CN105466665A - Method of testing resistance reduction rate of shale gas well resistance reduction water in field mode - Google Patents
Method of testing resistance reduction rate of shale gas well resistance reduction water in field mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN105466665A CN105466665A CN201410419315.XA CN201410419315A CN105466665A CN 105466665 A CN105466665 A CN 105466665A CN 201410419315 A CN201410419315 A CN 201410419315A CN 105466665 A CN105466665 A CN 105466665A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of testing a resistance reduction rate of shale gas well resistance reduction water in a field mode. By using the method, the resistance reduction rate of the resistance reduction water can be measured in an environment with a low shearing rate (the shearing rate is smaller than 10000s<-1>), the resistance reduction rate of the resistance reduction water can be measured in an environment with a high shearing rate (the shearing rate is larger than 10000s<-1>) in the field, data are provided for curve fitting for the resistance reduction rate of the resistance reduction water, and a basis is provided for fracturing design and construction pressure prediction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of the resistance-reducing yield for testing drag reduction water, particularly a kind of method of the resistance-reducing yield for on-the-spot test shale gas well drag reduction water.
Background technology
General employing pipeline frictional resistance measuring instrument carries out the method for experimental simulation to measure the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction water to shale gas well, this experimental test procedures can only record shear rate lower than 10000s
-1the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction water.By the restriction of flow and shear rate, shear rate cannot be measured exactly higher than 10000s
-1the resistance-reducing yield of the drag reduction water under environment.The data accurately measuring the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction water can for preferably providing foundation from several different drag reduction water, also can be FRACTURING DESIGN and operation pressure prediction provides important foundation.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of method of the resistance-reducing yield for on-the-spot test shale gas well drag reduction water, by the method, at high-rate of shear, (shear rate is greater than 10000s
-1) environment under also can accurately measure the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction water.The method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: fill cased hole completion pit shaft with active water, then by active water with flow Q sprue bushing post, record active water with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
1, and calculate active water with active water frictional resistance Δ P during flow Q sprue bushing post based on internal diameter D, the active water flow Q of string of casing with from the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft along string of casing to the length H of perf;
Step 2: fill cased hole completion pit shaft with drag reduction water, then by drag reduction water with flow Q sprue bushing post, record drag reduction water is with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
2, and based on active water with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
1, drag reduction water is with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
2drag reduction water is calculated with resistance-reducing yield μ during flow Q sprue bushing post with active water frictional resistance Δ P during flow Q sprue bushing post with active water.
In a specific embodiment, through type (1) carrys out calculated activity water with active water frictional resistance Δ P during flow Q sprue bushing post,
ΔP＝1.385×10
6×D
-4.
8×Q
1.8×H(1)，
Wherein: the unit of Δ P is MPa; The unit of D is mm; The unit of Q is m
3/ min; The unit of H is m.
In a specific embodiment, calculate drag reduction water with resistance-reducing yield μ during flow Q sprue bushing post by formula (2),
Wherein: the unit of Δ P is MPa; P
1unit be MPa; P
2unit be MPa; μ is percentage.
In a specific embodiment, the method also comprises the step 3 after being in step 2: in same sleeve pipe completion interval of well cylinder, measure some groups with the resistance-reducing yield of the drag reduction water of different flow sprue bushing post, with the method for the curve curvilinear equation that to calculate with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water be variable.The drag reducing efficiency of the drag reduction water under Measurement accuracy different displacements is also derived the preliminary filling that can be well head operation pressure with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and the drag reduction water curvilinear equation that is variable and is provided foundation.
In a specific embodiment, the method also comprises pre-step 1 and pre-step 2 before step 1, wherein
Pre-step 1: after filling cased hole completion pit shaft with active water, active water flow is slowly increased, active water flow is increased in the process of flow Q, if when the pressure in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft reaches safe pressure limiting, stop injecting active water and performing pre-step 2, if the pressure in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft lower than safe pressure limiting, performs step 1 all the time
Pre-step 2: acid solution sprue bushing completion pit shaft is entered shale gas-bearing formation by perf, restarts to perform pre-step 1.
The benefit of pre-step 1 is, when cased hole completion pit shaft is less than the flow Q of water pump injection from the ability of perf discharge opeing, pressure-containing member can be avoided to burst, guarantee the safety of package unit and tester.
The benefit of pre-step 2 is, acid liquid corrosion shale formation, and perf is increased, thus increases the drainage capacity of cased hole completion pit shaft, makes to test the flow Q that can continue to increase water pump injection.
In a specific embodiment, after step 1 performs, certain interval of time performs step 2 again.Step 1 has entered active water to shale formation, active water also can be trapped in the shale near perf within the regular hour, if at this moment implementation step 2 immediately, can produce certain error, after step 1 performs, certain interval of time performs step 2 again, can reduce error.
In a specific embodiment, this period of time is 2min.The time of two minutes can make most active water all be drained into the depths of shale formation.
In a specific embodiment, fill cased hole completion pit shaft with at least 1.5 times of drag reduction water to cased hole completion wellbore volume in step 2.The drag reduction water shale entered near perf of more than one cased hole completion wellbore volume replaces the active water being trapped in this, thus increases the degree of accuracy measured.
In a specific embodiment, in step 1 or step 2, the flow switch of active water or drag reduction water is spent after Q a time period and record pressure P in the well head of active water cased hole completion pit shaft again
1or P
2.Flow changes suddenly the fluid generation concussion caused in string of casing, and at this moment waiting this concussion reduction or disappearance to read manometric data again can reduce error.
In a specific embodiment, this time period is 2min.The concussion that switching flow can be made for two minutes to bring disappears.
In a specific embodiment, the flow number of some groups of drag reduction water sprue bushing posts is ascending is arranged as arithmetic progression.The flow number of arithmetic progression arrangement is more accurate when judgment curves type.
In a specific embodiment, measure drag reduction water with resistance-reducing yield during different 6 flow sprue bushing posts, and with the curvilinear equation that this matching is variable with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water.Carry out measuring to the resistance-reducing yield of the drag reduction water under six groups of different flows and can ensure the precision that curvilinear equation can reach required also to have very high economy, namely the precision of curvilinear equation and economy reach a reasonably balance.
In a specific embodiment, measure drag reduction water with flow 2,4,6,8,10,12m
3resistance-reducing yield during/min sprue bushing post, and with the curvilinear equation that this matching is variable with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water.Select this group flow to press close to and construction flow, the curvilinear equation obtained under flow of more pressing close to construct is for predicting that operation pressure will be more accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Also will be described in more detail the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing based on embodiment hereinafter.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is the test unit of one embodiment of the present invention and the assembling schematic diagram of cased hole completion pit shaft.
In the accompanying drawings, identical parts use identical Reference numeral.Accompanying drawing is not according to the scale of reality.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the test unit of one embodiment of the present invention and the assembling schematic diagram of cased hole completion pit shaft.This embodiment carrying out cased hole completion technique to shale gas well, gun perforation process construction is implemented later.Cased hole completion technique refers to that the string of casing 22 that the sleeve pipe several be tightly connected between two is formed puts into shale gas well 21, and supports shale gas well 21 with string of casing 22, and form passage in string of casing 22, this passage and formation isolation come by string of casing 22.Gun perforation process refers to and perforation specialized instrument and equipment is transported to down-hole predetermined depth by string of casing, aim at shale formation 1 and ignite shot gun, after shaped charge is ignited by primacord fuse, detonation wave is with 7000 ~ 8000m/s forward direction, produce high temperature, high-pressure shocking wave, thus penetrate string of casing 22 and enter stratum, form a duct, duct is perf 3, forms the technology be communicated with in shale formation to string of casing 22.
Present embodiment splits the cased hole completion technique of pressure technology in shale gas level, gun perforation process carries out after implementing.At this moment, the cased hole completion pit shaft 2 with perf 3 is defined.Cased hole completion pit shaft 2 comprises shale gas well 21 and is close to the string of casing 22 of shale gas well 21 borehole wall.Eyelet 31 on string of casing 22 is communicated with the crack 32 on shale formation 1, forms perf 3.String of casing 22 sealing shale gas well 21, makes shale gas well 21 cannot be communicated with earth's surface by the passage in string of casing 22 not having the position of perf 3.
Active water source 5, drag reduction water source 6 and acid solution source 7 can provide active water, drag reduction water and acid solution respectively.Such as, active water source 5, drag reduction water source 6 and acid solution source 7 are active pond, drag reduction pond and acid bath respectively, or active water source 5, drag reduction water source 6 and acid solution source 7 are the acid solution tank loading the active water pot of active water, the drag reduction water pot of loading drag reduction water and load acid solution respectively.Preferably, acid solution to be concentration be 15% watery hydrochloric acid or dust technology.
Fracturing truck group comprises fracturing truck.Fracturing truck comprises water pump 4.The liquid outlet 41 adapter sleeve tubing string 22 of water pump 4 deviates from the end 23 in the shaft bottom of shale gas well 21.The inlet 42 of water pump 4 is selectable is switched to active water source 5, drag reduction water source 6 or acid solution source 7, and connects active water source 5, drag reduction water source 6 or acid solution source 7 when water pump 4 is different.Such as, the inlet of water pump 4 connects a four-way part, and active water source 5, drag reduction water source 6 and acid solution source 7 are connected on four-way part by a valve, once only opens a valve.The drag reduction water that the active water that active water source 5 can be provided of water pump 4 or drag reduction water source 6 provide is with in certain flow Q sprue bushing post 22.Active water or drag reduction water flow to eyelet 31 position of string of casing 22, flow out to shale formation 1 from perf 3.The capacity to liquid of shale formation 1 is very large.Preferably, water pump 4 is volumetric pump, ensures to inject stability of flow.
Tensimeter 8 is arranged on the shale gas pithead position of string of casing 22, for level in measuring unit tubing string 22 in the hydraulic pressures of shale gas well pithead position.
In the present embodiment, on-the-spot test comprises pre-step 1 and pre-step 2 for the method for the resistance-reducing yield of on-the-spot test shale gas well drag reduction water.
Pre-step 1: after package unit connects, the inlet 42 of water pump 4 is switched to active water water source 5, opens water pump 4, active water is filled string of casing 22.Water pump 4 flow is first turned down after filling string of casing 22 by active water, then slowly increases water pump 4 flow, observes tensimeter 8 simultaneously.If water pump 4 flow is increased in the process of flow Q, then termination of pumping during the safe pressure limiting of pressure close to package unit that tensimeter 8 shows, and enter pre-step 2.If water pump 4 flow is increased in the process of flow Q, the pressure that tensimeter 8 shows then enters step 1 lower than the safe pressure limiting of package unit.
Pre-step 2: the inlet 42 of water pump 4 is switched to acid solution source 7, opens water pump 4, acid solution is injected shale formation 1 through string of casing 22.Enter pre-step 1 again.
The benefit of pre-step 1 is, when cased hole completion pit shaft 2 is less than the flow Q of water pump 4 injection from the ability of perf 3 discharge opeing, avoids pressure-containing member to burst, guarantees the safety of package unit and tester.Certainly, when the flow Q that water pump 4 injects is very little, when those skilled in the art rule of thumb can judge the flow Q that the drainage capacity of cased hole completion pit shaft 2 injects much larger than water pump 4, directly step 1 is entered.The benefit of pre-step 2 is, acid liquid corrosion shale formation, and perf 3 is increased, thus increases the drainage capacity of cased hole completion pit shaft 2.
In the present embodiment, the method for the resistance-reducing yield of on-the-spot test shale gas well drag reduction water comprises step 1 and step 2.
Step 1: the inlet 42 of water pump 4 is switched to active water water source, opens water pump 4, active water is filled cased hole completion pit shaft 3.Then to control water pump 4 with flow Q sprue bushing post 22, pressure P shown in record flow Q downforce table 8
1, calculate active water frictional resistance Δ P by formula (1).Then step 2 is performed.
ΔP＝1.385×10
6×D
-4.8×Q
1.8×H(1)，
In formula:
Δ P be active water with active water frictional resistance during flow Q sprue bushing post, MPa;
D is the internal diameter of string of casing 22, mm;
Q be water pump 4 by the flow of active water sprue bushing post, m
3/ min;
H is the length H from the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft 2 along string of casing 22 to perf 3, m.
Step 2: the inlet 42 of water pump 4 is switched to drag reduction water source 6, opens water pump 4, drag reduction water is filled cased hole completion pit shaft 2, then to control water pump 4 to treat measurement of discharge Q sprue bushing post 22, pressure P shown in record flow Q downforce table
2, the resistance-reducing yield μ of drag reduction water is calculated by formula (2),
In formula:
Δ P is active water frictional resistance, MPa;
P
1be active water with the pressure in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post, MPa;
P
2be drag reduction water with the pressure in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post, MPa;
μ is the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction water, is worth for percentage.
So just calculate the resistance-reducing yield μ of the drag reduction water under Q discharge capacity.μ is a percentage, does not have unit.Wherein, P
2-(P
1-Δ P) value be that drag reduction water is with drag reduction water frictional resistance during flow Q sprue bushing post.
H in step 1 is the length from the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft 2 along string of casing 22 to perf 3.In shale gas well, the length that cased hole completion pit shaft 2 has perf 3 one sections is generally no more than 30m, and the frictional resistance that the frictional resistance that this section produces produces along the length of string of casing 22 to the first perfs 3 for the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft 2 is negligible.Certainly, if the H in step 1 gets the half that cased hole completion pit shaft 2 has the length of perf 3 one sections add the length of the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft 2 along string of casing 22 to the first perfs 3, more accurate.
To further improvement of the present invention, termination of pumping a period of time between implementation step 1 and implementation step 2.After implementation step 1, because step 1 has entered active water to shale formation 1, active water also can be trapped in the shale near perf 3 within the regular hour, if at this moment implementation step 2 immediately, can produce certain error, so need termination of pumping a period of time after implementation step 1.Preferably, be 2 minutes during this period of time.
To further improvement of the present invention, when filling drag reduction water in step 2 in string of casing 22, inject and be more than or equal to 1.5 times to the drag reduction water of cased hole completion wellbore volume.Such benefit is, the drag reduction water shale entered near perf 3 of more than one cased hole completion pit shaft 2 volume replaces the active water being trapped in this, thus increases the degree of accuracy measured.
To further improvement of the present invention, in step 2 and step 1, by water pump 4 be switched to flow Q after, read the data of tensimeter 8 after a while again.The flow of water pump 4 changes suddenly the fluid generation vibration caused in string of casing 22, at this moment needs to wait this vibration reduction or disappearance to read the data of tensimeter 8 again to reduce error.Preferably, be 2 minutes during this period of time.Certainly, starting just to fill 2, cased hole completion pit shaft with flow Q sprue bushing post does not need to switch flow, and then does not need to read tensimeter 8 more after a while.
In the present embodiment, the method for the resistance-reducing yield of on-the-spot test shale gas well drag reduction water also comprises step 3.
Step 3: the resistance-reducing yield measuring the drag reduction water under some groups of different flows in same cased hole completion pit shaft 2, with the method for the curve curvilinear equation that to calculate with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water be variable.
Inventor, through putting into practice discovery in a large number, has relevance between the drag reduction discharge of same cased hole completion pit shaft 2 and the resistance-reducing yield Two Variables of drag reduction water.With the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water for variable can fit curve equation.Record after the resistance-reducing yield of some groups of drag reduction discharges and the drag reduction water under this flow, calculate this curvilinear equation by the method for curve.When different the subtracting recorded rents discharge from small to large for arithmetic progression, more accurate when judgment curves type, preferably, adjacent two flows difference 2m
3/ min.The resistance-reducing yield of the drag reduction water of more groups of different flows is measured, and then the curvilinear equation drawn is more accurate.But the resistance-reducing yield data measuring the drag reduction water under the different flow of too many group then can the manpower and materials of at substantial.Inventor finds, carries out measuring ensureing the precision that curvilinear equation can reach required also having very high economy to the resistance-reducing yield of the drag reduction water under six groups of different flows, and namely the precision of curvilinear equation and economy reach a reasonably balance.Preferably, measure flow be 2,4,6,8,10,12m
3the resistance-reducing yield of the drag reduction water under/min, is used for the curvilinear equation that matching is variable with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water.
The curvilinear equation that to calculate with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water be variable, then can derive the drag reducing efficiency of the drag reduction water under other flows.
Shaft bottom extending pressure, friction resistance near well bore, perforation frictional resistance, drag reduction water frictional resistance deduct fluid column pressure after being added and equal well head operation pressure.Those skilled in the art can calculate friction resistance near well bore, perforation frictional resistance, fluid column pressure extrapolate shaft bottom extending pressure.The drag reducing efficiency of the drag reduction water a certain flow can be calculated from the curvilinear equation being variable with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water, and then calculate drag reduction water frictional resistance.So the drag reducing efficiency of drag reduction water under Measurement accuracy different displacements derive the preliminary filling that can be well head operation pressure with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and the drag reduction water curvilinear equation that is variable and provide foundation.
Although invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiment, without departing from the scope of the invention, various improvement can be carried out to it and parts wherein can be replaced with equivalent.Especially, only otherwise there is conflict, the every technical characteristic mentioned in embodiment all can combine in any way.The present invention is not limited to specific embodiment disclosed in literary composition, but comprises all technical schemes fallen in the scope of claim.
Claims (13)
1., for a method for the resistance-reducing yield of on-the-spot test shale gas well drag reduction water, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: fill cased hole completion pit shaft with active water, then by active water with flow Q sprue bushing post, record active water with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
1, and calculate active water with active water frictional resistance Δ P during flow Q sprue bushing post based on internal diameter D, the active water flow Q of string of casing with from the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft along string of casing to the length H of perf;
Step 2: fill cased hole completion pit shaft with drag reduction water, then by drag reduction water with flow Q sprue bushing post, record drag reduction water is with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
2, and based on active water with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
1, drag reduction water is with the pressure P in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft during flow Q sprue bushing post
2drag reduction water is calculated with resistance-reducing yield μ during flow Q sprue bushing post with active water frictional resistance Δ P during flow Q sprue bushing post with active water.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carrys out calculated activity water with active water frictional resistance Δ P during flow Q sprue bushing post with following formula,
ΔP＝1.385×10
6×D
-4.8×Q
1.8×H
Wherein: the unit of Δ P is MPa; The unit of D is mm; The unit of Q is m
3/ min; The unit of H is m.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, calculates drag reduction water with resistance-reducing yield μ during flow Q sprue bushing post with following formula,
Wherein: the unit of Δ P is MPa; P
1unit be MPa; P
2unit be MPa; μ is percentage.
4. according to the method in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises the step 3 after being in step 2: in same sleeve pipe completion interval of well cylinder, measure some groups with the resistance-reducing yield of the drag reduction water of different flow sprue bushing post, with the method for the curve curvilinear equation that to calculate with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water be variable.
5. method according to any one of claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, described method also comprises pre-step 1 and pre-step 2 before step 1, wherein
Pre-step 1: after filling cased hole completion pit shaft with active water, active water flow is slowly increased, active water flow is increased in the process of flow Q, if when the pressure in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft reaches default safe pressure limiting, stop injecting active water and performing pre-step 2, if the pressure in the well head of cased hole completion pit shaft lower than safe pressure limiting, performs step 1 all the time
Pre-step 2: acid solution sprue bushing completion pit shaft is entered shale gas-bearing formation by perf, restarts to perform pre-step 1.
6. method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, is characterized in that, after step 1 performs, certain interval of time performs step 2 again.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described a period of time is 2min.
8. method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, fills cased hole completion pit shaft in step 2 with at least 1.5 times of drag reduction water to cased hole completion wellbore volume.
9. method according to any one of claim 1 to 8, is characterized in that, in step 1 or step 2, the flow switch of active water or drag reduction water is spent after Q a time period and records pressure P in the well head of active water cased hole completion pit shaft again
1or P
2.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, a described time period is 2min.
11. methods according to any one of claim 4 to 10, it is characterized in that, the flow number of some groups of drag reduction water sprue bushing posts is ascending is arranged as arithmetic progression.
12. methods according to any one of claim 4 to 11, is characterized in that, measure drag reduction water with resistance-reducing yield during different 6 flow sprue bushing posts, and with the curvilinear equation that this matching is variable with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water.
13. methods according to any one of claim 4 to 12, is characterized in that, measure drag reduction water with flow 2,4,6,8,10,12m
3resistance-reducing yield during/min sprue bushing post, and with the curvilinear equation that this matching is variable with the resistance-reducing yield of drag reduction discharge and drag reduction water.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| FR2946704B1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2013-02-22 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR REDUCING LOAD LOSS OF FLOW FLUID IN A CONDUIT WHILE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DEGRADATION OF TRAINING REDUCERS. |
| CN103575620A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing resistance reducing rate of fracturing fluid |
| CN103698104A (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-04-02 | 西南石油大学 | Modularized anti-drag water fracturing fluid drag-reducing performance testing and sand-carrying performance evaluating device |
-
2014
- 2014-08-22 CN CN201410419315.XA patent/CN105466665B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2946704B1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2013-02-22 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR REDUCING LOAD LOSS OF FLOW FLUID IN A CONDUIT WHILE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DEGRADATION OF TRAINING REDUCERS. |
| CN103575620A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing resistance reducing rate of fracturing fluid |
| CN103698104A (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-04-02 | 西南石油大学 | Modularized anti-drag water fracturing fluid drag-reducing performance testing and sand-carrying performance evaluating device |
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