CN105466761A - Automatic alignment device for metal tensile samples in low-temperature environment testing box - Google Patents
Automatic alignment device for metal tensile samples in low-temperature environment testing box Download PDFInfo
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- CN105466761A CN105466761A CN201510931320.3A CN201510931320A CN105466761A CN 105466761 A CN105466761 A CN 105466761A CN 201510931320 A CN201510931320 A CN 201510931320A CN 105466761 A CN105466761 A CN 105466761A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic alignment device for metal tensile samples in a low-temperature environment testing box. The device comprises a clamping automatic centering mechanism, a linkage mechanism, a locking mechanism and a floating automatic alignment mechanism. The metal tensile samples are clamped in the linkage mechanism and locked through the locking mechanism, the upper end and the lower end of the linkage mechanism are connected with the clamping automatic centering mechanism and the floating automatic alignment mechanism respectively, the floating automatic alignment mechanism is installed on a base, and the clamping automatic centering mechanism can move up and down. The automatic alignment device is simple and practical in structure, energy consumption in the environment testing box is effectively reduced, automatic correcting and alignment of the metal tensile samples are achieved, errors are reduced, precision is guaranteed, fatigue tests of the metal tensile samples at high frequency can be achieved, cost is reduced, and resource waste is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of workpiece centralising device, more specifically, especially relate to the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber.
Background technology
At present, in metal stretching sample fatigue testing at low temperature process, whether the templin chuck up and down of traditional fatigue rig makes us cannot judge metal stretching sample keeps Shaft alignment state in clamping process, and the centering that clamps up and down of metal stretching sample mainly leans on technician according to upper and lower clamping sequence, the clamping, the centering that complete metal stretching sample with sensation and experience.Under low frequency or static tensile test situation, the problem of centering up and down of metal stretching sample due to less on test findings impact and often ignore by test technician.In metal stretching sample high-frequency torture test process, because metal stretching sample axially bears the high frequency load of Tension and Compression both direction, solve that metal stretching sample clamps that centering problem just becomes up and down urgently.Prior art has lacked a kind of reliable metal stretching specimen clamping, centralising device, and for obtaining test findings accurately, improve the precision of test figure, change traditional metal stretching specimen clamping mode, this is the key of dealing with problems.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber is provided, metal stretching sample holder automatic aligning and metal stretching sample automatic centering can be realized.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention includes clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, latch mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism, metal stretching specimen clamping is locked by latch mechanism in coupling mechanism, coupling mechanism upper and lower side connects clamping antomatic aligning mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism respectively, floating automatic centering mechanism is arranged on base, clamping antomatic aligning mechanism top is connected with hydraulic cylinder piston, hydraulic cylinder piston moves up and down under hydraulic cylinder drives, hydraulic cylinder piston connects the slide block at two ends through sliding bar, slide block is contained in cylindrical slideway and moves up and down, cylindrical slideway is fixed on base.
Described clamping antomatic aligning mechanism comprises clamp, push rod and automatic aligning assembly, form a fixed connection in the hole slot that clamp upper end is embedded into hydraulic cylinder piston, clamp bottom is provided with swallow-tail form chamber, the inner, chamber is greater than outer end, symmetria bilateralis in chamber is equipped with two identical automatic aligning assemblies of structure, the upper end of coupling mechanism is clamped in automatic aligning assembly, and automatic aligning assembly is connected by lever construction with push rod, realizes moving up and down of automatic aligning assembly by swinging up and down of push rod.
Described automatic aligning assembly comprises wedge shape fixture block, wedge shape clamping plate and guide pole, and wedge shape fixture block is arranged on inside wedge shape clamping plate, and wedge shape clamping plate lateral wall is connected to the inwall in clamp swallow-tail form chamber; The medial surface of wedge shape clamping plate has groove, and the outside of wedge shape fixture block is provided with flange, and flange is embedded in groove; Flange is provided with shoulder hole vertically, guide pole runs through and is contained in shoulder hole, the end face up and down of groove is provided with the locating slot inserting radial location for guide pole, in guide pole, cover has stage clip, be provided with bar flange bottom guide pole, stage clip top and bottom withstand on the step surface of shoulder hole and bar flange respectively.
Described coupling mechanism comprises cryogenic box and is placed in the active centering connecting link of cryogenic box, driven centering connecting link; Cryogenic box end face and bottom center have initiatively centring hole and driven centring hole, initiatively the top of centering connecting link is through being clamped in described automatic aligning assembly two wedge shape fixture blocks after active centring hole, metal stretching sample top is installed in the center pit of initiatively centering connecting link bottom by latch mechanism, metal stretching sample bottom is installed in the center pit on driven centering connecting link top by latch mechanism, and the bottom of driven centering connecting link is coaxially fixedly connected with multi-directional ball through after driven centring hole; Cryogenic box inwall is provided with illuminating lamp and temperature sensor, and cryogenic box is built with the low temperature extensometer towards metal stretching sample stretching position.
The spun-glass insulation that described cryogenic box sidewall is built-in with for being incubated is cotton.
Comprise described latch mechanism initiatively tight locking button, slave lock link closely, initiatively lock washer and driven lock washer; The top of metal stretching sample is metal stretching sample initiatively thread end, initiatively the center pit of centering connecting link bottom is active internal thread connecting hole, metal stretching sample initiatively thread end screw thread installs to initiatively in internal thread connecting hole, and to be threaded locking by active tight locking button; The bottom of metal stretching sample is metal stretching sample slave thread end, the center pit on driven centering connecting link top is driven internal thread connecting hole, metal stretching sample slave thread end screw thread installs in driven internal thread connecting hole, and to be linked closely the locking that is threaded by slave lock.
Described floating automatic centering mechanism comprises multi-directional ball snap close, semi-spherical grooves and XY to slipway mechanism; In the spherical cavity that multi-directional ball clamping is formed between multi-directional ball snap close and semi-spherical grooves, fixed by left clamping screw and right clamping screw between multi-directional ball snap close and semi-spherical grooves, uniform multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor is installed along the same circle spacing between multi-directional ball upper face and multi-directional ball snap close inwall, between multi-directional ball lower surface and semi-spherical grooves inwall, uniform semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor is installed along the same circle spacing; Be fixedly connected with semi-spherical grooves base bottom semi-spherical grooves, semi-spherical grooves base is connected to can along the XY of the perpendicular both direction movement of level to slipway mechanism.
Described XY is specially to slipway mechanism: base is provided with Y-direction stepper motor, the output shaft of Y-direction stepper motor coaxially connects Y-direction lead screw shaft, in Y-direction lead screw shaft, thread bush has Y-direction threaded block, Y-direction threaded block is fixed on guide's X rail chair bottom surface, and guide's X rail chair is arranged on Y-direction guide rail and moves horizontally along guide rail; Guide's X rail chair is provided with X to stepper motor by X to lead screw shaft fixed mount, X coaxially connects X to lead screw shaft to the output shaft of stepper motor, X has X to threaded block to thread bush in lead screw shaft, X is fixed on semi-spherical grooves base bottom to threaded block, and semi-spherical grooves floor installation moves horizontally along guide rail on X direction guiding rail.
The wedged gap α formed between wedge shape fixture block lateral wall described in both sides is less than the wedged gap β between the inwall of both sides, swallow-tail form chamber.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) active and driven centering connecting link, simple and practical, effectively reduces the energy ezpenditure in environmental test chamber, for the dynamic fatigue test realized under metal stretching sample low temperature environment provides basis;
2) realize automatic capturing and the centering of metal stretching sample, reduce the error of artificial centering, guarantee the precision of test findings;
3) clamp automatic aligning part, effectively ensure that connecting link and test button are in same axis, realize the dynamic fatigue test under test button high-frequency;
4) package unit compact conformation, multiple functional, saves cost, reduces the wasting of resources.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction diagrammatic cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is control system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 clamps antomatic aligning mechanism enlarged drawing.
In figure: push rod 1; Wedge shape clamping plate 2; Locating slot 5; Guide pole 6; Stage clip 7; Wedge shape fixture block 8; Clamp 9; Initiatively centering connecting link 10; Driven centering connecting link 11; Initiatively internal thread connecting hole 12; Driven internal thread connecting hole 13; Initiatively tight locking button 14; Slave lock links closely 15; Initiatively tight locking button internal thread 16; Slave lock links closely internal thread 17; Metal stretching sample is thread end 18 initiatively; Metal stretching sample 19; Metal stretching sample slave thread end 20; Low temperature extensometer 21; Spun-glass insulation cotton 22; Cryogenic box inwall 23; Cryogenic box 24; Temperature sensor 25; Bare terminal end 26; Multi-directional ball 27; Driven end gasket seal 28; Drive end gasket seal 29; Driven lock washer 30; Initiatively lock washer 31; Driven centring hole 32; Initiatively centring hole 33; Ten thousand near miss snap closes 34; Semi-spherical grooves 35; Left clamping screw 36; Right clamping screw 37; Y-direction stepper motor 38; Semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39; Multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor 40; Y-direction lead screw shaft 41; X is to stepper motor 42; Semi-spherical grooves base 45; Base 46; Controller 47; Hydraulic cylinder piston 48; Illuminating lamp 49; Cylindrical slideway 50; Slide block 51; X is to lead screw shaft 52; X is to lead screw shaft fixed mount 53; X is to threaded block 54; Y-direction threaded block 55; Y-direction guide rail 56; Guide's X rail chair 57; X direction guiding rail 58.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described further.Although the present invention will be described in conjunction with preferred embodiment, it should be understood that and do not represent and limit the invention in described embodiment.On the contrary, the present invention will contain can be included in attached claims limit scope of the present invention in alternative, modified and equivalent.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, latch mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism, metal stretching sample 19 clamping is locked by latch mechanism in coupling mechanism, coupling mechanism upper and lower side connects clamping antomatic aligning mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism respectively, floating automatic centering mechanism is arranged on base 46, clamping antomatic aligning mechanism top is connected with hydraulic cylinder piston 48, hydraulic cylinder piston 48 moves up and down under hydraulic cylinder drives, hydraulic cylinder piston 48 connects the slide block 51 at two ends through sliding bar, slide block 51 is contained in cylindrical slideway 50 and moves up and down, cylindrical slideway 50 is fixed on base 46.Cylindrical slideway 50 is fixed on base 46, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 pumps along cylindrical slideway 50 under the drive of sliding shoe 52.
Clamping antomatic aligning mechanism comprises clamp 9, push rod 1 and automatic aligning assembly, form a fixed connection in the hole slot that clamp 9 upper end is embedded into hydraulic cylinder piston 48, clamp 9 bottom is provided with swallow-tail form chamber, the inner, chamber is greater than outer end, symmetria bilateralis in chamber is equipped with two identical automatic aligning assemblies of structure, the upper end of coupling mechanism is clamped in automatic aligning assembly, and automatic aligning assembly is connected by lever construction with push rod 1, realizes moving up and down of automatic aligning assembly by swinging up and down of push rod 1.
As shown in Figure 3, automatic aligning assembly comprises wedge shape fixture block 8, wedge shape clamping plate 2 and guide pole 6, and wedge shape fixture block 8 is arranged on inside wedge shape clamping plate 2, and wedge shape clamping plate 2 lateral wall is connected to the inwall in clamp 9 swallow-tail form chamber; Push rod 1 one end is hinged on wedge shape clamping plate 2, is hinged on clamp 9, forms lever construction thus in the middle part of push rod 1; The medial surface of wedge shape clamping plate 2 has groove, and the outside of wedge shape fixture block 8 is provided with flange, and flange is embedded in groove; Flange is provided with shoulder hole vertically, guide pole 6 runs through and is contained in shoulder hole, the end face up and down of groove is provided with the locating slot 5 inserting radial location for guide pole 6, in guide pole 6, cover has stage clip 7, be provided with bar flange bottom guide pole 6, stage clip 7 top and bottom withstand on the step surface of shoulder hole and bar flange respectively.The top of clamping coupling mechanism between two wedge shape fixture blocks 8 of both sides.
Jack-up wedge shape wedge shape clamping plate 2 after push rod 1 starts, wedge shape clamping plate open along wedged gap β both sides; Wedge shape fixture block 8 is pushed up to position, the top by spring 7 in wedge shape wedge shape clamping plate 2, and now wedge shape fixture block 8 is in open configuration; Bare terminal end 26 is put into wedge shape fixture block 8, uses push rod 1 to press to wedge shape wedge shape clamping plate 2, drive wedge shape fixture block 8 to be clamped by bare terminal end 26; The wedged gap α of fixture block is less than the wedged gap β of wedge shape clamping plate, bare terminal end 26 and wedge shape fixture block 8 have a less friction force that wedge shape fixture block 8 just can be made to be clamped by bare terminal end 26 along the both sides displacement of α angle, along with pulling force (pressure) constantly increases, the clamping force of wedge shape fixture block 8 also constantly increases, until by bare terminal end 26 thoroughly clamping lock jail, thus form clamping antomatic aligning mechanism.
Coupling mechanism comprises cryogenic box 24 and is placed in the active centering connecting link 10 of cryogenic box 24, driven centering connecting link 11; Cryogenic box 24 end face and bottom center have initiatively centring hole 33 and driven centring hole 32, initiatively the top of centering connecting link 10 is through being clamped in described automatic aligning assembly two wedge shape fixture blocks 8 after active centring hole 33, metal stretching sample 19 top is installed in the center pit of initiatively centering connecting link 10 bottom by latch mechanism, metal stretching sample 19 bottom is installed in the center pit on driven centering connecting link 11 top by latch mechanism, and the bottom of driven centering connecting link 11 is coaxially fixedly connected with multi-directional ball 27 through after driven centring hole 32; Cryogenic box inwall 23 is provided with illuminating lamp 49 and temperature sensor 25, and cryogenic box 24 is built with the low temperature extensometer 21 at the position that stretches towards metal stretching sample 19.
Metal stretching sample 19 is connected together with driven centering connecting link 10 by active centering connecting link 11, and three forms one in the entirety axially not having relative displacement; Bare terminal end 26 is by wedge shape fixture block 8 positioning and locking; Driven centering connecting link 11 end is processed to multi-directional ball 27, and multi-directional ball 27 is in quick condition.
Cryogenic box 24 sidewall is built-in with the spun-glass insulation cotton 22 for being incubated.
Active centering connecting link 10, driven centering connecting link 11 and metal stretching sample 19 are placed in cryogenic box 24 and carry out low temperature environment torture test by the present invention, avoid and whole clamp 9, multi-directional ball 27 are placed in cryogenic box 24, reduce heat exhaustion in case, temperature uniformity in guard box, economize energy.
Initiatively centering connecting link 10 bare terminal end 26 coordinates with active centring hole 33; Driven centering connecting link 11 coordinates with driven centring hole 32; Metal stretching sample 19 is with initiatively centering connecting link 10 and driven centering connecting link 11 are coordinated by screw thread pair; Initiatively centering connecting link 10, driven centering connecting link 11, initiatively centring hole 33, driven centring hole 32, multi-directional ball 27, initiatively internal thread connecting hole 12, driven internal thread connecting hole 13 form coupling mechanism.
Comprise latch mechanism initiatively tight locking button 14, slave lock link closely 15, initiatively lock washer 31 and driven lock washer 30; The top of metal stretching sample 19 is metal stretching sample initiatively thread end 18, initiatively the center pit of centering connecting link 10 bottom is active internal thread connecting hole 12, metal stretching sample initiatively thread end 18 screw thread installs in active internal thread connecting hole 12, and to be threaded locking by initiatively tight locking button 14, initiatively tight locking button 14 and be initiatively provided with active lock washer 31 between centering connecting link 10 end face; The bottom of metal stretching sample 19 is metal stretching sample slave thread end 20, the center pit on driven centering connecting link 11 top is driven internal thread connecting hole 13, metal stretching sample slave thread end 20 screw thread installs in driven internal thread connecting hole 13, and linked closely by slave lock and 15 to be threaded locking, slave lock links closely between 15 and driven centering connecting link 11 end face and is provided with driven lock washer 30.
Initiatively cryogenic box 24 outside at centring hole 33 place is provided with for the spacing drive end gasket seal 29 of radial direction, and cryogenic box 24 outside at driven centring hole 32 place is provided with for the radial spacing driven end gasket seal 28 of driven centering connecting link 11.
Gasket seal, for reducing the impact of cryogenic box external environment condition on cryogenic box inner cryogenic environment, plays the effect of sealing cryogenic box.Initiatively lock washer 16, initiatively tight locking button 14 eliminate the gap between screw thread pair, ensure that metal tensile sample 19 does not axially have relative displacement with active centering connecting link 10.Driven lock washer 30 and slave lock link closely the gap between 15 elimination screw thread pairs, ensure that metal tensile sample 19 does not axially have relative displacement with driven centering connecting link 11.
The thread end 18 of metal stretching sample 19 coordinates with active internal thread connecting hole 12, and initiatively thread end 18 is locked with active lock washer 31 by tight locking button 14; The thread end 20 of metal stretching sample 19 coordinates with driven internal thread connecting hole 13, and slave lock links closely and 15 to be locked by thread end 20 with driven lock washer 30.Like this, initiatively tight locking button, slave lock links closely, initiatively lock washer, driven locking shim pack become latch mechanism.
Floating automatic centering mechanism comprises multi-directional ball snap close 34, semi-spherical grooves 35 and XY to slipway mechanism; In the spherical cavity that multi-directional ball 27 clamping is formed between multi-directional ball snap close 34 and semi-spherical grooves 35, fixed by left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 between multi-directional ball snap close 34 and semi-spherical grooves 35, uniform multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor 40 is installed along the same circle spacing between multi-directional ball 27 upper face and ten thousand near miss snap close 34 inwalls, between multi-directional ball 27 upper face and semi-spherical grooves 35 inwall, uniform semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 is installed along the same circle spacing; Be fixedly connected with semi-spherical grooves base 45 bottom semi-spherical grooves 35, semi-spherical grooves base 45 is connected to can along the XY of the perpendicular both direction movement of level to slipway mechanism.
XY is specially to slipway mechanism: base 46 is provided with Y-direction stepper motor 38, the output shaft of Y-direction stepper motor 38 coaxially connects Y-direction lead screw shaft 41, in Y-direction lead screw shaft 41, thread bush has Y-direction threaded block 55, Y-direction threaded block 55 is fixed on guide's X rail chair 57 bottom surface, and guide's X rail chair 57 is arranged on Y-direction guide rail 56 and moves horizontally along guide rail; Guide's X rail chair 57 is provided with X to stepper motor 42 by X to lead screw shaft fixed mount 53, X coaxially connects X to lead screw shaft 52 to the output shaft of stepper motor 42, X has X to threaded block 54 to thread bush in lead screw shaft 52, X is fixed on bottom semi-spherical grooves base 45 to threaded block 54, and semi-spherical grooves base 45 is arranged on X direction guiding rail 58 and moves horizontally along guide rail.
The wedged gap α formed between wedge shape fixture block 8 lateral wall of both sides is less than the wedged gap β between the inwall of both sides, swallow-tail form chamber.Wedge shape fixture block 8 can move up and down along wedged gap α.
Initiatively tight locking button 14 and coordinating to both tight locking buttons 15, eliminate metal stretching sample 19 and initiatively internal thread connecting hole 12, gap between metal stretching sample 19 and driven internal thread connecting hole 13, ensure metal tensile sample 19 and initiatively there is no relative movement between centering connecting link 10 and driven centering connecting link 11.
Y-direction stepper motor 38 and X drive Y-direction lead screw shaft 41 and X to finely tune to lead screw shaft 52 pairs of semi-spherical grooves 35 positions to stepper motor 42 respectively, realize floating multi-directional ball 27 and do not stress in radial direction, and power all axially can be transmitted at an arbitrary position; Left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 are locked between multi-directional ball snap close 34 and semi-spherical grooves 35.
Active centering connecting link 10 coordinates with centring hole on cryogenic box 33, driven centering connecting link 11 coordinates with centring hole under cryogenic box 32, and metal stretching sample 19 carries out cooling, being incubated in cryogenic box 24; Gasket seal 29 coordinates with bare terminal end 26, gasket seal 29 coordinates with floating end 27, guarantees homogeneous temperature change in cryogenic box; Bare terminal end 26 is locked by wedge shape clamping plate 2, and initiatively centering connecting link 10, metal stretching sample 19, driven centering connecting link 11 three are on same axis, and multi-directional ball 27 is unmanaged flexibility state.
As shown in Figure 2, also comprise controller 47, temperature sensor 25, low temperature extensometer 21, semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 and multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor 40 are connected to the input interface of controller 47, the input interface of controller 47 is connected with hydraulic cylinder piston 48 through solenoid valve, the input interface of controller 47 is connected to stepper motor 42 with Y-direction stepper motor 38 and X, and the input interface of controller 47 is connected through the refrigeration compressor of drive motor with cryogenic box 24.
The pressure signal that multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor 40 transmits the pressure signal of multi-directional ball snap close 34 pairs of multi-directional ball 27, semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 transmits multi-directional ball 27 pairs of semi-spherical grooves 35, judges the position of metal stretching sample 19 off-axis according to this signal.
The multi-directional ball 27 under unmanaged flexibility state locked by multi-directional ball tight locking button 34, semi-spherical grooves 35, left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37; Y-direction stepper motor 38 drives Y-direction lead screw shaft to realize the movement of semi-spherical grooves 35 in Y-direction position, and X realizes semi-spherical grooves 35 in the movement of X to position to stepper motor 42X to lead screw shaft 52.
Low temperature extensometer 21 is fixed on the position in the middle of metal stretching sample 19, and low temperature extensometer 21 can detect the change of metal stretching sample axial displacement, and feeds back to controller 47.The low temperature extensometer 21 that the middle stretch section of metal stretching sample 19 is installed to controller 47, conveniently can observe the axial displacement situation of change of metal stretching sample 19 signal transmission.
Temperature sensor 25 is fixed on cryogenic box inwall 23, can temperature variation in Real-Time Monitoring cryogenic box, and feeds back to controller 47.
Illuminating lamp 49 is observed the metal stretching sample 19 in low temperature seal case 24 for convenient.Illuminating lamp 50 is arranged on cryogenic box inwall 23, and when needs viewing test phenomenon time, illuminating lamp 50 is opened, otherwise closes illuminating lamp 50.
Apparatus of the present invention are generally used for the automatic aligning of metal stretching sample, and the automatic centering of metal stretching sample to realize high-frequency torture test under metal stretching sample low temperature environment, but it should be understood that the present invention also can be used for the automatic centering of other analogs.
The specific embodiment of the invention course of work is as follows:
Controller 47 pairs of hydraulic cylinder pistons 48 control, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 drives clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, latch mechanism, float automatic centring device, realizes metal stretching sample 19 high-frequency torture test at low ambient temperatures.
Clamp 9 is fixed on hydraulic cylinder piston 48, guide pole 6 inserts in the locating slot up and down 5 of wedge shape clamping plate 2, push rod 1 drives wedge shape clamping plate 2 to move up along wedged gap β by leverage, under the effect of stage clip 7 and guide pole 6, wedge shape fixture block 8 is inner at wedge shape clamping plate 2, by top to enough height, open shape along wedged gap α simultaneously; Bare terminal end 26 is put in the middle of wedge shape fixture block 8, and wedge shape clamping plate 2 are inner at clamp, under the drive of push rod 1, move downward along wedged gap β, and wedge shape fixture block 8 is inner at wedge shape clamping plate 2, closes up along wedged gap α, location and locking bare terminal end 26.
Under the effect of coupling mechanism, under metal stretching sample 19 is placed on the environment of a low temperature, avoid whole clamp 9 and universal ball end 27 to put in cryogenic box 24, reduce the environmental chamber at low temperature thermoregulator time, reduce energy resource consumption.
Hemisphere grooved ring shape pressure transducer 39 transmits the pressure signal between multi-directional ball 27 and semi-spherical grooves 35, Y-direction stepper motor 38 and X are to the size of stepper motor 42 according to semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 signal, respectively Y-direction is finely tuned to lead screw shaft 52 lead screw shaft 41 and X, guarantee that initiatively centering connecting link 10, driven centering connecting link 11, metal stretching sample 19 three do not stress in radial direction, and be in the axial direction on same axis.Such bare terminal end 26 with the error brought in the connection procedure of wedge shape fixture block 8, the error of on-line composition by bringing in screw thread pair and metal stretching sample 19 connection process, finally all pass through to be eliminated the adjustment of multi-directional ball 27, realize initiatively centering connecting link 10, metal stretching sample 19 and driven centering connecting link 11 three and be on same axis.
Left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 locate multi-directional ball 27 and are fixed in multi-directional ball groove 35 by multi-directional ball snap close 34, keep multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor 40 to pass to the pressure signal of controller 47 identical simultaneously.Pressure signal and temperature signal pass to controller 47, and controller 47 regulates low temperature the temperature inside the box according to testing requirements, make it reach the temperature of test setting, and are incubated about 15 minutes.
After pressure signal and temperature signal all meet testing requirements, controller 47 requires to control hydraulic cylinder piston 48 according to fatigue testing at low temperature, hydraulic cylinder piston 48 drives clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism and floating automatic centring device, realizes the torture test of metal stretching sample 19 under high-frequency.
With metal stretching sample total length for 120mm, middle effective diameter is 8mm, thread end is M16 × 1LH-7H-35, another thread end is M16 × 1-7H-35 is example, initiatively centering connecting link bare terminal end diameter is 23mm, and non-clamping end diameter is 42mm, and screw thread pair abutting end is M16 × 1LH-7h-40, driven centering connecting link multi-directional ball diameter 48mm, screw thread pair abutting end is M16 × 1-7h-40.Article diameters scope clamped by wedge shape fixture block is 20-25mm.
The first step: start push rod 1, under the effect of leverage, wedge shape clamping plate 2 are by jack-up and open shape along wedged gap β; Wedge shape fixture block 8, along with wedge shape clamping plate 2 are by spring 7 jack-up position topmost, is in open configuration along wedged gap α; Bare terminal end 26 is by active centring hole 32, put into wedge shape fixture block 8, push rod 1 presses to wedge shape clamping plate 2, makes it close up along wedged gap β both sides, wedge shape fixture block 8 closes up along wedged gap α under it drives simultaneously, and bare terminal end 26 and initiatively centering connecting link 10 are located and locked.
Second step: the active thread end 18 of metal stretching sample 19 coordinates with the active internal thread connecting hole 12 of active centering connecting link 10, initiatively tight locking button 14 and the initiatively gap of lock washer 31 elimination initiatively between thread end 18 end face and active centering connecting link 10 end face; Slave thread end 20 coordinates with the driven internal thread connecting hole 13 of driven centering connecting link 11, slave lock link closely 15 and driven lock washer 17 eliminate gap between slave thread end 18 end face and driven centering connecting link 11 end face; Now, initiatively centering connecting link 10, metal stretching sample 19, driven centering connecting link 11 three form an entirety, are on same axis, and the multi-directional ball 27 of driven centering connecting link 11 end is free state of floating.
3rd step: semi-spherical grooves 35 is near multi-directional ball 27 of floating, semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 is triggered, controller 47 accepts semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 signal, Y-direction stepper motor 38 and X drive Y-direction lead screw shaft 41 and X to lead screw shaft 52 to stepper motor 42 respectively, control semi-spherical grooves 35 at XY move in plane, until semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 signal held stationary; Left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 lock semi-spherical grooves 35 and multi-directional ball snap close 34, allow multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor 39 signal held stationary simultaneously.
4th step: temperature sensor 25 passes to controller 47 the temperature signal in cryogenic box, the temperature value that control system is preset according to torture test, controls cryogenic box 24 the temperature inside the box, makes it reach the temperature of testing requirements; After temperature signal and centering signal all meet testing requirements, controller 47 hydraulic control cylinder piston 48 is according to testing given signal movement.
5th step: low temperature extensometer 25 detects the change of metal stretching sample axial displacement; After the fatigue break of metal stretching sample, low temperature extensometer 21 feeds back to controller 47 displacement signal, and control system stops the motion of solenoid valve, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 stops, and test completes, and carries out record to test figure.
Controller 47 in concrete enforcement is 32 single-chip microcomputers, the place-centric of semi-spherical grooves is limited in a scope roughly, obtained by experiment, and be stored in controller internal RAM fixed address space in advance, when stepper motor drives lead screw shaft to finely tune semi-spherical grooves position, can have and directly be called by controller.
As can be seen here, the present invention is simple and practical, has outstanding significant technique effect, accurately can realize automatic capturing and the centering of metal stretching sample, reduce the error of artificial centering, and effectively can reduce the energy ezpenditure in environmental test chamber, save cost, can be used for dynamic fatigue test.
Claims (9)
1. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in low temperature environment chamber, is characterized in that:
Comprise clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, latch mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism, metal stretching sample (19) clamping is locked by latch mechanism in coupling mechanism, coupling mechanism upper and lower side connects clamping antomatic aligning mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism respectively, floating automatic centering mechanism is arranged on base (46), clamping antomatic aligning mechanism top is connected with hydraulic cylinder piston (48), hydraulic cylinder piston (48) moves up and down under hydraulic cylinder drives, hydraulic cylinder piston (48) connects the slide block (51) at two ends through sliding bar, slide block (51) is contained in cylindrical slideway (50) and moves up and down, cylindrical slideway (50) is fixed on base (46).
2. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described clamping antomatic aligning mechanism comprises clamp (9), push rod (1) and automatic aligning assembly, form a fixed connection in the hole slot that clamp (9) upper end is embedded into hydraulic cylinder piston (48), clamp (9) bottom is provided with swallow-tail form chamber, the inner, chamber is greater than outer end, symmetria bilateralis in chamber is equipped with two identical automatic aligning assemblies of structure, the upper end of coupling mechanism is clamped in automatic aligning assembly, automatic aligning assembly is connected by lever construction with push rod (1), moving up and down of automatic aligning assembly is realized by swinging up and down of push rod (1).
3. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described automatic aligning assembly comprises wedge shape fixture block (8), wedge shape clamping plate (2) and guide pole (6), wedge shape fixture block (8) is arranged on wedge shape clamping plate (2) inner side, and wedge shape clamping plate (2) lateral wall is connected to the inwall in clamp (9) swallow-tail form chamber; The medial surface of wedge shape clamping plate (2) has groove, and the outside of wedge shape fixture block (8) is provided with flange, and flange is embedded in groove; Flange is provided with shoulder hole vertically, guide pole (6) runs through and is contained in shoulder hole, the end face up and down of groove is provided with the locating slot (5) inserting radial location for guide pole (6), in guide pole (6), cover has stage clip (7), guide pole (6) bottom is provided with bar flange, and stage clip (7) top and bottom withstand on the step surface of shoulder hole and bar flange respectively.
4. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described coupling mechanism comprises cryogenic box (24) and is placed in the active centering connecting link (10) of cryogenic box (24), driven centering connecting link (11), cryogenic box (24) end face and bottom center have initiatively centring hole (33) and driven centring hole (32), initiatively the top of centering connecting link (10) is through being clamped in described automatic aligning assembly two wedge shape fixture blocks (8) after active centring hole (33), metal stretching sample (19) top is installed in the center pit of initiatively centering connecting link (10) bottom by latch mechanism, metal stretching sample (19) bottom is installed in the center pit on driven centering connecting link (11) top by latch mechanism, the bottom of driven centering connecting link (11) is coaxially fixedly connected with multi-directional ball (27) afterwards through driven centring hole (32), cryogenic box inwall (23) is provided with illuminating lamp (49) and temperature sensor (25), and cryogenic box (24) is built with the low temperature extensometer (21) towards metal stretching sample (19) stretching position.
5. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described cryogenic box (24) sidewall is built-in with the spun-glass insulation cotton (22) for being incubated.
6. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described latch mechanism comprises that initiatively tight locking button (14), slave lock link closely (15), initiatively lock washer (31) and driven lock washer (30); The top of metal stretching sample (19) is metal stretching sample initiatively thread end (18), initiatively the center pit of centering connecting link (10) bottom is active internal thread connecting hole (12), metal stretching sample initiatively thread end (18) screw thread installs to initiatively in internal thread connecting hole (12), and to be threaded locking by initiatively tight locking button (14); The bottom of metal stretching sample (19) is metal stretching sample slave thread end (20), the center pit on driven centering connecting link (11) top is driven internal thread connecting hole (13), metal stretching sample slave thread end (20) screw thread installs in driven internal thread connecting hole (13), and by slave lock link closely (15) to be threaded locking.
7. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described floating automatic centering mechanism comprises multi-directional ball snap close (34), semi-spherical grooves (35) and XY to slipway mechanism, in the spherical cavity that multi-directional ball (27) clamping is formed between multi-directional ball snap close (34) and semi-spherical grooves (35), fixed by left clamping screw (36) and right clamping screw (37) between multi-directional ball snap close (34) and semi-spherical grooves (35), uniform multi-directional ball snap close annular pressure sensor (40) is installed along the same circle spacing between multi-directional ball (27) upper face and multi-directional ball snap close (34) inwall, uniform semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor (39) is installed along the same circle spacing between multi-directional ball (27) lower surface and semi-spherical grooves (35) inwall, semi-spherical grooves (35) bottom is fixedly connected with semi-spherical grooves base (45), and semi-spherical grooves base (45) is connected to can along the XY of the perpendicular both direction movement of level to slipway mechanism.
8. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described XY is specially to slipway mechanism: base (46) is provided with Y-direction stepper motor (38), the output shaft of Y-direction stepper motor (38) coaxially connects Y-direction lead screw shaft (41), the upper thread bush of Y-direction lead screw shaft (41) has Y-direction threaded block (55), Y-direction threaded block (55) is fixed on guide's X rail chair (57) bottom surface, guide's X rail chair (57) is arranged on Y-direction guide rail (56) and moves horizontally along guide rail, guide's X rail chair (57) is provided with X to stepper motor (42) by X to lead screw shaft fixed mount (53), X coaxially connects X to lead screw shaft (52) to the output shaft of stepper motor (42), X has X to threaded block (54) to the upper thread bush of lead screw shaft (52), X is fixed on semi-spherical grooves base (45) bottom to threaded block (54), and semi-spherical grooves base (45) is arranged on X direction guiding rail (58) and moves horizontally along guide rail.
9. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the wedged gap α formed between wedge shape fixture block (8) lateral wall described in both sides is less than the wedged gap β between the inwall of both sides, swallow-tail form chamber.
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