CN105478763A - Laser forming method of TiC-Al-Gr composite material component - Google Patents

Laser forming method of TiC-Al-Gr composite material component Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105478763A
CN105478763A CN201510895580.XA CN201510895580A CN105478763A CN 105478763 A CN105478763 A CN 105478763A CN 201510895580 A CN201510895580 A CN 201510895580A CN 105478763 A CN105478763 A CN 105478763A
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powder
laser
tic
laser forming
hopper
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娄德元
陈列
廖加劲
朱思雄
杨奇彪
伍义刚
刘顿
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Hubei University of Technology
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Hubei University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40Radiation means
    • B22F12/41Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B22F1/0003
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/52Hoppers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53Nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55Two or more means for feeding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/32Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser forming method of a TiC-Al-Gr composite material component. According to the formula, the raw material powder selected and used in the method comprises, by weight percentage, 5.67%-6.35% of graphite, 40.54%-44.43% of Ti, 0.47%-0.67% of mischmetal and the balance Al. The powder formed through lasers is quantitatively conveyed through a multi-hopper conveying system, a three-pipe coaxial laser head is adopted for laser forming, and an inside-outside gradient delamination structure of the TiC-Al-Gr component can be achieved by controlling the powder conveying system and the laser head, and the fracture toughness of the TiC-Al-Gr component can reach over 60% of the Al alloy.

Description

A kind of laser forming method of TiC-Al-Gr composite element
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser forming field, relate to a kind of laser forming method of TiC-Al-Gr composite element.
Background technology
TiC has high fusing point, outstanding elevated temperature strength, heat endurance, and density is low, elastic modelling quantity is higher, hardness is high and wearability is good, is widely used in the Hardmetal materials such as cutter, mould field.
TiC particle reinforce Al based composites has the excellent properties such as high specific strength, high ratio modulus, low-density, low thermal coefficient of expansion and good wearability, in Aero-Space, precision instrument, automobile engine, sports equipment, Electronic Packaging etc., have important application prospect.Graphite (Gr) can improve its wearability in Al based composites, improves the performances such as the antidetonation energy-absorbing of material further simultaneously.
The technology of preparing of MMC, according to the difference of the feed postition of enhancing particle, can be divided into in-situ authigenic and pressure to add two kinds.In-situ authigenic technology is by alloy designs, reaction in-situ nucleation in parent metal, generate one or more thermodynamically stable wild phases, The method avoids the decomposition of additional reinforcement, economize energy, resource can emissions reduction, the reinforcement surface no-pollution of material, product properties is excellent.But its technical process requires strictly, more difficult grasp and the composition of wild phase and volume fraction wayward.
The method of laser forming technology utilization small size accumulation forming, can being uniformly distributed at macro-control wild phase, for powder-feeding laser shaped in situ particle reinforce MMC provides possibility.Therefore the present invention adopts the method that on-line continuous powder-feeding laser In-situ reaction is shaped, preparation TiC-Al composite material component, and the wild phase distribution realizing molded component is controlled continuously.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the laser forming method of the TiC-Al-Gr composite material component that a kind of wild phase distributes controlled.The present invention sets about from fabricated in situ route and laser forming technique, a kind of laser forming method of new TiC-Al-Gr composite material structural member is provided, wild phase can be made to be uniformly distributed in the composite, to realize the laser forming of the TiC-Al-Gr composite material component of function admirable.
The inventive method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 5.67 ~ 6.35wt.%, Ti40.54 ~ 44.43wt.%, mishmetal 0.47 ~ 0.67wt.%, Al surplus, and raw material adopts powder, metal dust and graphite powder size 60 ~ 200 microns; By Metal Cr powder and rare earth powder ball milling 0.5 ~ 6 hour;
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system is adopted to carry out powder feeding and mixing in time, described many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system is connected to form respectively by powder feeding pipe and a common laser head by three powder feeders, Ti and rare earth mixed-powder are put into the 1st hopper, graphite powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and Al powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 screw rod powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and the ratio of powder is controlled by adjustment screw speed;
(3) laser forming
The laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool; Utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital figure of design part, and set up laser beam scan path and interlayer connection cooperation thereof, arranging every layer thickness is 0.05 ~ 0.4mm, then carries out laser forming at four number of axle word machining tool higher slices; Control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, make the wild phase TiC ratio distribution gradient that local generates, namely structural member skin is wear-resisting TiC-Al-Gr composite, and inside is metal matrix material, and the raw material of final utilization meets the proportion requirement of step (1).
Step (3) adopts optical fiber/CO 2laser instrument, power output 100 ~ 3000W, spot diameter 0.2 ~ 4mm, overlapping rate 10 ~ 80%, laser head Ar throughput 0.5 ~ 13L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 0.5 ~ 12L/min, laser head sweep speed 3 ~ 125mm/s.The environment of Laser Processing is argon atmosphere, and pressure is 1 atmospheric pressure.
The present invention's many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system used is connected to form respectively by powder feeding pipe and a common laser head by three powder feeders, as shown in Figure 1.Described powder feeder is made up of hopper, screw rod and Fluidizer, and screw rod is promoted by DC stepper motor.
The performance of TiC-Al-Gr composite depends on content, the size of TiC and is uniformly distributed.The present invention is with the instant powder feeding of three hopper spiral powder feeding mixing systems, and utilize coaxial discontinuous laser head to be shaped TiC-Al-Gr composite material component, achieve the distributed controll of wild phase, eliminate the situation of TiC uneven distribution in composite, realize the laser forming of the adjustable TiC-Al-Gr composite material structural member of TiC content.
Parts top layer and internal layer are formed separately by the inventive method simultaneously, control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, realize the laser manufacture of the metal-base composites parts of inside and outside hierarchy, components interior is made to have the toughness of metal material, top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the overall fracture toughness of parts is more than 60% of similar metal parts.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described further in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment one
A kind of TiC-Al-Gr all-composite engine cylinder sleeve laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 5.67wt.%, Ti40.54wt.%, mishmetal 0.58wt.%, Al powder surplus.Raw material adopts powder, metal dust and graphite powder particle size 60 microns; By Metal Cr powder and rare earth powder ball milling 2 hours.
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, and Ti and rare earth mixed-powder is put into the 1st hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and Al powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 screw rod powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and by screw speed adjustment TiC at the content of local that is shaped.
(3) laser forming
Carried with 3 pipeline gas respectively by powder in many hoppers and be delivered to laser head and carry out laser forming, the laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool.Utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of design part, and set up the best laser beam scan path of layering and interlayer connection cooperation thereof, arranging every layer thickness is 0.25mm, then carries out laser forming at four number of axle word machining tool higher slices; Control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, carry out the laser forming of hierarchy inside and outside composite component, namely structural member skin is wear-resisting TiC-Al-Gr composite, and inside is metal matrix material.Laser Processing uses optical fiber laser, its power output 650W, spot diameter 0.4mm, overlapping rate 50%, laser head Ar throughput 6.8L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 5.5L/min, laser head sweep speed 38mm/s.The environment of Laser Processing is argon atmosphere, and pressure is 1 atmospheric pressure.
Molded component inside has the toughness of metal material, and top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the overall fracture toughness of parts is more than 60% of similar metal parts.
Embodiment two
A kind of TiC-Al-Gr composite material brake disc laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 6.35wt.%, Ti41.32wt.%, mishmetal 0.47wt.%, Al surplus.Raw material adopts powder, metal dust and graphite powder particle size 60 microns; By Metal Cr powder and rare earth powder ball milling 2.5 hours.
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, and Ti and rare earth mixed-powder is put into the 1st hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and Al powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 screw rod powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and by screw speed adjustment TiC at the content of local that is shaped.
(3) laser forming
Carried with 3 pipeline gas respectively by powder in many hoppers and be delivered to laser head and carry out laser forming, the laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool.Utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of design part, and set up the best laser beam scan path of layering and interlayer connection cooperation thereof, arranging every layer thickness is 0.26mm, then carries out laser forming at four number of axle word machining tool higher slices; Control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, carry out the laser forming of hierarchy inside and outside composite component, namely structural member skin is wear-resisting TiC-Al-Gr composite, and inside is metal matrix material.Laser Processing uses optical fiber laser, its power output 400W, spot diameter 0.35mm, overlapping rate 60%, laser head Ar throughput 4.2L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 6.8L/min, laser head sweep speed 30mm/s.The environment of Laser Processing is argon atmosphere, and pressure is 1 atmospheric pressure.
Molded component inside has the toughness of metal material, and top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the overall fracture toughness of parts is more than 60% of similar metal parts.
Embodiment three
A kind of TiC-Al-Gr composite material shaft bushing laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 6.13wt.%, Ti41.43wt.%, mishmetal 0.67wt.%, Al surplus.Raw material adopts powder, metal dust and graphite powder particle size 100 microns; By Metal Cr powder and rare earth powder ball milling 1.5 hours.
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, and Ti and rare earth mixed-powder is put into the 1st hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and Al powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 screw rod powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and by screw speed adjustment TiC at the content of local that is shaped.
(3) laser forming
Carried with 3 pipeline gas respectively by powder in many hoppers and be delivered to laser head and carry out laser forming, the laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool.Utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of design part, and set up the best laser beam scan path of layering and interlayer connection cooperation thereof, arranging every layer thickness is 0.18mm, then carries out laser forming at four number of axle word machining tool higher slices; Control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, carry out the laser forming of hierarchy inside and outside composite component, namely structural member skin is wear-resisting TiC-Al-Gr composite, and inside is metal matrix material.Laser Processing uses optical fiber laser, its power output 1000W, spot diameter 0.32mm, overlapping rate 70%, laser head Ar throughput 7.3L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 8.8L/min, laser head sweep speed 10mm/s.The environment of Laser Processing is argon atmosphere, and pressure is 1 atmospheric pressure.

Claims (3)

1. a laser forming method for TiC-Al-Gr composite element, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 5.67 ~ 6.35wt.%, Ti40.54 ~ 44.43wt.%, mishmetal 0.47 ~ 0.67wt.%, Al surplus, and raw material adopts powder, metal dust and graphite powder size 60 ~ 200 microns; By Metal Cr powder and rare earth powder ball milling 0.5 ~ 6 hour;
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system is adopted to carry out powder feeding and mixing in time, described many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system is connected to form respectively by powder feeding pipe and a common laser head by three powder feeders, Ti and rare earth mixed-powder are put into the 1st hopper, graphite powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and Al powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 screw rod powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and the ratio of powder is controlled by adjustment screw speed;
(3) laser forming
The laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool; Utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital figure of design part, and set up laser beam scan path and interlayer connection cooperation thereof, arranging every layer thickness is 0.05 ~ 0.4mm, then carries out laser forming at four number of axle word machining tool higher slices; Control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, make the wild phase TiC ratio distribution gradient that local generates, namely structural member skin is wear-resisting TiC-Al-Gr composite, and inside is metal matrix material, and the raw material of final utilization meets the proportion requirement of step (1).
2. laser forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), adopts optical fiber/CO 2laser instrument, power output 100 ~ 3000W, spot diameter 0.2 ~ 4mm, overlapping rate 10 ~ 80%, laser head Ar throughput 0.2 ~ 12L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 0.5 ~ 125L/min, laser head sweep speed 3 ~ 125mm/s.
3. laser forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described powder feeder is made up of hopper, screw rod and Fluidizer, and screw rod is promoted by DC stepper motor.
CN201510895580.XA 2015-12-08 2015-12-08 Laser forming method of TiC-Al-Gr composite material component Pending CN105478763A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106735218A (en) * 2017-01-17 2017-05-31 华南理工大学 A kind of many material laser selective melting shaped devices of rotary multi-cylinder and method
CN114606490A (en) * 2022-03-18 2022-06-10 南京智能高端装备产业研究院有限公司 Forming device and method for functionally graded material

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030010409A1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-01-16 Triton Systems, Inc. Laser fabrication of discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites
CN102943266A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 江苏新亚特钢锻造有限公司 High abrasion-proof laser cladding cobalt-base alloy powder and preparation method thereof
CN103691949A (en) * 2014-01-09 2014-04-02 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of WC (Wolfram Carbide)-metal composite material structural component
CN104260360A (en) * 2014-07-28 2015-01-07 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 Multi-material laser direct writing conformal system and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030010409A1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-01-16 Triton Systems, Inc. Laser fabrication of discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites
CN102943266A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 江苏新亚特钢锻造有限公司 High abrasion-proof laser cladding cobalt-base alloy powder and preparation method thereof
CN103691949A (en) * 2014-01-09 2014-04-02 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of WC (Wolfram Carbide)-metal composite material structural component
CN104260360A (en) * 2014-07-28 2015-01-07 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 Multi-material laser direct writing conformal system and method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106735218A (en) * 2017-01-17 2017-05-31 华南理工大学 A kind of many material laser selective melting shaped devices of rotary multi-cylinder and method
CN106735218B (en) * 2017-01-17 2019-05-14 华南理工大学 A kind of more material laser selective melting molding machines of rotary multi-cylinder and method
CN114606490A (en) * 2022-03-18 2022-06-10 南京智能高端装备产业研究院有限公司 Forming device and method for functionally graded material
CN114606490B (en) * 2022-03-18 2023-06-30 南京智能高端装备产业研究院有限公司 Forming device and method for functionally graded material

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Application publication date: 20160413