.0025 ~ 0.01%/μ ε, and operating temperature range is-20 ~ 70 DEG C.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN108547203A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-18 | 河海大学 | Bituminous paving DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM based on OFDR and application method |
| CN109073353A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2018-12-21 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Strain transducer unit |
| CN109631742A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-16 | 东南大学 | A kind of flexible strain transducer and preparation method thereof based on carbon nanotube |
| CN112097814A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-18 | 山东大学 | I-shaped sensor and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112097814A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-18 | 山东大学 | I-shaped sensor and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105486218B (en) | 2019-07-02 |
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